CN110042326B - Centrifugal casting stirring impeller and method - Google Patents
Centrifugal casting stirring impeller and method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/10—Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings
- B22D13/101—Moulds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a centrifugal casting stirring impeller and a method, and belongs to the technical field of impeller production. The chemical components of the impeller blade of the impeller comprise C: 2.3-3.0%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, Cr: 17-23%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Ni: 0-1.5%, Co: 0-1.0%, Cu: 0-2.0%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities; the hub comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.3-0.4%, Si: 0.6-0.9%, Mn: 0.9-1.2%, Cr: 1.8-2.2%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.035%, Ni: 1.6-2.0%, Co: 0.3-0.8%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of impeller production, and particularly relates to a centrifugally cast stirring impeller and a method.
Background
The stirring impeller comprises: mainly comprises a hub and a wheel sheet, which are high-speed stirring and uniformly mixing parts of a powder stirring machine. The working principle is as follows: the wheel hub and the wheel sheet are combined into a whole by adopting a welding or integral casting method, are assembled on a high-speed rotating shaft of a stirring machine, rotate along with the shaft, and stir, extrude and uniformly mix powder materials (such as cement, slag materials, lime, refractory materials and the like), and are mainly used for brick making machines, paving machines and the like. The diameter of the stirring impeller is 500-800 mm, the mass of the hub accounts for 80-81% of the total mass of the impeller, and the mass of the impeller sheet accounts for 19-20% of the total mass of the impeller.
The manufacturing method of the stirring impeller in China at present comprises the following modes: 1) the method is characterized in that a split method is adopted, namely, a steel plate is subjected to oxygen cutting to form a circular ring (a semi-closed circular ring cut and disconnected along the radius direction of the circular ring), the circular ring is placed in a furnace, is burnt, is placed in a special die on a press machine, is pressed into a blade, and a plurality of blades are sleeved on a cylinder and welded to form the blade. For example: patent numbers: JP54006854, publication date 1979-01-19; patent numbers: US6443040, published as 2002-19-03, both of which are substantially identical, are made by winding strip steel (or steel plate) on a cylinder.
2) The lost foam casting method is a novel casting method which comprises the steps of bonding and combining paraffin or foam models with the shape similar to that of the stirring impeller into a model cluster, coating refractory paint on the model cluster, drying the model cluster, burying the model cluster in dry quartz sand for vibration modeling, pouring under negative pressure to gasify the model, enabling metal liquid to occupy the position of the model, solidifying and cooling the model cluster to form the stirring impeller. For example: chinese patent application No. 201810922353.5, published as 2018, 12, month, 7, discloses a method for manufacturing a high wear-resistant integral screw conveyor blade, (1) processing a forming die for each section of the screw conveyor blade; (2) preparing a foam pattern of each section of helical blade; (3) preparing a foam pattern of the integral helical blade; (4) preparing an integral foam model containing a pouring system and a riser; (5) carrying out refractory coating treatment on the surface of the cast integral foam pattern; (6) smelting molten iron; (7) lost foam casting to form a casting; (8) performing heat preservation treatment on the casting to obtain nodular cast iron mainly containing lower bainite and containing austenite; (9) and (5) finishing the casting.
3) Extrusion molding methods, for example: chinese patent application No. 201220378248.8, patent document 2013, 1/30 discloses a helical blade forming tool, which comprises an upper die and a lower die, wherein curved surfaces with the same curvature as that of the helical blade are arranged on the lower end surface of the upper die and the upper end surface of the lower die, and the contact surfaces of the upper die and the lower die are matched with each other. The blade is formed by directly blanking through a forming die and pressing for multiple times.
4) Centrifugal casting methods, for example: chinese patent application No. 201310490727.8, published as patent document 1/22/2014, discloses a method for casting a blade, which comprises the steps of mold design, mold manufacturing, raw material melting, blanking preparation, centrifugal casting, primary cooling, secondary forming, secondary cooling, trimming and sand blasting, hot isostatic pressing and the like,
for another example, chinese patent application No. 201210074370.0, published as patent document No. 2012, 7, 18, discloses a centrifugal casting method for an aluminum alloy impeller, which comprises the steps of preparing an impeller wax mold; step two, preheating a wax mould; step three, tool processing; step four, smelting the alloy selected by the impeller: step four, smelting Al7Si aluminum ingots; step four, adding Al-5Ti intermediate alloy for smelting; step four, adding pure Mg blocks for smelting; step four, adding Al-10Sr intermediate alloy for smelting: adding Al-10Sr intermediate alloy into a graphite crucible, and stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 1-5 minutes and then degassing and refining; and fifthly, carrying out centrifugal casting, filling and solidifying the alloy melt under the action of centrifugal force, wherein the solidification time is 3-15 minutes, and finally demoulding and cleaning the casting.
Aiming at the existing manufacturing methods, the stirring impeller can be manufactured, but the manufactured stirring impeller is consistent in material, and the strength of the hub is poor on the premise of meeting the wear resistance of the impeller sheet; on the premise of meeting the strength of the hub, the wear-resisting property of the impeller sheet is poor, and the service lives of the two structures can not meet the use requirement, so that the stirring impeller with good wear resistance and high strength is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problems of poor wear resistance, low strength and short service life of the existing stirring impeller, the invention provides the centrifugal casting stirring impeller, wherein the impeller piece has high wear resistance and the hub has high strength by adopting a centrifugal casting mode, so that the service life of the stirring impeller is prolonged.
The invention also aims to provide a method for centrifugally casting the stirring impeller, so that the bonding strength of the impeller piece and the hub is good, and the service life of the stirring impeller is prolonged on the premise of ensuring the wear resistance and the strength.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a centrifugal casting stirring impeller, which comprises a hub and impeller blades, wherein the impeller blades are spirally arranged on the hub, and the chemical components of the impeller blades comprise C: 2.3-3.0%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, Cr: 17-23%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Ni: 0-1.5%, Co: 0-1.0%, Cu: 0-2.0%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities; the hub comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.3-0.4%, Si: 0.6-0.9%, Mn: 0.9-1.2%, Cr: 1.8-2.2%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.035%, Ni: 1.6-2.0%, Co: 0.3-0.8%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In a possible embodiment of the invention, a transition layer is formed at the joint of the hub and the wheel sheet, and the thickness h of the transition layer is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm.
In one possible embodiment of the invention, the chemical composition of the wheel piece comprises, by mass, C: 2.3-3.0%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, Cr: 17-22%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Ni: 0-1.5%, Co: 0-1.0%, Cu: 0 to 2.0% by weight, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
In one possible embodiment of the invention, the chemical composition of the wheel piece comprises, by mass, C: 2.3-3.0%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, Cr: 22-23%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Ni: 0-1.5%, Co: 0-1.0%, Cu: 0 to 2.0% by weight, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
In one possible embodiment of the invention, the chemical composition of the wheel sheet further comprises, by mass, W: 0.1 to 1.0%, Nb: 0.1 to 1.5%, Ti: 0.1 to 3.0%, Zr: 0.1-3.0% of any one or more than two.
In one possible embodiment of the invention, the chemical composition of the hub further comprises, by mass, W: 0.1 to 1.0%, Nb: 0.1 to 1.0%, Zr: 0.1-0.9% of any one or more than two.
In one possible embodiment of the present invention, the thickness h of the transition layer satisfies the following formula: h is [ G hub (Mn) + G hub (Cr) ]/[ G wheel plate (Mn) + G wheel plate (Cr) ], wherein G wheel plate (Mn) and G wheel plate (Cr) respectively represent mass fractions of Mn and Cr in the wheel plate chemical composition, G hub (Mn) and G hub (Cr) respectively represent mass fractions of Mn and Cr in the hub chemical composition, and the thickness unit is mm.
The invention also provides a method for centrifugally casting the stirring impeller, which comprises the following specific steps of:
s101, making a casting mold: manufacturing a centrifugal rotary casting mold of the stirring impeller, wherein the centrifugal rotary casting mold comprises a left template and a right template, the left template and the right template are buckled to form a molding cavity, the shape of the molding cavity is consistent with the outer contour of the stirring impeller, the reserved shrinkage is 2-3 mm, and the dimensional precision is +/-0.02 mm;
s102, alloy smelting
1) Selecting a first graphite crucible, smelting wheel alloy at 1550-;
2) selecting a second graphite crucible, smelting the hub alloy at the temperature of 1550-;
s103, centrifugal casting: and (2) placing the centrifugal rotary casting mold on a horizontal centrifuge by adopting the horizontal centrifuge, filling the wheel sheet alloy melt under the action of centrifugal force, then tightly connecting the wheel sheet alloy melt and the wheel sheet alloy melt, filling the wheel sheet alloy melt under the action of centrifugal force, setting for 8-15 minutes, finally demolding and cleaning the casting.
In one possible embodiment of the present invention, in step S103, the process startsStarting at any time within 5 seconds, continuously and rapidly increasing the rotation speed of the centrifugal rotary casting mold, wherein the acceleration of the rotation of the centrifugal rotary casting mold is 0.2-0.4 m/s2When the wheel sheet alloy melt is cast to 35-40% of the total weight of the wheel sheet alloy melt metal liquid to be cast, the rotating acceleration of the centrifugal rotary casting mold is 0.1-0.2 m/s2。
In one possible embodiment of the present invention, in step S103, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary mold is continuously decreased immediately when the hub alloy melt is cast, and the acceleration of the centrifugal rotary mold is-0.01 to-0.05 m/S2Until the casting is completely solidified.
In one possible embodiment of the invention, in step S103, the casting speed of the wheel blade alloy melt is 15kg/min or less and v is 20kg/min or less; the casting speed of the hub alloy melt is not less than 12kg/min and not more than 18 kg/min.
In a possible embodiment of the present invention, in step S103, the pressure value of the wheel blade alloy melt and the wheel hub alloy melt during casting is 200 to 400 Pa.
In one possible embodiment of the present invention, in step S103, the hub alloy melt casting temperature is 1450-.
In one possible embodiment of the present invention, when the wheel blade alloy melt is deposited and solidified on the inner wall of the centrifugal rotary mold, the average surface temperature of the cast strand is 0.95T to 0.98T, where T (° c) is the solidification start temperature of the wheel blade alloy.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the molten metal of the invention can form the free surface of the stirring impeller in the casting mould, thus a spiral casting can be cast without a core, the casting process is greatly simplified, the production rate is high, and the cost is low; (ii) a
(2) The invention improves feeding conditions due to the action of centrifugal force, and gas and nonmetal impurities are easy to be discharged from liquid metal, so that the centrifugal casting has compact structure, less defects such as shrinkage cavities (shrinkage porosity), air holes, impurities and the like and good mechanical property;
(3) the invention eliminates or greatly saves the metal consumption in the aspects of a pouring system and a riser and has high metal utilization rate.
Drawings
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but it should be understood that these drawings are designed for illustrative purposes only and thus do not limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the structural configurations described herein and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a stirring impeller according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of centrifugal casting of a stirring impeller according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of a centrifugal casting of a stirring impeller according to embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a centrifugal state of a stirring impeller in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a transition layer of a stirring impeller according to example 1 of the present invention.
The notation in the figure is:
100. a wheel sheet; 200. a hub; 300. and a transition layer.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. Although these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that various changes to the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following more detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is presented for purposes of illustration only and not limitation to describe the features and characteristics of the invention, to set forth the best mode of carrying out the invention, and to sufficiently enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
The detailed description and exemplary embodiments of the invention will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings, where the elements and features of the invention are identified by reference numerals.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, fig. 1 and 2 are schematic structural views of a stirring impeller, and the centrifugal casting stirring impeller of the present invention includes a hub 200 and blades 100, wherein the blades 100 are spirally arranged on the hub 200. The wheel piece 100 contacts with the material, so that the wheel needs better wear resistance and higher strength, and the wheel hub 200 is used as a force transmission part, has high strength under the action of large torque and can effectively reduce the image of broken shafts.
Wherein the chemical components of the wheel sheet 100 comprise, by mass, C: 2.3-3.0%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, Cr: 17-23%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Ni: 0-1.5%, Co: 0-1.0%, Cu: 0 to 2.0% by weight, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the chemical composition of the wheel sheet 100 further contains, by mass, W: 0.1 to 1.0%, Nb: 0.1 to 1.5%, Ti: 0.1 to 3.0%, Zr: 0.1-3.0% of any one or more than two.
C is an essential component mainly bonded to alloying elements such as Mo, Mn, and Cr, and forms MC carbide to improve wear resistance. The C not bonded to the alloy is mainly dissolved in the matrix or is finely precipitated, thereby reinforcing the matrix. When the C content is less than 2.3%, the amount of MC carbide is insufficient, and sufficient wear resistance cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when C exceeds 3%, the carbide becomes excessive, and the thermal cracking resistance of the impeller deteriorates.
Si acts as a deoxidizer in molten metal, and when Si% exceeds 1.0%, the surface of the wheel piece 100 is easily embrittled, thereby affecting wear resistance.
Mn has an effect of deoxidizing molten metal and fixing S, which is an impurity, as MnS, but if Mn is less than 0.3%, these effects are insufficient; on the other hand, when Mn exceeds 0.8%, retained austenite is easily generated, hardness cannot be stably maintained, and wear resistance is easily deteriorated.
Cr is an element which forms carbide, improves the wear resistance of the wheel piece 100, strengthens the matrix and improves the crack resistance, and therefore, the content thereof must be 17% or more, while on the other hand, Cr is a very strong whitening element, and if it exceeds 23%, it inhibits the crystallization of graphite during the solidification. Preferably, Cr: 17-22% or Cr: 22-23%.
Having the formation of M6C、M2C and other crystal carbides act as a solid solution in the matrix to improve hardenability and temper hardness, and therefore, 0.3% or more is contained. However, an increase in the amount of Mo is not preferable because the amount of MC, which is the hardest carbide in the impeller of the present invention, decreases, and therefore the upper limit is 0.8%.
Co is an element effective for strengthening the matrix structure, and is contained in an amount of 0.1% or more, which is effective. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5.0%, the toughness is lowered.
W combines with C to form hard M like Mo6C、M2Since the C-based carbide is dissolved in the matrix to strengthen the matrix structure, it is effective for improving the wear resistance, and is contained in an amount of 0.1% or more. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.0%, M6The C-type carbide increases and the resistance to surface roughness deteriorates, and therefore, it is not preferable.
Nb, Ti, Zr and C combine to form MC carbide. When the wheel piece 100 is formed by centrifugal casting, Nb, Ti, and Zr have an effect of reducing at least the segregation of MC-based carbides.
The hub 200 comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.3-0.4%, Si: 0.6-0.9%, Mn: 0.9-1.2%, Cr: 1.8-2.2%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.035%, Ni: 1.6-2.0%, Co: 0.3-0.8%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The hub 200 has a low carbon content and a high iron content, and thus, the hub 200 has a high torque resistance.
Further, the chemical composition of the hub 200 further comprises, by mass, W: 0.1 to 1.0%, Nb: 0.1 to 1.0%, Zr: 0.1-0.9% of any one or more than two. The addition of these elements can refine the internal grains of the hub 200, thereby improving the bonding strength.
As shown in fig. 6, a transition layer 300 is formed at the joint of the hub 200 and the wheel sheet 100, and the thickness h of the transition layer 300 is 0.1mm to 0.2 mm. Preferably, under the action of centrifugal force, when the alloy melt of the hub 200 is cast, the alloy melt of the wheel piece 100 is not solidified, and a phenomenon of penetration exists between the alloy melt of the wheel piece 100 and the alloy melt, and a large amount of experimental data show that the thickness h of the transition layer 300 satisfies the following formula: h is 0.1943mm at max and 0.1125mm at min, where G wheel segment (Mn) and G wheel segment (Cr) respectively represent the mass fraction of Mn and Cr in the chemical composition of wheel segment 100, G wheel segment (Mn) and G wheel segment (Cr) respectively represent the mass fraction of Mn and Cr in the chemical composition of wheel segment 200, and the thickness unit is mm.
The inventor analyzes possible reasons, the wheel sheet 100 and the hub 200 are cast by different alloys, on the premise of ensuring the bonding strength of the wheel sheet 100 and the hub 200, the shrinkage rates of the wheel sheet 100 and the hub 200 are consistent, the bonding position of the wheel sheet 100 and the hub 200 is tightly bonded, no crack is generated, and the strength is better than that of welding.
Example 1
The method for centrifugally casting the stirring impeller comprises the following specific steps of:
s101, manufacturing a mold: manufacturing a centrifugal rotating die of the stirring impeller, wherein the centrifugal rotating die comprises a left die plate and a right die plate (the structure of the part can be the same as that of the die in the prior art, but is not the key point of the invention), the left die plate and the right die plate are buckled to form a forming cavity, the shape of the forming cavity is consistent with the outline of the stirring impeller, the reserved shrinkage is 3mm, and the dimensional precision is +/-0.02 mm;
s102, alloy smelting
1) Selecting a first graphite crucible, smelting a wheel sheet 100 alloy at 1600 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the wheel sheet 100 alloy are shown in table 1, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 5 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form a wheel sheet 100 alloy melt;
2) selecting a second graphite crucible, smelting a hub 200 alloy at 1550 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the hub 200 alloy are shown in table 2, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 5 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form hub 200 alloy melt;
s103, centrifugal casting: the main reason is that under the action of gravity, segregation is easy to occur to cause poor consistency of castings, compared with the situation that the horizontal centrifuge can avoid the situation, the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt is filled under the action of centrifugal force and then is tightly connected to enable the wheel hub 200 alloy melt to be filled under the action of centrifugal force, the solidification time is 8 minutes, specifically, the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt is cast at 1600 ℃, the alloy casting equipment in the prior art, such as a centrifugal casting machine of Wuxi Xin Chenghui company, is adopted, when the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt is cast to 80% of the total mass of the stirring impeller, the casting is stopped, the wheel hub 200 alloy melt is immediately switched to be cast, the casting is carried out at 1550 ℃ (the molten alloy solution is heated to 1550 ℃), from the above melting temperature, the melting temperature of the wheel disc 100 and the melting temperature of the wheel hub 200 differ by at least 300-; and finally, demolding and cleaning the casting.
In step S103, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary mold is continuously and rapidly increased from the start of casting to any time within 5 seconds, and the acceleration of the rotation of the centrifugal rotary mold is 0.4m/S2When the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt is cast to 40% of the total weight of the metal liquid of the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt needing casting, the rotating acceleration of the centrifugal rotating die is 0.2m/s2. In practiceIn the using process, the edge of the wheel sheet 100 is far away from the center, so that a larger acceleration is provided in the early stage, the rotating speed of the mold reaches the set rotating speed as soon as possible, the rotating speed is at least 800r/min, the maximum rotating speed is 1500r/min, the alloy melt of the wheel sheet 100 is placed on the edge of the inner cavity of the mold under the action of centrifugal force, and the edge part of the wheel sheet 100 is formed.
In step S103, when the hub 200 is cast with the alloy melt, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary die is continuously reduced immediately, and the rotational acceleration of the centrifugal rotary die is-0.05 m/S2Until the casting is completely solidified. The whole forming cavity is filled with the alloy melt of the wheel sheet 100, the center of the hub 200 is left under the action of centrifugal force, when the alloy melt of the hub 200 is cast, if the alloy melt of the hub 200 still keeps high-speed rotation, the alloy melt of the hub 200 can be thrown to the cavity of the wheel sheet 100, the strength and the wear resistance of the wheel sheet 100 can be greatly reduced, and the use of a stirring impeller is not facilitated.
In step S103, the casting speed of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is 15 kg/min; the casting speed of the alloy melt of the hub 200 is 18 kg/min.
In step S103, the pressure value of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt and the wheel hub 200 alloy melt during casting is 400 Pa. The vacuum pressure value during casting is controlled, so that the oxidation of the alloy melt can be avoided, and the surface cracks are avoided.
The specific chemical composition of the wheel sheet is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical composition of wheel disc
The specific hub chemistry is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 hub chemistry
The thickness h of the transition layer 300 satisfies the following formula: h ═ G hub (Mn) + G hub (Cr) ]/[ G wheel piece (Mn) + G wheel piece (Cr) ] (1.2+1.8)/(0.5+23) ═ 0.1277 mm.
Example 2
The method for centrifugally casting the stirring impeller in the embodiment basically has the same specific steps as those in the embodiment 1, except that:
s101, reserving the shrinkage of a centrifugal rotating die of the stirring impeller to be 2mm, and enabling the size precision to be +/-0.02 mm;
s102, alloy smelting
1) Selecting a first graphite crucible, smelting a wheel sheet 100 alloy at 1560 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the wheel sheet 100 alloy are shown in table 1, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 3 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form a wheel sheet 100 alloy melt;
2) selecting a second graphite crucible, smelting a hub 200 alloy at 1600 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the hub 200 alloy are shown in Table 2, and degassing and refining are carried out after the molten liquid in the graphite crucible is stirred for 3 minutes to form hub 200 alloy molten liquid;
s103, centrifugal casting: a horizontal centrifuge is adopted, a centrifugal rotating die is placed on the horizontal centrifuge, when the alloy melt of the wheel blade is cast to 80 percent of the total mass of the stirring impeller, the casting is stopped, the alloy melt of the casting hub 200 is immediately switched, casting (heating of the molten alloy solution to 1500 c) was carried out at 1500 c, in this example, the solidification temperature T of the wheel piece 100 alloy was 1545 c, when the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is deposited and solidified on the inner wall of the centrifugal rotary die, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 0.95T to 0.98T, namely, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 1467 ℃ to 1514 ℃, the temperature of the alloy solution of the wheel hub 200 is 1500 ℃, the temperature is basically consistent with the surface temperature of the casting blank of the wheel piece 100, under the same condition, the shrinkage rates of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 are equivalent, so that the generation of thermal stress at the joint of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is avoided, the possibility of cracking is reduced, and the bonding strength of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is improved; and finally, demolding and cleaning the casting.
In step S103, the casting is performed from the start of casting to any time within 5 secondsContinuously and rapidly increasing the rotation speed of the centrifugal rotary die, wherein the rotation acceleration of the centrifugal rotary die is 0.3m/s2When the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt is cast to 40% of the total weight of the metal liquid of the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt needing casting, the rotating acceleration of the centrifugal rotating die is 0.1m/s2。
In step S103, when the hub 200 is cast with the alloy melt, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary die is continuously reduced immediately, and the rotational acceleration of the centrifugal rotary die is-0.01 m/S2Until the casting is completely solidified. The whole forming cavity is filled with the alloy melt of the wheel sheet 100, the center of the hub 200 is left under the action of centrifugal force, when the alloy melt of the hub 200 is cast, if the alloy melt of the hub 200 still keeps high-speed rotation, the alloy melt of the hub 200 can be thrown to the cavity of the wheel sheet 100, the strength and the wear resistance of the wheel sheet 100 can be greatly reduced, and the use of a stirring impeller is not facilitated.
In step S103, the casting speed of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is 20 kg/min; the casting speed of the alloy melt of the hub 200 is 15 kg/min.
In step S103, the pressure value of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt and the wheel hub 200 alloy melt during casting is 200 Pa. The vacuum pressure value during casting is controlled, so that the oxidation of the alloy melt can be avoided, and the surface cracks are avoided.
The thickness h of the transition layer 300 satisfies the following formula: h ═ G hub (Mn) + G hub (Cr) ]/[ G wheel piece (Mn) + G wheel piece (Cr) ] - (1+2)/(1+20) ═ 0.1429 mm.
Example 3
The method for centrifugally casting the stirring impeller in the embodiment basically has the same specific steps as those in the embodiment 1, except that:
s101, reserving the shrinkage of a centrifugal rotating die of the stirring impeller to be 2.5mm, and enabling the dimensional accuracy to be +/-0.02 mm;
s102, alloy smelting
1) Selecting a first graphite crucible, smelting a wheel sheet 100 alloy at 1580 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the wheel sheet 100 alloy are shown in table 1, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 1 minute, and then degassing and refining to form a wheel sheet 100 alloy melt;
2) selecting a second graphite crucible, smelting a hub 200 alloy at 1560 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the hub 200 alloy are shown in table 2, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 3 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form the hub 200 alloy melt;
s103, centrifugal casting: a horizontal centrifuge is adopted, a centrifugal rotating die is placed on the horizontal centrifuge, when the alloy melt of the wheel blade is cast to 80 percent of the total mass of the stirring impeller, the casting is stopped, the alloy melt of the casting hub 200 is immediately switched, casting (heating the molten alloy solution to 1520 deg.c) at 1520 deg.c, in this example, the solidification temperature T of the wheel piece 100 alloy is 1570 deg.c, when the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is deposited and solidified on the inner wall of the centrifugal rotary die, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 0.95T to 0.98T, that is, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 1491 ℃ to 1538 ℃, the temperature of the hub 200 alloy solution is 1520 ℃, the temperature is basically consistent with the surface temperature of the casting blank of the wheel piece 100, under the same condition, the shrinkage rates of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 are equivalent, so that the generation of thermal stress at the joint of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is avoided, the possibility of cracking is reduced, and the bonding strength of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is improved; and finally, demolding and cleaning the casting.
In step S103, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary mold is continuously and rapidly increased from the start of casting to any time within 5 seconds, and the acceleration of the rotation of the centrifugal rotary mold is 0.3m/S2When the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt is cast to 40% of the total weight of the metal liquid of the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt needing casting, the rotating acceleration of the centrifugal rotating die is 0.2m/s2。
In step S103, when the hub 200 is cast with the alloy melt, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary die is continuously reduced immediately, and the rotational acceleration of the centrifugal rotary die is-0.04 m/S2Until the casting is completely solidified. The whole forming cavity is filled with the alloy melt of the wheel sheet 100, the center of the wheel hub 200 is left under the action of centrifugal force, when the alloy melt of the wheel hub 200 is cast, if the alloy melt of the wheel hub 200 still keeps high-speed rotation, the alloy melt of the wheel hub 200 can be thrown to the cavity of the wheel sheet 100, the strength and the wear resistance of the wheel sheet 100 can be greatly reduced, and the impeller is not beneficial to stirring, so that the alloy melt of the wheel hub 200 is not thrown to the cavity of the wheel sheet 100The application is as follows.
In step S103, the casting speed of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is 18 kg/min; the casting speed of the alloy melt of the hub 200 is 12 kg/min.
In step S103, the pressure value of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt and the wheel hub 200 alloy melt during casting is 250 Pa. The vacuum pressure value during casting is controlled, so that the oxidation of the alloy melt can be avoided, and the surface cracks are avoided.
The thickness h of the transition layer 300 satisfies the following formula: h ═ G hub (Mn) + G hub (Cr) ]/[ G wheel piece (Mn) + G wheel piece (Cr) ] - (0.9+2.2)/(0.8+21) ═ 0.1422 mm.
Example 4
The method for centrifugally casting the stirring impeller in the embodiment basically has the same specific steps as those in the embodiment 1, except that:
s101, reserving the shrinkage of a centrifugal rotating die of the stirring impeller to be 2.5mm, and enabling the dimensional accuracy to be +/-0.02 mm;
s102, alloy smelting
1) Selecting a first graphite crucible, smelting a wheel sheet 100 alloy at 1560 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the wheel sheet 100 alloy are shown in table 1, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 4 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form a wheel sheet 100 alloy melt;
2) selecting a second graphite crucible, smelting a hub 200 alloy at 1650 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the hub 200 alloy are shown in table 2, and degassing and refining are carried out after the molten liquid in the graphite crucible is stirred for 4 minutes to form hub 200 alloy molten liquid;
s103, centrifugal casting: a horizontal centrifuge is adopted, a centrifugal rotating die is placed on the horizontal centrifuge, when the alloy melt of the wheel blade is cast to 80 percent of the total mass of the stirring impeller, the casting is stopped, the alloy melt of the casting hub 200 is immediately switched, casting was carried out at 1510 c (heating of the molten alloy solution to 1510 c), and in this example, the solidification temperature T of the wheel piece 100 alloy was 1550 c, when the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is deposited and solidified on the inner wall of the centrifugal rotary die, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 0.95T to 0.98T, namely, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 1472 ℃ to 1519 ℃, the temperature of the alloy solution of the wheel hub 200 is 1510 ℃, the temperature is basically consistent with the surface temperature of the casting blank of the wheel piece 100, under the same condition, the shrinkage rates of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 are equivalent, so that the generation of thermal stress at the joint of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is avoided, the possibility of cracking is reduced, and the bonding strength of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is improved; and finally, demolding and cleaning the casting.
In step S103, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary mold is continuously and rapidly increased from the start of casting to any time within 5 seconds, and the acceleration of the rotation of the centrifugal rotary mold is 0.4m/S2When the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt is cast to 40% of the total weight of the metal liquid of the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt needing casting, the rotating acceleration of the centrifugal rotating die is 0.1m/s2。
In step S103, when the hub 200 is cast with the alloy melt, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary die is continuously reduced immediately, and the rotational acceleration of the centrifugal rotary die is-0.05 m/S2Until the casting is completely solidified. The whole forming cavity is filled with the alloy melt of the wheel sheet 100, the center of the hub 200 is left under the action of centrifugal force, when the alloy melt of the hub 200 is cast, if the alloy melt of the hub 200 still keeps high-speed rotation, the alloy melt of the hub 200 can be thrown to the cavity of the wheel sheet 100, the strength and the wear resistance of the wheel sheet 100 can be greatly reduced, and the use of a stirring impeller is not facilitated.
In step S103, the casting speed of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is 16 kg/min; the casting speed of the alloy melt of the hub 200 is 15 kg/min.
In step S103, the pressure value of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt and the wheel hub 200 alloy melt during casting is 300 Pa. The vacuum pressure value during casting is controlled, so that the oxidation of the alloy melt can be avoided, and the surface cracks are avoided.
The thickness h of the transition layer 300 satisfies the following formula: h ═ G hub (Mn) + G hub (Cr) ]/[ G wheel piece (Mn) + G wheel piece (Cr) ]/(1.1 +2.0)/(0.6+ 17): 0.1761 mm.
Example 5
The method for centrifugally casting the stirring impeller in the embodiment basically has the same specific steps as those in the embodiment 1, except that:
s101, reserving the shrinkage of a centrifugal rotating mold of the stirring impeller for 3 mm;
s102, alloy smelting
1) Selecting a first graphite crucible, smelting a wheel sheet 100 alloy at 1600 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the wheel sheet 100 alloy are shown in table 1, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 3 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form a wheel sheet 100 alloy melt;
2) selecting a second graphite crucible, smelting a hub 200 alloy at 1580 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the hub 200 alloy are shown in table 2, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 3 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form hub 200 alloy melt;
s103, centrifugal casting: a horizontal centrifuge is adopted, a centrifugal rotating die is placed on the horizontal centrifuge, when the alloy melt of the wheel blade is cast to 80 percent of the total mass of the stirring impeller, the casting is stopped, the alloy melt of the casting hub 200 is immediately switched, casting was carried out at 1540 c (heating of the molten alloy solution to 1540 c), in this example, the solidification temperature T of the wheel segment 100 alloy was 1590 c, when the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is deposited and solidified on the inner wall of the centrifugal rotary die, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 0.95T to 0.98T, namely, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 1510 ℃ to 1558 ℃, the temperature of the alloy solution of the wheel hub 200 is 1540 ℃, the temperature is basically consistent with the surface temperature of the casting blank of the wheel piece 100, under the same condition, the shrinkage rates of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 are equivalent, so that the generation of thermal stress at the joint of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is avoided, the possibility of cracking is reduced, and the bonding strength of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is improved; and finally, demolding and cleaning the casting.
In step S103, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary mold is continuously and rapidly increased from the start of casting to any time within 5 seconds, and the acceleration of the rotation of the centrifugal rotary mold is 0.3m/S2When the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt is cast to 40% of the total weight of the metal liquid of the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt needing casting, the rotating acceleration of the centrifugal rotating die is 0.1m/s2。
In step S103, when the hub 200 is cast with the alloy melt, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary die is continuously reduced immediately, and the rotational acceleration of the centrifugal rotary die is-0.03 m/S2Until the casting is completely solidified. The whole is formedThe intracavity has been filled with wheel piece 100 alloy melt, and under the effect of centrifugal force, leaves the central point of wheel hub 200 vacant, when beginning to cast wheel hub 200 alloy melt, if still keep high-speed rotatory, then can lead to wheel hub 200 alloy melt to be got rid of to the die cavity of wheel piece 100, probably lead to the intensity and the wear resistance of wheel piece 100 to descend by a wide margin like this, is unfavorable for impeller's use.
In step S103, the casting speed of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is 15 kg/min; the casting speed of the alloy melt of the hub 200 is 18 kg/min.
In step S103, the pressure value of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt and the wheel hub 200 alloy melt during casting is 350 Pa. The vacuum pressure value during casting is controlled, so that the oxidation of the alloy melt can be avoided, and the surface cracks are avoided.
The thickness h of the transition layer 300 satisfies the following formula: h ═ G hub (Mn) + G hub (Cr) ]/[ G wheel piece (Mn) + G wheel piece (Cr) ] (1.2+1.9)/(0.8+18) ═ 0.1649 mm.
Example 6
The method for centrifugally casting the stirring impeller in the embodiment basically has the same specific steps as those in the embodiment 1, except that:
s101, reserving the shrinkage of a centrifugal rotating mold of the stirring impeller to be 2 mm;
s102, alloy smelting
1) Selecting a first graphite crucible, smelting a wheel sheet 100 alloy at 1580 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the wheel sheet 100 alloy are shown in table 1, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 1 minute, and then degassing and refining to form a wheel sheet 100 alloy melt;
2) selecting a second graphite crucible, smelting a hub 200 alloy at the temperature of 1640 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the hub 200 alloy are shown in table 2, stirring the molten liquid in the graphite crucible for 3 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form hub 200 alloy molten liquid;
s103, centrifugal casting: a horizontal centrifuge is adopted, a centrifugal rotating die is placed on the horizontal centrifuge, when the alloy melt of the wheel blade is cast to 80 percent of the total mass of the stirring impeller, the casting is stopped, the alloy melt of the casting hub 200 is immediately switched, casting (heating the molten alloy solution to 1520 deg.c) at 1520 deg.c, in this example, the solidification temperature T of the wheel piece 100 alloy is 1570 deg.c, when the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is deposited and solidified on the inner wall of the centrifugal rotary die, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 0.95T to 0.98T, that is, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 1491 ℃ to 1538 ℃, the temperature of the hub 200 alloy solution is 1520 ℃, the temperature is basically consistent with the surface temperature of the casting blank of the wheel piece 100, under the same condition, the shrinkage rates of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 are equivalent, so that the generation of thermal stress at the joint of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is avoided, the possibility of cracking is reduced, and the bonding strength of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is improved; and finally, demolding and cleaning the casting.
In step S103, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary mold is continuously and rapidly increased from the start of casting to any time within 5 seconds, and the acceleration of the rotation of the centrifugal rotary mold is 0.3m/S2When the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt is cast to 40% of the total weight of the metal liquid of the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt needing casting, the rotating acceleration of the centrifugal rotating die is 0.2m/s2。
In step S103, when the hub 200 is cast with the alloy melt, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary die is continuously reduced immediately, and the rotational acceleration of the centrifugal rotary die is-0.04 m/S2Until the casting is completely solidified. The whole forming cavity is filled with the alloy melt of the wheel sheet 100, the center of the hub 200 is left under the action of centrifugal force, when the alloy melt of the hub 200 is cast, if the alloy melt of the hub 200 still keeps high-speed rotation, the alloy melt of the hub 200 can be thrown to the cavity of the wheel sheet 100, the strength and the wear resistance of the wheel sheet 100 can be greatly reduced, and the use of a stirring impeller is not facilitated.
In step S103, the casting speed of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is 18 kg/min; the casting speed of the alloy melt of the hub 200 is 12 kg/min.
In step S103, the pressure value of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt and the wheel hub 200 alloy melt during casting is 250 Pa. The vacuum pressure value during casting is controlled, so that the oxidation of the alloy melt can be avoided, and the surface cracks are avoided.
The thickness h of the transition layer 300 satisfies the following formula: h ═ G hub (Mn) + G hub (Cr) ]/[ G wheel piece (Mn) + G wheel piece (Cr) ] (0.9+1.8)/(0.5+20) ═ 0.1317 mm.
Example 7
The method for centrifugally casting the stirring impeller in the embodiment basically has the same specific steps as those in the embodiment 1, except that:
s101, reserving the shrinkage of a centrifugal rotating die of the stirring impeller to be 2mm, and enabling the size precision to be +/-0.02 mm;
s102, alloy smelting
1) Selecting a first graphite crucible, smelting a wheel sheet 100 alloy at 1560 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the wheel sheet 100 alloy are shown in table 1, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 4 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form a wheel sheet 100 alloy melt;
2) selecting a second graphite crucible, smelting a hub 200 alloy at 1620 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the hub 200 alloy are shown in Table 2, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 3 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form hub 200 alloy melt;
s103, centrifugal casting: a horizontal centrifuge is adopted, a centrifugal rotating die is placed on the horizontal centrifuge, when the alloy melt of the wheel blade is cast to 80 percent of the total mass of the stirring impeller, the casting is stopped, the alloy melt of the casting hub 200 is immediately switched, casting was carried out at 1510 c (heating of the molten alloy solution to 1510 c), and in this example, the solidification temperature T of the wheel piece 100 alloy was 1550 c, when the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is deposited and solidified on the inner wall of the centrifugal rotary die, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 0.95T to 0.98T, namely, the average surface temperature of the casting blank is 1472 ℃ to 1519 ℃, the temperature of the alloy solution of the wheel hub 200 is 1510 ℃, the temperature is basically consistent with the surface temperature of the casting blank of the wheel piece 100, under the same condition, the shrinkage rates of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 are equivalent, so that the generation of thermal stress at the joint of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is avoided, the possibility of cracking is reduced, and the bonding strength of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is improved; and finally, demolding and cleaning the casting.
In step S103, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary mold is continuously and rapidly increased from the start of casting to any time within 5 seconds, and the acceleration of the rotation of the centrifugal rotary mold is 0.25m/S2When the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt is cast to the wheel sheet 100 alloy needed to be cast40% of the total weight of molten metal, and the acceleration of the centrifugal rotary die is 0.1m/s2。
In step S103, when the hub 200 is cast with the alloy melt, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary die is continuously decreased immediately, and the rotational acceleration of the centrifugal rotary die is-0.025 m/S2Until the casting is completely solidified. The whole forming cavity is filled with the alloy melt of the wheel sheet 100, the center of the hub 200 is left under the action of centrifugal force, when the alloy melt of the hub 200 is cast, if the alloy melt of the hub 200 still keeps high-speed rotation, the alloy melt of the hub 200 can be thrown to the cavity of the wheel sheet 100, the strength and the wear resistance of the wheel sheet 100 can be greatly reduced, and the use of a stirring impeller is not facilitated.
In step S103, the casting speed of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is 18 kg/min; the casting speed of the alloy melt of the hub 200 is 15 kg/min.
In step S103, the pressure value of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt and the wheel hub 200 alloy melt during casting is 280 Pa. The vacuum pressure value during casting is controlled, so that the oxidation of the alloy melt can be avoided, and the surface cracks are avoided.
The thickness h of the transition layer 300 satisfies the following formula: h ═ G hub (Mn) + G hub (Cr) ]/[ G wheel piece (Mn) + G wheel piece (Cr) ] (0.9+2.1)/(0.8+22) ═ 0.1315 mm.
Example 8
The method for centrifugally casting the stirring impeller in the embodiment basically has the same specific steps as those in the embodiment 1, except that:
s101, reserving shrinkage of a centrifugal rotating mold of a stirring impeller;
s102, alloy smelting
1) Selecting a first graphite crucible, smelting a wheel sheet 100 alloy at 1600 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the wheel sheet 100 alloy are shown in table 1, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 3 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form a wheel sheet 100 alloy melt;
2) selecting a second graphite crucible, smelting a hub 200 alloy at 1590 ℃, wherein the chemical components of the hub 200 alloy are shown in table 2, stirring the melt in the graphite crucible for 5 minutes, and then degassing and refining to form a hub 200 alloy melt;
s103, centrifugal casting: adopting a horizontal centrifuge, placing a centrifugal rotating die on the horizontal centrifuge, stopping casting when the alloy melt of the wheel disc 100 is cast to 80% of the total mass of the stirring impeller, immediately switching to cast the alloy melt of the hub 200, casting at 1550 ℃ (heating the molten alloy solution to 1550 ℃), wherein the melting temperature of the wheel disc 100 and the melting temperature of the hub 200 are different by at least 300-, the shrinkage rates of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 are equivalent, so that the thermal stress generated at the joint of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is avoided, the possibility of cracking is reduced, and the bonding strength of the wheel sheet 100 and the wheel hub 200 is improved; and finally, demolding and cleaning the casting.
In step S103, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotary mold is continuously and rapidly increased from the start of casting to any time within 5 seconds, and the acceleration of the rotation of the centrifugal rotary mold is 0.4m/S2When the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt is poured to 40 percent of the total weight of the metal liquid of the wheel sheet 100 alloy melt needing to be poured, the rotating acceleration of the centrifugal rotating die is 0.15m/s2。
In step S103, when the hub 200 is cast with the alloy melt, the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotating die is continuously reduced immediately, and the rotational acceleration of the centrifugal rotating die is-0.045 m/S2Until the casting is completely solidified. The whole forming cavity is filled with the alloy melt of the wheel sheet 100, the center of the hub 200 is left under the action of centrifugal force, when the alloy melt of the hub 200 is cast, if the alloy melt of the hub 200 still keeps high-speed rotation, the alloy melt of the hub 200 can be thrown to the cavity of the wheel sheet 100, the strength and the wear resistance of the wheel sheet 100 can be greatly reduced, and the use of a stirring impeller is not facilitated.
In step S103, the casting speed of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt is 16 kg/min; the casting speed of the alloy melt of the hub 200 is 15 kg/min.
In step S103, the pressure value of the wheel piece 100 alloy melt and the wheel hub 200 alloy melt during casting is 400 Pa. The vacuum pressure value during casting is controlled, so that the oxidation of the alloy melt can be avoided, and the surface cracks are avoided.
The thickness h of the transition layer 300 satisfies the following formula: h ═ G hub (Mn) + G hub (Cr) ]/[ G wheel piece (Mn) + G wheel piece (Cr) ] (1.2+2.2)/(1+17) ═ 0.1889 mm.
The performance of the stirring impeller obtained in the embodiments 1 to 8 of the present invention was tested, and the performance indexes were as follows:
| wheel disc hardness/HRC | Wheel hub hardness/HRC | |
| Example 1 | 62 | 38 |
| Example 2 | 64 | 40 |
| Example 3 | 65 | 42 |
| Example 4 | 63 | 39 |
| Example 5 | 60 | 40 |
| Example 6 | 62 | 40 |
| Example 7 | 61 | 39 |
| Example 8 | 63 | 41 |
Claims (14)
1. A centrifugally cast impeller comprising a hub (200) and blades (100), said blades (100) being helically wound around the hub (200), wherein said blades (100) comprise, by mass, C: 2.3-3.0%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, Cr: 17-23%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Ni: 0-1.5%, Co: 0-1.0%, Cu: 0-2.0%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities; the chemical composition of the hub (200) comprises, by mass, C: 0.3-0.4%, Si: 0.6-0.9%, Mn: 0.9-1.2%, Cr: 1.8-2.2%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.035%, Ni: 1.6-2.0%, Co: 0.3-0.8%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The centrifugally cast agitator impeller of claim 1, wherein the junction of the hub (200) and the impeller blades (100) is formed with a transition layer (300), the thickness h of the transition layer (300) being in the range of 0.1mm to 0.2 mm.
3. The centrifugally cast agitator impeller of claim 1 or 2, wherein the chemical composition of the impeller blades (100) comprises, by mass, C: 2.3-3.0%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, Cr: 17-22%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Ni: 0-1.5%, Co: 0-1.0%, Cu: 0 to 2.0% by weight, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
4. The centrifugally cast agitator impeller of claim 1 or 2, wherein the chemical composition of the impeller blades (100) comprises, by mass, C: 2.3-3.0%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, Cr: 22-23%, Mo: 0.3-0.8%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Ni: 0-1.5%, Co: 0-1.0%, Cu: 0 to 2.0% by weight, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
5. The centrifugally cast agitator impeller of claim 1, wherein the chemical composition of the impeller blades (100) further comprises, by mass, W: 0.1 to 1.0%, Nb: 0.1 to 1.5%, Ti: 0.1 to 3.0%, Zr: 0.1-3.0% of any one or more than two.
6. The centrifugally cast mixing impeller of claim 1, wherein the hub (200) further comprises by mass W: 0.1 to 1.0%, Nb: 0.1 to 1.0%, Zr: 0.1-0.9% of any one or more than two.
7. The centrifugally cast mixing impeller of claim 2, wherein the thickness h of the transition layer (300) satisfies the following formula: h is [ G hub (Mn) + G hub (Cr) ]/[ G wheel plate (Mn) + G wheel plate (Cr) ], wherein G wheel plate (Mn) and G wheel plate (Cr) respectively represent mass fractions of Mn and Cr in the wheel plate chemical composition, G hub (Mn) and G hub (Cr) respectively represent mass fractions of Mn and Cr in the hub chemical composition, and the thickness unit is mm.
8. A method for manufacturing a centrifugally cast agitator impeller according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the specific steps of:
s101, making a casting mold: manufacturing a centrifugal rotary casting mold of the stirring impeller, wherein the centrifugal rotary casting mold comprises a left template and a right template, the left template and the right template are buckled to form a molding cavity, the shape of the molding cavity is consistent with the outer contour of the stirring impeller, and the shrinkage is reserved;
s102, alloy smelting
1) Selecting a first graphite crucible, smelting the wheel sheet (100) alloy at 1550-;
2) selecting a second graphite crucible, smelting the alloy of the hub (200) at the temperature of 1550-;
s103, centrifugal casting: and (2) placing the centrifugal rotary casting mold on a horizontal centrifuge by adopting the horizontal centrifuge, filling the alloy melt of the wheel blade (100) under the action of centrifugal force, then tightly connecting the wheel blade and the wheel blade, filling the alloy melt of the wheel hub (200) under the action of centrifugal force, setting for 8-15 minutes, and finally demolding and cleaning the casting.
9. The method for manufacturing a centrifugally cast impeller according to claim 8, wherein the step S103 is performed such that the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotor is continuously and rapidly increased from the start of casting to any time within 5 seconds, and the acceleration of the rotation of the centrifugal rotor is 0.2 to 0.4m/S2When the alloy melt of the wheel sheet (100) is cast to 35-40% of the total weight of the alloy melt of the wheel sheet (100) to be cast, the rotating acceleration of the centrifugal rotary casting mold is 0.1-0.2 m/s2。
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the rotational speed of the centrifugal rotor is continuously decreased immediately after the alloy melt is poured into the hub (200) in step S103, and the acceleration of the centrifugal rotor is-0.01 to-0.05 m/S2Up toThe casting is completely solidified.
11. The method for manufacturing a centrifugally cast agitator impeller according to claim 8, wherein in step S103, the casting speed of the alloy melt of the impeller blade (100) is 15kg/min ≦ v ≦ 20 kg/min; the casting speed of the alloy melt of the hub (200) is more than or equal to 12kg/min and less than or equal to 18 kg/min.
12. The method for manufacturing a centrifugally cast impeller according to claim 8, wherein the pressure values at which the blade (100) alloy melt and the hub (200) alloy melt are cast are 200 to 400Pa in step S103.
13. The method for manufacturing a centrifugally cast impeller according to claim 8, wherein the hub (200) alloy melt casting temperature is 1450-.
14. The method of manufacturing a centrifugally cast agitator impeller according to claim 8, wherein the average surface temperature of the cast strand when the molten alloy of the segment (100) is deposited and solidified on the inner wall of the centrifugal rotary mold is 0.95T to 0.98T, where T ° c is the solidification start temperature of the alloy of the segment (100).
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Effective date of registration: 20240611 Address after: No. 8, Intersection of Zhenxing Road and Helanshan Road, Bowang District, Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province, 243131 Patentee after: Ma'anshan Zhongrun Intelligent Equipment Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 243000 New City Industrial Park, Bowang District, Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province Patentee before: MAANSHAN ZHUANGZHI WEAR RESISTANT ALLOY CO.,LTD. Country or region before: China |