CN110044953B - Experimental device for boiling critical heat flow under supergravity - Google Patents
Experimental device for boiling critical heat flow under supergravity Download PDFInfo
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- CN110044953B CN110044953B CN201910231603.5A CN201910231603A CN110044953B CN 110044953 B CN110044953 B CN 110044953B CN 201910231603 A CN201910231603 A CN 201910231603A CN 110044953 B CN110044953 B CN 110044953B
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a critical heat flow experimental device for flowing boiling under supergravity, which is mainly used for measuring the critical heat flow density of the flowing boiling under supergravity. The supergravity of different sizes and directions is realized by adjusting the frequency of the motor and the arrangement mode of the experimental pipeline. The experiment pipeline is heated in a direct electrifying mode, the system pressure is regulated and controlled through a heater in the liquid storage tank, and the flow is regulated and controlled through a pump. In the experiment, when the pressure, the flow, the dryness or the temperature reach set values, the heating power of the experiment pipeline is slowly increased until CHF is reached, the electric heating is cut off, then the supergravity is increased, and the experiment is repeated. The method realizes accurate measurement of the flowing boiling CHF under the hypergravity, can obtain the CHF and the corresponding temperature thereof under different hypergravity sizes and directions, and can be used for exploring the generation mechanism of the CHF under the hypergravity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aircraft environment control, relates to the problems of phase change heat exchange, dryness and the like, and particularly relates to a flowing boiling critical heat flow experimental device under supergravity.
Background
With the increasing heat load of modern high-performance fighter electronic equipment, the traditional air circulation refrigeration technology cannot meet the cooling requirement of the electronic equipment. Flow boiling is an effective way to solve this problem as a phase change heat transfer technique. Since many maneuvers of a warplane are under hypergravity, for example, the normal flight overload of a fourth generation aircraft is 9g, and the normal flight overload of a hypersonic aircraft can reach 15g in the future, the demand for a boiling technique under hypergravity is provided. Critical heat flow density (CHF) is an important issue in flow boiling. When critical heat flow occurs, heat transfer is rapidly deteriorated, which leads to rapid rise in wall temperature and even burnout. The temperature rise also means a reduction in the reliability of the electronic equipment, which is very detrimental to the effectiveness and safety of the warplane. Thus, there is a need to develop a flow boiling CHF study under hypergravity.
Existing studies have shown that gravity has a significant effect on the boiling characteristics of the flow in the tube. The article (H. Ohta, S. Baba, building experiments under microorganisation conditions, exp. Heat Transfer, 26 (2013) 266-. The article (H.Zhang, I.Mudawar, M.M. Hasan, Application of flow wiring for thermal management of electronics in microorganisms and reduced-gradient space systems, IEEE traces, Compons. Packag. Technol., 32 (2009) 466-) 477.) shows that there are various flow regimes such as wavy flow, bubbly flow and laminar flow when CHF occurs under normal gravity, while only wavy flow under microgravity is simpler than under normal gravity. It follows that flowing boiling CHF under hypergravity will be significantly different from that under normal gravity, with its special laws. At present, the research on the flowing boiling under the hypergravity is still in the starting stage, the CHF is accurately measured, and the research on the CHF generating mechanism is necessary and has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of critical heat flow of flowing boiling under the condition of supergravity and provides a feasible CHF experimental measuring device.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a boiling critical heat flow experimental facility under the hypergravity comprises a fluid circulation module, a critical heat flow measuring module and a hypergravity simulation platform;
the fluid circulation module comprises a liquid storage tank, a subcooler, a filter, a pump, a flowmeter, a preheating pipeline, an experimental pipeline, a condenser, a valve, a liquid level meter, a heater, a direct-current power supply of the preheating pipeline, a heating wire, a direct-current power supply of the experimental pipeline, a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a first pressure sensor, a first thermocouple, a second pressure sensor, a second thermocouple, a differential pressure sensor, a third thermocouple, a fourth thermocouple and a third pressure sensor;
the outlet of the liquid storage tank, the subcooler, the filter and the inlet of the pump are connected in sequence through pipelines; the outlet of the pump, the flowmeter, the preheating pipeline, the experimental pipeline, the condenser, the valve and the inlet of the liquid storage tank are connected in sequence through pipelines;
the first pressure sensor and the first thermocouple are arranged at the inlet of the preheating pipeline and are respectively used for detecting the pressure and the temperature of fluid at the inlet of the preheating pipeline; the second pressure sensor and the second thermocouple are arranged at the inlet of the experiment pipeline and are respectively used for detecting the pressure and the temperature of fluid at the inlet of the experiment pipeline; the third thermocouple is arranged at the outlet of the experimental pipeline and is used for detecting the temperature of fluid at the outlet of the experimental pipeline; the fourth thermocouple is arranged at the outlet of the condenser and is used for detecting the temperature of the fluid at the outlet of the condenser; the liquid level meter and the third pressure sensor are arranged on the liquid storage tank and are respectively used for detecting the liquid level and the pressure of fluid in the liquid storage tank; the heater is arranged on the liquid storage tank and used for heating the fluid in the liquid storage tank and adjusting the pressure of the fluid; the pressure difference sensor is used for detecting the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the fluid at the experimental pipeline;
the preheating pipeline is made of heat conducting materials; the heating wire is wound on the preheating pipeline, and two ends of the heating wire are respectively connected with the direct-current power supply of the preheating pipeline and used for preheating fluid in the preheating pipeline;
the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively arranged at two ends of the experiment pipeline, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively connected with the direct current power supply of the experiment pipeline and used for heating the experiment pipeline and enabling the fluid in the experiment pipeline to generate a critical heat flow phenomenon;
the critical heat flow measuring module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors, a first infrared thermal imager and a second infrared thermal imager;
the temperature sensors are arranged on the experimental pipeline and used for detecting the temperature change of the outer wall of the experimental pipeline so as to judge whether a critical heat flow phenomenon occurs or not;
the first infrared thermal imager and the second infrared thermal imager are arranged on two sides of the tail end of the experiment pipeline and used for detecting temperature fields of outer wall surfaces on two sides of the tail end of the experiment pipeline so as to make up the defect of discontinuous temperature measurement of the temperature sensor;
the fluid circulation module is arranged on the hypergravity simulation platform;
the hypergravity simulation platform adopts a centrifugal rotating device and is used for providing centrifugal force for fluid in the experiment pipeline so as to simulate the flow of the fluid under hypergravity.
As a further optimization scheme of the boiling critical heat flow experimental device under the hypergravity, the hypergravity simulation platform comprises a rotary table, a bearing shaft, an electric brush, a conductive disc, a shell, a power supply module, a gear box and a motor;
the gear box is arranged in the shell, and an input shaft of the motor extends into the shell and is connected with an input end of the gear box; the bearing shaft is vertically arranged, one end of the bearing shaft is connected with the output end of the gear box, and the other end of the bearing shaft extends out of the shell and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the center of the turntable;
the conductive disc is annular, is made of metal, is sleeved outside the bearing shaft between the rotary disc and the shell and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the bearing shaft;
the turntable is provided with a through hole for a lead to pass through; the power supply module is arranged on the upper end face of the rotary disc and is electrically connected with the conductive disc through a lead penetrating through a through hole in the rotary disc; the electric brush is arranged on the shell, is connected with an external power supply and is used for being matched with the conductive disc and transmitting external power to the power supply module;
the fluid circulation module is fixed on the turntable.
As a further optimized scheme of the experimental device for boiling critical heat flow under hypergravity, the experimental pipeline is fixed on the turntable, so that various angles can be formed between the flowing direction of fluid in the experimental pipeline and the centrifugal force direction generated by the turntable on the experimental pipeline, and the angles are typically 0 degree, 90 degrees and 180 degrees.
As a further optimization scheme of the boiling critical heat flow experimental device under the hypergravity, a straight line where a rotating shaft of the pump is located is vertically intersected with an axis of the turntable, and the liquid storage tank and the flowmeter are fixed in the center of the turntable.
As a further optimization scheme of the boiling critical heat flow experimental device under the super-gravity, the temperature sensors on the experimental pipeline are arranged along the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the experimental pipeline, and the temperature sensors in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the experimental pipeline along the movement direction of the fluid in the experimental pipeline are arranged in a sparse and dense mode.
As a further optimization scheme of the boiling critical heat flow experimental device under the hypergravity, the experimental pipeline adopts a metal pipe.
As a further optimization scheme of the boiling critical heat flow experimental device under the super-gravity, the experimental pipeline adopts a transparent organic glass pipe, the inner wall or the outer wall of the experimental pipeline is provided with a heating film, and two ends of the heating film are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
the method realizes accurate measurement of the flowing boiling CHF under the hypergravity, can obtain the CHF under different hypergravity sizes and directions and corresponding temperature values and temperature fields, and can be used for exploring the generation mechanism of the CHF under the hypergravity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fluid circulation module according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hypergravity simulation platform according to the present invention;
fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are schematic layout positions of a temperature sensor and two infrared thermal imagers on an experimental pipeline according to the present invention, respectively;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the experimental pipeline layout on the turntable according to the present invention.
The label names in the figure: 1-a rotating disc, 2-a bearing shaft, 3-a motor, 4-a gear box, 5-an electric brush, 6-a liquid storage tank, 7-a subcooler, 8-a filter, 9-a pump, 10-a flowmeter, 11-a preheating pipeline, 12-an experimental pipeline, 13-a condenser, 14-a liquid level meter, 15-a heater, 16-a preheating pipeline direct current power supply, 17-a heating wire, 18-an experimental pipeline direct current power supply, 19-a negative electrode, 20-a positive electrode, 21-a valve, 22-a third pressure sensor, 23-a first pressure sensor, 24-a first thermocouple, 25-a second pressure sensor, 26-a second thermocouple, 27-a differential pressure sensor, 28-a third thermocouple and 29-a fourth thermocouple, 30-a first infrared thermal imager, 31-a second infrared thermal imager.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:
the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, components are exaggerated for clarity.
The invention discloses a boiling critical heat flow experimental device under the condition of supergravity, which comprises a fluid circulation module, a critical heat flow measuring module and a supergravity simulation platform.
As shown in fig. 1, the fluid circulation module comprises a liquid storage tank, a subcooler, a filter, a pump, a flow meter, a preheating pipeline, an experimental pipeline, a condenser, a valve, a liquid level meter, a heater, a preheating pipeline direct current power supply, a heating wire, an experimental pipeline direct current power supply, a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a first pressure sensor, a first thermocouple, a second pressure sensor, a second thermocouple, a differential pressure sensor, a third thermocouple, a fourth thermocouple and a third pressure sensor;
the outlet of the liquid storage tank, the subcooler, the filter and the inlet of the pump are connected in sequence through pipelines; the outlet of the pump, the flowmeter, the preheating pipeline, the experimental pipeline, the condenser, the valve and the inlet of the liquid storage tank are connected in sequence through pipelines;
the first pressure sensor and the first thermocouple are arranged at the inlet of the preheating pipeline and are respectively used for detecting the pressure and the temperature of fluid at the inlet of the preheating pipeline; the second pressure sensor and the second thermocouple are arranged at the inlet of the experiment pipeline and are respectively used for detecting the pressure and the temperature of fluid at the inlet of the experiment pipeline; the third thermocouple is arranged at the outlet of the experimental pipeline and is used for detecting the temperature of fluid at the outlet of the experimental pipeline; the fourth thermocouple is arranged at the outlet of the condenser and is used for detecting the temperature of the fluid at the outlet of the condenser; the liquid level meter and the third pressure sensor are arranged on the liquid storage tank and are respectively used for detecting the liquid level and the pressure of fluid in the liquid storage tank; the heater is arranged on the liquid storage tank and used for heating the fluid in the liquid storage tank and adjusting the pressure of the fluid; the pressure difference sensor is used for detecting the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the fluid at the experimental pipeline;
the preheating pipeline is made of heat conducting materials; the heating wire is wound on the preheating pipeline, and two ends of the heating wire are respectively connected with the direct-current power supply of the preheating pipeline and used for preheating fluid in the preheating pipeline;
the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively arranged at two ends of the experiment pipeline, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively connected with the direct current power supply of the experiment pipeline and used for heating the experiment pipeline and enabling the fluid in the experiment pipeline to generate a critical heat flow phenomenon;
the critical heat flow measuring module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors, a first infrared thermal imager and a second infrared thermal imager;
the temperature sensors are arranged on the experimental pipeline and used for detecting the temperature change of the outer wall of the experimental pipeline so as to judge whether a critical heat flow phenomenon occurs or not;
the first infrared thermal imager and the second infrared thermal imager are arranged on two sides of the tail end of the experiment pipeline and used for detecting temperature fields of outer wall surfaces on two sides of the tail end of the experiment pipeline so as to make up the defect of discontinuous temperature measurement of the temperature sensor.
The fluid circulation module is arranged on the hypergravity simulation platform.
The hypergravity simulation platform adopts a centrifugal rotating device and is used for providing centrifugal force for fluid in the experiment pipeline so as to simulate the flow of the fluid under hypergravity.
The experimental pipeline can adopt a metal copper pipe or an aluminum pipe and can also adopt a transparent organic glass pipe, when the transparent organic glass pipe is adopted, a heating film is arranged on the inner wall or the outer wall of the experimental pipeline, and two ends of the heating film are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
As shown in fig. 2, the supergravity simulation platform includes a turntable, a bearing shaft, an electric brush, a conductive disc, a housing, a power module, a gear box, and a motor;
the gear box is arranged in the shell, and an input shaft of the motor extends into the shell and is connected with an input end of the gear box; the bearing shaft is vertically arranged, one end of the bearing shaft is connected with the output end of the gear box, and the other end of the bearing shaft extends out of the shell and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the center of the turntable;
the conductive disc is annular, is made of metal, is sleeved outside the bearing shaft between the rotary disc and the shell and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the bearing shaft;
the turntable is provided with a through hole for a lead to pass through; the power supply module is arranged on the upper end face of the rotary disc and is electrically connected with the conductive disc through a lead penetrating through a through hole in the rotary disc; the electric brush is arranged on the shell, is connected with an external power supply and is used for being matched with the conductive disc and transmitting external power to the power supply module;
the fluid circulation module is fixed on the turntable.
The supergravity of different sizes and directions is realized through adjusting motor and experiment pipeline arrangement mode, supplies power for the equipment on the carousel through the brush.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the fluid circulation module, fluid is pumped out of the bottom of the liquid storage tank, passes through a cooler, a filter, a gear pump and a flow meter, and enters a preheating pipeline in a supercooled state. The fluid is heated to a certain dryness or temperature in the preheating pipeline and enters the experimental pipeline. After being heated again in the experimental pipeline, the liquid is changed into supercooled liquid through a condenser and flows back to the liquid storage tank. The preheating pipeline adopts a heating mode of electrifying uniformly wound heating wires, and the experiment pipeline adopts a heating mode of directly electrifying. The pressure of the system is controlled by adjusting a cartridge heater installed in the liquid storage tank, and the flow rate is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the pump.
During the experiment, the pressure and the flow of the system are adjusted to reach set values, then the dryness or the temperature of the inlet of the experiment pipeline is adjusted by adjusting the heating power of the preheating pipeline, when the conditions reach the set values, the heating power of the experiment pipeline is adjusted to slowly rise until CHF is reached, and the electric heating is cut off; then the rotating speed of the turntable is adjusted to enable the hypergravity to be uniformly increased to a set value at certain intervals, and the first step is repeated under each set hypergravity.
As shown in fig. 3 (a), a plurality of temperature sensors are disposed on the experimental pipe for monitoring the wall surface temperature and determining the occurrence of CHF. The closer to the outlet position, the more densely the thermocouples are arranged axially and circumferentially. In addition, as shown in fig. 3 (b), the first and second infrared thermal imaging cameras are assisted at the tail end of the experimental pipeline to monitor the temperature field of the outer wall surface of the experimental pipeline in real time.
As shown in FIG. 4, the experimental pipeline has various arrangement modes on the hypergravity simulation platform, and is used for simulating the hypergravity of the fighter plane under different flight actions. Thus, various relationships (angles) between the fluid flow direction and the centrifugal force direction can be formedθ) E.g. in the same direction (θ=0 degree, perpendicular (θ=90 degree, reverse direction (θ=180°）。
When the equipment of the fluid circulation module is installed on the turntable, the balance of the turntable and the influence of centrifugal force on the equipment need to be considered. Therefore, the straight line of the rotating shaft of the pump is vertically intersected with the axis of the turntable, the liquid storage tank and the flowmeter are fixed at the center of the turntable, the balance weight is balanced before the turntable rotates, and the equipment on the turntable is remotely controlled through a wireless network during rotation.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A boiling critical heat flow experimental facility under the hypergravity is characterized by comprising a fluid circulation module, a critical heat flow measuring module and a hypergravity simulation platform;
the fluid circulation module comprises a liquid storage tank, a subcooler, a filter, a pump, a flowmeter, a preheating pipeline, an experimental pipeline, a condenser, a valve, a liquid level meter, a heater, a direct-current power supply of the preheating pipeline, a heating wire, a direct-current power supply of the experimental pipeline, a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a first pressure sensor, a first thermocouple, a second pressure sensor, a second thermocouple, a differential pressure sensor, a third thermocouple, a fourth thermocouple and a third pressure sensor;
the outlet of the liquid storage tank, the subcooler, the filter and the inlet of the pump are connected in sequence through pipelines; the outlet of the pump, the flowmeter, the preheating pipeline, the experimental pipeline, the condenser, the valve and the inlet of the liquid storage tank are connected in sequence through pipelines;
the first pressure sensor and the first thermocouple are arranged at the inlet of the preheating pipeline and are respectively used for detecting the pressure and the temperature of fluid at the inlet of the preheating pipeline; the second pressure sensor and the second thermocouple are arranged at the inlet of the experiment pipeline and are respectively used for detecting the pressure and the temperature of fluid at the inlet of the experiment pipeline; the third thermocouple is arranged at the outlet of the experimental pipeline and is used for detecting the temperature of fluid at the outlet of the experimental pipeline; the fourth thermocouple is arranged at the outlet of the condenser and is used for detecting the temperature of the fluid at the outlet of the condenser; the liquid level meter and the third pressure sensor are arranged on the liquid storage tank and are respectively used for detecting the liquid level and the pressure of fluid in the liquid storage tank; the heater is arranged on the liquid storage tank and used for heating the fluid in the liquid storage tank and adjusting the pressure of the fluid; the pressure difference sensor is used for detecting the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the fluid at the experimental pipeline;
the preheating pipeline is made of heat conducting materials; the heating wire is wound on the preheating pipeline, and two ends of the heating wire are respectively connected with the direct-current power supply of the preheating pipeline and used for preheating fluid in the preheating pipeline;
the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively arranged at two ends of the experiment pipeline, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively connected with the direct current power supply of the experiment pipeline and used for heating the experiment pipeline and enabling the fluid in the experiment pipeline to generate a critical heat flow phenomenon;
the critical heat flow measuring module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors, a first infrared thermal imager and a second infrared thermal imager;
the temperature sensors are arranged on the experimental pipeline and used for detecting the temperature change of the outer wall of the experimental pipeline so as to judge whether a critical heat flow phenomenon occurs or not;
the first infrared thermal imager and the second infrared thermal imager are arranged on two sides of the tail end of the experiment pipeline and used for detecting temperature fields of outer wall surfaces on two sides of the tail end of the experiment pipeline so as to make up the defect of discontinuous temperature measurement of the temperature sensor;
the fluid circulation module is arranged on the hypergravity simulation platform;
the hypergravity simulation platform adopts a centrifugal rotating device and is used for providing centrifugal force for the fluid in the experiment pipeline so as to simulate the flow of the fluid under hypergravity;
the supergravity simulation platform comprises a turntable, a bearing shaft, an electric brush, a conductive disc, a shell, a power supply module, a gear box and a motor;
the gear box is arranged in the shell, and an input shaft of the motor extends into the shell and is connected with an input end of the gear box; the bearing shaft is vertically arranged, one end of the bearing shaft is connected with the output end of the gear box, and the other end of the bearing shaft extends out of the shell and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the center of the turntable;
the conductive disc is annular, is made of metal, is sleeved outside the bearing shaft between the rotary disc and the shell and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the bearing shaft;
the turntable is provided with a through hole for a lead to pass through; the power supply module is arranged on the upper end face of the rotary disc and is electrically connected with the conductive disc through a lead penetrating through a through hole in the rotary disc; the electric brush is arranged on the shell, is connected with an external power supply and is used for being matched with the conductive disc and transmitting external power to the power supply module;
the fluid circulation module is fixed on the turntable;
the straight line of the rotating shaft of the pump is vertically intersected with the axis of the turntable, and the liquid storage tank and the flowmeter are fixed in the center of the turntable.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the experimental pipe is fixed on the turntable, and the angle between the flow direction of the fluid in the experimental pipe and the centrifugal force generated by the turntable on the experimental pipe is any one of 0 °, 90 ° and 180 °.
3. The experimental device for boiling critical heat flow under hypergravity according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature sensors on the experimental pipeline are arranged along the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the experimental pipeline, and the temperature sensors along the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the experimental pipeline along the movement direction of the fluid in the experimental pipeline are both arranged sparsely and densely.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the experimental pipeline is a metal pipe.
5. The experimental device for boiling critical heat flow under hypergravity according to claim 1, characterized in that the experimental pipeline is a transparent organic glass tube, a heating film is arranged on the inner wall or the outer wall of the experimental pipeline, and two ends of the heating film are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
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