CN110045457A - A kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures - Google Patents
A kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures Download PDFInfo
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- CN110045457A CN110045457A CN201910288393.3A CN201910288393A CN110045457A CN 110045457 A CN110045457 A CN 110045457A CN 201910288393 A CN201910288393 A CN 201910288393A CN 110045457 A CN110045457 A CN 110045457A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02033—Core or cladding made from organic material, e.g. polymeric material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures, it is related to sensor fibre technical field, the present invention includes the cladding structure of fiber core and package fiber core, the cladding structure outer surface is coated with optical fiber coating, softening or coating Soft Roll layer material are doped to the fiber cladding structure, so that the Young's modulus of fiber cladding structure is less than the Young's modulus of fiber core, when external sound wave pressure acts on optical fiber, the lesser surrounding layer of Young's modulus drives the biggish inner cladding of Young's modulus and fibre core, and deformation occurs, to enhance optical fiber to the response sensitivity of sound wave, the present invention has structure simple, the advantages of strain-phse sensitivity of optical fiber distributed type acoustic wave sensing system can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor fibre technical fields, more particularly to one kind based on covering softening and more cladding structures
Sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber.
Background technique
Extensive utilization has been obtained in the every field of modern society in distributed fiber-optic sensor, wherein is based on phase
Optical fiber distributed type sound wave sensing (DAS) technology of responsive type optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) is got the attention.Compared to
Conditional electronic wave detector, DAS system simple installation, at low cost, high-efficient, high sensitivity, spatial resolution be high, high reliablity and
It can be with dynamic instrumentation seismic wave；Optical cable used in DAS system can be resistant to very high temperature, more than the electronic detector service life
It is long；It is detected compared to traditional ground seismic wave, DAS system is suitable with electronic detector performance, but DAS system is detected on a large scale
Aspect has bigger potentiality.Therefore, DAS has shown great advantage and application value in fields such as oil explorations.
DAS technology based on Φ-OTDR generates direct impulse light by being modulated to the continuous light that coherent source exports
Inject sensor fibre, the signal detection unit of the backward Rayleigh scattering light of direct impulse light along optical fiber return system input terminal；Light
Length is that phase dry doubling output system occurs for the Reyleith scanttering light of half of pulse width on fibre；When not changed due to external environment, visit
The light phase difference for surveying same position different moments when pulsed light transmits in a fiber is constant, when extraneous sound field changes,
Phase difference changes therewith, therefore can monitor along the phase difference of optical fiber by demodulating direct impulse light and restore extraneous sound
?.
Major part DAS system uses standard single-mode fiber as shown in Figure 1 to carry out sound wave monitoring as sensor fibre at present,
When using standard fiber, after extraneous acoustic pressure reaches a certain level, optical path difference caused by the strain that optical fiber generates changes
Can be detected by DAS system, thus using existing full quartz standard single-mode fiber DAS system phse sensitivity by
The reason of limiting, and causing this phenomenon is that the covering of standard single-mode fiber is pure quartz material mostly, and fibre core is doping stone
English material, their Young's modulus is usually very high, so biggish strain can not be generated for external sound wave pressure.
In addition, for the hydrophone system with fibre optic interferometer or distributed fiber-optic sensor, the sound wave spirit of existing fiber
Quick property significantly limits its sensitivity, and the DAS phse sensitivity based on standard quartz material single mode optical fiber about -180~--
140dB rad/ √ Hz, well below existing hydrophone system level and can not apply.Therefore, not only for DAS system
System, for fiber-optic hydrophone system, the acoustic sensitivity for promoting optical fiber itself is also key technical problem urgently to be resolved.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: in order to solve in existing fiber distribution acoustic wave sensing system using standard single mode light
Fibre, the not high enough problem of acoustic sensitivity, the present invention provide a kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity light based on covering softening and more cladding structures
Fibre replaces full quartz material by softening silica clad and using the lesser clad material of Young's modulus, can significantly improve light
Response sensitivity of the fibre to sound wave.
The present invention specifically uses following technical scheme to achieve the goals above:
A kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures, including fiber core and package fiber core
Cladding structure, the cladding structure outer surface be coated with optical fiber coating, it is characterised in that: the cladding structure is mixed
Miscellaneous softening or coating Soft Roll layer material, so that the Young's modulus of cladding structure is less than the Young's modulus of fiber core.
The cladding structure includes the inner cladding for wrapping up fiber core, and the Soft Roll layer material is coated on inner cladding appearance
Face, optical fiber coating are located at soft pack layer outer surface, and the Soft Roll layer material is soft high molecular material.
Further, the cladding structure is more cladding structures, and fiber core is silica glass material, to more coverings
Structural material is doped softening, its Young's modulus is made to be less than silica glass material.
Further, more cladding structures include but is not limited to the outsourcing for wrapping up the inner cladding and package inner cladding of fibre core
Layer, optical fiber coating are located at surrounding layer outer surface, and the Young's modulus of the outsourcing layer is less than the Young's modulus of fiber core.
Further, the radius of the surrounding layer is greater than inner cladding diameter.
Further, the outsourcing layer is soft high molecular material, and Young's modulus is significantly less than quartz glass
Material.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
The present invention is by being doped softening or coating Soft Roll layer material to fiber cladding structure, so that cladding structure material
Young's modulus be much smaller than optical fiber core material Young's modulus, when external sound wave pressure acts on optical fiber, Young's modulus
Deformation occurs for lesser surrounding layer or the biggish inner cladding of soft pack layer material drive Young's modulus and fibre core, to enhance optical fiber pair
The response sensitivity of sound wave significantly improves strain-phse sensitivity of current optical fiber distributed type acoustic wave sensing system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section of general single mode fiber.
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber of the invention.
Fig. 3 is optical fiber axial direction stress diagram of the invention.
Fig. 4 is optical fiber radial force schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 5 is stress-strain of the invention-phase change relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is axial stress of the present invention leading lower inner cladding, surrounding layer Young's modulus and phse sensitivity relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is radial stress of the present invention leading lower inner cladding, surrounding layer Young's modulus and phse sensitivity relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the leading lower inner cladding diameter of axial stress of the invention and phse sensitivity relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is the leading lower inner cladding diameter of radial stress of the invention and phse sensitivity relation schematic diagram.
Appended drawing reference: 1, fiber core；2, fibre cladding；3, optical fiber coating；4, more cladding structures；4-1, inner cladding；
4-2, surrounding layer.
Specific embodiment
In order to which those skilled in the art better understand the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing with following embodiment to the present invention
It is described in further detail.
As shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, firstly, analyzing from amechanical angle fibre strain, the side that sound wave passes through acoustic pressure
Formula changes mechanical environment locating for optical fiber, to cause the strain of optical fiber, it is assumed that this field of force is isotropism
And without shearing stress, i.e., the direction z and the direction r are without crosstalk, and axial strain caused by this stress variation is εz, radial strain
For εr, then shown in the phase of the optical fiber variable such as formula (1):
Wherein, n is the effective refractive index of optical fiber, p11And p12For the elasto-optical coefficient of core material, β is the biography of fiber core
Constant is broadcast, L is that the length of optical fiber (should be the length done between not good enough from the point of view of DAS system, should be in terms of interferometer angle
Length difference between script two-arm), therefore β L is the corresponding phase of optical path difference before strain environment has not been changed.From formula (1)
It can be seen that, it is assumed that optical fiber effective refractive index n determines that the wavelength that DAS system is used also determines, in identical axial strain εzWith
Radial strain εrUnder, phase change amount is determining.Therefore, the design focal point of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber is: answering identical
Under power changes, fiber core obtains maximum axial strain εzWith radial strain εr。
Generalized Hooke law (cylindrical coordinates) under practical stress condition is as shown in formula (2):
Wherein, δi(i=z, r, θ) respectively indicates z, r, the stress in the direction θ, Pi(i=z, r, θ) respectively indicates z, r, the direction θ
Load, Ai(i=z, r, θ) respectively indicates z, and r, the active area of the power in the direction θ, E is the Young's modulus of material, and μ is material
Poisson's ratio, be based on formula (2) and Analysis of materials mechanics, strain of the available same stress under different optical fiber structures
Amount.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, it is assumed that whole section of optical fiber is in the direction z by uniform load PzEffect, and the direction r by
Uniform load PrEffect, optical fiber is divided into n-layer, wherein indicating fibre core, radius r as i=1 (i=1,2 ..., m)1For 4.5 μ
m；Outermost layer radius rmIt is 62.5 μm, it should be noted that each layer of stress δ hereiIt is that internal stress and the comprehensive of external carbuncle are imitated
It answers, therefore when establishing equation, without considering that a certain layer is surrendered by adjacent layer.According to St.Venant theorem and cylindrical member
Stress distribution, stress distribution are as follows:
The Strain Distribution obtained by formula (2) and formula (3) are as follows:
The axial strain ε of formula (4)zWith radial strain εrAbbreviation can obtain:
It is therefore desirable to obtain each layer of strain, then the number for needing to solve has:
Ai(i=2,3 ..., m), Bi(i=2,3 ..., m), C, Di(i=2,3 ..., m).
And the formula is solved, then needs following five boundary conditions:
1) boundary force of outermost ragged edge is the extraneous stress P appliedr:
2) layer is equal with its stress on the boundary of layer:
3) layer is equal with its radial displacement on the boundary of layer:
4) it is applied to that axial load should be each ply stress and area of section product and (resultant force total value is identical):
5) axial each ply strain amount is equal:
When optical fiber is in radial free extension, the load that the external world applies is 0, i.e. Pr=0；Since optical fiber is finally in optical cable
It is middle to be wrapped up by fiber paste, P is considered hererJust there is a constant initial value to remove under normal circumstances when the external world does not scramble dynamic
Perpendicular to the mechanical wave of optical fiber incidence, the mechanical wave (sound wave, disturbance etc.) in remaining direction can be broken into it is radial with it is axial
Two components only consider the situation that Hooke's law is set up, also, after external force removes, optical fiber structure in following emulation
Part can bounce back into original length, will not generating material fatigue and permanent deformation.
The phse sensitivity of optical fiber is defined as shown in formula (11):
The phse sensitivity of optical fiber is higher, applies specific loading in unit length, and obtained phase changing capacity is bigger.
Assuming that being 4 × 10 to the axial stress that sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber shown in FIG. 1 applies4Pa, radial stress be 1 ×
104Pa, if fiber core 1 is identical with the Young's modulus E of fibre cladding 2, the Poisson's ratio μ of material, E=72GPa, μ=
0.17, the absolute value of phse sensitivity is 0.465, using this value as a reference value, after the structure of optical fiber changes, spirit
The absolute value of sensitivity needs to be more than that this value is only effectively.Meanwhile in following emulation, the leading feelings of axial stress are assumed
Condition is that the axial stress applied is 4 × 104Pa, radial stress are 1 × 104Pa, the leading situation of radial stress are to apply
Axial stress is 1 × 104Pa, radial stress are 4 × 104Pa。
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures, cross-section structure such as Fig. 2
Shown, the cladding structure including fiber core 1 and package fiber core 1, the cladding structure outer surface is coated with optical fiber coating
Layer 3 coats Soft Roll layer material to the cladding structure, so that the Young's modulus of cladding structure is less than the Young mould of fiber core 1
Amount；Specifically, the cladding structure includes the inner cladding 4-1 for wrapping up fiber core 1, the Soft Roll layer material is coated on inner cladding
The outer surface 4-1, optical fiber coating 3 are located at soft pack layer outer surface, and coated Soft Roll layer material is formed such as in the present embodiment
Surrounding layer 4-2 shown in Fig. 2, the Soft Roll layer material can be the high molecular materials such as acrylic resin or silicon rubber；
Fiber core 1, inner cladding 4-1 and tri- layers of surrounding layer 4-2 of radius in optical fiber fixed first, choose optimal Young
Modulus；Then the dimensioning of optimal fiber core 1, inner cladding 4-1 and surrounding layer 4-2 are chosen after determining Young's modulus
It is very little, it should be noted that when surrounding layer 4-2 uses high molecular material, Young's modulus can be reduced to 5GPa hereinafter, following imitative
In very unless otherwise specified, the radius of fixed fiber core 1 is 4.5 μm, and the radius of surrounding layer 4-2 is 62.5 μm and remains unchanged,
And the material of fiber core 1 does not change, E1=72GPa, μ1=0.17, μ2=0.16, μ3=0.15.
The present embodiment is emulated in fiber core 1, inner cladding 4-1 and constant surrounding layer 4-2 radius first, if r2For
35 μm, it is illustrated in figure 6 the Young's modulus of inner cladding 4-1 and the Young's modulus of surrounding layer 4-2 in the case that axial stress is dominated
With the relationship of fiber phase sensitivity, be illustrated in figure 7 radial stress it is leading in the case where the Young's modulus of inner cladding 4-1 and outer
The Young's modulus of covering 4-2 and the relationship of fiber phase sensitivity, when the Young's modulus of inner cladding 4-1 is 72GPa, surrounding layer 4-
2 Young's modulus are reduced to 5GPa from 72GPa, and when axial stress is dominated, phse sensitivity can be improved 1.88 times, and radial stress is leading
When, phse sensitivity can be improved 0.63 times.Comprehensive two figures are it is found that the Young's modulus of two coverings is the smaller the better；If surrounding layer
The Young's modulus of 4-2 is smaller than inner cladding 4-1, then available higher phse sensitivity.
Emulation above discusses the value rule of each layer of Young's modulus, it is contemplated that actual conditions, as inner cladding 4-1
High molecular material is used to reduce and will increase fibre loss when its Young's modulus, therefore the fixed inner cladding 4-1 of following emulation is used
Young's modulus is the quartz material of 72GPa, after surrounding layer 4-2 uses high molecular material, considers each layer of radius for last
The influence of the phse sensitivity of solution.
Assuming that E2=72GPa, E3=5GPa considers that inner cladding 4-1 radius is respectively 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm and 62.5 μm
Situation, the phse sensitivity that emulation obtains 4 kinds of optical fiber structures are as shown in table 1 below.Such as Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 the result shows that, in such case
Under, the radius of inner cladding 4-1 is the smaller the better, i.e. the smaller part of Young's modulus is thicker, and obtained phse sensitivity is higher.
Table one
| Inner cladding diameter | 20μm | 30μm | 40μm | 62.5μm |
| Phse sensitivity when axial stress is leading, as shown in Figure 8 | 2.9996 | 1.7229 | 1.0709 | 0.4672 |
| Phse sensitivity when radial stress is leading, as shown in Figure 9 | 1.5353 | 1.2076 | 0.9973 | 0.6969 |
By examples detailed above analyze it is found that reduce fibre cladding Young's modulus can significantly improve optical fiber sound wave it is sensitive
Degree, i.e., the sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures, which can be used as, improves optical fiber distributed type acoustic wave sensing system
Phse sensitivity effective means.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment difference from example 1 is that: softening is doped to the cladding structure, so that covering knot
The Young's modulus of structure is less than the Young's modulus of fiber core, specifically, the cladding structure is more cladding structures 4, fiber core 1
For silica glass material, softening is doped to more 4 materials of cladding structure, its Young's modulus is made to be less than quartz glass material
Material, more cladding structures 2 include but is not limited to the surrounding layer for wrapping up the inner cladding 4-1 and package inner cladding 4-1 of fiber core 1
4-2, for the present embodiment by taking double-clad structure as an example, optical fiber coating 3 is located at the outer surface surrounding layer 4-2, the surrounding layer 4-2 material
Young's modulus be less than fiber core 1 Young's modulus；The clad material of existing fiber is silica, to the surrounding layer 4-
2 are doped and are doped to earth silicon material, its Young's modulus is made to be less than fiber core 1 i.e. silica glass material, and
The radius of the surrounding layer 4-2 is greater than inner cladding 4-1 radius.
The above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, are not intended to limit the invention, patent protection model of the invention
It encloses and is subject to claims, it is all to change with equivalent structure made by specification and accompanying drawing content of the invention, similarly
It should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures, including fiber core (1) and package optical fiber fibre
The cladding structure of core (1), the cladding structure outer surface are coated with optical fiber coating (3), it is characterised in that: to the covering knot
Structure is doped softening or coating Soft Roll layer material, so that the Young's modulus of cladding structure is less than the Young mould of fiber core (1)
Amount.
2. a kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the cladding structure includes the inner cladding (4-1) of package fiber core (1), and the Soft Roll layer material is coated on inner cladding (4-
1) outer surface, optical fiber coating (3) are located at soft pack layer outer surface, and the Soft Roll layer material is soft high molecular material.
3. a kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the cladding structure is more cladding structures (4), and fiber core (1) is silica glass material, to more cladding structures (4)
Material is doped softening, its Young's modulus is made to be less than silica glass material.
4. a kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures according to claim 3, feature exist
In: more cladding structures (2) include but is not limited to the inner cladding (4-1) and package inner cladding (4-1) for wrapping up fiber core (1)
Surrounding layer (4-2), optical fiber coating (3) is located at the outer surface surrounding layer (4-2), the Young mould of surrounding layer (4-2) material
Amount is less than the Young's modulus of fiber core (1).
5. a kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures according to claim 4, feature exist
In: the radius of the surrounding layer (4-2) is greater than inner cladding (4-1) radius.
6. a kind of sound wave enhanced sensitivity optical fiber based on covering softening and more cladding structures according to claim 4 or 5, feature
Be: surrounding layer (4-2) material is soft high molecular material, and Young's modulus is significantly less than silica glass material.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN110849463A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-02-28 | 武汉理工大学 | Underwater sound sensing optical cable and sensitivity enhancing coating method thereof |
| CN112504306A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-16 | 电子科技大学 | Close-wound optical fiber type hypersensitive oil well sensing optical cable |
| CN112582098A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-30 | 江苏亨通海洋光网系统有限公司 | Armored detection integrated photoelectric composite cable |
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| CN110849463A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-02-28 | 武汉理工大学 | Underwater sound sensing optical cable and sensitivity enhancing coating method thereof |
| CN110849463B (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2021-11-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Underwater sound sensing optical cable and sensitivity enhancing coating method thereof |
| CN112504306A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-16 | 电子科技大学 | Close-wound optical fiber type hypersensitive oil well sensing optical cable |
| CN112582098A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-30 | 江苏亨通海洋光网系统有限公司 | Armored detection integrated photoelectric composite cable |
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