CN110029544A

CN110029544A - A kind of measurement method and device of track irregularity

Info

Publication number: CN110029544A
Application number: CN201910474689.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王平; 王源; 汪力; 陈嵘; 肖杰灵; 高鸣源; 刘潇潇; 高天赐; 杨翠平; 从建力
Original assignee: Southwest Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Southwest Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2019-06-03
Filing date: 2019-06-03
Publication date: 2019-07-19
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-03
Also published as: CN110029544B

Abstract

This application provides a kind of measurement method of track irregularity and devices, measurement method based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point, string measured value is combined according to the multiple groups in preset sampling step length measurement target zone, and measurement process based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point and multiple groups combination string measured value matrix are equal to the product of the matrix of calculation matrix and rail track geometry adjacent discreteization composition, establish the measurement model for measuring rail Short wave irregularity, by constructing the Optimized model of the measurement model and carrying out inverting solution to Optimized model, track irregularity is obtained.In such manner, it is possible to effectively merge the detection data of multiple measuring points, by linear system solution to realize measurement error control, measurement accuracy is improved while guaranteeing smaller measurement wavelength resolution；Also, passes through the Combinatorial Optimization of chord measurement point position, realize maximally utilizing for the sensor at measuring point, obtain the measurement result of higher precision.

Description

A kind of measurement method and device of track irregularity

Technical field

This application involves rail field of measuring technique, in particular to the measurement method and dress of a kind of track irregularity It sets.

Background technique

Track irregularity includes rail Short wave irregularity and rail long wave irregularity in rail traffic.It is uneven with rail shortwave It mainly include that Rail Surface roughness, track irregularity and wheel tread be not smoother, rail Short wave irregularity is not only along for Wheel/rail vibration and noise can be excited, can also cause high frequency wheel-rail contact force and impact force, and further cause wheel or steel The hurts such as Guidong contact fatigue slight crack of track surface, rail corrugation.Therefore, track irregularity is detected and analyzed, is to close Reason carries out rail maintenance, maintenance, control Wheel Rail Vibration and noise, the premise and basis for extending rail service life.

The relevant technologies provide a kind of string examining system mensuration based on geometrical principle to measure track irregularity, this method Corresponding arrow degree deviation is generally measured using asymmetric 3 chord measurements, and the method by designing digital inverse filter is realized The recovery of Short wave irregularity.Pass through this kind of method, on the one hand, filtering will lead to measurement section both ends, and there are loss of data to show As on the other hand, the design of the filter under asymmetric case is excessively complicated, can lead to measurement result due to filter design The problem of generating error, and not can solve the data fusion in the case of multi-measuring point.

The relevant technologies additionally provide a kind of acceleration quadratic integral method based on dynamic response and need to keep certain measurement Speed, it is desirable that measuring instrument is in exciting state, and measurement effect is bad at low speeds.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the measurement method and device for being designed to provide a kind of track irregularity of the embodiment of the present application, lead to The mode for crossing multi-measuring point measures track irregularity, improves the wave-length coverage of surveying of track, measurement result precision is high, not examined Constraint of velocity and operability is preferable.

In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present application, which provides the embodiment of the present application, provides a kind of measurement side of track irregularity Method, comprising:

Based on the measurement method of the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point, according to the multiple groups in preset sampling step length measurement target zone Combine string measured value；Wherein, which includes the detailed shape information of measurement object；

Measurement process and multiple groups combination string measured value matrix based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point are equal to calculation matrix and steel The product of the matrix of rail track geometry adjacent discreteization composition, establishes the measurement model for measuring rail Short wave irregularity；

Based on the smallest principle of error that optimal target track track geometry combines string measured value with the multiple groups of measurement, reconstruct The Least-squares minimization model including the target track track geometry corresponding with the measurement module；

Inverting solution is carried out to the Least-squares minimization model, obtains track irregularity.

With reference to first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides the first possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein institute State the measurement method of the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point, comprising:

A point processing is carried out etc. to measurement chord length according to determining chord measurement order, obtains multiple Along ents；

If the quantity of target measuring point to be measured is one, a variety of at different Along ents from a target measuring point In arrangement, optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement is determined；

If the quantity of target measuring point to be measured is greater than one, on the basis of optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement On, by adjusting the position of an increase measuring point to be added, determine optimal double measuring point chord measurement arrangement；Judge optimal double Whether the target measuring point quantity in measuring point chord measurement arrangement meets the requirements, if it is not, continuing in optimal double measuring point chord measurement cloth On the basis of setting mode, by adjusting the position of an increase measuring point to be added, optimal three measuring points chord measurement arrangement side is obtained Formula, until the target measuring point quantity in obtained current optimal objective measuring point chord measurement arrangement is met the requirements.

The possible embodiment of with reference to first aspect the first, the embodiment of the present application provide second of first aspect Possible embodiment, wherein it is described from a target measuring point in a variety of arrangements at different Along ents, determine most Excellent unilateral point chord measurement arrangement, comprising:

For long wave trajectory, the error amplification coefficient of each group of bilateral point chord measurement arrangement is calculated, and is missed from multiple groups The smallest bilateral point chord measurement arrangement of Select Error amplification coefficient in poor amplification coefficient, as optimal double side point chord measurement cloth Set mode；Wherein, the bilateral point in every group of bilateral point chord measurement arrangement is located at different Along ents；

For shortwave track, the critical wavelength of each group of bilateral point chord measurement arrangement is calculated, and from the critical wave of multiple groups The maximum bilateral point chord measurement arrangement of critical wavelength is selected in length, as optimal double side point chord measurement arrangement.

With reference to first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides the third possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein institute It states measurement process and multiple groups the combination string measured value matrix based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point and is equal to calculation matrix and rail geometry The product of the matrix of morpheme adjacent discreteization composition, establishes the measurement model for measuring rail Short wave irregularity, comprising:

Establish the mathematic(al) representation of the measurement process of the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point:Wherein, s indicates the quantity of sensor；c_wTable Show the position of w-th of sensor；K value corresponds to s measuring point, h_kFor the string measured value that k-th of point position obtains, λ_kIt is surveyed for k-th The ratio value for the sensor installed on point position is negative；y_kFor the track irregularity at the k of position Value, y₀For the track irregularity value of string initial end, y_n+1For the track irregularity value of string end, N is chord measurement order；

Mathematic(al) representation and multiple groups the combination string measured value matrix of measurement process based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point are equal to The product of the matrix of calculation matrix and rail track geometry adjacent discreteization composition, establishes measurement model: H=MF；

Wherein, H indicates combination string measured value matrix；M indicates calculation matrix, and the first row of M corresponds to the information of the 1st measuring point, The c1+1, midpoint element is 1, the information of corresponding 2nd measuring point of the second row, wherein the c2+1, midpoint element is the 1, the 3rd row Element value is similarly；The first row of c1 representing matrix H, the second row of c2 representing matrix H, c_wThe w row of representing matrix H；N-n-2 is indicated The N-n-2 of matrix H is arranged, the N-n-1 column of N-n-1 representing matrix H；N indicates chord measurement order, the columns of n representing matrix H； Wherein, F matrix is measurement object y composition Matrix, structure is as follows:

Wherein, matrix F (y) is measurement The combination of object y, the independent unknown number of the matrix are only size (y) a, and size (y) is the length of vector y；N indicates square The columns of battle array F, N indicate chord measurement order.

The third possible embodiment with reference to first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provide the 4th kind of first aspect Possible embodiment, wherein the mistake for combining string measured value with the multiple groups of measurement based on optimal target track track geometry The smallest principle of difference, reconstructs the Least-squares minimization mould including the target track track geometry corresponding with the measurement module Type, comprising:

Based on optimal track geometry y, the smallest principle of error with the combination string measured value H of measurement, building includes The Least-squares minimization model of optimal track geometry y: Wherein, M indicates measurement square Battle array, matrix F (y) indicate the combination of quasi- measurement track irregularity object y, and H indicates combination string measured value matrix.

The 4th kind of possible embodiment with reference to first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provide the 5th kind of first aspect Possible embodiment, wherein it is described that inverting solution is carried out to the Least-squares minimization model, track irregularity is obtained, is wrapped It includes:

Calculation matrix M is split by row, obtains matrix A_k(k=c₁,c₂,…,c_w)；Wherein, A_kRepresenting matrix M is split by row Matrix afterwards；c_wThe w row of representing matrix M；M indicates calculation matrix；

Combination string measured value matrix H is split by row, obtains vector h_k(k=c₁,c₂,…,c_w)；Wherein, h_kRepresenting matrix H is pressed Matrix after row fractionation；c_wThe w row of representing matrix H；M indicates combination string measured value matrix；

Based on matrix A_kWith vector h_k, obtain two independent systems of linear equations: A_kY=h_k；K=c₁,c₂,…,c_w；Its In, y indicates quasi- measurement track irregularity object；

Based on above-mentioned system of linear equations, Least-squares minimization model is converted, transformation model is obtained:

Wherein, E indicates total residual values objective function, the target of optimization be allow it is total residual Difference the minimization of object function, U representing matrix；

Based on system of linear equationsTo the conversion Model is solved；Wherein, i expression is from c₁To c_wThe arbitrary value of middle selection, A_iIt indicates from A_kThe arbitrary value of middle selection, A_i ^TFor A_iTransposition, A_k ^TIndicate A_kTransposition, y^*For the optimal solution of measurement object, namely track irregularity measurement result.

With reference to first aspect, the possible embodiment of the first of first aspect to first aspect the 5th kind of possible reality Mode is applied, the embodiment of the present application provides the 6th kind of possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein described to described minimum two Multiply Optimized model and carry out inverting solution, after obtaining track irregularity, comprising:

According to the high-pass filtering of default filter wavelength, the obtained track irregularity is filtered, is obtained original Track irregularity.

Second aspect, the embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of measuring devices of track irregularity, comprising:

Measurement module measures mesh according to preset sampling step length for the measurement method based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point The multiple groups marked in section combine string measured value；Wherein, which includes the detailed shape information of measurement object；

Establish module, for based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point measurement process and multiple groups combination string measured value matrix be equal to The product of the matrix of calculation matrix and rail track geometry adjacent discreteization composition, is established for measuring rail Short wave irregularity Measurement model；

Reconstructed module, for combining the error of string measured value most with the multiple groups of measurement based on optimal target track track geometry Small principle reconstructs the Least-squares minimization model including the target track track geometry corresponding with the measurement module；

Computing module obtains track irregularity for carrying out inverting solution to the Least-squares minimization model.

In conjunction with second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides the first possible embodiment of second aspect, wherein this Apply for the measuring device for the track irregularity that embodiment provides, further includes:

Equal part processing module obtains multiple for point processing such as carrying out to measurement chord length according to determining chord measurement order Along ent；

Determining module, if the quantity for target measuring point to be measured is one, from a target measuring point in difference In a variety of arrangements at Along ent, optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement is determined；If the number of target measuring point to be measured Amount is greater than one, then on the basis of optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement, by adjusting an increase measuring point to be added Position, determine optimal double measuring point chord measurement arrangement；Judge the target measuring point in optimal double measuring point chord measurement arrangement Whether quantity meets the requirements, if it is not, continuing on the basis of optimal double measuring point chord measurement arrangement, by adjusting to be added The position of one increase measuring point, obtains optimal three measuring points chord measurement arrangement, until obtained current optimal objective measuring point string Target measuring point quantity in survey method arrangement is met the requirements.

In conjunction with the first possible embodiment of second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides second of second aspect Possible embodiment, wherein the determining module is specifically used for:

The measurement method and device of a kind of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application are based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point Measurement method, according to preset sampling step length measurement target zone in multiple groups combine string measured value, and based on multi-measuring point it is multistage Measurement process and multiple groups the combination string measured value matrix of chord measurement are equal to calculation matrix and rail track geometry adjacent discrete group At matrix product, the measurement model for measuring rail Short wave irregularity is established, by the optimization for constructing the measurement model Model simultaneously carries out inverting solution to Optimized model, obtains track irregularity, can effectively merge the detection data of multiple measuring points, By linear system solution to realize measurement error control, measurement essence is improved while guaranteeing smaller measurement wavelength resolution Degree；Also, passes through the Combinatorial Optimization of chord measurement point position, realize maximally utilizing for the sensor at measuring point, obtain higher The measurement result of precision.

To enable the above objects, features, and advantages of the application to be clearer and more comprehensible, preferred embodiment is cited below particularly, and cooperate Appended attached drawing, is described in detail below.

Detailed description of the invention

Technical solution in ord to more clearly illustrate embodiments of the present application, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached Figure is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only some embodiments of the application, therefore is not construed as pair The restriction of range for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also be according to this A little attached drawings obtain other relevant attached drawings.

Fig. 1 shows the structural schematic diagram of the optimal chord measurement basic ideas of N rank provided by the embodiment of the present application；

Fig. 2 shows the structural schematic diagrams of the point N rank chord measurement of S provided by the embodiment of the present application；

Fig. 3 shows 2 point N rank chord measurement measurement process schematic diagram of one kind provided by the embodiment of the present application；

Fig. 4 shows 2 point N rank chord measurement measurement process schematic diagram of another kind provided by the embodiment of the present application；

Fig. 5 shows a kind of flow chart of the measurement method of track irregularity provided by the embodiment of the present application；

Fig. 6 shows the flow chart of the measurement method of another kind track irregularity provided by the embodiment of the present application；

Fig. 7 shows the embodiment of the present application and provides the distribution schematic diagram that the string under single measuring point surveys mode；

Fig. 8 shows the embodiment of the present application and provides the distribution schematic diagram that the string under two measuring points surveys mode；

Fig. 9 shows the distribution schematic diagram of the provided s point chord measurement measuring point of the embodiment of the present application；

Figure 10 shows the flow chart that the embodiment of the present application provides the optimization method of optimal S point chord measurement；

Figure 11 shows the structural schematic diagram of the measuring device of another kind track irregularity provided by the embodiment of the present application；

Figure 12 shows the structural schematic diagram of computer equipment 40 provided by one embodiment of the application.

Specific embodiment

To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the embodiment of the present application clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present application Middle attached drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only It is some embodiments of the present application, instead of all the embodiments.The application being usually described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings is real The component for applying example can be arranged and be designed with a variety of different configurations.Therefore, below to the application's provided in the accompanying drawings The detailed description of embodiment is not intended to limit claimed scope of the present application, but is merely representative of the selected reality of the application Apply example.Based on embodiments herein, those skilled in the art institute obtained without making creative work There are other embodiments, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.

The embodiment of the present application is used to measure the Short wave irregularity in track geometry irregularities, and the rail shortwave generally paid close attention to is not Smooth wavelength is in 1mm between 3000mm, and amplitude is in submillimeter level.The basic think of of track irregularity is measured by chord measurement Road is as shown in Figure 1, wherein include two core processes, measurement process and restructuring procedure.As shown in Fig. 2, short in order to obtain rail Wave irregularity, the embodiment of the present application use " S point N rank chord measurement " Lai Shixian, this method include two main flows, 1) S point N rank Chord measurement measurement process；2) rail Short wave irregularity is obtained by the Data Post of S point N rank chord measurement.

The embodiment of the present application proposes the measurement method and device of a kind of track irregularity, is based particularly on the survey of string examining system Short Wavelength Corrugation of Rail Surface detection method is measured, this method has carried out abundant optimization to the position of measurement point, and it is same to consider multiple measuring points When in the presence of optimal measuring point position grouping, improve track surveys wave-length coverage (i.e. measurable minimum wavelength is smaller), Measurement result precision is high, the not examined constraint of velocity of the detection method, and compared with existing method precision with higher and can grasp The property made.

In the embodiment of the present application, chord measurement is for measuring track (i.e. rail) Geometric irregularity, the laying of string examining system Mode is as follows: the measuring basis string by selecting certain length contacts at string both ends with rail, measurement mid-chord (or Person etc. is than branch, multiple measuring points) the vertical distance of position and corresponding location of rail, referred to as string measured value, as string is along rail The movement in direction (either rail to) records string measured value with certain sampling step length Δ l, forms string measured value vector (or group Close string measured value vector).

For N rank chord measurement, N rank chord measurement is defined in the embodiment of the present application are as follows: to given measuring basis chord length L, string is surveyed Value measurement point is arranged on the N+1 Along ent of the string and (shares N number of possible position), and sampling step length Δ l is less than or equal to When L/ (N+1), which is known as N rank chord measurement.

For example, for the case where measuring basis chord length is 1m, if string measured value measurement point position is in some 9 Along ent of string When, and sampling step length is 0.1m, the measurement method is properly termed as 10 rank chord measurements at this time.The chord measurement of different rank detects effect Fruit is related with the number of measurement point and position.

For S point N rank chord measurement, for a N rank chord measurement, if only a measuring point is located at some N+1 Along ent, Then it is known as 1 point N rank chord measurement；When measuring point number is S (S is the integer more than or equal to 1), referred to as S point N rank chord measurement.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively illustrates the measurement process schematic diagram of one 2 point N rank chord measurement, and two measuring points are located at i-th, j-th in figure At N+1 Along ent, measurement step-length is L/ (N+1).

As shown in figure 5, being based on above-mentioned string examining system, a kind of measurement side of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application Method, described method includes following steps:

S101, the measurement method based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point, according in preset sampling step length measurement target zone Multiple groups combine string measured value；Wherein, which includes the detailed shape information of measurement object.

In the embodiment of the present application, under each preset sampling step length, one group of combination string measured value, target can be all measured Section may correspond to multiple default sampling step lengths, therefore, can obtain multiple groups combination string measured value.Wherein, every group of combination string measured value be all It include the detailed shape information of measurement object (i.e. rail).

S102, the measurement process based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point and multiple groups combination string measured value matrix are equal to calculation matrix With the product of the matrix of rail track geometry adjacent discreteization composition, the measurement mould for measuring rail Short wave irregularity is established Type.

In the embodiment of the present application, the measurement process of the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point is mathematically described first, based on measurement The multiple groups string measured value vector of measurement is carried out matrix integration by the mathematical description of process, and the purpose of integration is using matrix come unified Description, is integrated into system of linear equations for the result of measurement, to facilitate the model foundation of post-processing.Then, calculation matrix, base are defined It is equal to the think of that multiple groups combine string measured value matrix in the product for the matrix that calculation matrix is formed with rail track geometry adjacent discreteization Think, establishes the measurement model for measuring rail Short wave irregularity.

S103, the smallest original of error that string measured value is combined with the multiple groups of measurement based on optimal target track track geometry Reason reconstructs the Least-squares minimization model including the target track track geometry corresponding with the measurement module.

In the embodiment of the present application, the process of the measurement model inverting track irregularity based on foundation is above-mentioned measurement process Inverse process, in practice, the foundation of measurement model are the principles based on least square.It needs exist for, it is emphasized that not considering to survey In the case where measuring error, single measuring point is enough inverting to obtain original track irregularity namely measurement model itself to be accurate, but Actual measurement process is inevitable since the variation of the precision, the state of measuring device, environment of the sensor of measurement point position causes to survey Error is measured, measurement error will be amplified in refutation process, lead to result accuracy decline, at this point, using higher sample frequency (i.e. smaller to use step-length), the more measuring points of arrangement can effectively control the accumulation of error.This is exactly that the embodiment of the present application is adopted With the original intention (i.e. the thought of the embodiment of the present application is the control accumulation of error) of S point N rank chord measurement.

In the embodiment of the present application, for the measurement model of foundation, seeks an optimal track geometry, keep this optimal Track geometry and measurement combination string measured value error it is minimum.

S104, inverting solution is carried out to the Least-squares minimization model, obtains track irregularity.

In the embodiment of the present application, the inverting of track irregularity, corresponding measurement model, by establishing redundant data fusion most Small two multiply Optimized model, then the inverting of track irregularity is realized by solving system of linear equations, finally use Digital High Pass Filter Method obtains Short wave irregularity.

A kind of measurement method of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application, the measurement based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point Method combines string measured value according to the multiple groups in preset sampling step length measurement target zone, and is based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point Measurement process and multiple groups combination string measured value matrix be equal to calculation matrix and rail track geometry adjacent discreteization composition square The product of battle array, establishes the measurement model for measuring rail Short wave irregularity, by constructing the Optimized model of the measurement model simultaneously Inverting solution is carried out to Optimized model, track irregularity is obtained, can effectively merge the detection data of multiple measuring points, pass through line Property system solution improves measurement accuracy while guaranteeing smaller measurement wavelength resolution to realize measurement error control；And And by the Combinatorial Optimization of chord measurement point position, realizes maximally utilizing for the sensor at measuring point, obtain higher precision Measurement result.

In the embodiment of the present application, by solving the system of linear equations with the Least-squares minimization model equivalency of building, obtain Track irregularity.

Further, as shown in fig. 6, providing one kind in the measurement method of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application Universal measurement method, the measurement method can be used for different detection occasions, not for certain specific class detection device, also not needle To some specific chord length and order N.Measurement process needs to obtain the string measured value vector at corresponding measuring point.Specific measurement side Method includes:

S201, a point processing is carried out etc. to measurement chord length according to determining chord measurement order, obtains multiple Along ents.

In the embodiment of the present application, measurement chord length and chord measurement order N are predefined, N pairs determining of chord measurement order is passed through Determining measurement chord length such as carries out at point processing, obtains multiple Along ents in multiple measurement chord lengths.

If the quantity of S202, target measuring point to be measured is one, from a target measuring point at different Along ents A variety of arrangements in, determine optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement.

It is as follows for the optimal point layout scheme of single measuring point N rank chord measurement: for single measuring point feelings in the embodiment of the present application For condition, for measurement chord length L and chord measurement order N, then target measuring point (i.e. possible measuring point) is distributed in the N+ of this N number of string At 1 Along ent namely string L is divided into N+1 parts by N number of Along ent, as shown in fig. 7, set the target measuring point left side as z parts, the right For t, then have:

Z+t=N+1；

Wherein, z, t ∈ N⁺, z and t is are divided into integer number shared by two parts by single measuring point.

The arrangement of optimal single-point chord measurement is given in the embodiment of the present application are as follows:

The condition that minimum measurement wavelength resolution can reach Δ w=2L/ (N+1) is: z is relatively prime with t, i.e. greatest common divisor It is 1, is denoted as (z, t)=1；Wherein, Δ w indicates that minimum measurement wavelength resolution, L indicate that measurement chord length L, N indicate chord measurement order. Guarantee the highest condition of measurement accuracy on this basis are as follows: z and t need to meet following optimal conditions:

min|z-t|；

Particularly when N is even number, have:

In fact, by the embodiment of the present application propose computation model, even if whether optimal stationing mode, be also capable of measuring Track geometry irregularities (shortwave) is obtained, only optimal conditions here can guarantee optimal to the control effect of error.

It should be noted that optimal single-point chord measurement at this time will appear local boundary effect, at this time by the shorter of both ends The rejection of data of range (data length is chord length L).

If the quantity of S203, target measuring point to be measured is greater than one, in optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement On the basis of, by adjusting the position of an increase measuring point to be added, determine optimal double measuring point chord measurement arrangement；Judgement is most Whether the target measuring point quantity in excellent double measuring point chord measurement arrangements meets the requirements, if it is not, continuing to survey in optimal double measuring point string On the basis of method arrangement, by adjusting the position of an increase measuring point to be added, optimal three measuring points chord measurement cloth is obtained Mode is set, until the target measuring point quantity in obtained current optimal objective measuring point chord measurement arrangement is met the requirements.

As shown in figure 8, for two measuring point situations, for measurement chord length L and chord measurement order N, then target measuring point is (i.e. Possible measuring point) it is distributed at the N+1 Along ent of this N number of string namely string L is divided into N+1 parts by N number of Along ent.If two It is r parts, z parts and t parts that a measuring point, which divides N+1,；Wherein, r, z and t is are divided into integer part shared by three parts by two measuring points Number.

Likewise, giving the arrangement of optimal two o'clock chord measurement in the embodiment of the present application:

The condition that minimum measurement wavelength resolution can reach Δ w=2L/ (N+1) is: the greatest common divisor of r, z and t are 1, it is denoted as (r, z, t)=1.Δ w indicates that minimum measurement wavelength resolution, L indicate that measurement chord length L, N indicate chord measurement order.Herein On the basis of guarantee that the highest condition of measurement accuracy is related with the specific nature of N, provide a preferably condition relatively here, i.e.,

Wherein, round () indicates the operation that rounds up.Particularly when N is odd number, have:

For S (S is more than or equal to 2) point N rank chord measurement, the optimal measuring point optimization method of S point N rank chord measurement is as follows:

As shown in figure 9, for multi-measuring point (measuring point number S is greater than 2) situation, for measurement chord length L and chord measurement order N, then possible measuring point is distributed at the N+1 Along ent of this N number of string namely string L is divided into N+1 parts by N number of Along ent.If S measuring point divides N+1 for r₁Part, r₂Part and r_s+1Part.

As shown in Figure 10, for optimal s point chord measurement, minimum measurement wavelength resolution can reach Δ w=2L/ (N+1) Condition be: (r₁,r₂,…,r_s+1)=1, the i.e. greatest common divisor of this s+1 integer are 1；Wherein, r₁、r₂And r_s+1For by s Integer number shared by the be divided into part s+1 of measuring point.With increasing for measuring point quantity, absolutely optimal stationing mode is excessively multiple Miscellaneous, the embodiment of the present application provides the optimal way of general optimal multiple spot chord measurement: on the basis of optimal two measuring points chord measurement One optimal measuring point of addition forms optimal three and surveys measuring point chord measurement, and addition one is optimal on the basis of optimal three measuring points chord measurement Measuring point forms optimal four and surveys measuring point chord measurement, and so on, an optimal measuring point is supplemented on the basis of optimal s-1 measuring point chord measurement Form optimal s point chord measurement.

Further, step 102, described based on more in the measurement method of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application It is adjacent with rail track geometry that measurement process and multiple groups the combination string measured value matrix of the multistage chord measurement of measuring point are equal to calculation matrix The product of the matrix of discretization composition, establishes the measurement model for measuring rail Short wave irregularity, comprising:

Establish the mathematic(al) representation of the measurement process of the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point:

Wherein, s indicates the number of sensor Amount；c_wIndicate the position of w-th of sensor；K value corresponds to s measuring point, h_kFor the string measured value that k-th of point position obtains, λ_kFor The ratio value for the sensor installed on k-th of point position is negative；It is above-mentioned^-Indicate a symbol, y_kFor the track irregularity value at the k of position, y₀For the track irregularity value of string initial end, y_n+1For string end track not Smooth value, N are chord measurement order.

The matrix integration of string measured value vector is measured, the purpose of integration is using matrix come Unify legislation, by the result of measurement It is integrated into system of linear equations, to facilitate the model foundation of post-processing.The mathematics of measurement process based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point Expression formula and multiple groups combination string measured value matrix are equal to the matrix of calculation matrix and rail track geometry adjacent discreteization composition Product establishes measurement model: H=MF；

Wherein, H indicates combination string measured value matrix；M indicates calculation matrix, and the first row of M corresponds to the information of the 1st measuring point, The c1+1, midpoint element is 1, the information of corresponding 2nd measuring point of the second row, wherein the c2+1, midpoint element is the 1, the 3rd row Element value is similarly；The first row of c1 representing matrix H, the second row of c2 representing matrix H, and so on, c_wThe w row of representing matrix H； The N-n-2 of N-n-2 representing matrix H is arranged, the N-n-1 column of N-n-1 representing matrix H；N indicates chord measurement order, n representing matrix H's Columns；It is above-mentioned^-Indicate a symbol, specifically,

Wherein, F matrix is the matrix of measurement object y composition, and structure is as follows:

Further, S103, described based on optimal in the measurement method of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application The smallest principle of the error that target track track geometry combines string measured value with the multiple groups of measurement reconstructs corresponding with the measurement module The Least-squares minimization model including the target track track geometry, comprising:

Based on optimal track geometry y, the smallest principle of error with the combination string measured value H of measurement, building includes The Least-squares minimization model of optimal track geometry y.Wherein, Least-squares minimization model can be briefly described to seek An optimal track geometry y is sought, so that it is minimum with the error of the combination string measured value H of measurement, it may be assumed that

Above formula optimal model implies partially restrained, i.e. matrix F (y) is coupling, and optimization needs first by square Battle array F (y) is decoupled；Wherein, M indicates calculation matrix；Matrix F (y) indicates the combination of quasi- measurement track irregularity object y；H expression group Close string measured value matrix；The matrix (namely combination string measured value matrix) being made of multiple measuring point sensor readings, every row corresponding one A sensor along mileage direction reading, each column correspond to certain it is primary mobile after all the sensors reading.

It is described that inverting solution is carried out to the Least-squares minimization model in step 104, obtain the process of track irregularity It is as follows:

Above-mentioned Least-squares minimization model belongs to the convex optimization problem of belt restraining, but since constraint lies in objective function In, inconvenient direct solution below first decouples matrix F (y).

Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, calculation matrix M is split by row, and matrix A is defined based on this_k(k=c₁, c₂,…,c_w):

Wherein, A_kRepresenting matrix M is by the matrix after row fractionation；c_wThe w row of representing matrix M；M indicates calculation matrix；

String measured value matrix H is split by row, and is based on this definition vector h_k(k=c₁,c₂,…,c_w):

h_k={ h_k,1 h_k,2 … h_k,N-n-1 h_k,N-n}^T；K=i, j；Wherein, h_kRepresenting matrix H is by the matrix after row fractionation； c_wThe w row of representing matrix H；M indicates combination string measured value matrix；I indicates h_kLine number, j indicate h_kColumns.

Based on matrix A_kWith vector h_k, the available independent system of linear equations of following two:

A_kY=h_k；K=c₁,c₂,…,c_w；

Above-mentioned Least-squares minimization model can convert are as follows:

Wherein, E indicates total residual values objective function, the target of optimization be allow its most Smallization, U representing matrix, in matrix U, A_c1To A_cwIt can be expressed as A_i(i=c1 ..., cw are indicated, as follows:

When single measuring point, Optimized model can be briefly described are as follows:It is corresponding, it is single to survey Least square solution y when point^*It is obtained by solving following system of linear equations: A_i ^TA_i·y^*=A_i ^Th_i.Wherein, A_iIt indicates from A_kIn The arbitrary value of selection, A_i ^TFor A_iTransposition, A_k ^TIndicate A_kTransposition, y^*For the optimal solution of measurement object, namely track irregularity Measurement result.

The process solved to transformation model is as follows: above-mentioned Optimized model belongs to typical convex Optimized model, optimal solution y^*It can be calculated by following linear operator:

Wherein,For the simplification operator of inverse model；H is the string measured value matrix that measurement obtains；The expression pair of M small tenon The calculation matrix (being determined by multiple spot arrangement form) answered；A_iIndicate the diagonal matrix generated by the i-th row of calculation matrix M, form It is as follows:

A_i ^TFor A_iTransposition, h_kIndicate the transposed vector of the row k vector of calculation matrix H, y^*For the optimal of measurement object Solution, namely track irregularity measurement result.

Above formula is it is to be understood that for given multiple spot string arrangement form, it is only necessary to measure corresponding string measured value matrix According to inversion operatorDescribed calculation expression obtains the optimal estimation result y of track irregularity^*.It should be noted that If matrixIt is irreversible, then it usesPseudoinverse.

Further, the measurement method of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application, it is step 202, described from this Target measuring point determines optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement in a variety of arrangements at different Along ents, comprising:

For long wave trajectory, the error amplification coefficient of each group of bilateral point chord measurement arrangement is calculated, and is missed from multiple groups The smallest bilateral point chord measurement arrangement of Select Error amplification coefficient in poor amplification coefficient, as optimal double side point chord measurement cloth Set mode；Wherein, the bilateral point in every group of bilateral point chord measurement arrangement is located at different Along ents.

In the embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application proposes S point N rank chord measurement, the lower measurement essence of different measuring points combination The measure of degree is the important foundation for optimizing measuring point combination.Because derivation process is relatively complicated, S point N rank is directly given here The Measure Indexes C of chord measurement measurement accuracy_k.The index is also known as error amplification coefficient, and subscript k has corresponded to the kth of measurement section A sampling location.The index gives the accumulation law of error on different measurement sections, it is however generally that, it is attached among measurement section The nearly error amplification coefficient can be maximized.To the chord measurement order N with given measuring point number S and determination, different string survey groups It closes its lower error amplification coefficient and has notable difference.

Wherein, C_kFor the Measure Indexes of S point N rank chord measurement measurement accuracy, C_kAnd D_ki ²In subscript k indicate measurement section K-th of sampling location, k=c₁,c₂,…,c_w；I expression is from c₁To c_wThe arbitrary value of middle selection, N indicate chord measurement order, n table Show any order of multiple spot chord measurement；D representing matrix and D=[BA_c1 ^T BA_c2 ^T … BA_cw ^T]；Wherein, calculation matrix M is torn open by row Point, obtain matrix A_k(k=c₁,c₂,…,c_w)；Wherein, A_kRepresenting matrix M is by the matrix after row fractionation；c_wThe w of representing matrix M Row；M indicates calculation matrix；B is matrix, meets following condition:

Wherein, I is unit matrix, A_i(i=c₁,c₂,…,c_w) it is corresponding c after calculation matrix M is split by row₁Row construction It obtains, i expression is from c₁To c_wThe arbitrary value of middle selection, A_iIt indicates from A_kThe arbitrary value of middle selection, A_i ^TFor A_iTransposition.If square Battle arrayIrreversible, then B herein isPseudoinverse.Wherein, A_kBe expressed as follows:

The definition calculation method of critical wavelength:

Firstly the need of understanding, critical wavelength is retouching to the error fundamental characteristics under a certain specific multiple spot string arrangement It states, the error accumulation coefficient in critical wavelength position is 1.Namely it can be generated more than the long wavelength components sensor error of the wavelength tired Product, precision are deteriorated, and the short wavelength components error for being less than the wavelength can be suppressed, precision improvement.

Firstly, considering inversion operatorLinear characteristic, measurement error can be described as:

Wherein,For inversion operator, it is white noise, namely with 0 that E, which is each sensor measurement random error, The normal distribution of 1 variance of value, y are actual trajcctorics irregularity,For measurement error item.Error term is considered below Characteristic, ask its discrete Fourier transform:

Wherein, subscript p indicates that the position coordinates in orbit measurement direction, w indicate wavelength；Indicate corresponding a certain wavelength Measurement error itemFourier's changing value (for a plural number).

In turn, critical wavelength is defined as certain wavelength w_c, make its correspondenceMould mathematic expectaion be equal to 1, namely:

Wherein, Amp () is to plural modulus, and E () is mathematic expectaion.Above formula can be estimated by numerical value emulation method It obtains.

Further, step 104, described to described in the measurement method of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application Least-squares minimization model carries out inverting solution, after obtaining track irregularity, comprising:

In the embodiment of the present application, the Short wave irregularity of rail is obtained by high-pass filtering.It solves to obtain by the above method Track irregularity contain various wavelength components, from minimum measurement wavelength resolution to measurement section overall length.Due to each survey There is measurement error in point, and this error will be amplified in refutation process, and error amplification rule can be described as follows:

1) overall error (i.e. inverting obtains the error in track irregularity) is minimum in the Origin And Destination of measurement section, approaches Sensor accuracy class, and accumulated near section midpoint it is the most significant, if retouched with the error amplification factor at section midpoint The precision for stating measurement, is denoted as C_n/2, then measuring overall accuracy approximation has following relationship:

Wherein, l is the section length of measurement, and L is measuring basis chord length, and N is chord measurement order, and S is measuring point number.The mistake Poor expression formula is summarized to obtain by theory analysis with empirical method.It should be noted that being in error formula given here Number a and b is affected by combination, thus can not provide the value of specific coefficient a and b, in the embodiment of the present application body On the basis of measuring point Combinatorial Optimization, a and b take approximation 0.5, a+b approach and 1.

2) in overall error, the error term amplitude of different wave length is different, and general shortwave precision is higher, and the main composition of error is Long wave irregularity, as the increase of wavelength increases in the speed of 1.85 powers of wavelength, namely longer Wavelength components error is more Greatly.

As a result, in Short wave irregularity measurement process, it is very necessary for filtering out long wave error term by high-pass filter. The wave-length coverage of high-pass filter is [0~3000mm], namely only retains 3m Wavelength components below.Specific filter construction side Method is very various, is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.

A kind of measurement method of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application surveys method using S point N rank string and passes through S The combination string measured value of the optimal location stationing mode detection track of point N rank chord measurement measuring point combination, and utilize the principle of least square Multi-measuring point string measured value vector is merged, track geometry irregularities detected value is obtained by Solving Linear, can effectively be melted The detection data for closing multiple measuring points is guaranteeing smaller measurement wavelength by linear system solution to realize measurement error control Measurement accuracy is improved while resolution ratio；Also, passes through the Combinatorial Optimization of chord measurement point position, realize the sensor at measuring point Maximally utilize, obtain the measurement result of higher precision.

As shown in figure 11, the measuring device of a kind of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application, for executing above-mentioned rail The measurement method of road irregularity, described device include:

Measurement module 11 is measured for the measurement method based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point according to preset sampling step length Multiple groups in target zone combine string measured value；Wherein, which includes the detailed shape information of measurement object；

Module 12 is established, for measurement process and multiple groups combination string measured value matrix etc. based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point In the product of calculation matrix and the matrix of rail track geometry adjacent discreteization composition, establish for measuring rail Short wave irregularity Measurement model；

Reconstructed module 13, for combining the error of string measured value with the multiple groups of measurement based on optimal target track track geometry The smallest principle reconstructs the Least-squares minimization mould including the target track track geometry corresponding with the measurement module Type；

Computing module 14 obtains track irregularity for carrying out inverting solution to the Least-squares minimization model.

Further, the measuring device of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application, described device further include:

Further, the measuring device of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application, determining module are specifically used for:

Further, the measuring device of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application, further includes:

Filter module, for being filtered to the obtained track irregularity according to the high-pass filtering for presetting filter wavelength Wave obtains original track irregularity.

Further, the measuring device of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application is established module 12, is specifically used for:

Wherein, H indicates combination string measured value matrix；M indicates calculation matrix, and the first row of M corresponds to the information of the 1st measuring point, The c1+1, midpoint element is 1, the information of corresponding 2nd measuring point of the second row, wherein the c2+1, midpoint element is the 1, the 3rd row Element value is similarly；The first row of c1 representing matrix H, the second row of c2 representing matrix H, and so on, the w row of cw representing matrix H； The N-n-2 of N-n-2 representing matrix H is arranged, the N-n-1 column of N-n-1 representing matrix H；N indicates chord measurement order, n representing matrix H's Columns； Wherein, F matrix is measurement object y The matrix of composition, structure are as follows:

Further, in the measuring device of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application, reconstructed module 13 is specific to use In:

Further, in the measuring device of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application, computing module 14 is specific to use In:

A kind of measuring device of track irregularity provided by the embodiments of the present application, the measurement based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point Method combines string measured value according to the multiple groups in preset sampling step length measurement target zone, and is based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point Measurement process and multiple groups combination string measured value matrix be equal to calculation matrix and rail track geometry adjacent discreteization composition square The product of battle array, establishes the measurement model for measuring rail Short wave irregularity, by constructing the Optimized model of the measurement model simultaneously Inverting solution is carried out to Optimized model, track irregularity is obtained, can effectively merge the detection data of multiple measuring points, pass through line Property system solution improves measurement accuracy while guaranteeing smaller measurement wavelength resolution to realize measurement error control；And And by the Combinatorial Optimization of chord measurement point position, realizes maximally utilizing for the sensor at measuring point, obtain higher precision Measurement result.

Figure 12 is the structural schematic diagram for the computer equipment 40 that one embodiment of the application provides, as shown in figure 12, for holding The measurement method of row track irregularity, the equipment include memory 401, processor 402 and are stored on the memory 401 and can The computer program run on the processor 402, wherein above-mentioned processor 402 is realized when executing above-mentioned computer program The step of stating the measurement method of track irregularity.

Specifically, above-mentioned memory 401 and processor 402 can be general memory and processor, do not do have here Body limits, and when the computer program of 402 run memory 401 of processor storage, is able to carry out the survey of above-mentioned track irregularity Amount method.

Corresponding to the measurement method of the track irregularity in Fig. 5, the embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of computer-readable Storage medium is stored with computer program on the computer readable storage medium, which holds when being run by processor The step of measurement method of the above-mentioned track irregularity of row.

Specifically, which can be general storage medium, such as mobile disk, hard disk, on the storage medium Computer program when being run, be able to carry out the measurement method of above-mentioned track irregularity.

The measuring device of track irregularity provided by the embodiment of the present application can be the specific hardware or peace in equipment Loaded on the software or firmware etc. in equipment.The technical effect of device provided by the embodiment of the present application, realization principle and generation Identical with preceding method embodiment, to briefly describe, Installation practice part does not refer to place, can refer to preceding method embodiment Middle corresponding contents.It is apparent to those skilled in the art that for convenience and simplicity of description, foregoing description is The specific work process of system, device and unit, the corresponding process during reference can be made to the above method embodiment, it is no longer superfluous herein It states.

In embodiment provided herein, it should be understood that disclosed device and method, it can be by others side Formula is realized.The apparatus embodiments described above are merely exemplary, for example, the division of the unit, only one kind are patrolled Function division is collected, there may be another division manner in actual implementation, in another example, multiple units or components can combine or can To be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.Another point, shown or discussed is mutual Coupling, direct-coupling or communication connection can be INDIRECT COUPLING or communication link by some communication interfaces, device or unit It connects, can be electrical property, mechanical or other forms.

The unit as illustrated by the separation member may or may not be physically separated, aobvious as unit The component shown may or may not be physical unit, it can and it is in one place, or may be distributed over multiple In network unit.It can select some or all of unit therein according to the actual needs to realize the mesh of this embodiment scheme 's.

In addition, each functional unit in embodiment provided by the present application can integrate in one processing unit, it can also To be that each unit physically exists alone, can also be integrated in one unit with two or more units.

It, can be with if the function is realized in the form of SFU software functional unit and when sold or used as an independent product It is stored in a computer readable storage medium.Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the application is substantially in other words The part of the part that contributes to existing technology or the technical solution can be embodied in the form of software products, the meter Calculation machine software product is stored in a storage medium, including some instructions are used so that a computer equipment (can be a People's computer, server or network equipment etc.) execute each embodiment the method for the application all or part of the steps. And storage medium above-mentioned includes: that USB flash disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), arbitrary access are deposited The various media that can store program code such as reservoir (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic or disk.

It should also be noted that similar label and letter indicate similar terms in following attached drawing, therefore, once a certain Xiang Yi It is defined in a attached drawing, does not then need that it is further defined and explained in subsequent attached drawing, in addition, term " the One ", " second ", " third " etc. are only used for distinguishing description, are not understood to indicate or imply relative importance.

Finally, it should be noted that embodiment described above, the only specific embodiment of the application, to illustrate the application Technical solution, rather than its limitations, the protection scope of the application is not limited thereto, although with reference to the foregoing embodiments to this Shen It please be described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: anyone skilled in the art Within the technical scope of the present application, it can still modify to technical solution documented by previous embodiment or can be light It is readily conceivable that variation or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modifications, variation or replacement, do not make The essence of corresponding technical solution is detached from the spirit and scope of the embodiment of the present application technical solution.The protection in the application should all be covered Within the scope of.Therefore, the protection scope of the application should be subject to the protection scope in claims.

Claims

1. a kind of measurement method of track irregularity characterized by comprising

Based on the measurement method of the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point, combined according to the multiple groups in preset sampling step length measurement target zone String measured value；Wherein, which includes the detailed shape information of measurement object；

Measurement process and multiple groups combination string measured value matrix based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point are several equal to calculation matrix and rail The product of the matrix of what morpheme adjacent discreteization composition, establishes the measurement model for measuring rail Short wave irregularity；

Based on the smallest principle of error that optimal target track track geometry combines string measured value with the multiple groups of measurement, reconstruct and institute State the corresponding Least-squares minimization model including the target track track geometry of measurement module；

2. the measurement method of track irregularity according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point Measurement method, comprising:

If the quantity of target measuring point to be measured is one, from a variety of arrangements of the target measuring point at different Along ents In mode, optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement is determined；

If the quantity of target measuring point to be measured is greater than one, on the basis of optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement, lead to The position for adjusting an increase measuring point to be added is crossed, determines optimal double measuring point chord measurement arrangement；Judge optimal double measuring point Whether the target measuring point quantity in chord measurement arrangement meets the requirements, if it is not, continuing in optimal double measuring point chord measurement arrangement side On the basis of formula, by adjusting the position of an increase measuring point to be added, optimal three measuring points chord measurement arrangement is obtained, directly Target measuring point quantity into obtained current optimal objective measuring point chord measurement arrangement is met the requirements.

3. the measurement method of track irregularity according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described from a target measuring point In a variety of arrangements at different Along ents, optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement is determined, comprising:

For long wave trajectory, the error amplification coefficient of each group of bilateral point chord measurement arrangement is calculated, and is put from multiple groups error The smallest bilateral point chord measurement arrangement of Select Error amplification coefficient in big coefficient, as optimal double side point chord measurement arrangement side Formula；Wherein, the bilateral point in every group of bilateral point chord measurement arrangement is located at different Along ents；

For shortwave track, the critical wavelength of each group of bilateral point chord measurement arrangement is calculated, and from multiple groups critical wavelength The maximum bilateral point chord measurement arrangement of critical wavelength is selected, as optimal double side point chord measurement arrangement.

4. the measurement method of track irregularity according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to be based on the multistage string of multi-measuring point Measurement process and multiple groups the combination string measured value matrix of survey method are equal to calculation matrix and rail track geometry adjacent discreteization forms Matrix product, establish the measurement model for measuring rail Short wave irregularity, comprising:

Mathematic(al) representation and multiple groups the combination string measured value matrix of measurement process based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point are equal to measurement The product of the matrix of matrix and rail track geometry adjacent discreteization composition, establishes measurement model: H=MF；

Wherein, H indicates combination string measured value matrix；M indicates calculation matrix, the information of corresponding 1st measuring point of the first row of M, midpoint The c1+1 element is 1, the information of corresponding 2nd measuring point of the second row, wherein the c2+1, midpoint element is the 1, the 3rd row element Value is similarly；The first row of c1 representing matrix H, the second row of c2 representing matrix H, c_wThe w row of representing matrix H；N-n-2 representing matrix The N-n-2 of H is arranged, the N-n-1 column of N-n-1 representing matrix H；N indicates chord measurement order, the columns of n representing matrix H； Wherein, F matrix is measurement object y composition Matrix, structure is as follows:

Wherein, matrix F (y) is measurement object y Combination, the independent unknown number of the matrix is only size (y) a, and size (y) is the length of vector y；N representing matrix F's Columns, N indicate chord measurement order.

5. the measurement method of track irregularity according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described based on optimal target track The smallest principle of the error that road track geometry combines string measured value with the multiple groups of measurement, reconstruct is corresponding with the measurement module to include The Least-squares minimization model of the target track track geometry, comprising:

Based on optimal track geometry y, the smallest principle of error with the combination string measured value H of measurement, building includes optimal Track geometry y Least-squares minimization model: Wherein, M indicates calculation matrix, Matrix F (y) indicates the combination of quasi- measurement track irregularity object y, and H indicates combination string measured value matrix.

6. the measurement method of track irregularity according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described excellent to the least square Change model and carry out inverting solution, obtains track irregularity, comprising:

Calculation matrix M is split by row, obtains matrix A_k；Wherein, A_kRepresenting matrix M is by the matrix after row fractionation；c_wRepresenting matrix The w row of M；M indicates calculation matrix；K=c₁, c₂..., c_w；

Combination string measured value matrix H is split by row, obtains vector h_k；Wherein, h_kRepresenting matrix H is by the matrix after row fractionation；c_wTable Show the w row of matrix H；M indicates combination string measured value matrix；K=c₁, c₂..., c_w；

Based on matrix A_kWith vector h_k, obtain two independent systems of linear equations: A_kY=h_k；K=c₁, c₂..., c_w；Wherein, y Indicate quasi- measurement track irregularity object；

Wherein, E indicates total residual values objective function, and the target of optimization is to allow total residual values The minimization of object function, U representing matrix；

Based on system of linear equationsTo the transformation model It is solved；Wherein, i expression is from c₁To c_wThe arbitrary value of middle selection, A_iIt indicates from A_kThe arbitrary value of middle selection, A_i ^TFor A_i's Transposition, A_k ^TIndicate A_kTransposition, y^*For the optimal solution namely track irregularity measurement result of measurement object.

7. the measurement method of described in any item track irregularities according to claim 1~6, which is characterized in that described to described Least-squares minimization model carries out inverting solution, after obtaining track irregularity, comprising:

According to the high-pass filtering of default filter wavelength, the obtained track irregularity is filtered, original track is obtained Irregularity.

8. a kind of measuring device of track irregularity characterized by comprising

Measurement module measures target area according to preset sampling step length for the measurement method based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point Multiple groups in section combine string measured value；Wherein, which includes the detailed shape information of measurement object；

Establish module, for based on the multistage chord measurement of multi-measuring point measurement process and multiple groups combination string measured value matrix be equal to measurement The product of the matrix of matrix and rail track geometry adjacent discreteization composition, establishes the measurement for measuring rail Short wave irregularity Model；

Reconstructed module, the error for combining string measured value with the multiple groups of measurement based on optimal target track track geometry are the smallest Principle reconstructs the Least-squares minimization model including the target track track geometry corresponding with the measurement module；

9. the measuring device of track irregularity according to claim 8, which is characterized in that further include:

Equal part processing module obtains multiple equal parts for point processing such as carrying out to measurement chord length according to determining chord measurement order Point；

Determining module, if the quantity for target measuring point to be measured is one, from a target measuring point in different equal parts In a variety of arrangements at point, optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement is determined；If the quantity of target measuring point to be measured is big In one, then on the basis of optimal unilateral point chord measurement arrangement, by adjusting the position of an increase measuring point to be added It sets, determines optimal double measuring point chord measurement arrangement；Judge the target measuring point quantity in optimal double measuring point chord measurement arrangement Whether meet the requirements, if it is not, continuing on the basis of optimal double measuring point chord measurement arrangement, by adjusting to be added one The position for increasing measuring point, obtains optimal three measuring points chord measurement arrangement, until obtained current optimal objective measuring point chord measurement Target measuring point quantity in arrangement is met the requirements.

10. the measuring device of track irregularity according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the determining module is specific to use In: