CN110043614B - Array type epicyclic gear train mechanism and transmission - Google Patents
Array type epicyclic gear train mechanism and transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN110043614B CN110043614B CN201910432401.7A CN201910432401A CN110043614B CN 110043614 B CN110043614 B CN 110043614B CN 201910432401 A CN201910432401 A CN 201910432401A CN 110043614 B CN110043614 B CN 110043614B
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- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
- F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
- F16H3/52—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears
- F16H3/56—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears both central gears being sun gears
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of mechanical transmission, and discloses an array type epicyclic gear train mechanism and a transmission, wherein the array type epicyclic gear train mechanism comprises: the first sun gear and the second sun gear are coaxially arranged; a plurality of first and second planetary gears, the first planetary gear being in mesh with the first and second sun gears, the second planetary gear being in mesh with the second sun gear and the first planetary gear; the two sides of each first planet wheel are respectively meshed with different second planet wheels, and the two sides of each second planet wheel are respectively meshed with different first planet wheels. The array epicyclic train mechanism can lead the stress of the first planet wheel and the second planet wheel to be more balanced and smaller, reduce the tooth surface abrasion and noise of the first planet wheel and the second planet wheel, and lead the bearing capacity of the epicyclic train mechanism to be higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mechanical transmission, in particular to an array epicyclic gear train mechanism and a transmission.
Background
An epicyclic gear train mechanism refers to a mechanism in which the geometric axis of at least one gear in the gear train is not fixed in position but rotates around the fixed axis of the other gear during transmission. The epicyclic train mechanism comprises a sun gear and more than two groups of planet gears, as shown in fig. 1, the epicyclic train mechanism comprises two sun gears and two rows of planet gears, wherein the two sun gears are respectively a first sun gear 1 and a second sun gear 4, the first sun gear 1 and the second sun gear 4 are coaxially arranged and can rotate independently, the two rows of planet gears comprise a first planet gear 3 and a second planet gear 2, the second planet gear 3 is a short planet gear, the first planet gear 2 is a long planet gear, and the second planet gear 3 and the first planet gear 2 share a planet carrier 5. Wherein the first planet wheel 2 is meshed with the second sun wheel 4 and the second planet wheel 3 respectively, and the second planet wheel 3 is meshed with the second planet wheel 2 and the first sun wheel 1. The epicyclic train mechanism has compact structure, can be used as an output structure by a sun gear and a planet carrier 5, and is widely applied to the field of speed variators.
A double row planetary gear arrangement without a ring gear similar to the epicyclic gearing arrangement shown in fig. 1 is also disclosed in the patent No. ZL201611103693.2 entitled dry friction externally controlled gearless transmission.
However, in the process of realizing the invention, the inventor finds that the existing epicyclic gear train mechanism and the double-row planetary gear structure without the gear ring in the patent ZL201611103693.2 have the problems of large gear noise, lower bearing capacity and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, a new epicyclic gear train mechanism is needed to be provided for solving the technical problems of high gear noise and low bearing capacity of the existing epicyclic gear train mechanism.
To achieve the above object, the present inventors provide an array type epicyclic gear train mechanism comprising:
the first sun gear and the second sun gear are coaxially arranged and can rotate independently;
the first planet wheel and the second planet wheel are respectively rotatably arranged on the planet carrier, the first planet wheel is meshed with the first sun wheel and the second planet wheel, and the second planet wheel is meshed with the second sun wheel and the first planet wheel;
the planetary gear transmission mechanism comprises a plurality of first planetary gears and second planetary gears, wherein two sides of each first planetary gear are respectively meshed with different second planetary gears, and two sides of each second planetary gear are respectively meshed with different first planetary gears.
Further, the diameters and the number of teeth of the first sun gear and the second planet gear are the same, and the diameters and the number of teeth of the second sun gear and the first planet gear are the same.
Further, the number of the first planet gears and the number of the second planet gears are three respectively.
Further, the first sun gear and the second sun gear are coaxially arranged through a sleeve shaft assembly, the sleeve shaft assembly comprises a central shaft and a sleeve shaft sleeved on the periphery of the central shaft, the central shaft is connected with the first sun gear, and the sleeve shaft is connected with the second sun gear.
Further, the first planet wheel and the second planet wheel are rotatably arranged on the planet carrier through needle bearings respectively.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides another technical scheme:
the transmission comprises an epicyclic train mechanism, wherein the epicyclic train mechanism is the epicyclic train mechanism according to any one of the technical schemes, the first sun gear or the second sun gear is a transmission power input end and a transmission control end, and the planet carrier is a transmission power output end.
Further, at least comprises a first gear and a second gear;
in first gear, the first sun gear is a power input part, the second sun gear is braked, the planet carrier is a power output part, the planet wheel rotates around the second sun gear, or the second sun gear is a power input part, the first sun gear is braked, the planet carrier is a power output part, and the planet wheel rotates around the first sun gear;
in second gear, the first sun gear or the second sun gear is a power input piece, the planet carrier is a power output piece, the first sun gear or the second sun gear is combined with the planet carrier, and the first sun gear, the second sun gear and the planet carrier synchronously rotate.
Further, the transmission is of an electric automobile, the input end of the transmission is connected with a driving motor of the electric automobile, and the output end of the transmission is connected with a transmission shaft of the electric automobile.
In the array epicyclic train mechanism, the two sides of each first planet wheel are respectively meshed with different second planet wheels, and the two sides of each second planet wheel are respectively meshed with different first planet wheels, so that an array structure is formed, the stress of the first planet wheels and the second planet wheels is more balanced and smaller, the noise of the first planet wheels and the noise of the second planet wheels are reduced, and the bearing capacity of the epicyclic train mechanism is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an epicyclic gear train mechanism of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a planetary array epicyclic gear train mechanism of embodiment 3;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a force analysis of a first planet in an array epicyclic train according to embodiments;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a force analysis of a first planetary gear in an epicyclic train according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a planetary array epicyclic gear train mechanism of embodiment 4;
reference numerals illustrate:
1. a first sun gear;
2. a first planet;
3. a second planet wheel;
4. a second sun gear;
5. a planet carrier;
Detailed Description
In order to describe the technical content, constructional features, achieved objects and effects of the technical solution in detail, the following description is made in connection with the specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 2 to 5, the present embodiment provides an array epicyclic gear train mechanism. As shown in fig. 2, the array epicyclic gear train mechanism includes a first sun gear 1, a second sun gear 4, a first planet gear 2, a second planet gear 3 and a planet carrier 5. The first sun gear 1 and the second sun gear 4 of the array epicyclic gear train mechanism are coaxially arranged (i.e. the first sun gear 1 and the second sun gear 4 are located on the same straight line in tandem), and the first sun gear 1 and the second sun gear 4 are mutually independently rotated, wherein the first sun gear 1 can be a large sun gear, and the second sun gear 4 can be a small sun gear, i.e. the diameter of the first sun gear 1 is larger than the diameter of the second sun gear 4. The first sun gear 1 and the second sun gear 4 can be coaxially arranged through a sleeve shaft assembly, and specifically, the sleeve shaft structure comprises a central shaft and a sleeve shaft sleeved on the periphery of the central shaft, the central shaft is connected with the first sun gear 1, and the sleeve shaft is connected with the second sun gear 4. The first sun gear 1 and the second sun gear 4 are coaxially arranged through the sleeve shaft assembly, so that the epicyclic gear train mechanism is more compact in structure.
The first planet wheel 2 and the second planet wheel 3 are respectively rotatably arranged on the planet carrier 5, the first planet wheel 2 is meshed with the first sun wheel 1 and the second planet wheel 3, and the second planet wheel 3 is meshed with the second sun wheel 4 and the first planet wheel 2. The first planetary gear 2 may be a long planetary gear, the second planetary gear 3 may be a short planetary gear, the first planetary gear 2 and the second planetary gear 3 may be multiple, and the multiple first planetary gears 2 and the same number of the second planetary gears 3 may be uniformly distributed along the first sun gear 1 and the second sun gear 4, that is, an array epicyclic gear train mechanism is realized, where the array epicyclic gear train mechanism refers to that the first planetary gear 2 and the second planetary gear 3 are sequentially meshed to form a closed ring shape. The first planetary gear 2 and the second planetary gear 3 can be connected with the planetary carrier 5 through a pin shaft and a bearing, the specific pin shaft is fixed on the planetary carrier 5, and the first planetary gear 2 and the second planetary gear 3 are respectively arranged on different pin shafts through bearings. Preferably, the bearing is a needle bearing.
As shown in fig. 2, unlike the existing epicyclic gear train mechanism or planetary gear train mechanism, in the present embodiment, the array epicyclic gear train mechanism has no ring gear, the first planetary gears 2 and the second planetary gears 3 are rotated around the first sun gear 1 or the second sun gear 4, and both sides of each first planetary gear 2 are engaged with different second planetary gears 3, respectively, and both sides of each second planetary gear 3 as such are engaged with different first planetary gears 2, respectively. As shown in fig. 2, the arrows are the rotation directions of the second sun gear 4, the first planet gears 2 and the second planet gears 3, and when the second sun gear 4 is the power input end, the second sun gear 3 of the array epicyclic gear train mechanism is forced to rotate, the second sun gear 4 rotates and drives each second planet gear 3 meshed with the second sun gear 4 to rotate, and as the two sides of each second planet gear 3 are respectively meshed with the first planet gears 2, namely, the first planet gears 2 are arranged between two adjacent second planet gears 3, and force is transmitted through the first planet gears 2, so that the stress of the second planet gears 3 is smaller. Similarly, when the first sun gear 1 is the power input end, the stress of the first planet gears 2 is smaller.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the stress analysis of the first planet 2 when the array epicyclic gear mechanism of the above embodiment works, and fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the stress analysis of the first planet 2 of the comparative embodiment (i.e. the conventional epicyclic gear mechanism).
Wherein: f (F) t12 Circumferential force for the first sun gear 1 against the first planet gears 2;
F r12 radial force for the first sun gear 1 against the first planet gears 2;
F t32 circumferential force of the second planet wheel 3 on the first planet wheel 2;
F t3'2 the circumferential force of the other second planet wheel 3 on the first planet wheel 2;
F r32 radial force of the second planet wheel 3 to the first planet wheel 2;
F r3'2 radial force of the other second planet wheel 3 to the first planet wheel 2;
F H2x the component force of the counter force on the X axis is constrained for the planet carrier 5 to the first planet wheel 2, and is an effective component force;
F H2y the component force of the counter force on the Y axis, which is a harmful component force, is constrained for the planet carrier 5 to the first planet wheel 2;
the formula is: sigma M 0 =0, where M 0 For the moment sum of the external forces at the O-point of the first planet 2 in fig. 3, it can be deduced that in the present embodiment:
whereas in the example of the patent No. ZL201611103693.2 (i.e. the existing epicyclic train mechanism): f (F) t32 ＝F t12 ；
It can be seen that in the present embodiment, when the first planet 2 is inputting the circumferential force F t12 When the circumferential force is unchanged, the output circumferential force is respectively shared by the two second planetary gears 3;
as a result of: sigma F y =0, where F y As can be seen from the combination of the external forces of the first planet 2 on the Y axis, in the present embodiment, F H2y ＝F r12 +(F t32 ) y +(F t3'2 ) y +(F r32 ) y +(F r3'2 ) y Wherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,
F H2y force is applied to the first planet wheel 2 on the Y axis;
F r12 radial component force of the first sun gear 1 to the first planet gear 2;
(F t32 ) y a circumferential component of force of the second planet wheel 3 to the first planet wheel 2;
(F t3'2 ) y a circumferential component of force for the second planet wheel 3' to the first planet wheel 2;
(F r32 ) y radial component force of the second planet wheel 3 to the first planet wheel 2;
(F r3'2 ) y radial component of the second planet wheel 3' to the first planet wheel 2;
in the examples of the patent ZL201611103693.2, F H2y ＝F r12+ (F t32 ) y+ (F r32 ) y ；
Because (F) t32 ) y And (F) t3'2 ) y Equal in size and opposite in direction, thus canceling each other;
in the present embodiment, (F) t32 ) y+ (F r3'2 ) y In examples of the patent ZL201611103693.2 (F r32 ) y Equal, therefore F in this embodiment H2y Less than F in comparative example H2y I.e. less harmful force components. As can be seen from the comparison, the array epicyclic gear train mechanism of the present embodiment can reduce the stress of the first planet gears 2 and the second planet gears 3 compared with the conventional epicyclic gear train mechanismAnd the noise is smaller, and the bearing capacity of the epicyclic gear train mechanism is higher.
As shown in fig. 2, there are three first planetary gears 2 and three second planetary gears 3, two sides of the second planetary gears 3 are meshed with the first planetary gears 2 and the first planetary gears 2 ', and the included angles between the first planetary gears 2 and the first planetary gears 2' and the second planetary gears 3 are 60 °, that is, the included angles between two adjacent first planetary gears are 120 °, so that the number of the first planetary gears 2 is three, and the three first planetary gears 2 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the first sun gear 1. Similarly, the included angle between two adjacent second planetary gears 3 is 120 degrees, the number of the second planetary gears 3 is three, and the three second planetary gears 3 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the second sun gear 4. As shown in fig. 5, in an embodiment, the number of the first planetary gears 2 and the second planetary gears 3 is four, and in other embodiments, the number of the first planetary gears 2 and the second planetary gears 3 may be more than four.
The array epicyclic gear train mechanism of the invention can realize two different transmission ratios, and the number of teeth of the first sun gear 1 is assumed to be Z 1 The number of teeth of the first planet gear 2 is Z 2 The number of teeth of the second planet wheel 3 is Z 3 The number of teeth of the second sun gear 4 is Z 4 Wherein Z is 4 <Z 1 . When the first sun gear 1 is a power input gear and the second sun gear 4 is a control gear (i.e. the second sun gear 4 is braked), the transmission ratio of the epicyclic gear train mechanism is as follows:
when the second sun gear 4 is a power input gear and the first sun gear 1 is a control gear (i.e. the first sun gear 1 is braked), the transmission ratio of the epicyclic gear train mechanism is as follows:
when the control power input wheel is combined with the carrier 5 (i.e., when the first sun gear 1 or the second sun gear 4 is combined with the carrier 5 by a clutch or the like), 1 can be achieved: 1.
In one embodiment, the number of teeth of the first sun gear 1 is equal to the number of teeth of the second planet gears 3, and the number of teeth of the second sun gear 4 is equal to the number of teeth of the first planet gears 2, i.e. Z 1 ＝Z 3 ，Z 2 ＝Z 4 . In this embodiment, due to Z 1 ＝Z 3 ，Z 2 ＝Z 4 Therefore, only two gears (not including a gear ring) are needed in the epicyclic gear train mechanism, so that the specification of the gears is greatly reduced, and the production cost of the epicyclic gear train mechanism is lower.
As shown in Table 1 below, the number of teeth Z of the first sun gear 1 in this embodiment 1 With the number of teeth Z of the second sun gear 4 4 A table of gear ratios with the epicyclic train mechanism;
TABLE 1
In other embodiments, the number of teeth of the first sun gear 1 and the number of teeth of the second planet gears 3 may be unequal, and the number of teeth of the second sun gear 4 and the number of teeth of the first planet gears 2 may be unequal, i.e. Z 1 ≠Z 4 ，Z 2 ≠Z 3 At this time, an omnidirectional array epicyclic gear train mechanism can be realized. For example, in one embodiment, the number of teeth Z of the first sun gear 1 1 Number of teeth Z of first planet gear 2 =30 2 Number of teeth Z of the second planetary gear 3 =24 3 Number of teeth Z of second sun gear 4 =25 4 =32, at which time each first planet 2 can still mesh with both second planets 3, and each second planet 3 still meshes with both first planets 2.
In another embodiment, a transmission is provided that includes an array epicyclic gear train mechanism that is the array epicyclic gear train mechanism described in the embodiments above. Wherein, the first sun gear 1 or the second sun gear 4 of the array epicyclic train mechanism is a power input end of a transmission, the planet carrier 5 is a power output end of the transmission, the transmission has two gear positions of a gear speed and a direct gear speed, when the gear speed is changed, when the first sun gear 1 is the power input end and the second sun gear 4 is a control wheel (namely, the second sun gear 4 brakes), the transmission ratio of the transmission is as follows:
when the second sun gear 4 is a power input gear and the first sun gear 1 is a control gear (i.e. the first sun gear 1 is braked), the transmission ratio of the transmission is:
the other gear is 1: the first sun gear 1 or the second sun gear 4 of the epicyclic gear train mechanism is combined with the planet carrier 5 at the time of 1 gear (namely direct gear), and the whole epicyclic gear train mechanism is equivalent to a transmission shaft, so that synchronous rotation is realized.
The transmission can also achieve neutral, when the first sun gear 1 and the second sun gear 4 are rotating, i.e. both sun gears are not braked, the output carrier 5 of the transmission has no power output, thus achieving neutral.
The transmission can be used for a transmission of an electric automobile, wherein the input end of the transmission is connected with a driving motor of the electric automobile, and the output end of the transmission is connected with a transmission shaft of the electric automobile.
It should be noted that, although the foregoing embodiments have been described herein, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, based on the innovative concepts of the present invention, alterations and modifications to the embodiments described herein, or equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations made by the present description and drawings, apply the above technical solution, directly or indirectly, to other relevant technical fields, all of which are included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An array epicyclic gear train mechanism, comprising:
the first sun gear and the second sun gear are coaxially arranged and can rotate independently;
the first planet wheel and the second planet wheel are respectively rotatably arranged on the planet carrier, the first planet wheel is meshed with the first sun wheel and the second planet wheel, and the second planet wheel is meshed with the second sun wheel and the first planet wheel;
the planetary gear transmission mechanism comprises a plurality of first planetary gears and second planetary gears, wherein two sides of each first planetary gear are respectively meshed with different second planetary gears, and two sides of each second planetary gear are respectively meshed with different first planetary gears;
the planet carrier is a power output end of the transmission;
the diameters and the teeth numbers of the first sun gear and the second planet gear are the same, and the diameters and the teeth numbers of the second sun gear and the first planet gear are the same; the number of the first planet gears and the number of the second planet gears are three respectively.
2. The array epicyclic gear train mechanism according to claim 1, wherein said first sun gear and said second sun gear are coaxially arranged by a sleeve shaft assembly comprising a central shaft and a sleeve shaft sleeved on the outer periphery of said central shaft, said central shaft being connected to said first sun gear, said sleeve shaft being connected to said second sun gear.
3. The array epicyclic gear train according to claim 1, wherein said first planet and said second planet are rotatably arranged on said planet carrier by needle bearings, respectively.
4. A transmission, comprising an epicyclic gear train mechanism, wherein the epicyclic gear train mechanism is an array epicyclic gear train mechanism according to any of claims 1 to 3, the first sun gear or the second sun gear is a transmission power input end and a transmission control end, and the planet carrier is a transmission power output end.
5. The transmission of claim 4, comprising at least two gears, first gear and second gear;
in first gear, the first sun gear is a power input part, the second sun gear is braked, the planet carrier is a power output part, the planet wheel rotates around the second sun gear, or the second sun gear is a power input part, the first sun gear is braked, the planet carrier is a power output part, and the planet wheel rotates around the first sun gear;
in second gear, the first sun gear or the second sun gear is a power input piece, the planet carrier is a power output piece, the first sun gear or the second sun gear is combined with the planet carrier, and the first sun gear, the second sun gear and the planet carrier synchronously rotate.
6. The transmission of claim 4, wherein the transmission is a transmission of an electric vehicle, an input end of the transmission is connected with a driving motor of the electric vehicle, and an output end of the transmission is connected with driving wheels of the electric vehicle.
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| CN201910432401.7A CN110043614B (en) | 2019-05-23 | 2019-05-23 | Array type epicyclic gear train mechanism and transmission |
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| CN201910432401.7A CN110043614B (en) | 2019-05-23 | 2019-05-23 | Array type epicyclic gear train mechanism and transmission |
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| CN106979285A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-07-25 | 福建万润新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of shift transmission of Double gear-ring dry friction external control three |
| CN207701696U (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-08-07 | 福建万润新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of three shift transmission of mono-tooth ring dry friction external control |
| CN108223722A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-06-29 | 山东大学 | A kind of no gear ring planetary gear speed change system and method for changing speed |
| CN210153160U (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-03-17 | 福建万润新能源科技有限公司 | Array type epicyclic gear train mechanism and transmission |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110043614A (en) | 2019-07-23 |
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