CN110041268B - Pyrimidine bipolar compound and application thereof in OLED (organic light emitting diode) device - Google Patents
Pyrimidine bipolar compound and application thereof in OLED (organic light emitting diode) device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pyrimidine bipolar compound and application thereof in an OLED device, belonging to the technical field of organic electroluminescent materials, and the structural general formula is shown as the following formula (I): wherein L is phenylene or substituted phenylene, and m and n are any integer between 0 and 2; d 1 、D 2 Each independently is an electron donating group; the pyrimidine bipolar compound provided by the invention has a donor-acceptor-donor structure, has balanced charge transfer performance and a higher triplet state energy level, is not easy to crystallize, and has good thermal stability and film-forming property; the compound provided by the invention is used as a main body material and a doping material to be applied to an OLED device, so that the luminous efficiency of the device can be effectively improved, and the service life of the device can be effectively prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic electroluminescent materials, and particularly relates to a pyrimidine bipolar compound and application thereof in an OLED (organic light emitting diode) device.
Background
The basic structure of an Organic Light Emission Diode (OLED) is a sandwich structure formed by a thin and transparent Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) with semiconductor properties connected to an anode and another metal cathode. The entire structure layer includes a Hole Transport Layer (HTL), an Emission Layer (EL), and an Electron Transport Layer (ETL). When power is supplied to a suitable voltage, positive holes and cathode charges combine in the light-emitting layer, producing light.
The OLED display technology has the advantages of self-luminescence, wide viewing angle, low energy consumption, high reaction speed and the like, and the technology enables a portable highly-foldable display screen to be possible, so that the OLED display technology is widely applied to the fields of mobile phones, digital video cameras, notebook computers, televisions, automobiles and the like. However, compared with the requirements of products in practical application, there is a certain gap in performance, especially, the luminous efficiency and the lifetime are still required to be further improved. The improvement is mainly carried out from two aspects: the optimization and innovation of the device structure, and the research and development of high-performance functional materials.
In order to fabricate high-performance OLED light-emitting devices, researchers have continuously proposed new light-emitting mechanisms and functional materials in recent years. The qieyong project group at Qinghua university in 2014 proposed a thermal activation sensitized light emitting mechanism, which uses a Thermal Activity Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) material as a host material of an OLED device, and the TADF material sensitizes a traditional fluorescence/phosphorescence material to improve the performance of the device. Almost at the same time, the Adachi topic group at kyushu university, japan also proposes a similar light emission mechanism. With the continuous research on this type of material, researchers are continuously designing new OLED functional materials, but no TADF host material with excellent performance and capable of meeting the requirements of mass production is available at present. The focus of such TADF material design development is to balance the charge transport properties of the material and maintain high charge mobility and triplet energy levels.
According to the industrial application requirements of the current OLED device, in order to meet the photoelectric characteristic requirements of the device, an OLED functional material or a material combination with high performance needs to be selected, and the comprehensive characteristics of high efficiency, long service life and low voltage of the device can be realized. The development of the OLED materials at present is still significantly behind the requirements of panel manufacturing enterprises and the requirements of practical applications, and the development of organic functional materials with higher performance is more important and urgent in the presence of the current market demands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pyrimidine bipolar compound which is applied to an organic electroluminescent device as a luminescent layer material and can obviously improve the device performance of the organic electroluminescent device.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a pyrimidine bipolar compound, the structural general formula of which is shown as the following formula (I):
wherein L is a phenylene group or a substituted phenylene group, and when L is a substituted phenylene group, these substituents are a hydrogen atom, a halogen, an alkyl group of C1 to C6, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a 4-pyridyl group and a trifluoromethyl group; m and n are any integer between 0 and 2;
D 1 、D 2 are each an electron donating group, D 1 、D 2 Are independently selected from the group consisting of formula (II), formula (III), formula (IV), formula (V) and formula (VI):
in the formula (II), Ar 1 、Ar 2 Each independently selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted aryl or condensed ring aryl of C6-C30, substituted or unsubstituted condensed heterocyclic group of C6-C30, five-membered heterocyclic ring, six-membered heterocyclic ring or substituted heterocyclic ring, and substituted or unsubstituted amino;
in the formula (III), R 1 、R 2 Respectively and independently selected from any one of hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups of C1-C6, alkoxy groups of C1-C6, substituted or unsubstituted aryl or condensed ring aryl of C6-C30, substituted or unsubstituted condensed heterocyclic groups of C6-C30 and substituted or unsubstituted amino groups;
x in the formula (IV) 1 And X 2 X in the formula (V) 3 And X in the formula (VI) 4 Are all oxygen atom, sulfur atom, C-m 1 m 2 Or N-m 3 ;
Wherein m is 1 、m 2 Are respectively and independently selected from hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups of C1-C6, phenyl or biphenyl;
m 3 is any one of substituted or unsubstituted aryl or condensed ring aryl of C6-C30 and substituted or unsubstituted condensed heterocyclic group of C6-C30.
Preferably, the formula (II) is selected from one of the following structural formulae:
preferably, the formula (iii) is selected from one of the following structural formulae:
preferably, the (iv) is selected from one of the following structural formulae:
preferably, said (v) is selected from one of the following structural formulae:
preferably, the formula (vi) is selected from one of the following structural formulae:
preferably, the pyrimidine bipolar compound is specifically one of the following compounds:
the second purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the pyrimidine bipolar compound in an organic electroluminescent device.
The third object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent device comprising a light-emitting layer, wherein the material of the light-emitting layer comprises the above pyrimidine bipolar compound.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide an application of the above organic electroluminescent device in an organic electroluminescent display device.
Compared with the prior art, the pyrimidine bipolar compound has the following beneficial effects that the pyrimidine bipolar compound has a donor-acceptor-donor structure, has balanced charge transmission performance and higher triplet state energy level, is not easy to crystallize, and has good thermal stability and film forming property; the compound provided by the invention is used as a main material and a doping material to be applied to an OLED device, and can effectively improve the luminous efficiency and prolong the service life of the device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an organic electroluminescent device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the cathode layer comprises a substrate, 2, an anode layer, 3, a hole transport layer, 4, a light emitting layer, 5, an electron transport layer, 6, an electron injection layer, 7 and a cathode layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and enable one skilled in the art to practice the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples and drawings, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
The experimental methods and the detection methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
The general structural formula of the pyrimidine bipolar compound provided by the invention is shown as the following formula (I):
wherein L is a phenylene group or a substituted phenylene group, and when L is a substituted phenylene group, these substituents are a hydrogen atom, a halogen, an alkyl group of C1 to C6, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a 4-pyridyl group and a trifluoromethyl group; m and n are any integer between 0 and 2;
D 1 、D 2 are each an electron donating group, D 1 、D 2 Are independently selected from the group consisting of formula (II), formula (III), formula (IV), formula (V) and formula (VI):
in the formula (II), Ar 1 、Ar 2 Each independently selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted aryl or condensed ring aryl of C6-C30, substituted or unsubstituted condensed heterocyclic group of C6-C30, five-membered heterocyclic ring, six-membered heterocyclic ring or substituted heterocyclic ring, and substituted or unsubstituted amino;
in the formula (III), R 1 、R 2 Independently selected from any one of hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups of C1-C6, alkoxy groups of C1-C6, substituted or unsubstituted aryl or fused ring aryl of C6-C30, substituted or unsubstituted fused heterocyclic groups of C6-C30 and substituted or unsubstituted amino groups;
x in the formula (IV) 1 And X 2 X in the formula (V) 3 And X in the formula (VI) 4 Are all oxygen atom, sulfur atom, C-m 1 m 2 Or N-m 3 ;
Wherein m is 1 、m 2 Are respectively and independently selected from hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups of C1-C6, phenyl or biphenyl;
m 3 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl or condensed ring aryl of C6-C30, substituted or unsubstituted of C6-C30Any one of substituted fused heterocyclic groups.
According to the pyrimidine bipolar compound provided by the invention, a pyrimidine group is used as an acceptor (A) and is connected with two electron donors (D) with different structures to obtain the D-A-D bipolar compound, and the D-A-D bipolar compound can be used as a doping material or a main material of an organic electroluminescent diode to realize high brightness, low voltage, high efficiency and long service life of an organic Electroluminescent (EL) element. The material has smaller singlet state energy and triplet state energy difference (delta Est), can realize the reversal from triplet state energy to singlet state energy, and has thermal activity time delay fluorescence property (TADF). The pyrimidine bipolar compound shows excellent properties when being used as a main material, on one hand, the bipolar characteristic effectively enriches holes and electrons in a light-emitting layer, increases an exciton recombination zone, effectively improves the efficiency and the service life of a device, and reduces the attenuation of the efficiency; on the other hand, the TADF material can effectively sensitize the luminescent material as a main body material with TADF property, effectively improve the efficiency and the service life of the device, optimize the spectrum of the TADF material and improve the color purity of the TADF device.
In the following, we specifically take part in the example of pyrimidine bipolar compounds, and provide the synthesis method of the compounds of the present invention; the following intermediates 1-1, 1-2, 1-4, 2-1, 2-3, 6-1 and 6-3 were all synthesized according to the existing methods.
Example 1
(1) Synthesis of intermediates 1 to 3:
30g of intermediate 1-1, 19.6g of intermediate 1-2, 13.9g of potassium carbonate, 1.1g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 300ml of toluene, 200ml of ethanol and 100ml of water are added into a 1L three-necked bottle, nitrogen is introduced to remove air in the system, 0.39g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium is added, the temperature is increased to 80 ℃, the reaction is stirred and reacted for 6 hours, the temperature is reduced to room temperature for liquid separation, an organic phase is washed to be neutral by water, the organic phase passes through a column after being dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate, toluene is recrystallized to obtain 28.0g of intermediate 1-3 totally, and the yield is 87.2%.
Nuclear magnetic spectrum data of intermediates 1 to 3: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.80(s,2H),7.71(s,1H),7.54(d,J=7.6,4H),7.48-7.50(m,2H),7.41-7.43(m,6H),7.19(t,J=7.6,1H),7.13(t,J=7.6,1H)。
(2) synthesis of Compound 1:
adding 25g of intermediate 1-3, 15.4g of intermediate 1-4, 10.9g of potassium carbonate, 0.85g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 300ml of toluene, 200ml of ethanol and 100ml of water into a 1L three-necked bottle, introducing nitrogen to remove air in the system, adding 0.30g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for reaction for 10 hours, cooling to room temperature for liquid separation, washing an organic phase to be neutral, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, passing through a column, and recrystallizing with toluene to obtain 24.1g of the compound 1 totally, wherein the yield is 81.6%.
Nuclear magnetic spectrum data of compound 1: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.80(s,2H),7.71(s,1H),7.54(d,J=7.6,4H),7.48-7.50(m,2H),7.41-7.43(m,2H),7.19(t,J=7.6,1H),7.13(t,J=7.6,1H)。
example 2
(1) Synthesis of intermediate 2-2:
30g of intermediate 2-1, 23.5g of intermediate 1-2, 16.8g of potassium carbonate, 1.3g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 300ml of toluene, 200ml of ethanol and 100ml of water are added into a 1L three-necked bottle, nitrogen is introduced to remove air in the system, 0.47g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium is added, the temperature is increased to 80 ℃, the mixture is stirred and reacted for 6 hours, the mixture is cooled to room temperature for liquid separation, an organic phase is washed to be neutral by water, the organic phase passes through a column after being dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate, toluene is recrystallized to obtain 27.2g of intermediate 2-2 altogether, and the yield is 83.7%.
Nuclear magnetic spectrum data of intermediate 2-2: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.80(s,2H),7.71(s,1H),7.54(d,J=7.6,4H),7.48-7.50(m,2H),7.41-7.43(m,6H),7.19(t,J=7.6,1H),7.13(t,J=7.6,1H)。
(2) synthesis of Compound 2:
adding 25g of intermediate 2-2, 23.0g of intermediate 2-3, 12.9g of potassium carbonate, 1.0g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 300ml of toluene, 200ml of ethanol and 100ml of water into a 1L three-necked bottle, introducing nitrogen to remove air in the system, adding 0.36g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for reaction for 8 hours, cooling to room temperature for liquid separation, washing an organic phase to be neutral, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, passing through a column, and recrystallizing with toluene to obtain 27.0g of compound 2 in total, wherein the yield is 76.8%.
Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy data for compound 2: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.84(s,2H),7.77(s,1H),7.71(s,1H),7.54(s,5H),7.46-7.49(m,3H),7.40-7.42(m,3H),7.30-7.35(m,6H),7.19(t,J=7.6,1H),7.13(t,J=7.6,1H),7.08(t,J=7.6,1H),7.00(t,J=7.6,1H)。
example 3
(1) Synthesis of intermediate 6-2:
30g of intermediate 6-1, 16.7g of intermediate 1-2, 11.9g of potassium carbonate, 0.93g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 300ml of toluene, 200ml of ethanol and 100ml of water are added into a 1L three-necked bottle, nitrogen is introduced to remove air in the system, 0.33g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium is added, the temperature is increased to 80 ℃, the reaction is stirred for 6 hours, the temperature is reduced to room temperature for liquid separation, an organic phase is washed to be neutral, dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the organic phase passes through a column, and toluene is recrystallized to obtain 25.3g of intermediate 6-2 totally, and the yield is 79.6%.
Nuclear magnetic spectrum data of intermediate 6-2: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.80(s,2H),7.90(d,J=7.2,1H),7.84(d,J=7.6,1H),7.77(s,1H),7.54-7.60(m,6H),7.38(t,J=7.6,1H),7.28(t,J=7.6,1H),7.14(t,J=7.6,4H),7.05-7.08(m,6H)。
(2) synthesis of Compound 6:
adding 25g of intermediate 6-2, 22.0g of intermediate 6-3, 9.4g of potassium carbonate, 0.73g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 300ml of toluene, 200ml of ethanol and 100ml of water into a 1L three-necked bottle, introducing nitrogen to remove air in the system, adding 0.26g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for reaction for 8 hours, cooling to room temperature for liquid separation, washing an organic phase to be neutral, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, passing through a column, and recrystallizing with toluene to obtain 27.3g of compound 6 in total, wherein the yield is 72.6%.
Nuclear magnetic spectrum data of compound 6: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.84(s,2H),8.06(d,J=7.2,1H),7.90(d,J=7.2,1H),7.84(d,J=7.6,1H),7.77(s,2H),7.69(m,1H),7.54-7.61(m,7H),7.44-7.46(m,2H),7.24-7.38(m,10H),7.14(t,J=7.6,4H),7.05-7.08(m,6H),1.67(s,6H)。
the following tests were performed on some of the compounds provided by the present invention and the thermal and orbital level parameters of the existing materials, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 thermal and orbital energy level parameters for compounds of the invention and prior materials
Note: the thermogravimetric temperature Td is a temperature at which 1% weight loss occurs in a nitrogen atmosphere, and is measured on a TGA-50H thermogravimetric analyzer of Shimadzu corporation, Japan, and the nitrogen flow rate is 20 ml/min; the Tg temperature was measured on a DSC-60 differential scanning calorimeter from Shimadzu corporation, Japan, and the nitrogen flow was 10 ml/min; HOMO/LUOMO energy level is data obtained by simulation calculation in Gaussian 09 software, and the calculation method adopts a B3LYP hybridization functional, and the group is 6-31g (d).
The data in table 1 show that the compound provided by the invention has higher thermal stability, so that the compound has better film-forming property, and the service life of the prepared OLED device containing the compound is prolonged; the compounds of the invention also have different HOMO energy levels and can be applied to different functional layers.
In the following, some of the compounds provided by the present invention are taken as examples, and applied to an organic electroluminescent device as a luminescent layer material (host material and/or dopant material) to verify the excellent effects achieved by the compounds.
Specifically, the excellent effect of the OLED material applied to the device is detailed through the device performances of device examples 1-12 and comparative examples 1 and 2. The structure manufacturing processes of the devices of examples 1 to 12 of the invention are completely the same as those of comparative examples 1 and 2, and the same glass substrate and electrode material are adopted, the thickness of the electrode material film is kept consistent, and the difference is that the material of the luminescent layer is adjusted, which is as follows.
Device application example
Device example 1
The present embodiment provides an organic electroluminescent device, which has a structure as shown in fig. 1, and includes a substrate 1, an anode layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a light emitting layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, an electron injection layer 6, and a cathode layer 7, which are sequentially stacked.
Wherein, the anode layer 2 material is selected from Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) with high common function; TAPC is selected as the material of the hole transport layer 3, and the thickness is 80 nm; the light-emitting layer 4 uses the compound 1 as a Host (Host) material, Ir (mphmq) 2 (tmd) as a Dopant (Dopant) material, with a Dopant amount ratio of 2%, with a thickness of 30 nm; TPBI is selected as the material of the electron transport layer 5, and the thickness is 40 nm; the material of the electron injection layer 6 is lithium fluoride with the thickness of 1 nm; the cathode layer is made of Al and has a thickness of 80 nm.
The structural formula of the basic material used by each functional layer in the device is as follows:
the organic electroluminescent device is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1) the transparent substrate layer is a transparent substrate, such as a transparent PI film, glass and the like, the ITO anode layer on the transparent substrate is washed, alkali washing, ultrapure water washing and drying are sequentially carried out, and then ultraviolet-ozone washing is carried out to remove organic residues on the surface of the transparent ITO;
(2) depositing TAPC with a thickness of 80nm as a hole transport layer on the ITO anode layer by using a vacuum deposition apparatus;
(3) after the completion of the evaporation of the hole transport material, a light-emitting layer of an OLED light-emitting device was fabricated by using Compound 1 as the Host material and Ir (mphmq) 2 (tmd) is a Dopant material, the doping ratio of the Dopant material is 2% by weight, and the thickness of the luminescent layer is 30 nm;
(4) continuing vacuum evaporation of an electron transport material TPBI as an electron transport layer with the thickness of 40nm after the light-emitting layer;
(5) on the electron transport layer, a lithium fluoride layer with the film thickness of 1nm is manufactured by vacuum evaporation to be used as an electron injection layer;
(6) on the electron injection layer, an aluminum layer having a film thickness of 80nm was formed as a cathode electrode layer by vacuum evaporation.
After the OLED device is manufactured, the anode and the cathode are connected by a driving circuit, and the current efficiency, the luminous brightness and the service life of the device are measured.
Device example 2
Same as device example 1, except that: compound 2 was substituted for compound 1 as the Host material.
Device example 3
Same as device example 1, except that: compound 3 was used as Host material instead of compound 1.
Device example 4
Same as device example 1, except that: compound 4 was substituted for compound 1 as the Host material.
Device example 5
Same as device example 1, except that: compound 8 was substituted for compound 1 as the Host material.
Device example 6
Same as device example 1, except that: compound 9 was substituted for compound 1 as the Host material.
Device example 7
Same as device example 1, except that: compound 10 was substituted for compound 1 as the Host material.
Device example 8
Same as device example 1, except that: compound 29 was substituted for compound 1 as the Host material.
Device example 9
Same as device example 1, except that: replacement of Compound 1 with CBP as Host Material and Ir (mphmq) with Compound 38 as Dopant Material 2 (tmd)。
Device example 10
Same as device example 9, except that: compound 39 was substituted for compound 38 as the Dopant material.
Device example 11
Same as device example 9, except that: compound 50 was substituted for compound 38 as the Dopant material.
Device example 12
Same as device example 9, except that: compound 51 was substituted for compound 38 as the Dopant material.
Comparative example 1
Same as device example 9, except that: mixing Ir (mphmq) 2 (tmd) as a Dopant material in place of compound 38.
Comparative example 2
Same as device example 9, except that: DPAVBi was substituted for compound 38 as the Dopant material.
In the embodiments 1 to 12, the synthesized compound is used as the main material of the light emitting layer and the doping material of the light emitting layer in the OLED device, compared with the comparative example, the manufacturing processes of the devices in the embodiments 1 to 12 are completely the same, the adopted substrate material and the adopted electrode material are also completely the same, the film thickness of the electrode material is also kept consistent, and the device performance testing method is the same as the comparative example. The test results of the resulting devices are shown in table 2:
table 2 performance results for each group of organic electroluminescent devices
Note: the half life test in the table is that the device is 1000cd/m 2 Decay time at brightness.
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, compared with a device using the existing material CBP as a Host material, in device embodiments 1 to 8, after the compound is used as a Host material, the driving voltage of the device is reduced by about 25%, the half life is prolonged by about 85%, and the current efficiency and the light-emitting brightness are both improved, so that the material can be applied to an OLED device as the Host material to improve the performance of the device; in addition, compared with a device using the existing material DPAVBi as the dock material, after the material is used as the dock material in device examples 9-12, the driving voltage of the device is reduced by about 25%, the half life is improved by about 2 times, and the current efficiency and the light-emitting brightness are improved, so that the material can be applied to an OLED device as the dock material to improve the performance of the device.
Compared with the existing materials, the material of the invention can greatly improve the performance of the device when being applied to OLED devices, especially Host materials and company materials, and is a novel organic OLED functional material with a development prospect.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that such changes and modifications be included within the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
2. use of the pyrimidine bipolar compound according to claim 1 in an organic electroluminescent device.
3. An organic electroluminescent device comprising a light-emitting layer, characterized in that the light-emitting layer material comprises the pyrimidine bipolar compound according to claim 1.
4. Use of the organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 3 in an organic electroluminescent display device.
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