CN110031501B - Liquid metal solidification in-situ observation device and observation method under microgravity state - Google Patents
Liquid metal solidification in-situ observation device and observation method under microgravity state Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid metal solidification in-situ observation device and an observation method under a microgravity state, wherein the device comprises an ultrasonic suspension system and an acoustic field visualization system; the ultrasonic suspension system is used for suspending a liquid metal sample in the air, and the sound field visualization system is used for displaying the generated sound standing wave field and observing the sound standing wave field change in the cooling process of the liquid metal in the microgravity state in real time. The invention can carry out in-situ observation on the solidification process of the liquid metal in a microgravity state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a liquid metal solidification in-situ observation device and an observation method in a microgravity state, and belongs to the technical field of container-free material treatment.
Background
The liquid metal researched by the invention is different from the traditional mercury and alkali metal materials, mainly refers to gallium and alloys thereof (such as gallium-indium alloy, gallium-indium-tin alloy and the like) and bismuth-based alloys (such as bismuth-indium-tin alloy), and is a safe and nontoxic low-melting-point metal material, and the melting point is near room temperature. The liquid metal has excellent electrical property and thermodynamic property due to the amorphous liquid state, the inherent high heat conduction characteristic endows the liquid metal with excellent heat convection capability, and the capacity limit of the traditional cooling technology is broken by adopting the liquid metal to replace the traditional cooling working medium represented by water. This new high performance thermal management material has raised a high level of interest in both academia and industry.
In a ground laboratory environment, the liquid metal material, due to its own weight, must rely on an externally provided container to maintain its volumetric shape, while contact with the container inevitably affects the measurement of certain properties and performance parameters of the material. In addition, natural convection caused by gravity can also have important influence on a concentration field and a temperature field at the front edge of a liquid-solid interface in the process of solidifying the material, nucleation, growth and segregation of different phases, and simultaneously causes certain difficulty for researchers to research some dynamic behaviors, such as surface capillary waves, Marangoni convection and the like, covered by the natural convection in the liquid metal; in the space environment, because of the characteristic of microgravity, the liquid metal material has no static pressure, so the volume and the shape of the material are only restricted by the surface tension of the material, and the material can freely suspend under the action of extremely small external force and does not need to be in contact with a container. In addition, the suspension state can avoid the influence of various microcosmic convection phenomena caused by gravity in the process of solidifying the liquid metal material on the final formed structure, and can also avoid heterogeneous nucleation caused by interference of container walls and impurity particles, thereby obtaining a uniform solidified structure which cannot be obtained in a ground environment.
The application of the space environment depends on the development of the space technology, and although the development of the space technology has made great breakthrough so far and provides researchers with more opportunities for carrying out scientific experiments in the space environment, the utilization of the space environment by the researchers is greatly limited due to the reasons of high experiment cost, limited space resources and the like. Therefore, researchers expect to simulate the characteristics of "microgravity, container-free, ultra-high vacuum, high radiation" of a space environment in a ground environment, so that a large number of space material scientific experiments can be performed at a low cost. The suspension method is a method for simulating a space environment in a ground environment. Since the suspension method was proposed, suspension techniques designed by various principles began to appear and rapidly developed, one of which is ultrasonic suspension technique, which has been paid extensive attention to researchers due to some inherent characteristics.
The ultrasonic suspension technology is a container-free processing technology which utilizes radiation pressure generated by ultrasonic waves, particularly ultrasonic standing waves, to balance the gravity of a sample in a gravity space, and fixes the sample at a node of sound pressure by a positioning force in the horizontal direction, so that the sample is suspended. The method is a nonlinear phenomenon under the condition of high sound intensity, has no special requirements on the aspect of electromagnetic properties of a suspended sample, is not attached with a heating effect, and is favored by researchers, so that the method for carrying out in-situ observation on the solidification of the liquid metal in a microgravity state in a ground environment by applying an ultrasonic suspension technology is a very effective method.
At present, researchers have used the ultrasonic suspension technology to observe the rapid solidification of various alloys in a microgravity state, but all the methods heat an alloy sample to a melting point, wait for the alloy sample to naturally solidify, and have not observed the observation of solidification in a microgravity suspension state of a liquid metal sample which is liquid at normal temperature. In addition, the position of the sound pressure wave node is usually estimated by experience when a material sample is loaded, the problem that the sample is not in a proper position and cannot reach a suspension state often occurs, and the experimental requirement on an operator is high. When a liquid metal sample is loaded, an ultrasonic field is in a strong resonance state, and the sample is splashed near a suspension position due to strong sound radiation pressure, so that the precision and the efficiency of an experiment are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: in order to observe the solidification process of the liquid metal in a microgravity state in situ. The invention provides a liquid metal solidification in-situ observation device and an observation method under a microgravity state, which are used for observing the solidification process of liquid metal under a microgravity suspension state, are simple to operate and can solve the problems of low sample loading precision and low sample loading efficiency of the conventional ultrasonic suspension device.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an in-situ observation device for liquid metal solidification in a microgravity state, which comprises an ultrasonic suspension system and is used for suspending a liquid metal sample in the air, and comprises:
the upper part of the supporting base is hermetically connected with a transparent cover body, and a closed cavity is formed inside the transparent cover body; the ultrasonic transducer is fixedly arranged above the inner part of the transparent cover body, and the lower end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the sound emission end through an amplitude transformer;
the sound reflection end is arranged in the transparent cover body through a lifting mechanism and is positioned right below the sound emission end;
the ultrasonic generator is arranged outside the transparent cover body, and the signal input end of the ultrasonic generator is connected with the signal receiving end of the ultrasonic transducer through a circuit;
the liquid metal is suspended in the transparent cover body and positioned between the sound emitting end and the sound reflecting end;
the visual system of sound field sets up in the translucent cover body outsidely for show and observe in real time to the acoustic standing wave field change of liquid metal cooling in-process under the microgravity state produced acoustic standing wave field, include:
the observation camera comprises a light source, a front convex lens, a rear convex lens, a knife edge and an observation camera, wherein the light source and the front convex lens are arranged on one side outside the transparent cover body, and the light source is arranged at a first focus of the front convex lens; the rear convex lens, the knife edge and the observation camera are sequentially arranged on the other side of the outer part of the transparent cover body, the knife edge is arranged at the second focus of the rear convex lens, light source emergent light at the first focus of the front convex lens is converted into parallel light through the front convex lens, the parallel light passes through a transparent sound field, is cut by the knife edge through the second focus of the rear convex lens, and finally forms an image in the observation camera;
and the cooling mechanism is arranged at the bottom in the transparent cover body and is used for cooling the liquid metal.
The lifting mechanism is an electric adjusting support.
The electric adjusting support is controlled by a stepping motor and a single chip microcomputer which are arranged in the supporting base.
The cooling mechanism is a cooling copper pipe which is arranged in the transparent cover body and is positioned on the supporting base in an annular fixed mode, and gaseous nitrogen flow cooled by liquid nitrogen is arranged in the cooling copper pipe.
The sound reflection end surface is a plane or a concave spherical surface.
The transparent optical material of the transparent cover is optical quartz glass, and the transparent cover and the supporting base are sealed by a reinforced flexible gasket.
The ultrasonic transducer is fixedly connected with the supporting base through a supporting rod, the supporting rod is a hollow cylinder, and the input wiring of the ultrasonic transducer is connected to the supporting base through the supporting rod and is connected with the ultrasonic generator outside the closed cavity.
The invention further discloses an observation method based on the liquid metal solidification in-situ observation device under the microgravity state,
firstly, starting a sound field visualization system, starting an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the output power and frequency of the generator, adjusting the distance between a sound emission end and a sound reflection end to a resonance distance according to an image obtained by an observation camera in the sound field visualization system in real time, and adding a liquid metal sample at a suspension node according to a visualized sound field;
then, opening a cooling mechanism for cooling;
in the process, according to a sound field image obtained by an observation camera, the height of the sound reflection end is adjusted in real time through a lifting mechanism so as to keep a stable suspension state; meanwhile, the observation camera records the solidification process of the liquid metal in the microgravity state;
and finally, taking out the solidified sample, splitting open, and observing and analyzing by using a metallographic microscope.
Has the advantages that:
the liquid metal solidification in-situ observation device and the observation method under the microgravity state have the following beneficial effects:
firstly, suspending a liquid metal sample in the air without contacting with any container, realizing the solidification of the liquid metal in a microgravity state and observing the liquid metal.
And secondly, a sound field visualization system is adopted to display the generated sound standing wave field, so that the standing point position is quickly found, and the loading precision and efficiency of the liquid metal sample are improved. And meanwhile, the change of the acoustic standing wave field in the cooling process is observed in real time, so that the position of an acoustic reflection end is accurately adjusted, and the liquid metal sample is ensured to be in a stable suspension state.
Thirdly, manual operation is avoided by the electric adjusting support, and the possibility of mistaken touch and over-adjustment is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general arrangement of an in-situ observation device for liquid metal solidification under microgravity in the present invention;
in the figure, 1-transparent cover; 2-an ultrasonic transducer; 3-a horn; 4-acoustic emission end; 5-an acoustic reflection end; 6-cooling the copper pipe; 7-electrically adjusting the support; 8-supporting the base; 9-a support bar; 10-observation camera; 11-an ultrasonic generator; 12-a light source; 13-a front convex lens; 14-a rear convex lens; 15-knife edge; 16-observation camera.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings:
the invention discloses a liquid metal solidification in-situ observation device in a microgravity state, which comprises an ultrasonic suspension system and a sound field visualization system; the ultrasonic suspension system comprises a transparent cover 1, an ultrasonic transducer 2, an amplitude transformer 3, a sound emission end 4, a sound reflection end 5, a cooling copper pipe 6, an electric adjusting support 7, a support base 8, a support rod 9, an observation camera 10 and an ultrasonic generator 11; the sound field visualization system comprises a light source 12, a front convex lens 13, a rear convex lens 14, a knife edge 15 and an observation camera 16.
The transparent cover 1 is made of optical transparent quartz glass and is hermetically connected with the supporting base 8 by adopting a reinforced flexible pad to form a closed cavity; in the cavity, an ultrasonic transducer 2 is fixed on a support base 8 through a support rod 9, and the lower end of the ultrasonic transducer 2 is connected with a sound emission end 4 through an amplitude transformer 3; the sound reflection end 4 is connected with the electric adjusting support 7 and can move up and down in the vertical direction; the electric adjusting support 7 is fixed on the supporting base 7.
The surface of the sound reflection end 5 is a plane or a concave spherical surface; the sound emission end 4 is located above the sound reflection end 5 and is on the same axis.
The light source 12, the front convex lens 13, the rear convex lens 14, the knife edge 15 and the observation camera 16 are respectively arranged at two sides of the ultrasonic suspension device and are on the same axis; the light source 12 is an LED light source and emits light by using a small-diameter optical fiber approximate point light source; the light source 12 is placed at the focus of the front convex lens 13; the knife edge 15 is placed at the focus of the back convex lens 14.
The cooling copper pipe 6 is fixed on the supporting base 8 in an annular shape, and the gaseous nitrogen cooled by the liquid nitrogen flows through the cooling copper pipe 6 to cool the sample.
The supporting rod 9 is a hollow cylinder, the input wiring of the ultrasonic transducer 2 is connected to the supporting base 8 through the supporting rod 9, and the supporting rod is connected with the ultrasonic generator 11 outside the closed cavity.
The electric adjusting support 7 is controlled by a stepping motor and a single chip microcomputer which are arranged in a supporting base 8.
The observation camera 10 is placed outside the cavity to record the solidification process of the liquid metal in the microgravity state.
The light source 12 at the focus of the front convex lens 13 emits LED light, the LED light is converted into parallel light after passing through the front convex lens 13, the parallel light passes through a transparent sound field, is cut by a knife edge at the focus after passing through the rear convex lens 14, and finally is imaged in the observation camera 16.
The observation method of the liquid metal solidification in-situ observation device in the microgravity state comprises the following steps:
firstly, starting a sound field visualization system, starting an ultrasonic generator 11, adjusting the output power and frequency of the generator, adjusting the distance between a sound emission end 4 and a sound reflection end 5 to a resonance distance according to an image obtained by an observation camera 16 in the sound field visualization system in real time, and adding a liquid metal sample at a suspension node according to a visualized sound field; then, the gas valve is opened, and gaseous nitrogen cooled by liquid nitrogen flows through the cooling copper pipe 6 to be cooled, and the transparent cover 1 prevents the influence of air convection on the suspension stability during the cooling process and can improve the cooling efficiency. In the process, the height of the sound reflection end 5 is adjusted in real time through the electric adjusting support 7 according to the sound field image obtained by the observation camera 16 so as to keep a stable suspension state. Meanwhile, the observation camera 10 records the solidification process of the liquid metal in the microgravity state; and finally, taking out the solidified sample, splitting open, and observing and analyzing by using a metallographic microscope.
The above description is only one practical application of the apparatus of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The in-situ observation device for the solidification of the liquid metal in the microgravity state is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic suspension system, wherein the ultrasonic suspension system is used for suspending a liquid metal sample in the air, and the in-situ observation device comprises:
the upper part of the supporting base is hermetically connected with a transparent cover body, and a closed cavity is formed inside the transparent cover body; the ultrasonic transducer is fixedly arranged above the inner part of the transparent cover body, and the lower end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the sound emission end through an amplitude transformer;
the sound reflection end is arranged in the transparent cover body through a lifting mechanism and is positioned right below the sound emission end;
the ultrasonic generator is arranged outside the transparent cover body, and the signal input end of the ultrasonic generator is connected with the signal receiving end of the ultrasonic transducer through a circuit;
the liquid metal is suspended in the transparent cover body and positioned between the sound emitting end and the sound reflecting end;
the visual system of sound field sets up in the translucent cover body outsidely for show and observe in real time to the acoustic standing wave field change of liquid metal cooling in-process under the microgravity state produced acoustic standing wave field, include:
the observation camera comprises a light source, a front convex lens, a rear convex lens, a knife edge and an observation camera, wherein the light source and the front convex lens are arranged on one side outside the transparent cover body, and the light source is arranged at a first focus of the front convex lens; the rear convex lens, the knife edge and the observation camera are sequentially arranged on the other side of the outer part of the transparent cover body, the knife edge is arranged at the second focus of the rear convex lens, light source emergent light at the first focus of the front convex lens is converted into parallel light through the front convex lens, the parallel light passes through a transparent sound field, is cut by the knife edge through the second focus of the rear convex lens, and finally forms an image in the observation camera;
the cooling mechanism is arranged at the bottom in the transparent cover body and used for cooling the liquid metal;
the sound field visualization system is used for rapidly finding the stationary point position, simultaneously observing the change of a sound stationary wave field in the cooling process in real time, accurately adjusting the position of the sound reflection end and ensuring that the liquid metal sample is in a stable suspension state.
2. The in-situ observation device for liquid metal solidification under microgravity state according to claim 1, wherein the lifting mechanism is an electric adjusting support.
3. The in-situ observation device for the solidification of liquid metal under microgravity condition according to claim 2, comprising: the electric adjusting support is controlled by a stepping motor and a single chip microcomputer which are arranged in the supporting base.
4. The in-situ observation device for liquid metal solidification under the microgravity state according to claim 1, wherein the cooling mechanism is a cooling copper pipe which is arranged in the transparent cover body and is positioned on the supporting base in an annular fixed mode, and gaseous nitrogen flow cooled by liquid nitrogen is arranged in the cooling copper pipe.
5. The in-situ observation apparatus for solidification of liquid metal under microgravity condition according to claim 1, wherein the sound reflection end surface is a plane surface or a concave spherical surface.
6. The in-situ observation device for the solidification of liquid metal under microgravity condition according to claim 1, comprising: the transparent optical material of the transparent cover body is optical quartz glass, and the transparent cover body and the supporting base are sealed by a reinforced flexible gasket.
7. The in-situ observation device for the solidification of liquid metal under microgravity condition according to claim 1, comprising: the ultrasonic transducer is fixedly connected with the supporting base through a supporting rod, the supporting rod is a hollow cylinder, and the input wiring of the ultrasonic transducer is connected to the supporting base through the supporting rod and is connected with the ultrasonic generator outside the closed cavity.
8. An observation method based on the liquid metal solidification in-situ observation device under the microgravity state of any one of claims 1 to 7,
firstly, starting a sound field visualization system, starting an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the output power and frequency of the generator, adjusting the distance between a sound emission end and a sound reflection end to a resonance distance according to an image obtained by an observation camera in the sound field visualization system in real time, and adding a liquid metal sample at a suspension node according to a visualized sound field;
then, opening a cooling mechanism for cooling;
in the process, according to a sound field image obtained by an observation camera, the height of the sound reflection end is adjusted in real time through a lifting mechanism so as to keep a stable suspension state; meanwhile, the observation camera records the solidification process of the liquid metal in the microgravity state;
and finally, taking out the solidified sample, splitting open, and observing and analyzing by using a metallographic microscope.
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| CN111846625A (en) * | 2020-07-04 | 2020-10-30 | 江苏汭博医疗科技有限公司 | Biological sample storage device |
| CN113118008B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-10-04 | 西北工业大学 | Ultrasonic-based non-contact suspension control method and device |
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| CN114882772A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-09 | 苏州大学 | Transparent alloy directional solidification experimental device capable of being observed in situ |
| CN115322898A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-11-11 | 中国计量大学 | Acoustic suspension type biological incubator simulating microgravity and application thereof |
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