CN110035748A - 用氨磺必利的术后呕吐的疗法 - Google Patents
用氨磺必利的术后呕吐的疗法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110035748A CN110035748A CN201780068552.8A CN201780068552A CN110035748A CN 110035748 A CN110035748 A CN 110035748A CN 201780068552 A CN201780068552 A CN 201780068552A CN 110035748 A CN110035748 A CN 110035748A
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- Prior art keywords
- amisulpride
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- patient
- postoperative
- vomiting
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Abstract
氨磺必利可用于患者的术后呕吐的疗法(特别是预防),特别是其中患者正在接受外科手术,其中术后呕吐对患者会是潜在危险的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及术后呕吐的疗法。
背景技术
术后呕吐是术后恶心和呕吐(PONV)的一个亚类。PONV是在大约30%的所有手术患者和70%的高风险患者中发生的病症。PONV的风险因素包括:手术类型、性别、吸烟史、PONV或运动病的既往病史、手术时长、挥发性麻醉剂的使用以及阿片样物质镇痛药的使用。通常,女性比男性更易于发生PONV,不吸烟者和之前经历过PONV或运动病的女性也是如此。
PONV对于患者和医疗保健提供者来说是一个重要的议题。它通常被认为是患者最畏惧的并发症,高于术后疼痛,因此是导致焦虑和患者痛苦的显著原因。PONV可延迟患者从医院出院或导致住院手术后再入院,并且可能需要门诊患者入院。这具有重大的经济和社会影响。随着医院获得性耐药性感染率的增加,它也可能转化为对临床结果的影响。
PONV中涉及许多机制,最显著的是从肠壁释放5-羟色胺和激活脑中的化学受体触发区。因此,几种不同的受体似乎参与PONV并代表药物疗法的有效靶点。其中最重要的是5-羟色胺能5HT3和多巴胺能D2以及可能的D3受体。
尽管在中等和高风险患者中常规使用预防性止吐药,但是PONV仍然在约30%的病例中发生,即使在接受最新药剂的患者中也是如此,仍然非常需要额外的药剂,特别是具有不同作用机制的药剂。
在2011年9月15日公布的WO2011/110854中记载了氨磺必利作为止吐药的用途,该申请要求2010年3月11日提交的英国专利申请GB1004020.2的优先权。这两个文献的全部内容都纳入本说明书。
在成人手术患者的多中心、双盲、随机、安慰剂对照的II期临床试验(由申请人进行)中,与用安慰剂发病率为69%相比,氨磺必利以5mg给药相关的PONV发病率为40%(p<0.01)。氨磺必利和安慰剂之间在不良事件,或实验室或ECG异常的性质、发生率或严重程度上没有差异。
在涉及626名可评估的成人手术患者的两项多中心、双盲、随机、安慰剂对照的III期临床试验(由申请人再次进行)中,与用安慰剂发病率为59%相比,氨磺必利以5mg给药相关的PONV发病率为48%(p<0.01)。氨磺必利和安慰剂的安全性之间没有显著差异,除了用氨磺必利使血清促乳素水平的瞬时增加更常见。
在特定患者组中,术后呕吐尤其成问题。这是因为它增加了肺吸入的风险,并且与缝合线裂开、食管破裂、皮下气肿和双侧气胸有关。术后呕吐还可导致静脉高压、颅内压增高(ICP)和血肿。因此,有特定的外科手术,其中术后呕吐会给患者带来很大的潜在风险。
发明内容
本发明基于氨磺必利在高风险患者中作为PONV的预防的III期研究的结果,所述研究由申请人进行。正如所预期的,发现氨磺必利在PONV疗法中有效,但在详细分析数据(特别是次要功效分析)后,出人意料地发现,呕吐发病率的相对风险降低(RRR)比预期高得多(例如,与PONV总风险的RRR相比)。因此,氨磺必利在预防术后呕吐方面特别有效。
有一组术后呕吐特别成问题的患者,在一些实施方案中,本发明认识到在该患者亚群中使用氨磺必利是特别有益的。在一些情况下,氨磺必利在术后呕吐的疗法中特别有效,其中患者具有至少三个术后呕吐的风险因素,其中所述风险因素选自术后恶心和呕吐和/或运动病的既往病史;习惯性不吸烟状态;是女性;或预期使用术后阿片样物质镇痛药。
根据第一个方面,本发明为氨磺必利,其用于患者的术后呕吐的疗法。患者可以选自正在接受外科手术的患者组,其中术后呕吐对患者是潜在危险的。
根据第二个方面,一种治疗或预防患者——其中患者正在接受外科手术——术后呕吐的方法,包括给予患者有效量的氨磺必利,并任选地从正在接受外科手术的患者组中预先选择患者用于治疗或预防,其中术后呕吐对患者是潜在危险的。
具体实施方式
氨磺必利具有一个手性中心并存在两种对映异构体,即(S-)-氨磺必利和(R+)-氨磺必利。可优选使用外消旋体或(S-)-氨磺必利,其基本上不含(R+)-对映异构体。据报道,(S-)-对映异构体中发现了几乎所有的治疗活性,因此使用这种对映异构体意味着与外消旋体相比,可以将剂量减少50%(例如,50%、60%、70%、80%或90%,或50%-60%、60%-70%、70%-80%或80-90%)。
氨磺必利的外消旋混合物或外消旋体意味着氨磺必利包含(S-)-氨磺必利和(R+)-对映异构体两者。例如,外消旋混合物可包含40%至60%的(S-)-氨磺必利和60%至40%的(R+)-对映异构体。在一些实施方案中,外消旋混合物可包含约50%的(S-)-氨磺必利和约50%的(R+)-对映异构体。
基本上不含(R+)-对映异构体的(S-)-氨磺必利包含少于10%、少于5%、少于4%、少于3%、少于2%或少于1%的(R+)-对映异构体。例如,基本上不含(R+)-对映异构体的(S-)-氨磺必利包含少于2%或少于1%的(R+)-对映异构体。
如本文所用,术语术后呕吐意指出现一次或多次呕吐发作(呕吐和/或干呕)。干呕涉及与呕吐相同的生理机制,但是发生在闭合的声门上。
如本文所用,当与数值(例如5、10%、1/3)一起使用时,术语“约”或“大约”指可以小于或大于该数的数值范围。例如,“约5”指比5小或大10%、5%、2%或1%的数值范围,例如4.5至5.5,或4.75至5.25,或4.9至5.1,或4.95至5.05。在一些情况下,“约5”指比5小或大2%或1%的数值范围,例如4.9至5.1或4.95至5.05。
优选地,有效量(即剂量)的氨磺必利包含1至40mg氨磺必利,更优选1至20mg或2.5至20mg,更优选5至10mg,最优选约5mg氨磺必利。有效量的氨磺必利还可包含2.5至5mg、2.5至10mg、2.5至40mg、5至20mg、5至40mg、1至5mg或1至10mg氨磺必利。优选地,氨磺必利是外消旋混合物的形式。
优选地,有效量(即剂量)的氨磺必利包含1至20mg氨磺必利,更优选1至10mg,更优选2.5至5mg,最优选约2.5mg氨磺必利。有效量的氨磺必利还可包含1至2.5mg、1至5mg、1至20mg、2.5至10mg或2.5至20mg氨磺必利。优选地,氨磺必利是(S-)-氨磺必利的形式,并且基本上不含(R+)-对映异构体。
优选地,氨磺必利以单一日剂量给药。更优选地,它以单剂量给药。
将氨磺必利与可增加额外的功效益处的其他种类药物联合给药可能是有利的。优选地,其他种类药物是不同的止吐药(即不是氨磺必利的止吐药)。更优选地,不同的止吐药不是D2拮抗剂。这些包括,但不限于,类固醇,最优选地塞米松;5HT3拮抗剂(包括但不限于昂丹司琼(ondansetron)、格拉司琼(granisetron)和帕洛诺司琼(palonosetron));以及NK1拮抗剂如阿瑞吡坦(aprepitant)、奈妥吡坦(netupitant)或罗拉吡坦(rolapitant)。优选地,另一种止吐药为昂丹司琼、格拉司琼或地塞米松。其他种类药物可以通过任何合适的给药途径给药(例如,通过该药物的典型给药途径,如口服、静脉内或肌内)。在一些情况下,其他种类药物可在手术结束后6小时内给药。在其他情况下,其他种类药物可在手术结束后6小时后给药。
上文列出的不同止吐药的典型剂量是本领域技术人员已知的。例如,昂丹司琼的剂量通常为2至20mg,或2至15mg,或约10mg或约4mg。对于格拉司琼,剂量通常为1-3mg,例如1mg。对于地塞米松,典型剂量为4-20mg,例如4mg。
根据本发明使用的氨磺必利可与随附的使用说明书一起包装销售。使用说明书(药物标签)优选在适应症列表中指定药物可用于正在接受外科手术的患者,其中术后呕吐可能对患者是潜在危险的。它可以指定本文所定义的外科手术(例如,在权利要求中)。
用于本发明的氨磺必利优选配制成静脉内制剂(并用于静脉内给药)。氨磺必利可以是盐、水合物或溶剂合物的形式。盐包括药学上可接受的盐,例如衍生自无机酸或有机酸的酸加成盐,如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、高氯酸盐、乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、丙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、乳酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐和苯甲酸盐。
盐也可以用碱形成。这样的盐包括衍生自无机碱或有机碱的盐,例如碱金属盐如钠盐和钾盐和碱土金属盐如镁盐和钙盐,以及有机胺盐如吗啉、哌啶、二甲胺和二乙胺盐。
用于本发明的氨磺必利的静脉内制剂可以是无菌可注射的水性或非水性(例如油质的)溶液剂或混悬剂的形式。无菌可注射制剂还可以是在无毒的肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液剂或混悬剂,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液剂。其中可以使用的可接受的载体和溶剂为水、磷酸盐缓冲溶液、林格溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。此外,无菌的不挥发性油可用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为此目的,可以使用任何温和的不挥发性油,包括合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯。此外,脂肪酸如油酸可用于制备本发明的静脉内制剂。混悬剂可根据已知技术使用那些合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂配制。
水性混悬剂含有活性成分与适于制备水性混悬剂的赋形剂。这样的赋形剂为悬浮剂,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、黄蓍树胶和阿拉伯树胶;分散剂或润湿剂如天然存在的磷脂,例如卵磷脂,或环氧烷与脂肪酸的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯,或环氧乙烷与长链脂族醇的缩合产物,例如十七碳乙烯氧基十六醇(heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol),或环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇的偏酯的缩合产物如聚氧乙烯与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯,例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。水性混悬剂还可含有一种或多种防腐剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯,一种或多种着色剂,一种或多种调味剂,以及一种或多种甜味剂,例如蔗糖或糖精。
用于注射的组合物通常是水性的,并包含缓冲液,例如柠檬酸盐缓冲液。可不需要其他成分。这种组合物的pH可以是例如4至7,例如约5。
适于通过加入水来制备水性混悬剂的可分散粉末和颗粒提供活性成分与分散剂或润湿剂、悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂。合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂是已知的。
本发明的药物组合物还可以是水包油乳剂的形式。油相可以是植物油,例如橄榄油或花生油;或矿物油,例如液体石蜡;或这些的混合物。合适的乳化剂可以是天然存在的树胶,例如阿拉伯树胶或黄蓍树胶;天然存在的磷脂,例如大豆、卵磷脂;以及衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的酯或偏酯,例如脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯,和所述偏酯与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。
适用于本发明的静脉内单位剂量的氨磺必利优选是含有氨磺必利的单次注射剂。在一个优选的实施方案中,这可以是一小瓶活性剂与注射器和针头或预填充注射器/针头组合的形式。
在一些实施方案中,氨磺必利是非IV可注射制剂。它可以是固体或液体制剂的形式,并且可以配制用于口服给药。固体制剂可以是片剂或胶囊剂、熔融片剂的形式,或者是可分散的粉剂或颗粒剂的形式(可能需要加入水中)。液体制剂可以是水性或油性混悬剂的形式或糖浆剂的形式,并且它们可以包装在小瓶中。
氨磺必利可以是栓剂的形式,用于药物的直肠给药。这些组合物可以通过将药物与合适的非刺激性赋形剂混合来制备,所述赋形剂在常温下为固体但在直肠温度下为液体,因此会在直肠中熔融以释放药物。这样的物质包括可可脂和聚乙二醇。
对于局部递送,可以使用经皮和经粘膜贴剂、乳膏、软膏剂、凝胶剂、溶液剂或混悬剂。对于舌下递送,可以使用快速溶解的片剂制剂,以及上述的若干形式。对于口服给药,优选的是氨磺必利可以片剂、胶囊剂或液体剂给药。
在一个优选的实施方案中,口服单位剂量的氨磺必利是一个或多个片剂或一个或多个胶囊剂的形式。单位剂量的氨磺必利可以泡罩包装提供。
氨磺必利制剂可含有任何数量的药学上可接受的赋形剂,如甜味剂和防腐剂。
适用于本发明的氨磺必利的制剂记载于WO2011/110854中。
当本发明的用途或方法提供多于一种药物的给药时,它们可以同时、依次或分开给药。不必将它们包装在一起(但这是本发明的一个实施方案)。也不必将它们同时给药。如本文所用,“分开”给药意指药物作为相同总剂量方案(其可包括数天)的一部分给药,但优选在同一天给药。如本文所用,“同时”意指药物一起服用或配制成单一组合物。如本文所用,“依次”意指药物在大约相同的时间给药,优选在彼此间隔约1小时内给药。
如本文所用,“疗法”意指治疗或预防。优选地,用于本发明的氨磺必利用于预防术后呕吐。
在一些实施方案中,根据本发明的氨磺必利可用于正在接受外科手术的患者,其中术后呕吐会对患者是潜在危险的。例如,这些患者发生呕吐可能导致对患者潜在致命的危害的医学并发症,例如呕吐导致缝合线破裂,从而导致患者出血或使得发生严重感染。
由术后呕吐引起的这些危险/危害的医学并发症的其他实例为吸入肺中、缝合线裂开、食管破裂、皮下气肿、双侧气胸静脉高压、颅内压增高,或血肿如手术皮瓣、血管吻合和动脉瘤夹下的血肿。
技术人员知道其中术后呕吐会成问题(或将导致上述并发症)的外科手术。这些外科手术的实例为口腔手术(如有线颌手术或牙科手术),耳、鼻或喉(ENT)手术(如扁桃体切除术或甲状腺切除术),头部或面部手术(如开颅术、出血性中风手术、缺血性中风手术、鼻成形术、面部或眼部手术的整容手术),胃肠(G1)道手术(如食管旁(paraesophageal)手术、抗反流手术、减肥手术、胃切除术、胃旁路手术或胃套手术(gastric sleeve surgery)),肺部手术(如外科肺活检、叶切除术或楔形切除术),腹部手术(如外科疝修补术、经腹子宫全切术、腹部整形术、剖腹手术、任何涉及大腹部切口的手术,或开放式腹主动脉瘤修复)或肠手术。
优选地,根据本发明的外科手术包括给予全身麻醉,例如全身吸入麻醉。该手术可以是全身麻醉下的选择性手术(开放式或腹腔镜技术)。优选安排从诱导麻醉至拔管持续至少一小时。拔管前,伤口将被闭合。
如本文所用,“正在接受外科手术”意指外科手术之前约2小时直至外科手术后约24小时期间呕吐发作的时间段(在该阶段,疗法不再是预防,而被归类为治疗)。
优选氨磺必利用于预防术后呕吐,即如上所述给药,但在发生呕吐发病之前给药。它优选作为单预防剂量给药。
在一个优选的实施方案中,氨磺必利在外科手术前最长达4小时给药。优选不晚于伤口闭合/手术结束时、更优选在麻醉时(更优选在诱导麻醉时)给药。
优选地,氨磺必利通过IV输注(推注)给药,优选在约20秒直至1或2分钟的时间段内给药。在一些实施方案中,该时间段可以最长达10分钟,例如,如果患者在注射时疼痛或者在给予更高剂量(例如20mg)的情况下。在一个优选的实施方案中,氨磺必利在约1至2分钟,或1或2分钟内给药。氨磺必利优选以单剂量给药。
优选地,患者具有至少3个术后呕吐的风险因素,其中所述风险因素选自术后恶心和呕吐和/或运动病的既往病史;习惯性不吸烟状态;是女性;以及预期使用术后阿片样物质镇痛药。更优选地,患者具有所有四个风险因素。这些风险因素可以定义患者组,其中氨磺必利在术后呕吐的疗法中是特别有用的。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中,氨磺必利以5mg的剂量可用于预防患者的术后呕吐,优选地,其中患者正在接受外科手术,其中术后呕吐可能对患者是潜在危险的,并且其中患者有至少三个术后呕吐的风险因素,其中所述风险因素选自术后恶心和呕吐和/或运动病的既往病史;习惯性不吸烟状态;是女性;或预期使用术后阿片样物质镇痛药。
以下研究说明了本发明。
研究1
方案
进行了随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的氨磺必利在高风险患者中作为术后恶心和呕吐的联合预防的III期研究。研究的主要目的是评估氨磺必利以5mg在PONV高风险的成人手术患者中预防术后恶心和呕吐(PONV)的功效。氨磺必利与标准止吐药联合给药。
研究的受试者是1204名PONV高风险的随机成年患者(≥18岁),他们在全身吸入麻醉下接受选择性门诊(日间手术(day-case))或住院手术,全身吸入麻醉从诱导麻醉至拔管预期持续至少一小时。在1204名随机患者中,有1147人服药且符合条件。
PONV高风险被定义为具有以下风险因素中的至少三个:
-PONV/或运动病的既往病史
-习惯性不吸烟状态
-女性
-预期使用术后阿片样物质镇痛药
5mg氨磺必利在诱导麻醉时,在1分钟内以单次、缓慢、静脉内(IV)推注给药;与标准止吐药联合给予。使用的标准止吐药的实例为昂丹司琼、格拉司琼和地塞米松。
研究的两个分组如下:
第1分组:5mg的氨磺必利IV与不是多巴胺D2-拮抗剂的标准止吐药(例如4mg的昂丹司琼IV,1mg的格拉司琼IV或4mg的地塞米松IV)联合;
第2分组(对照):氨磺必利IV安慰剂与如上定义的标准止吐药联合
主要功效变量是在术后24小时期间PONV的不存在或存在,其中PONV定义为出现一次或多次呕吐发作(呕吐和/或干呕)或接受一个或多个剂量的急救止吐药物。通过该定义,不存在PONV被称为“完全应答”(CR)。评估了许多次要变量,包括出现呕吐(呕吐和/或干呕)。
主要功效分析
使用皮尔逊χ2检验与耶茨连续性校正以2.5%的单侧显著性水平比较氨磺必利组和安慰剂组之间在术后0-24小时内CR的发生率。主要功效分析人群是改进的意向治疗(mITT)人群。
次要功效分析
使用皮尔逊χ2检验比较各组之间通过发病率(例如,呕吐)评估的次要功效变量。
结果(摘录)
本发明所基于的数据的概述如下:
表1:24小时内PONV发病率——RRR(相对风险降低)
*完全应答
**上文列出的标准止吐药的实例
表2:术后呕吐(呕吐和/或干呕)的发病率——RRR
结论
与安慰剂加标准止吐药相比,氨磺必利加标准止吐药在mITT(改进的意向治疗)人群中的CR率提高了11.08%,这在统计学上是显著的(p<0.001),相当于PONV率的相对风险降低(RRR)为20.8%。
与安慰剂相比,氨磺必利组的呕吐(呕吐和/或干呕)发生率在统计学上显著更低(p=0.003),与总PONV RRR相比的31%的出人意料的高RRR。
Claims (29)
1.氨磺必利,用于患者的术后呕吐的疗法。
2.根据权利要求1的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中所述患者正在接受外科手术,其中术后呕吐对患者是潜在危险的。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,用于患者的术后呕吐的预防。
4.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中术后呕吐会将患者置于以下风险中:吸入肺中、缝合线裂开、食管破裂、皮下气肿、双侧气胸静脉高压、颅内压增高,或血肿如手术皮瓣、血管吻合和动脉瘤夹下的血肿。
5.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中所述外科手术选自口腔手术,耳、鼻或喉(ENT)手术,头部或面部手术,胃肠(GI)道手术,肺部手术,腹部手术和肠手术。
6.根据权利要求5的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中所述口腔手术为有线颌手术或牙科手术。
7.根据权利要求5的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中所述ENT手术为扁桃体切除术或甲状腺切除术。
8.根据权利要求5的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中所述头部或面部手术为开颅术、出血性中风手术、缺血性中风手术、鼻成形术、面部或眼部手术的整容手术。
9.根据权利要求5的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中所述GI道手术为食管旁手术、抗反流手术、减肥手术、胃切除术、胃旁路手术或胃套手术。
10.根据权利要求5的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中所述肺部手术为外科肺活检、叶切除术或楔形切除术。
11.根据权利要求5的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中所述腹部手术为外科疝修补术、经腹子宫全切术、腹部整形术、剖腹手术、任何涉及大腹部切口的手术,或开放式腹主动脉瘤修复。
12.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中氨磺必利与另一种止吐药分开、依次或同时联合给药。
13.根据权利要求12的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中另一种止吐药为5HT3拮抗剂、NK1拮抗剂或类固醇。
14.根据权利要求12或权利要求13的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中另一种止吐药为地塞米松、昂丹司琼、格拉司琼、帕洛诺司琼、阿瑞吡坦、奈妥吡坦或罗拉吡坦。
15.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中所述患者具有至少三个术后呕吐的风险因素,其中所述风险因素选自术后恶心和呕吐和/或运动病的既往病史;习惯性不吸烟状态;是女性;和预期使用术后阿片样物质镇痛药。
16.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中氨磺必利基本上是外消旋体的形式。
17.根据权利要求1至15中任一项的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中氨磺必利是(S-)-氨磺必利的形式,其基本上不含(R+)-对映异构体。
18.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中氨磺必利通过静脉内途径给药。
19.根据权利要求18的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中氨磺必利通过输注在约1至2分钟内给药。
20.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中氨磺必利以单剂量给药。
21.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中氨磺必利在诱导麻醉时给药。
22.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中氨磺必利的剂量为1至40mg。
23.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中氨磺必利的剂量为1至20mg。
24.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中氨磺必利的剂量为5至10mg。
25.根据任一前述权利要求的用于所述用途的氨磺必利,其中氨磺必利的剂量为5mg。
26.一种治疗或预防患者术后呕吐的方法,包括给予所述患者有效量的氨磺必利,其中患者正在接受外科手术。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法,还包括从正在接受外科手术的患者组中选择患者用于治疗或预防,其中术后呕吐对所述患者是潜在危险的。
28.根据权利要求26或权利要求27所述的方法,还包括从具有至少3个术后呕吐的风险因素的患者组中选择患者用于治疗或预防,其中所述风险因素选自术后恶心和呕吐和/或运动病的既往病史;习惯性不吸烟状态;是女性;以及预期使用术后阿片样物质镇痛药。
29.根据权利要求25至28中任一项所述的方法,具有权利要求1至25的附加特征的任意一个或多个。
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JP2019533700A (ja) | 2019-11-21 |
BR112019008826A2 (pt) | 2019-07-09 |
AU2017354899A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
CA3041766A1 (en) | 2018-05-11 |
EP3534896A1 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
US20190262310A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
US20240050403A1 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
IL266308A (en) | 2019-06-30 |
IL266308B1 (en) | 2023-06-01 |
KR20190101955A (ko) | 2019-09-02 |
WO2018083466A1 (en) | 2018-05-11 |
AU2017354899B2 (en) | 2023-09-28 |
ZA202306279B (en) | 2024-02-28 |
EA201990995A1 (ru) | 2019-11-29 |
MX2019005043A (es) | 2019-10-09 |
JP2023058654A (ja) | 2023-04-25 |
GB201618425D0 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
IL266308B2 (en) | 2023-10-01 |
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