CN110036738B - Method and system for predicting use amount of potassium fertilizer of middle rice based on straw returning - Google Patents
Method and system for predicting use amount of potassium fertilizer of middle rice based on straw returning Download PDFInfo
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- CN110036738B CN110036738B CN201910461382.0A CN201910461382A CN110036738B CN 110036738 B CN110036738 B CN 110036738B CN 201910461382 A CN201910461382 A CN 201910461382A CN 110036738 B CN110036738 B CN 110036738B
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for predicting the use amount of a potassium fertilizer of medium rice based on straw returning, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining the yield of the target plot and the potassium demand of the reaction; acquiring the potassium demand of the target plot grains and the non-returned straws; obtaining the residual effect of the quaternary potassium of the target plot; and predicting the amount of the potash fertilizer in the season of the target plot according to the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction, the potassium demand moved by the balance grains, the potassium demand moved by the balance straws and the residual effect of the potassium in the season. The invention comprehensively considers the potassium yield reaction of the medium rice, the removal of grains and straws and the residual potassium fertilizer, and refers to the potassium balance condition of soil for adjustment, thereby promoting the virtuous cycle and utilization of potassium and ensuring the high yield and high efficiency of rice production. In addition, the method not only efficiently utilizes a large amount of potassium resources brought into the soil by the straws, but also can correspondingly adjust the using amount of the potassium fertilizer according to the field straw returning proportion, thereby realizing the purpose of accurately applying the potassium fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural resource environment, in particular to a method and a system for predicting the use amount of a medium rice potash fertilizer based on straw returning.
Background
The rice is one of the most important grain crops, the planting area of the rice reaches more than 3000 million hectares, the rice is widely distributed in low latitude, middle latitude and high latitude areas, and the rice can be divided into one-season rice, middle rice, early rice and late rice according to the planting season and crop rotation system. The middle rice is mainly planted in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, southwest and north China, and is mainly used for paddy-upland rotation with crops such as winter wheat and rape. The potassium has important significance for the growth and development of rice, can promote photosynthesis and enhance the stress resistance of the rice.
However, the research on potassium nutrition of rice is late, and the equal high recognition with nitrogen nutrition cannot be achieved. And because the potassium fertilizer is deficient in resources and highly depends on import, the price of the potassium fertilizer is high, and the enthusiasm of farmers for applying potassium is influenced.
In view of the fact that straw incineration is strictly prohibited nationwide, the rate of straw return to middle rice fields is gradually increasing. More than 80% of potassium contained in rice plants is distributed in rice straws, and how to efficiently utilize the potassium becomes a hotspot of current research. Researchers at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of research aiming at the reasonable amount and the application method of the potassium fertilizer for rice, and also put forward a plurality of recommended fertilization methods, such as soil testing recommended fertilization, leaf nutrition diagnosis, fertilizer effect functions and the like, so as to lay a solid foundation for the efficient utilization of the potassium fertilizer.
However, if the whole amount of the straws are returned to the field or part of the straws are returned to the field, the potassium element brought into the soil by the part of the straws is ignored, and the deviation of the recommended use amount of the potassium fertilizer is caused. However, the substitution effect and proportion of the straw potassium to the potassium fertilizer are not reached to a unified recognition and recognized method.
Therefore, in consideration of the potassium supplement effect of returning to the field, when the potassium fertilizer is recommended for the production of middle-aged rice, a prediction method which gives consideration to both potassium fertilizer optimized fertilization and straw returning is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for predicting the use amount of a medium rice potash fertilizer based on straw returning.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for predicting a use amount of a medium rice potash fertilizer based on straw returning, including:
acquiring the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction of the target plot, wherein the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction represents the potassium element quantity required by the rice yield increment part, and the yield reaction represents the yield increment of the rice subjected to potassium fertilizer treatment of the target plot compared with the rice not subjected to potassium fertilizer treatment;
acquiring potassium demand of the target plot for balancing potassium removal amount of grains and potassium demand of the target plot for balancing potassium removal amount of straw not returned to the field, wherein the potassium demand of the balance potassium removal amount of grains represents potassium amount contained in the current estimated grain yield of the target plot in season, and the potassium demand of the balance potassium removal amount of straw not returned to the field represents potassium amount contained in the straw not returned to the field;
obtaining the residual effect of the last-season potassium of the target plot, wherein the residual effect of the last-season potassium is the residual potassium of the last-season of the target plot;
predicting the potassium fertilizer usage amount of the target plot in the season according to the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction, the potassium demand for balancing the kernel potassium removal amount, the potassium demand for balancing the straw potassium removal amount without returning to the field and the residual effect of the potassium in the season, and specifically comprises the following steps:
O＝A1+A2+A3-A4，
wherein O represents the amount of potash fertilizer in the season of the target plot, A1Represents the corresponding potassium demand of the production reaction, A2The potassium demand, A, representing the potassium removal of the equilibrium kernel3The potassium demand representing the potassium removal amount of the balanced straw which is not returned to the field, A4Representing the quaternary potassium residual effect.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a medium rice potash fertilizer usage amount prediction system based on straw returning, including:
the yield reaction module is used for obtaining the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction of the target plot, the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction represents the potassium element quantity required by the rice yield increment part, and the yield reaction represents the yield increment of rice processed by applying potassium fertilizer to the target plot compared with rice processed without applying potassium fertilizer;
a potassium balance module, configured to obtain a potassium demand for balancing a potassium removal amount of grains of the target land and a potassium demand for balancing a potassium removal amount of straw not returned to field, where the potassium demand for balancing the potassium removal amount of grains indicates a potassium amount contained in a current-season estimated grain yield of the target land, and the potassium demand for balancing the potassium removal amount of straw not returned to field indicates a potassium amount contained in straw not returned to field;
a residual module, configured to obtain an upper-season potassium residual effect of the target plot, where the upper-season potassium residual effect is an upper-season residual potassium amount of the target plot;
a prediction module, configured to predict the current-season potash fertilizer usage of the target plot according to the corresponding potassium demand of the yield reaction, the potassium demand of the balanced grain potassium removal amount, the potassium demand of the balanced not-returned straw potassium removal amount, and the last-season potassium residual effect, specifically including:
O＝A1+A2+A3-A4，
wherein O represents the amount of potash fertilizer in the season of the target plot, A1Represents the corresponding potassium demand of the production reaction, A2Denotes the potassium removal of the equilibrium kernel, A3Represents the potassium removal amount of the balanced straw which is not returned to the field, A4Representing the quaternary potassium residual effect.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method for predicting the amount of potash fertilizer in middle rice based on straw returning to field provided in the first aspect.
The method and the system for predicting the potassium fertilizer consumption of the middle rice based on straw returning to the field comprehensively consider the potassium amount required by the reaction of the middle rice yield, the potassium removal amount of grains, the potassium removal amount of straws and the potassium fertilizer residue in the last season, and adjust by referring to the potassium balance condition of soil, so that the virtuous cycle and utilization of potassium are promoted, and the high yield and high efficiency of rice production are ensured. In addition, the method not only efficiently utilizes a large amount of potassium resources brought into the soil by the straws, but also can correspondingly adjust the using amount of the potassium fertilizer according to the field straw returning proportion, thereby realizing the purpose of accurately applying the potassium fertilizer.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for predicting the amount of potash fertilizer in middle rice based on straw returning to field according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for predicting the amount of potash fertilizer in middle rice based on straw returning to field according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic physical structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
To address the limitation of the conventional potassium fertilizer dosage recommendation, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for predicting potassium fertilizer dosage of middle rice based on straw returning, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s1, acquiring potassium demand corresponding to yield reaction of the target plot, wherein the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction represents potassium element quantity required by rice yield reaction, and the yield reaction represents yield increment of rice processed by applying potassium fertilizer to the target plot compared with rice processed without applying potassium fertilizer;
s2, acquiring potassium demand of balanced grain potassium removal quantity of the target plot and potassium demand of balanced straw potassium removal quantity of the non-returning field, wherein the potassium demand of balanced grain potassium removal quantity represents the potassium quantity contained in the current estimated grain yield of the target plot in season, and the potassium demand of balanced straw potassium removal quantity of the non-returning field represents the potassium quantity contained in the non-returning field;
s3, obtaining the residual effect of the last season potassium of the target plot, wherein the residual effect of the last season potassium is the residual potassium of the last season of the target plot;
s4, predicting the current-season potash fertilizer usage of the target plot according to the corresponding potassium demand of the yield reaction, the potassium demand of the balanced grain potassium removal amount, the potassium demand of the balanced returning-to-field straw potassium removal amount and the last-season potassium residual effect, and specifically comprises the following steps:
O＝A1+A2+A3-A4，(1)
wherein O represents the amount of potash fertilizer in the season of the target plot, A1Represents the corresponding potassium demand of the production reaction, A2The potassium demand, A, representing the potassium removal of the equilibrium kernel3The potassium demand representing the potassium removal amount of the balanced straw which is not returned to the field, A4Representing the quaternary potassium residual effect.
Firstly, acquiring the potassium demand corresponding to the yield response of a target plot, wherein the yield response of the target plot refers to that the target plot is respectively subjected to potassium fertilizer application treatment and potassium fertilizer non-application treatment, and acquiring the increase of the rice yield of the target plot after potassium application treatment compared with the rice yield of the target plot after potassium non-application treatment, wherein the increase represents the yield response of the target plot.
And aiming at the increment, acquiring the potassium element dosage required when the rice yield of the target plot is increased by the increment size, namely the potassium required amount corresponding to the yield reaction of the target plot.
And then acquiring the potassium demand of the target plot for balancing the potassium removal amount of the grains and the potassium demand of the target plot for balancing the potassium removal amount of the straw which is not returned to the field, wherein the potassium demand of the balance potassium removal amount of the grains represents the potassium amount contained in the current estimated yield of the grains of the target plot, and the potassium demand of the balance potassium removal amount of the straw which is not returned to the field represents the potassium amount contained in the straw which is not returned to the field.
And then obtaining the quaternary potassium residual effect of the target plot, wherein the quaternary potassium residual effect represents the content of the residual potassium in the target plot.
And finally, predicting the potassium fertilizer consumption of the current season of the target plot according to the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction, the potassium demand for balancing the potassium removal amount of the seeds, the potassium demand for balancing the potassium removal amount of the straws which are not returned to the field and the residual effect of the potassium in the last season, wherein the specific prediction method is obtained by calculation according to a formula (1):
O＝A1+A2+A3-A4， (1)
wherein O represents the amount of potash fertilizer in the season of the target plot, A1Indicating the amount of potassium required in the production reaction, A2Indicating the amount of potassium required to balance the potassium removal from the kernel, A3Indicating the amount of potassium required to balance the amount of potassium removed from the straw which is not returned to the field, A4Indicating the quaternary potassium residual effect.
The invention provides a method for predicting the use amount of a medium rice potash fertilizer based on straw returning, which takes the use amount of potassium required by the medium rice potash fertilizer yield reaction as a main body, comprehensively considers the removal amount of rice grains and straw potassium and the residual effect of the medium rice potash fertilizer in the previous season, maintains the balance range of apparent potassium of soil not to exceed 10% of the potassium absorption amount of the overground part of rice, and finally provides the use amount of the potassium fertilizer in the current season of a target plot.
On the basis of the above examples, preferably, the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction can be calculated by the formula (2):
A1＝ΔA×RIEk/REk， (2)
wherein Δ A represents the yield response, RIE, of the target plotkIndicating potassium absorption of medium rice ton grain, REkRepresenting the target recovery of the potash fertilizer.
Specifically, the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction can be calculated by the formula (2), and the unit of the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction is kg · K2O/ha, the unit of potassium absorption of medium rice per ton is kg.K2O/t, the recovery rate of the potash fertilizer is percentage.
It should be noted that, in the examples of the present invention, the potassium absorption parameter RIE of medium rice per ton grainkIs 25.1 kg. K2O/t,RIEkBased on the multi-point field test data of the middle rice for years, the method comprises the steps of rice yield and potassium absorption of the overground part, and calculating the optimal potassium absorption amount of the middle rice per unit yield by utilizing a QUEFTS model.
Target recovery rate RE of potash fertilizerkIs estimated according to the current potassium utilization rate in the season under the conditions of optimized fertilization and optimal field managementThe reference value is 50%. Potassium harvest index HIkIs the ratio of potassium absorption of the grains to the overground part, and is also based on multi-year multi-point field test data, and the reference value is 0.17.
On the basis of the above examples, in particular, the yield reaction was obtained by the formula (3):
ΔA＝M1-M2， (3)
wherein M is1Represents the yield of medium rice after potassium treatment, M2Represents the yield of medium rice after no potassium treatment.
Since the yield response indicates the yield increase between potassium-applied and non-potassium-applied treatments, the yield response was obtained by subtracting the yield of the medium rice after potassium-applied treatment from the yield of the medium rice after non-potassium-applied treatment.
On the basis of the above examples, the production reaction can preferably also be obtained by:
obtaining the relative yield of potassium according to the ratio of the yield of the rice in the potassium reduction treatment to the yield of the potassium application treatment;
obtaining a potassium yield reaction coefficient according to the relative yield of potassium;
and multiplying the potassium yield reaction coefficient by the target yield to obtain the yield reaction.
In the specific implementation process, if the potassium test is not carried out, the yield reaction cannot be directly calculated, and the yield reaction can also be indirectly calculated by the following two methods.
The yield response is the target yield × potassium yield response coefficient according to the yield response coefficients corresponding to the high, medium and low three levels of the land level, wherein table 1 shows a potassium yield response coefficient table corresponding to different land levels, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Grade of soil fertility | Reaction coefficient of potassium yield |
| Soil with low fertility | 0.15 |
| Medium fertility soil | 0.09 |
| High fertility soil | 0.05 |
As can be seen from table 1, different potassium yield response coefficients can be obtained according to soil fertility grades, the potassium yield response coefficient corresponding to low fertility soil is 0.15, the potassium yield response coefficient corresponding to medium fertility soil is 0.09, and the potassium yield response coefficient corresponding to high fertility soil is 0.05. The yield reaction can be obtained by multiplying the potassium yield reaction coefficient by the target yield. As shown in table 1: wherein the potassium production response coefficient is based on multi-point historical data for years. The data are the yield of potassium reduction treatment and the potassium application yield data obtained by the fertilizer test in the middle-season rice field developed in China (2000-2017).
The first method comprises the following steps: and determining the yield reaction according to the measurement grades of the organic matters, the quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium of the target plot. And if the soil test result does not exist, judging the organic matter content according to the texture and the color of the soil, and evaluating the soil fertility grade. Table 2 shows the critical value indexes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil test. As shown in table 2: further judging the soil fertility grade through quick-acting nitrogen, and if the quick-acting nitrogen > is 180mg/kg, upgrading the soil fertility grade into a middle grade and a high grade according to the low grade and the middle grade of the organic matter test value respectively; if the rapid-acting nitrogen is <100mg/kg, the "high" rating is degraded to a "medium" rating according to the organic matter test value.
TABLE 2
The second method comprises the following steps: table 3 shows another soil fertility rating evaluation table, which can be used to re-evaluate soil fertility rating according to the contents in table 3.
TABLE 3
According to the soil fertility grades obtained in Table 2 or Table 3, and in combination with Table 1, the potassium production response can be obtained.
On the basis of the above embodiment, preferably, the potassium demand for the balance kernel potassium removal amount of the target plot is calculated by the formula (4):
A2＝D×RIEk×HIk， (4)
wherein D represents the target yield of the target plot, RIEkIndicating potassium absorption, HI, of medium rice ton grainkIndicating the potassium harvest index.
On the basis of the above embodiment, preferably, the potassium demand of the potassium removal amount of the balanced unburnt straw of the target plot is calculated by the formula (5):
A3＝D×RIEk×(1-HIk)×(1-P1)×a， (5)
wherein D represents a target yield, RIE, of the target plotkIndicating potassium absorption, HI, of medium rice ton grainkDenotes the potassium harvest index, P1The straw returning proportion is shown, and a represents a potassium balance coefficient.
The value of a is preferably 0.2, and 0.2 is the optimal parameter recommendation which is provided by considering the straw returning proportion of the main production area of the middle rice and the apparent balance result of soil potassium and is used for correcting the straw returning and removing potassium so as to maintain the potassium absorption of the overground part within the range of +/-10% of the potassium profit and loss of the soil. In the process of applying the method, adjustment can be carried out according to the actual pre-estimated potassium balance result.
The input amount of the fertilizer potassium of the previous rice crop is according to actual investigation dataObtaining, the potassium removal amount of the upper-season crop seeds is equal to the upper-season yield RIEk*HIkTop season crop straw potassium removal rate (top season yield) RIEk*(1-HIk) (1-returning to field ratio).
Specifically, the target yield is obtained by formula (6):
D＝d×P2， (6)
wherein d represents the average yield of rice in the historical time period of the target plot, P2Representing the target yield coefficient.
In the embodiment of the invention, the historical time period is 3-5 years in the past, P2Is 1.1. Determining the target yield of the rice according to the average yield of the rice without biological adversity stress in the last 3-5 years of the target plot: the target yield is the average yield of the past × 1.1.
On the basis of the above example, preferably, the quaternary potassium residual effect is calculated by formula (7):
A4＝(H1-H2)×P3， (7)
wherein H1Expressing the input amount of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer of the crops on the target farmland, H2Representing the potassium removal amount, P, of the quaternary crop on the target field3Representing a preset ratio.
Considering the risk of runoff and leakage loss of surplus potassium in the soil of the previous season, the residual effect of the potassium fertilizer of the previous season is estimated according to the balance surplus of apparent potassium in the soil of the previous season multiplied by a preset proportion, and in general, P is3Is 0.8. Whereas if the quaternary potassium is in a deficient state, the residual effect, P, is not considered3Is 0.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
1. the potassium fertilizer prediction fertilization method based on straw returning caters to the big trend of straw returning in China, not only efficiently utilizes a large amount of potassium resources brought into soil by the straws, but also can correspondingly adjust the using amount of the potassium fertilizer according to the field straw returning proportion, and achieves the purpose of accurately applying the potassium fertilizer.
2. The recommended potassium applying method comprehensively considers the amount of potassium needed by the medium rice yield reaction, the returned seed and the straw to remove the amount of potassium and the last-season potassium fertilizer residue, and adjusts by referring to the potassium balance condition of soil, so that the virtuous cycle and utilization of potassium are promoted, and the high yield and high efficiency of rice production can be ensured.
3. Compared with the habit of farmers for fertilization, the recommended potassium applying method carries out targeted recommendation according to yield reaction of potassium fertilizers in different plots, overcomes the blindness of habit of farmers for fertilization, and can make one formula in one family accord with the operation mode of China with small farmers as main bodies; according to the method, only scientific researchers or farmers need to obtain a plurality of items of basic information on the land parcels to which the potash fertilizer is pre-applied, and then the proper amount of the potash fertilizer can be obtained through calculation according to the formula.
4. The field verification test shows that the use amount of the potash fertilizer recommended by the fertilizing method promotes the efficient utilization of the medium rice potash fertilizer, avoids excessive deficiency or surplus of soil potassium balance, and achieves the purpose of increasing both production and income of farmers.
In order to verify the validity of the scheme, a field verification test needs to be carried out, the field test is carried out in 2017 in 2 main intermediate rice producing areas of Hubei province and Anhui province, the verification is carried out aiming at the recommended potassium applying method under the condition of returning intermediate rice straws to the field, and 10 test points are counted, wherein 5 test points are obtained in Anhui province and 5 test points are obtained in Hubei province.
Before planting middle rice, surveying the planting condition of each test site plot, knowing the rotation, fertilization, yield and straw returning condition in the past year, determining the target yield and yield reaction according to the survey result, calculating the recommended potassium fertilizer dosage and the corresponding nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer dosage (similar to the recommended method) by the optimized recommended potassium application method (OPT), and setting local soil testing formula fertilization treatment (ST) and farmer habit fertilization treatment (FP) as comparison.
Table 4 is a graph showing the results of predicting the amount of fertilizer applied using three different methods, as shown in table 4, where OPT represents the optimized recommended amount of fertilizer applied based on this method; ST represents the recommended amount of fertilizer to be applied based on soil testing; FP represents the amount of fertilizer applied by farmers.
Due to the fact thatThe straw returning proportion of multiple test points in Hubei province is higher, so that the recommended amount of the potassium fertilizer based on straw returning is greatly reduced compared with ST and FP treatment, and the potassium application amount result shows that the range of the potassium fertilizer used in the OPT treatment range is 51-112 kg.K2O/ha, average recommended dose of 64 kg.K2O/ha; the dosage ranges of ST and FP potassium fertilizer treatment are respectively 75-102 kg.K2O/ha and 88-135 kg.K2O/ha in an average amount of 89 and 112 kg.K2And O/ha. The situation of Anhui province test points is different, local farmers pay little attention to the use of the potassium fertilizer, the habitual potassium application amount is low, and the average dosage is 67 kg.K2O/ha, so that the residual effect of the top-season potash fertilizer is not considered in most cases when the fertilization is recommended, and the average dosage of the OPT treatment is 105 kg.K2O/ha in the range of 54-126 kg.K2O/ha, the results are slightly higher than the local soil testing formula recommendations.
TABLE 4
Table 5 shows the average rice yield, potassium utilization, soil potassium balance and economic benefit comparison among different treatments, as shown in table 5, the yield of OPT-treated mid-rice of north Hu province and Anhui province was 7145 and 8882kg/ha, respectively, from the final average yield results of 5 test points of the two provinces, with an increase of 0.8% and 8.4% compared to FP treatment, but slightly lower than ST treatment.
Similar to the yield results, the economic benefit of the recommended fertilization by the method is higher than that of the farmer's habit, but lower than that of the soil testing formula fertilization, and the yields of OPT, ST and FP treatments in Hubei province and Anhui province are 1.74, 1.76 and 1.70 and 1.87, 1.90 and 1.84 ten thousand yuan respectively.
From the analysis of the finally calculated soil apparent potassium balance profit and loss results, the potassium balance of OPT treatment in Hubei province and Anhui province is-14.4 and-6.9 kg.K respectively2And the soil potassium filling and deficiency value of the O/ha is respectively only 4.5 percent and 2.0 percent of the absorption amount of potassium on the upper part of the land, so that the input and output balance of the soil potassium is basically realized, and the sustainable supply capacity of the soil potassium is ensured. And two farmers are used to fertilizer application modeThe potassium balance of the soil is 36.8 and 36.7 kg.K respectively2O/ha, it can be seen that the blindness problem of farmers in two places to the application of potash fertilizers still exists.
The field verification test results show that the potash fertilizer recommendation method based on different straw returning ratios, which is provided by the research, can ensure the efficient utilization of the medium-rice potash fertilizer, and achieve the purpose of increasing both production and income of farmers.
TABLE 5
In summary, the method for predicting the potassium fertilizer consumption of the middle rice based on straw returning provided by the embodiment of the invention comprehensively considers the potassium amount required by the reaction of the middle rice yield, returning seeds, removing the potassium amount of the straws and the potassium fertilizer residue in the previous season, and adjusts by referring to the potassium balance condition of soil, so as to promote the virtuous cycle and utilization of potassium, thereby ensuring the high yield and high efficiency of rice production. In addition, the method not only efficiently utilizes a large amount of potassium resources brought into the soil by the straws, but also can correspondingly adjust the using amount of the potassium fertilizer according to the field straw returning proportion, thereby realizing the purpose of accurately applying the potassium fertilizer.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a medium rice potash fertilizer usage amount prediction system based on straw returning, according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the system includes: a yield response module 201, a potassium balance module 202, a residual module 203, and a prediction module 204, wherein:
the yield reaction module 201 is configured to obtain a potassium demand amount corresponding to a yield reaction of a target plot, where the potassium demand amount corresponding to the yield reaction indicates a potassium element amount required by a rice yield reaction, and the yield reaction indicates a yield increment of rice processed by applying potassium fertilizer to the target plot compared with rice processed without applying potassium fertilizer;
the potassium balance module 202 is configured to obtain a potassium demand for balancing a potassium removal amount of grains of the target land and a potassium demand for balancing a potassium removal amount of straw not returned to field, where the potassium demand for balancing a potassium removal amount of grains represents a potassium amount contained in a current-season estimated yield of grains of the target land, and the potassium demand for balancing a potassium removal amount of straw not returned to field represents a potassium amount contained in straw not returned to field.
The residual module 203 is used for acquiring the quaternary potassium residual effect of the target plot, wherein the quaternary potassium residual effect is the quaternary residual potassium amount of the target plot;
the predicting module 204 is configured to predict the current-season potash fertilizer usage of the target plot according to the corresponding potassium demand of the yield reaction, the potassium demand of the balanced grain potassium removal amount, the potassium demand of the balanced not-returned straw potassium removal amount, and the last-season potassium residual effect, and specifically includes:
O＝A1+A2+A3-A4，
wherein O represents the amount of potash fertilizer in the season of the target plot, A1Represents the corresponding potassium demand of the production reaction, A2The potassium demand, A, representing the potassium removal of the equilibrium kernel3The potassium demand representing the potassium removal amount of the balanced straw which is not returned to the field, A4Representing the quaternary potassium residual effect.
Specifically, first, the yield module 201 obtains a potassium demand amount corresponding to a yield response of a target plot, where the yield response of the target plot refers to distribution of potassium fertilizer application treatment and potassium fertilizer non-application treatment on the target plot, and obtains an increase of rice yield after potassium application compared with the target plot without potassium application, where the increase represents the yield response of the target plot.
And aiming at the increment, the rice yield of the target plot is obtained, the increment is increased, and the required potassium element is the potassium required amount corresponding to the yield reaction of the target plot.
Then, the kernel module 202 obtains the potassium demand for balancing kernel potassium removal and the potassium demand for balancing straw potassium removal without returning to the field of the target plot, where the potassium demand for balancing kernel potassium removal represents the potassium demand contained in the current estimated kernel yield of the target plot, and the potassium demand for balancing straw potassium removal without returning to the field represents the potassium demand contained in the straw without returning to the field.
The residual module 203 then obtains the quaternary potassium residual effect of the target plot, which represents the amount of potassium remaining in the target plot.
Finally, the prediction module 204 predicts the amount of potash fertilizer in the season of the target plot according to the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction, the potassium demand for potassium removal of balanced grains, the potassium demand for potassium removal of straw without returning to the field and the residual effect of potassium in the season, and the specific prediction method is as follows:
O＝A1+A2+A3-A4，
wherein O represents the amount of potash fertilizer in the season of the target plot, A1Indicating the amount of potassium required in the production reaction, A2Indicating the potassium requirement for potassium removal of the equilibrated kernel, A3Indicating the potassium demand of the potassium removal of the balanced un-returned straw, A4Indicating the quaternary potassium residual effect.
The specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the system is the same as that of the embodiment of the method described above, and please refer to the embodiment of the method for details, which is not described herein again.
Fig. 3 is a schematic entity structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the server may include: a processor (processor)310, a communication Interface (communication Interface)320, a memory (memory)330 and a bus 340, wherein the processor 310, the communication Interface 320 and the memory 330 complete communication with each other through the bus 340. The processor 310 may call logic instructions in the memory 330 to perform the following method:
acquiring potassium demand corresponding to yield reaction of a target plot, wherein the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction represents the potassium element amount required by rice yield reaction, and the yield reaction represents the yield increment of rice processed by applying potassium fertilizer to the target plot compared with rice processed without applying potassium fertilizer;
acquiring potassium demand of the target plot for balancing potassium removal amount of grains and potassium demand of the target plot for balancing potassium removal amount of straw not returned to the field, wherein the potassium demand of the balance potassium removal amount of grains represents potassium amount contained in the current estimated grain yield of the target plot in season, and the potassium demand of the balance potassium removal amount of straw not returned to the field represents potassium amount contained in the straw not returned to the field;
obtaining the residual effect of the last-season potassium of the target plot, wherein the residual effect of the last-season potassium is the residual potassium of the last-season of the target plot;
predicting the potassium fertilizer usage amount of the target plot in the season according to the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction, the potassium demand for balancing the kernel potassium removal amount, the potassium demand for balancing the straw potassium removal amount without returning to the field and the residual effect of the potassium in the season, and specifically comprises the following steps:
O＝A1+A2+A3-A4，
wherein O represents the amount of potash fertilizer in the season of the target plot, A1Represents the corresponding potassium demand of the production reaction, A2The potassium demand, A, representing the potassium removal of the equilibrium kernel3The potassium demand representing the potassium removal amount of the balanced straw which is not returned to the field, A4Representing the quaternary potassium residual effect.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 330 may be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the software functional units are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for predicting the use amount of a potassium fertilizer of middle rice based on straw returning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring potassium demand corresponding to yield reaction of a target plot, wherein the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction represents the potassium element amount required by rice yield reaction, and the yield reaction represents the yield increment of rice processed by applying potassium fertilizer to the target plot compared with rice processed without applying potassium fertilizer;
acquiring potassium demand of the target plot for balancing potassium removal amount of grains and potassium demand of the target plot for balancing potassium removal amount of straw not returned to the field, wherein the potassium demand of the balance potassium removal amount of grains represents potassium amount contained in the current estimated grain yield of the target plot in season, and the potassium demand of the balance potassium removal amount of straw not returned to the field represents potassium amount contained in the straw not returned to the field;
obtaining the residual effect of the last-season potassium of the target plot, wherein the residual effect of the last-season potassium is the residual potassium of the last-season of the target plot;
predicting the potassium fertilizer usage amount of the target plot in the season according to the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction, the potassium demand for balancing the kernel potassium removal amount, the potassium demand for balancing the straw potassium removal amount without returning to the field and the residual effect of the potassium in the season, and specifically comprises the following steps:
O＝A1+A2+A3-A4， (1)
wherein O represents the amount of potash fertilizer in the season of the target plot, A1Represents the corresponding potassium demand of the production reaction, A2The potassium demand, A, representing the potassium removal of the equilibrium kernel3The potassium demand representing the potassium removal amount of the balanced straw which is not returned to the field, A4Representing the quaternary potassium residual effect;
the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction can be calculated by the formula (2):
A1＝ΔA×RIEk/REk， (2)
wherein Δ A represents the yield response, RIE, of the target plotkIndicating potassium absorption of medium rice ton grain, REkRepresents the target recovery rate of the potash fertilizer;
the potassium demand of the potassium removal amount of the balanced un-returned straw of the target land parcel is calculated by the following formula:
A3＝D×RIEk×(1-HIk)×(1-P1)×a，
wherein D represents a target yield, RIE, of the target plotkIndicating potassium absorption, HI, of medium rice ton grainkDenotes the potassium harvest index, P1The return-to-field ratio of the straws is represented, a represents a potassium balance coefficient, the value of a is preferably 0.2, 0.2 is the optimal parameter recommendation which is provided by considering the return-to-field ratio of the straws in the main production area of the middle rice and the apparent balance result of the soil potassium, and the optimal parameter recommendation is used for correcting the return-to-field of the straws and removing the potassium so as to maintain the potassium absorption of the overground part within the range of +/-10 percent of the potassium profit and loss of the soil.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the yield response is obtained by equation (3):
ΔA＝M1-M2， (3)
wherein M is1Represents the yield of medium rice after potassium treatment, M2Represents the yield of medium rice after no potassium treatment.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the yield reaction is obtained by:
obtaining the relative yield of potassium according to the ratio of the yield of the rice in the potassium reduction treatment to the yield of the potassium application treatment;
obtaining a potassium yield reaction coefficient according to the relative yield of potassium;
and multiplying the potassium yield reaction coefficient by the target yield to obtain the yield reaction.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the potassium demand for balanced kernel potassium removal for the target plot is calculated by equation (4):
A2＝D×RIEk×HIk， (4)
wherein D represents a target yield, RIE, of the target plotkIndicating potassium absorption, HI, of medium rice ton grainkIndicating the potassium harvest index.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the target yield is obtained by equation (6):
D＝d×P2， (6)
wherein d represents the average yield of rice in the historical time period of the target plot, P2Representing the target yield coefficient.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the quaternary potassium residual effect is calculated by equation (7):
A4＝(H1-H2)×P3， (7)
wherein H1Expressing the input amount of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer of the crops on the target farmland, H2Representing the potassium removal amount, P, of the quaternary crop on the target field3Representing a preset ratio.
7. A medium rice potash fertilizer usage prediction system based on straw returning is characterized by comprising:
the yield reaction module is used for obtaining the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction of the target plot, wherein the potassium demand corresponding to the yield reaction represents the potassium element quantity required by the rice yield reaction, and the yield reaction represents the yield increment of rice processed by applying potassium fertilizer to the target plot compared with rice processed without applying potassium fertilizer;
a potassium balance module, configured to obtain a potassium demand for balancing a potassium removal amount of grains of the target land and a potassium demand for balancing a potassium removal amount of straw not returned to field, where the potassium demand for balancing the potassium removal amount of grains indicates a potassium amount contained in a current-season estimated grain yield of the target land, and the potassium demand for balancing the potassium removal amount of straw not returned to field indicates a potassium amount contained in straw not returned to field;
a residual module, configured to obtain an upper-season potassium residual effect of the target plot, where the upper-season potassium residual effect is an upper-season residual potassium amount of the target plot;
a prediction module, configured to predict the current-season potash fertilizer usage of the target plot according to the corresponding potassium demand of the yield reaction, the potassium demand of the balanced grain potassium removal amount, the potassium demand of the balanced not-returned straw potassium removal amount, and the last-season potassium residual effect, specifically including:
O＝A1+A2+A3-A4，
wherein O represents the amount of potash fertilizer in the season of the target plot, A1Represents the corresponding potassium demand of the production reaction, A2The potassium demand, A, representing the potassium removal of the equilibrium kernel3The potassium demand representing the potassium removal amount of the balanced straw which is not returned to the field, A4Representing the quaternary potassium residual effect.
8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method for predicting the amount of potash fertilizer in middle rice according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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