CN110034404B - Broadband wide-beam circularly polarized segmented spiral horn antenna - Google Patents

Broadband wide-beam circularly polarized segmented spiral horn antenna Download PDF

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CN110034404B
CN110034404B CN201910355614.4A CN201910355614A CN110034404B CN 110034404 B CN110034404 B CN 110034404B CN 201910355614 A CN201910355614 A CN 201910355614A CN 110034404 B CN110034404 B CN 110034404B
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spiral
horn
waveguide
rectangular waveguide
antenna
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CN110034404A (en
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王楠楠
戴志梁
邱景辉
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/362Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02Waveguide horns
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/06Waveguide mouths

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Abstract

The invention provides a broadband wide-beam circularly polarized segmented spiral horn antenna which comprises a rectangular waveguide and a spiral horn, wherein the spiral horn is connected with a waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide, the rectangular waveguide and the spiral horn are coaxially arranged, an inner cavity of the rectangular waveguide and the spiral horn are in smooth transition, the spiral horn is in a structure that the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide is spirally stretched along the axial direction by taking a central axis of the waveguide as a rotating shaft, the spiral horn is expanded into a horn shape along the axial direction, the inner spiral surface of the spiral horn is not arranged for shielding the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide, and the spiral angle of the spiral horn is larger than 180 degrees. The broadband wide-beam circularly polarized sectional spiral horn antenna combines the advantages of the spiral antenna and the waveguide horn antenna, and the rectangular waveguide is spirally and simultaneously unfolded into a horn shape in a gradual change mode, so that circularly polarized electromagnetic waves of wide beams can be radiated in a very wide bandwidth.

Description

Broadband wide-beam circularly polarized segmented spiral horn antenna
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of active millimeter wave imaging, and particularly relates to a broadband wide-beam circularly polarized sectional spiral horn antenna.
Background
In recent years, aviation safety gradually becomes an important component of national safety, and civil aviation security inspection urgently needs a device capable of rapidly and comprehensively detecting personal belongings of a human body. Millimeter waves can penetrate common clothes and have no ionization, so that active millimeter wave imaging technology is receiving wide attention. However, the existing active millimeter wave imaging generally has the problems of low resolution, artifact and the like. Therefore, it has been proposed to solve this problem by using an electromagnetic wave circularly polarized with a wide bandwidth beam. However, the conventional circularly polarized antenna generally has the problems of narrow frequency band and narrow wave beam, so that the three characteristics of broadband, wide wave beam and circular polarization cannot meet the requirements at the same time.
Currently, the commonly used circular polarization generation methods include: directly by means of antenna structures (e.g. helical antennas), using circularly polarised converters, using phase shifters to produce orthogonal linear polarisations with a phase difference of 90 degrees, etc. However, the working frequency of the existing circularly polarized horn antenna is only 28GHz-31GHz, the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is only 28.3GHz-30.75GHz, and the 3dB beam width is narrow; the relative bandwidth of some circularly polarized horn antennas is only 18%, and the axial ratio at the central frequency point is less than 4; the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of some circularly polarized horn antennas is 88GHz-104GHz, the 3dB beam width at a central frequency point is 5.5 degrees, the circularly polarized horn antennas use circular polarizers, the standing-wave ratio of the circularly polarized horn antennas is less than 1.4 within 88-104GHz, the axial ratio and the beam width at one frequency point are only given, and the axial ratio of the circularly polarized horn antennas is less than 3dB within 50 degrees of beam width under the frequency.
In summary, the existing antenna structure always has trade-offs among bandwidth, beam width and circular polarization axial ratio, and it is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirement of the wide-bandwidth beam circular polarization antenna required by the millimeter wave imaging system. Meanwhile, at millimeter wave frequency, because the size of the antenna is too small, most of the feeding modes adopt waveguide direct feeding, so that the common helical antenna is difficult to apply. The novel antenna structure, namely the segmented spiral waveguide horn, is provided, the process of feeding from a rectangular waveguide to wide-bandwidth beam circularly polarized electromagnetic wave radiation under millimeter wave frequency is realized, the problem is well solved, and the novel antenna structure is expected to be practically applied in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to a broadband wide-beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna, which combines the advantages of a helical antenna and a waveguide horn antenna, and expands a rectangular waveguide into a horn shape by a gradual change manner, so as to realize radiation of a wide-beam circularly polarized electromagnetic wave in a very wide bandwidth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a wide bandwidth wave beam circular polarization segmentation spiral horn antenna, includes rectangular waveguide and spiral loudspeaker, spiral loudspeaker be connected with rectangular waveguide's waveguide mouth, rectangular waveguide and the coaxial setting of spiral loudspeaker and the smooth transition of inner chamber, spiral loudspeaker for the central axis that uses the waveguide in rectangular waveguide's waveguide mouth department is tensile along axial spiral for the rotation axis, open into the structure of loudspeaker form along the axial simultaneously, the spiral internal surface of spiral loudspeaker does not shelter from rectangular waveguide's waveguide mouth setting, the spiral horn spiral angle is greater than 180 settings.
Furthermore, the spiral horn is of a segmented structure, inner cavities of the segments are in smooth transition, spiral angles, opening angles and lengths of the segments are different, the spiral angle of the spiral horn section close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide is smaller than the spiral angle of the spiral horn section far away from the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide, and the opening angle of the spiral horn section close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide is larger than the opening angle of the spiral horn section far away from the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide.
Furthermore, the spiral horn is of a two-section structure, the spiral horn section close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide is not arranged to shield the waveguide port, the spiral angle of the spiral horn section close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide is 180 x N degrees, N is a positive integer, and the spiral density of the spiral horn section close to the waveguide port is smaller than that of the spiral horn section far away from the waveguide port.
Furthermore, the metal column is manufactured in a mode that the interior of the cylindrical metal column or the circular truncated cone-shaped metal column is hollowed.
Further, the rectangular waveguide has the following specifications: the length is 3mm, the long side is 2.54mm, the short side is 1.27mm, and the metal wall thickness is 1 mm.
Furthermore, on the premise of ensuring the axial ratio, the aperture of the antenna is reduced by adjusting the spiral degrees, the field angles and the lengths of the two sections to obtain a wider wave beam.
Compared with the prior art, the broadband wide-beam circularly polarized segmented spiral horn antenna has the following advantages:
according to the broadband wide-beam circularly polarized sectional spiral horn antenna, the original linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is influenced by the spiral structure waveguide, and the electric field vector rotates, so that the circularly polarized wave is converted into the circularly polarized wave. In addition, the horn-shaped structure can enable the generated circularly polarized electromagnetic wave to be effectively radiated to a free space, and a field generated inside the horn is not shielded by the outer side spiral structure, so that the axial ratio bandwidth of circular polarization is widened; the structure of the antenna adopts a segmented spiral structure, so that the longitudinal size is reduced, the axial ratio is optimized, the miniaturization is realized, the antenna structure is more variable due to the segmented structure, and each parameter can be adjusted according to the actual performance requirement; the antenna does not use other materials and structures, saves material cost, avoids material loss and improves antenna efficiency.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband wide-beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband wide-beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is obtained by a cylindrical metal internal undercut manner;
FIG. 3 is an interior cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an S-shaped sectional spiral horn antenna with wide bandwidth beam circular polarization11(reflection coefficient) graph;
figure 5 is a schematic axial ratio diagram of a wide bandwidth beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna at 70GHz in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 6 is a schematic axial ratio diagram of a wide bandwidth beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna at 94GHz in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 7 is a schematic axial ratio diagram of a wide bandwidth beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna at 110GHz in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 8 is a 70GHz directional diagram of a wide bandwidth beam circular polarization segmented helical horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 9 is a 94GHz timing diagram of a wide bandwidth beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 10 is a 110GHz directional diagram of a wide bandwidth beam circular polarization segmented helical horn antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the wave number width of a wide bandwidth beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna in the range of 70-110GHz in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the main radiation direction gain of the antenna of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-rectangular waveguide, 2-spiral horn.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a broadband beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna comprises a rectangular waveguide 1 and a helical horn 2, wherein the helical horn 2 is connected with a waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide 1, the rectangular waveguide 1 and the helical horn 2 are coaxially arranged and have smooth transition in an inner cavity, the helical horn 2 is spirally stretched along an axial direction by taking a central axis of a waveguide as a rotating shaft at the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide 1, and is simultaneously expanded into a horn-shaped structure along the axial direction, the helical inner surface of the helical horn 2 is not shielded by the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide 1, and the helix angle of the helical horn 2 is greater than 180 °. The spiral horn 2 is of a segmented structure, inner cavities of the segments are in smooth transition, spiral angles, opening angles and lengths of the segments are different, the spiral angle of the spiral horn segment close to a waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide is smaller than the spiral angle of the spiral horn segment far away from the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide, and the opening angle of the spiral horn segment close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide is larger than the opening angle of the spiral horn segment far away from the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide. Specifically, the helical horn 2 may be of a two-segment structure, the helical horn segment close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide 1 is not disposed to shield the waveguide port, the helix angle of the helical horn segment close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide 1 is 180 × N degrees, N is a positive integer, and the helix density of the helical horn segment close to the waveguide port is less than that of the helical horn segment far away from the waveguide port. On the premise of ensuring the axial ratio, the aperture of the antenna is reduced to obtain wider wave beams by adjusting the helix degree, the opening angle and the length of the two sections of the helical horn sections, and the longitudinal size is reduced to realize miniaturization.
In order to meet the requirement of waveguide feed at millimeter wave frequency, the invention designs a standard rectangular waveguide (the long side is a and the short side is b) with a certain length l and thickness t and meeting the requirement of required bandwidth. In order to obtain circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, a rectangular waveguide port is spirally wound with the central axis of the waveguide as a rotating axis, and is expanded into a horn shape along the axial direction, the spiral degree is theta, and the horn expansion angle is phi. By the design, the original linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is influenced by the waveguide with the spiral structure, and the electric field vector rotates, so that the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is converted into the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave. In addition, the horn-shaped structure can enable the generated circularly polarized electromagnetic wave to be effectively radiated to a free space, the field generated inside the horn is not shielded by the outer side spiral structure, and the axial ratio bandwidth of the circular polarization is widened.
The spiral horn 2 of the present invention is designed with a segmented structure. For example, the spiral horn 2 may be composed of two spiral horns having different spiral angles and opening angles. And the spiral horn section close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide is not arranged for shielding the waveguide port, the spiral angle of the spiral horn section close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide is 180 x N degrees, N is a positive integer, and the spiral density of the spiral horn section close to the waveguide port is smaller than that of the spiral horn section far away from the waveguide port. Therefore, the characteristics of the antenna are optimized, and the structure of the antenna is more flexible. In order to obtain a wider beam, the antenna aperture must be ensured not to be too large, and the degree of twist theta is adjusted1、θ2Opening angle phi1、φ2And length l1、l2The antenna can reduce the caliber and the longitudinal size of the antenna on the premise of ensuring the axial ratio, and the miniaturization is realized.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in order to improve the mechanical strength of the antenna, the antenna can be obtained by hollowing the inside of the cylindrical metal column, so that the antenna is more beautiful, the processing steps of the outer spiral are reduced, only the internal structure needs to be processed, the processing cost is reduced, and the external material cost can be further reduced by adopting a truncated cone-shaped external structure.
An example of a segmented helical horn antenna is given below, and the specific parameters may be: is manufactured by processing a metal cylinder with the radius r equal to 4mmThe antenna is provided. Selecting standard waveguide length l03mm, 2.54mm on two sides, 1.27mm on two sides, and 1mm on metal wall thickness t; rotation angle theta of first stage helical structure 1180 DEG, open angle phi 15 °, length l 15 mm; rotation angle theta of second-stage spiral structure2720 DEG, opening angle phi23 deg. and length l 210 mm; the following results were obtained by simulation analysis:
1. as shown in fig. 4, is an antenna S11(reflection coefficient) graph, from which it can be seen that S is measured at 65-120GHz or even higher operating frequency band11All are below-10 dB, and the relative bandwidth exceeds 60 percent; the characteristic of the broadband is explained by the relative bandwidth, and the definition of the relative bandwidth is as follows: (S)11Bandwidth in the-10 dB down portion)/(frequency at the center frequency point, e.g., the portion that can radiate: (120GHz-64GHz)/92GHz is 60.8%.
2. As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the axial ratios at 70GHz, 94GHz and 110GHz are respectively given, it can be easily seen that at the three frequency points, the circular polarization axial ratio is less than 3dB in the beam range of 60 °, and obviously, a wide circular polarization beam is realized in a wide frequency band;
3. the directional patterns of the antenna at several key frequency points (70GHz, 94GHz and 110GHz) as shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10 show that the antenna has a wide beam in the radiation direction, and the directional patterns in two orthogonal planes have little difference, i.e. have relatively symmetrical directional patterns (like balloons), thus the antenna has good wide beam characteristics.
4. The wave number width of the antenna at 70-110GHz is shown in fig. 11, fig. 11 is a summary of the wave number widths of fig. 8-10 in order to more intuitively illustrate the wave number widths in two orthogonal planes at 3 frequency points, and it can be seen that: the wave number width in the range 70-100GHz is above 60 ° at phi 90 °, and about 55 ° at 110 GHz. When phi is 0 °, the beam width in the range of 70-100GHz is 50 ° or more, and at 110GHz, it is about 43 °, and it can be seen that the antenna has a very wide 3dB beam width in a wide frequency band, that is, a wide beam characteristic is realized.
5. The gain of the antenna in the main radiation direction of 70-110GHz is shown in fig. 12, and fig. 12 is a summary of fig. 8-10 in terms of the working frequency band, and it can be seen that the antenna has a gain of 9dB or more in the main radiation direction in the working frequency band, which illustrates that the antenna can effectively radiate broadband electromagnetic waves.
In summary, the antenna designed by the invention realizes the radiation characteristics of broadband, wide-beam and circularly polarized millimeter waves in a required frequency range (70-110GHz), obtains better radiation characteristics and has a further improved space.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (4)

1. A wide bandwidth beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna, characterized in that: the horn-shaped waveguide fiber laser comprises a rectangular waveguide (1) and a spiral horn (2), wherein the spiral horn (2) is connected with a waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide (1), the rectangular waveguide (1) and the spiral horn (2) are coaxially arranged, the inner cavities of the rectangular waveguide and the spiral horn are in smooth transition, the spiral horn (2) is in a structure that the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide (1) is spirally stretched along the axial direction by taking the central axis of the waveguide as a rotating shaft, the spiral horn is expanded into a horn shape along the axial direction, the spiral inner surface of the spiral horn (2) is not arranged for shielding the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide (1), and the spiral angle of the spiral horn (2) is larger than 180 degrees;
the spiral horn (2) is of a segmented structure, inner cavities of the segments are in smooth transition, and spiral angles, opening angles and lengths of the segments are different, wherein the spiral angle of the spiral horn segment close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide (1) is smaller than the spiral angle of the spiral horn segment far away from the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide (1), and the opening angle of the spiral horn segment close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide (1) is larger than the opening angle of the spiral horn segment far away from the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide (1);
the spiral horn (2) is of a two-section structure, the spiral horn section close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide (1) is not arranged to shield the waveguide port, the spiral angle of the spiral horn section close to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide (1) is 180 x N degrees, N is a positive integer, and the spiral density of the spiral horn section close to the waveguide port is smaller than that of the spiral horn section far away from the waveguide port.
2. The wide bandwidth beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna of claim 1, wherein: it is made up by adopting cylindrical metal column or round table-shaped metal column interior hollow mode.
3. The wide bandwidth beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna of claim 2, wherein: the rectangular waveguide (1) has the specification: the length is 3mm, the long side is 2.54mm, the short side is 1.27mm, and the metal wall thickness is 1 mm.
4. The wide bandwidth beam circularly polarized segmented helical horn antenna of claim 1, wherein: on the premise of ensuring the axial ratio, the aperture of the antenna is reduced by adjusting the spiral degrees, the field angle and the length of the two sections to obtain a wider wave beam.
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EP3893324B1 (en) * 2020-04-08 2023-07-19 RUAG Space AB A waveguide polarizer and a circularly polarized antenna
TWI766633B (en) * 2020-11-18 2022-06-01 稜研科技股份有限公司 Broadband linear polarization antenna structure

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FR2773646A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 1999-07-16 Centre Nat Rech Scient Radio astronomy receiving aerial comprising horn with internal spiral groove
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