CN110026298A - A kind of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus and its application method - Google Patents
A kind of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus and its application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110026298A CN110026298A CN201910313685.8A CN201910313685A CN110026298A CN 110026298 A CN110026298 A CN 110026298A CN 201910313685 A CN201910313685 A CN 201910313685A CN 110026298 A CN110026298 A CN 110026298A
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- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
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- B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
- B04B5/12—Centrifuges in which rotors other than bowls generate centrifugal effects in stationary containers
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Abstract
A kind of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus and its application method.The invention belongs to micro-nano powder grain size grading technical fields, and in particular to a kind of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus and its application method.The present invention is to solve existing physical method synthesizer complexity, the problem of high operation requirements, grain size grading controllability be low and low separation efficiency.Device includes cylinder, lifting agitating device and control panel；Cylinder includes shell and separating tank；Going up and down agitating device includes stirring blade, motor and bracket.Method: suspension is first configured, it is fully dispersed by mechanical stirring and ultrasonic vibration again, suspension is added in centrifugal device and is centrifuged, take out separating tank, new separating tank is added, powder granule is successively deposited in separating tank slots at different levels by itself particle size under the centrifugal action of different rotating speeds, and the narrow nanometer powders at different levels of particle diameter distribution can be obtained after drying.It is suitble to the separation of all size scale micro-nano powder.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to micro-nano powder grain size grading technical fields, and in particular to a kind of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugation point
Stage arrangement and its application method.
Background technique
Micro-nano powder include nano-powder and micro-powder, in particular to powder by partial size 1nm to 100 μm
Powder constituent, wherein nanoparticle refer to partial size in 1nm to the particle between 1000nm, nanoparticle is also known as ultrafine dust.
Nanoparticle is the group by the few atom of number or molecular composition, both atypical microscopic system also atypia
Macrosystem, therefore nanoparticle have some strange physicochemical characteristics.For example can be used as catalyst, nanometer can be used
Particle has as permanent magnet material in addition, nano-particle volume effect makes it can be used as the use of the activating agent of sintering process
Effect improves Sintered Quality.Nano material is alternatively arranged as infrared absorbing material, as Cr system alloy nano particle have to infrared ray it is good
Good absorption；Targeted drug etc. can be made in medical domain.It can be seen that nanotechnology fundamental research and new material
The application studies such as exploitation have all obtained quick development, and in industries such as traditional material, medical equipment, electronic equipment, coating
It is widely used.
As it can be seen that nano material has important position in Material Field, it is more next that this will will lead to demand to nanoparticle
It is more.Part nanoparticle can be by being chemically synthesized, and particle diameter distribution is ideal, but some nanoparticle is chemical
Synthetic method cost is too high, can only be synthesized by physical method, such as boron carbide.Diameter of particle distribution is prepared using physical method
It is wider, when such as wanting to prepare nano material, nano particle diameter classification is carried out, the particle size range for controlling particle is to guarantee quality of materials
Important means.However, nanoparticle specific surface energy is big, easily reunite, traditional separation means such as settling methods, material sieving technology
It is difficult to effectively be classified micro-nano powder.
In existing novel nano particle isolation technics, patent CN102614975A discloses a kind of for water-soluble nano grain
The method of sub- Selective Separation.This method use with the ionic surfactant of separated nanoparticle oppositely charged as
Extractant is extracted water phase small-medium size nanoparticle by extraction method by the surfactant-dispersed in oil-phase solution
The oily phase taken retains macro nanometer particle in water phase, to realize separation.The disadvantages of this method is first is that selection to extractant
It is sufficiently complex and have significant limitation, second is that the selectivity to partial size is not strong, can not accomplish to separate partial size carry out it is more smart
True control, third is that collecting difficult, inefficiency.
Patent CN101712011A discloses a kind of organic density gradient and is centrifuged at a high speed the sides of oil-soluble nano particles
Method.The colloidal solution of homogeneous clear is made in nano particle by this method, by sequentially adding various concentration in centrifuge tube
Organic density gradient media is made into organic density gradient, and the colloidal solution of nanoparticle is added in organic density gradient and is centrifuged.
By rate of settling difference of the nanoparticle of different size and pattern in organic density gradient solution to reach separation
Effect.The disadvantages of this method is first is that selection and configuration to organic solvent are extremely complex, and it is very high to operate requirement, second is that partial size divides
Grade range is easily caused separation to fail, low efficiency by the selectional restriction of organic solvent third is that collecting difficulty.
Therefore, that there is an urgent need to develop a kind of devices is simple, easy to operate, grain size grading controllability is strong, separative efficiency is high
The method of micro-nano powder partial size separation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve existing physical method synthesizer complexity, high operation requirements, grain size grading controllability it is low and
The problem of low separation efficiency, and a kind of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus and its application method are provided.
A kind of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus of the present invention includes cylinder, lifting agitating device and control plane
Plate；The cylinder includes shell and separating tank, and the shell and separating tank are the hollow cylinder of upper bottom surface opening, described
Separating tank diameter is the half of the diameter of the housing, and the separating tank is detachably connected on the bottom of shell；The lifting stirring
Device includes stirring blade, motor and bracket, and the motor is fixed on bracket, and the stirring blade is connected to the bottom of motor
Portion, stirring blade are gone up and down relative to motor；It is provided with rising button, declines button, time knob on the control panel and turns
Fast knob, for the control panel by conducting wire and electrical connection of motor, the control panel is electrical by conducting wire and rising button
Connection, the control panel are electrically connected by conducting wire and declines button；The control panel passes through conducting wire and time knob electricity
Property connection, the control panel is electrically connected by conducting wire and clock；The control panel is electrical by conducting wire and revolving speed knob
Connection.
A kind of application method of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus of the present invention is to sequentially include the following steps:
One, suspension is pre-prepared: first micro-nano powder to be separated being added in solvent I, then is made by mechanical stirring wait divide
It is well-dispersed in solvent I from micro-nano powder and suspension is made, be then separated from each other the powder of adhesion using ultrasonic vibration；
Two, it is centrifuged: first solvent II being added at 2/3rds of cylinder, then suspension is added in cylinder, control
The revolving speed of motor processed is centrifuged, and nano particle will be by downward gravity, upward buoyancy and direction point in centrifugal process
Frictional force from cylinder central axes, the powder friction that partial size is greater than critical value are not enough to provide centripetal force, will make centrifugation fortune
It is dynamic to be separated at barrel wall, and the powder granule that partial size is less than the critical value can be suspended in above separating tank；
Three, it stands: being stood after the completion of centrifugation, the powder granule that partial size above separating tank is less than the critical value will be
It is settled down in separating tank under the action of gravity；
Four, it takes powder: the separating tank of cylinder bottom being removed into taking-up, while being put into new separating tank；
Five, it is classified powder drying: after centrifugal sedimentation, the separating tank of taking-up being dried in thermostatic drying chamber
Obtain the narrow nanometer powder of particle diameter distribution；
Six, step 1 is repeated when needing to carry out multi-stage separation to five, and it is required to regulate and control to obtain that revolving speed is reduced by classification
The nanometer powder of partial size.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The classification to variety classes micro-nano powder partial size can be realized by adjusting parameter of noncentricity in the present invention, to operator
The professional skill of member is easy to operate without particular/special requirement.The grain size grading scope of application is larger, covers mixed in 50nm to 20 μ ms
Close powder.Equipment requirement is not high, and generally conventional centrifuge can be realized.This method is using the solution of particular viscosity as centrifugation point
Grade medium, is a kind of powder diameter nondestructive grading method of pure liquid phase；Grading effect is good, and classification efficiency is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus；
Fig. 2 cylinder diagrammatic cross-section；
Fig. 3 control panel schematic diagram；
The scanned photograph of micro-nano powder to be separated in Fig. 4 embodiment one；
Fig. 5 embodiment little particle scanned photograph in separating tank A after a separation；
Fig. 6 embodiment middle particulate scan photo in separating tank B after a separation；
Fig. 7 embodiment bulky grain scanned photograph in separating tank C after a separation.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following list, further includes between each specific embodiment
Any combination illustrates following specific embodiments in conjunction with FIG. 1 to FIG. 7.
Specific embodiment 1: a kind of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus of present embodiment includes cylinder 1, rises
Agitating device 2 and control panel 3 drop；The cylinder 1 includes shell 4 and separating tank 5, on the shell 4 and separating tank 5 be
The hollow cylinder of bottom opening, 5 diameter of separating tank are the half of 4 diameter of shell, and the separating tank 5 detachably connects
It connects in the bottom of shell 4；The lifting agitating device 2 includes stirring blade 6, motor 7 and bracket 8, and the motor 7 is fixed on branch
On frame 8, the stirring blade 6 is connected to the bottom of motor 7, and stirring blade 6 is gone up and down relative to motor 7；On the control panel 3
It is provided with rising button 9, declines button 10, time knob 11 and revolving speed knob 12, the control panel 3 passes through conducting wire and motor
7 are electrically connected, and the control panel 3 is electrically connected by conducting wire and rising button 9, and the control panel 3 is by conducting wire under
Button 10 is dropped to be electrically connected；The control panel 3 is electrically connected by conducting wire and time knob 11, and the control panel 3 passes through
Conducting wire and clock are electrically connected；The control panel 3 is electrically connected by conducting wire and revolving speed knob 12.
Telescopic rod is provided between stirring blade 6 and motor 7 described in present embodiment to realize the lifting of stirring blade 6.
Specific embodiment 2: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the bottom setting of the shell 4
There is circular groove, circular groove is identical as 5 diameter of separating tank, is used for fixedly separated slot 5.Other and one phase of specific embodiment
Together.
Specific embodiment 3: a kind of application method of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus of present embodiment be by
Following steps carry out:
One, suspension is pre-prepared: first micro-nano powder to be separated being added in solvent I, then is made by mechanical stirring wait divide
It is well-dispersed in solvent I from micro-nano powder and suspension is made, be then separated from each other the powder of adhesion using ultrasonic vibration；
Two, it is centrifuged: being first added to solvent II at 2/3rds of cylinder 1, then suspension is added in cylinder 1,
The revolving speed of control motor 7 is centrifuged, and nano particle will be by downward gravity, upward buoyancy and direction in centrifugal process
The frictional force of cylinder central axes, the powder friction that partial size is greater than critical value are not enough to provide centripetal force, will be centrifuged
Movement is separated at barrel wall, and the powder granule that partial size is less than the critical value can be suspended in 5 top of separating tank；
Three, it stands: being stood after the completion of centrifugation, the powder granule that the partial size above separating tank 5 is less than the critical value will
It is settled down in separating tank 5 under gravity；
Four, it takes powder: the separating tank 5 of 1 bottom of cylinder being removed into taking-up, while being put into new separating tank 5；
Five, it is classified powder drying: after centrifugal sedimentation, the separating tank 5 of taking-up being dried, i.e., in thermostatic drying chamber
The narrow nanometer powder of particle diameter distribution can be obtained；
Six, step 1 is repeated when needing to carry out multi-stage separation to five, and it is required to regulate and control to obtain that revolving speed is reduced by classification
The nanometer powder of partial size.
The mechanical stirring of present embodiment step 1 is the pretreatment before pouring into centrifugal device, mainly powder is allowed to disperse
It opens, is evenly distributed, using convention stir device or hand operated mixing.
There is biggish distance with the liquid level of solvent II at the top of present embodiment separating tank, when powder granule settles down
It waits, the big particle of partial size has been thrown out of, even if there is residual bulky grain, can also repeat experiment to improve separating effect.
After present embodiment step 4, the operation of step 1 to three is repeated, so that the particle diameter distribution of nano-powder is more
Add concentration.When to the screening of a certain particle size range, screening effect is can be improved in the repetitive operation in the case where not changing revolving speed.
By reducing the revolving speed of step 2 step by step when present embodiment step 6 carries out multi-stage separation, by change revolving speed come
Realize that under the centrifugal action of multistage revolving speed, powder granule will successively be settled by itself particle size to the range of choice of partial size
In separating tanks at different levels, the critical value of adjacent separating tank partial size is powder particle size distribution range in separating tanks at different levels.
Specific embodiment 4: present embodiment is unlike specific embodiment three: to be separated described in step 1
Micro-nano powder be it is a kind of in micro-nano boron carbide powder, micro-nano carborundum powder, micro-nano aluminum powder and micro-nano alumina powder or
Wherein several mixing；The partial size of the micro-nano powder to be separated is 50nm~20 μm.Other and specific embodiment three-phase
Together.
Specific embodiment 5: present embodiment is unlike specific embodiment three or four: molten described in step 1
Agent I is the mixture of water, dehydrated alcohol and ether, and wherein the volume ratio of water, dehydrated alcohol and ether is 1:(1.5~2.5): (2
~5)；Solvent II described in step 2 is the mixture of water, dehydrated alcohol and ether, wherein the body of water, dehydrated alcohol and ether
Product is than being 1:(1.5~2.5): (2~5)；And the solvent I is identical as the proportion of solvent II.Other and specific embodiment three
Or four is identical.
Specific embodiment 6: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment three to five: institute in step 1
The power for stating ultrasonic vibration is 200~400W, and frequency is 20~40kHz, and the time is 10~30min.Other and specific embodiment party
One of formula three to five is identical.
Specific embodiment 7: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment three to six: being controlled in step 2
The revolving speed of motor 7 processed is 3000~4000rpm, and the time of the centrifugation is 5~20min.Other with specific embodiment three to
One of six is identical.
Specific embodiment 8: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment three to seven: institute in step 3
The time for stating standing is 20~40min.Other are identical as one of specific embodiment three to seven.
Specific embodiment 9: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment three to eight: institute in step 5
The drying temperature for stating thermostatic drying chamber is 60~90 DEG C, and the time is 1~4h.One of other and specific embodiment three to eight phase
Together.
Specific embodiment 10: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment three to nine: institute in step 6
Stating classification reduces by 400~600rpm of every level-one revolving speed reduction in revolving speed.Other are identical as one of specific embodiment three to nine.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are verified by following embodiment:
Embodiment one: a kind of application method of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus is to sequentially include the following steps:
A kind of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus and method are to sequentially include the following steps:
One, suspension is pre-prepared: first micro-nano boron carbide powder being added in solvent I, then is made by mechanical stirring wait divide
It is well-dispersed in solvent I from micro-nano powder and suspension is made, be then separated from each other the powder of adhesion using ultrasonic vibration；
Ultrasonic vibration power is 250W, frequency 40kHz, time 20min；The solvent I is the mixing of water, dehydrated alcohol and ether
Object, wherein the volume ratio of water, dehydrated alcohol and ether is 1:1.5:3；
Two, it is centrifuged: being first added to solvent II at 2/3rds of cylinder 1, then suspension is added in cylinder 1,
Control motor speed is that 3800rpm is centrifuged, and centrifugation time 15min, nano particle will be by downward in centrifugal process
Gravity, upward buoyancy and be directed toward cylinder central axes frictional force, partial size be greater than critical value powder friction not
It is enough to provide centripetal force, will be separated at barrel wall as centrifugal movement, and the powder granule that partial size is less than the critical value can suspend
Above separating tank 5；The solvent II is the mixture of water, dehydrated alcohol and ether, wherein the body of water, dehydrated alcohol and ether
Product is than being 1:1.5:3；
Three, 30min is stood after the completion of centrifugation, the powder granule that the partial size above separating tank 5 is less than the critical value will
It is settled down in separating tank 5 under gravity；
Four, it takes powder: the separating tank 5 of 1 bottom of cylinder being removed into taking-up, is denoted as separating tank A, while being put into new separating tank
5；
It is respectively that 2800rpm and 1800rpm is repeated twice step 2 to four in revolving speed, separating tank 5 is respectively labeled as separating
Slot B and separating tank C；
Five, it is classified powder drying: after centrifugal sedimentations at different levels, the separating tank 5 of taking-up drying in thermostatic drying chamber
Dry, constant temperature drying temperature is 80 DEG C, time 1.5h, and the narrow nanometer powder of particle diameter distributions at different levels can be obtained.
Original micro-nano powder partial size is uneven as can see from Figure 4, has less than 1 micron, also has greater than 5 microns
's；
It can be seen that, this grade of separating obtained diameter of particle is mainly 1 from the little particle scanned photograph in Fig. 5 separating tank A
Micron or less；
It can be seen that, this grade of separating obtained diameter of particle is mainly 1- from the little particle scanned photograph in Fig. 6 separating tank B
2 microns；
It can be seen that, this grade of separating obtained diameter of particle is mainly 2 from the little particle scanned photograph in Fig. 7 separating tank C
Micron or more.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus, it is characterised in that micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus includes
Cylinder (1), lifting agitating device (2) and control panel (3)；The cylinder (1) includes shell (4) and separating tank (5), institute
It states shell (4) and separating tank (5) is the hollow cylinder of upper bottom surface opening, separating tank (5) diameter is the shell (4)
The half of diameter, the separating tank (5) are detachably connected on the bottom of shell (4)；The lifting agitating device (2) includes stirring
Blade (6), motor (7) and bracket (8), the motor (7) are fixed on bracket (8), and the stirring blade (6) is connected to motor
(7) bottom, stirring blade (6) are gone up and down relative to motor (7)；Be provided on the control panel (3) rising button (9), under
Button (10), time knob (11) and revolving speed knob (12) drop, and the control panel (3) is electrically connected by conducting wire with motor (7)
It connects, the control panel (3) is electrically connected by conducting wire and rising button (9), and the control panel (3) passes through conducting wire and decline
Button (10) is electrically connected；The control panel (3) is electrically connected by conducting wire and time knob (11), the control panel
(3) it is electrically connected by conducting wire and clock；The control panel (3) is electrically connected by conducting wire and revolving speed knob (12).
2. a kind of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the shell (4)
Bottom be provided with circular groove, circular groove is identical as separating tank (5) diameter, be used for fixedly separated slot (5).
3. a kind of application method of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that micro-
The application method of particle diameter of nanometer powder centrifugal classification apparatus is to sequentially include the following steps:
One, suspension is pre-prepared: first micro-nano powder to be separated being added in solvent I, then is made by mechanical stirring to be separated micro-
Nanometer powder, which is well-dispersed in solvent I, is made suspension, is then separated from each other the powder of adhesion using ultrasonic vibration；
Two, it is centrifuged: being first added to solvent II at 2/3rds of cylinder (1), then suspension is added in cylinder (1),
The revolving speed of control motor (7) is centrifuged, and nano particle by downward gravity, upward buoyancy and will refer in centrifugal process
To the frictional force of cylinder central axes, partial size be greater than critical value powder friction be not enough to provide centripetal force, will make from
Heart movement is separated at barrel wall, and the powder granule that partial size is less than the critical value can be suspended in above separating tank (5)；
Three, stand: being stood after the completion of centrifugation, be located at the partial size above separating tank (5) be less than the powder granule of the critical value will be
It is settled down under the action of gravity in separating tank (5)；
Four, it takes powder: the separating tank (5) of cylinder (1) bottom being removed into taking-up, while being put into new separating tank (5)；
Five, it is classified powder drying: after centrifugal sedimentation, the separating tank (5) of taking-up being dried in thermostatic drying chamber
Obtain the narrow nanometer powder of particle diameter distribution；
Six, step 1 is repeated when needing to carry out multi-stage separation to five, and revolving speed is reduced by classification to regulate and control to obtain required partial size
Nanometer powder.
4. a kind of application method of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
Micro-nano powder to be separated described in step 1 is micro-nano boron carbide powder, micro-nano carborundum powder, micro-nano aluminum powder and micro-nano
A kind of or in which several mixing in rice alumina powder；The partial size of the micro-nano powder to be separated is 50nm~20 μm.
5. a kind of application method of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
Solvent I described in step 1 is the mixture of water, dehydrated alcohol and ether, and wherein the volume ratio of water, dehydrated alcohol and ether is
1:(1.5~2.5): (2~5)；Solvent II described in step 2 is the mixture of water, dehydrated alcohol and ether, wherein water, anhydrous
The volume ratio of ethyl alcohol and ether is 1:(1.5~2.5): (2~5)；And the solvent I is identical as the proportion of solvent II.
6. a kind of application method of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
The power of ultrasonic vibration described in step 1 is 200~400W, and frequency is 20~40kHz, and the time is 10~30min.
7. a kind of application method of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
The revolving speed that motor (7) are controlled in step 2 is 3000~4000rpm, and the time of the centrifugation is 5~20min.
8. a kind of application method of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
The time of standing described in step 3 is 20~40min.
9. a kind of application method of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
The drying temperature of thermostatic drying chamber described in step 5 is 60~90 DEG C, and the time is 1~4h.
10. a kind of application method of micro-nano powder partial size centrifugal classification apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
Classification described in step 6, which reduces every level-one revolving speed in revolving speed, reduces by 400~600rpm.
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| CN114436339A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-06 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Monodisperse FeOOH colloidal particles and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20190719 |