CN110023453A - Wear-resistant propping agent compound and its component - Google Patents
Wear-resistant propping agent compound and its component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110023453A CN110023453A CN201780067836.5A CN201780067836A CN110023453A CN 110023453 A CN110023453 A CN 110023453A CN 201780067836 A CN201780067836 A CN 201780067836A CN 110023453 A CN110023453 A CN 110023453A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- proppant
- modified
- modified proppant
- combination
- Prior art date
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NPAKNKYSJIDKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvedilol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=C[CH]C3=C12 NPAKNKYSJIDKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000001476 phosphono group Chemical group [H]OP(*)(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000440 toxicity profile Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021489 α-quartz Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/665—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/685—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds containing cross-linking agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
- C09K8/805—Coated proppants
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D171/00—Coating compositions based on polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D171/02—Polyalkylene oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/22—Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Sealing Devices (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the components in proppant surface with protectant hydraulic fracturing and gravel pack proppant compound and protective agent and proppant.Surface protectant is reduced during being especially pneumatic transfer in transport and transmission process due to dust/particulate generation caused by denuding and hitting from proppant.
Description
Cross reference
The application is based on the U.S. Patent Application No. 15/342,826 submitted on November 3rd, 2016 and requires its priority,
It is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to a kind of proppant compounds, and more particularly but without limitation, the present invention relates to one kind
Wear-resistant propping agent compound for hydraulic fracturing.
Background technique
Hydraulic fracturing is clipped in impermeable geological structure in oil gas (oil and gas) production commonly used to obtain
Carbon.The process is related to the fluid that injecting height pressurizes into pit shaft, usually contains water or another carrier, chemicals and branch
Agent is supportted, this will lead to following rock rupture.Then the proppant in fluid stays in the crack of rock, and keeps crack spacious
It opens, is collected so that following hydrocarbon be allowed to flow through crack and enter in pit shaft.
Currently usually using proppant (such as sand, ceramics of quartz sand, coated with resins, and being used in hydraulic fracturing
Manufacturing the material of ceramics, such as bauxite) Lai Zengjia is from the production of hydrocarbons of subsurface formations.But all these proppants are being incited somebody to action
They, which are pumped into, carries out all being easy to produce dust/particulate before pressure break in transport and processing in well.For example, when quartz sand is for pressing
When splitting, abrasion can occur in quartz particles into pressing crack construction field process in transport and hit, and in quartz particles and hold
Abrasion occurs between wall and hits.The abrasion and while impinging upon transfer and discharged material, greatly increase.It is passed in vanning, belt
Give, blender load, from multiple sand-blasting machine operation release, from stinger release, from open fill port (open fill
Port dust/particulate can be generated in the process by) spraying dust and other processing operations, have potential negative health effects and ring
Border influences.Particularly, pneumatic unloading can generate high-caliber dust/particulate (dust/fines).
Dust/particulate is the small particulate matter that can be suspended in the air.This particulate matter can be naturally-produced, can be with
It is artificial.The present invention relates to by using wear-resistant propping agent to limit dust/thin in transport, hydraulic fracturing and other application
The generation of grain.Inhalable particles are one for the health and safety of the staff and other personnel that contact with dust/particulate
Especially misgivings.These air particles have potentially hazardous since its deep penetration enters the ability of alveolar.Particularly,
Display is long-term or excessively the inhalable crystalline silica of contact (such as quartz) can cause pneumoconiosis disease, commonly referred to as silicosis.
In dust/particulate classification, inhalable particles are sufficiently small to enter those of alveolar, and are generally included
Diameter is 10 microns (micrometer) (or microns (micron)) or smaller particle.As particle size is brought down below 10
A possibility that micron, granular absorption is in alveolar, increases.Although it is 10 microns or smaller powder that the present invention, which can successfully inhibit diameter,
Dirt/particulate (including diameter is 2.5 microns or smaller particulate), but the present invention may also suppress the particulate matter of other suspensions,
Its size can bigger either sub-micron.As the medicine for being more fully understood inhalable suspended particulate influences and environment shadow
It rings, the present invention will continue to for inhibiting dust/particulate in hydraulic fracturing and other application, because those aspects are in the reality in future
It tramples and is understood that in managing.
As for current management environment, Occupational health and safety association, the U.S. (Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA)) be Department of Labor (U.S.Department of Labor) a mechanism,
It is authorized by setting up and executing workplace standard to ensure the operating condition of safety and health.OSHA is in 29CFR
The tolerable exposure limit (PEL) of many chemical substances is established in 1910.1000.OSHA is at present about inhalable silicon dioxide powder
PEL of the dirt in general industry is found in the following contents: 1910.1000 table Z-3 and OSHA Technical Manual of 29CFR
(OTM) part ii: the 1st chapter annex J, " sample of crystalline silica calculates (Sample Calculations for
Crystalline Silica) ", including following formula, the equation 6 of the part III.K.2 from annex J:
PEL(mg/m3)=(10mg/m3The inhalable quartz of)/(2+%)
Therefore, for the dust containing 100% quartz, PEL is 10/ (100+2), or about 0.1mg/m3.Term " can
Sucking quartz " includes the dust containing the quartz greater than 1%, and particle size is sufficiently small to reach the alveolar space in lung, or
Its aerodynamic diameter of person is less than 10 μm.Dust exposure is expressed as granule density, and (such as million particles per cubic foots are empty
Gas or mppcf) or gravity concentration (the particle units quality of every volumes of air, such as mg/m3).OSHA management organization is managed
Rulemaking program comprising public opinion and comment.This management and political procedure can produce new or revision mark
Standard needs time many years that could establish, finalizes a text and be published as standard.If as the OSHA on the 12nd of September in 2013 announces federation
Indicated by the rule that (Federal Register) is proposed, PEL is down to 0.05 milligram of inhalable crystallization by the rule that OSHA is proposed
Every cubic metres of air (the 0.05mg/m of silica3), then employer will be more difficult to for the control of silica exposure being lower than
PEL (this is solved by the present invention).
When OSHA recognizes that its many PEL has been subjected to, and revising current PEL is one long-term complicated process.
As such, OSHA suggests that employer considers using the alternative professional exposure limit (the i.e. exposure limit (REL) that NIOSH suggests
With ACGIH TLV).It is practiced as optimal industrial hygiene, industrial hygienist federation, U.S. government (ACGIH) is a base
In the tissue of member, it is dedicated to industrial hygiene and Occupational Health and Safety industry.ACGIH announces ACGIH occupation every year and exposes to the open air
Magnitude guide (ACGIH Guide to Occupational Exposure Values) considers U.S.'s occupation exposure limit
Standard source.As occupation in 2015 exposes included and OSHA 1910.1200 annotation table Z-3 of 29CFR in magnitude guide to the open air
It is average for the time weights in 8 hours that may be inhaled crystalline silica mentioned in Mineral Dusts (Mineral Duses)
(TWA) the ACGIH threshold limit value (TLV) of work shift exposure is 0.025mg/m for alpha-quartz3.US Occupational Safety health
Research institute (NIOSH) is U.S. Department of Health and Human Service (U.S.Department of Health and Human
Services a part of the Disease Control and Prevention Center (CDC) in).In addition to this, NIOSH is responsible for being studied, and root
Suggestion is provided to the relevant sick and wounded prevention that works according to obtainable best science data.At present for in forty-hour week
What the NIOSH that up to 10 hours working days relevant TWA is announced suggested exposes horizontal (REL) to the open air for as respirable dust
Crystalline silica is 0.05mg/m3.Other than these mechanisms, U.S., external mechanism also assists in the mark for formulating workplace
Quasi- and suggestion, including professional exposure limit Science committee (Sientific Committee on Occupational
Exposure Limits (SCOEL)) and social casualty insurance occupational safety and health research institute (the Institut f ü r of Germany
Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA)), it is directed to work
The professional exposure limit of place chemicals provides suggestion for EU Committee, and with Australian work health and safety law
The workplace exposure for the air pollutants that case (Australian Work Health and Safety Act) is announced together
Standard.This invention address that meet all these various standards and suggestion, and meets and self-imposed can exceed that these requirements
Standard.
Proppant particulate may also will lead to problem in petroleum vapor recovery.Particulate is smaller than entire proppant, therefore is propping up
It supports cracks open and oil gas is made to flow through aspect, less effectively.In addition, they are easy blocking crack, inhibit nytron
The flowing of object, and reduce the productivity of well.
Coating proppant main purpose before is to increase the compression strength of proppant, and dust Control is seen merely as being secondary
Benefit.Compression strength can be increased by coating proppant with resin.But this is costly, therefore is not ideal increase wearability
Solution.The purpose of other coating is to be controlled by coalescing small dust particles by originally just preventing from forming dust
Dust processed.
According to the above, it is intended to provide after transport and processing (especially in pneumatic uninstall process) with less
Dust/particulate proppant.
It is also expected to this proppant is a kind of Novel propping agent for hydraulic fracturing industry.
It is also expected to this proppant allows the user of proppant after transport and processing and when pneumatic unloading abides by
OSHA PEL, NIOSH REL and similar requirement, this can preferably protect staff, and it is to prevent the dust of puzzlement
Change (it may will affect the local community near sand factory, reprinting facility or pressing crack construction scene).
It is also expected to this proppant can help to abide by reduced OSHA PEL, NIOSH REL or class when needing in the future
As standardize.
It is also expected to it is more cheaper than the proppant of coated with resins to produce this proppant.
It is also expected to this proppant prevents from forming dust rather than only coalesces existing dust.
Summary of the invention
In general, in the first aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of modified proppant in surface, it includes proppant and at least portions
Divide the chemical coating of the covering proppant.The chemical coating can be based on low molecular poly, or may include low point
The combination of son amount polyethylene glycol and glycerol, the combination of low molecular poly and propylene glycol or low molecular poly,
The combination of propylene glycol and glycerol.Additionally or alternatively, the modified proppant in surface can have greater than about 35% haze reduction
The factor.The coating can increase the wear resistance of proppant.Additionally or alternatively, the coating can be in transport, processing, gas
The generation of proppant dust/particulate is reduced when dynamic unloading or their combination.
Proppant before coating applies can be substantially free of dust, and can be original principle (substrate), wraps
Include sand, ceramics or composite material, mineral, the shell ground, the proppant of coated with resins or their combination.Coating can be with right and wrong
Toxicity.Coating can not be ionomer, be not thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), be not hydrogel.It is modified that coating is smaller than surface
The 2wt.% of proppant, less than the 1wt.% of the modified proppant in surface or surface is modified the 0.05wt.% of proppant extremely
0.20wt.%.
The chemical coating can be applied to proppant by injection, mechanical mixture, on-mechanical mixing or their combination.Institute
Stating coating may include multiple coating, and the coating (multiple) (sequentially) or can be applied to proppant in succession simultaneously
On.The multiple coating may include the first coating and the second coating, and the first coating can have the change different from the second coating
Learn composition.Alternatively, the first chemical composition of paint can be identical as the second chemical composition of paint.The coating can use
Proppant is applied to before proppant.The coating may include thick coating, shallow layer or partial coating (partial layer of
coating)。
The modified proppant in surface can further include chemical markers, such as colorant, ultra-violet dye, conductibility enhancingization
Product or their combination.Additionally or alternatively, the modified proppant in surface can further include fracturing fluid crosslinking delay
Agent can be glycine betaine, gluconate, polyglycols or their combination.The coating can not need solidification or dry.
In the second aspect, the present invention relates to the method for generating the modified proppant in surface, the method includes to proppant
Chemical coating is added, wherein the chemical coating is based on low molecular poly, or may include low molecular poly
The combination of combination, low molecular poly and propylene glycol with glycerol or low molecular poly, propylene glycol and glycerol
Combination；And by coating and mixed with proppants, or by coating be ejected on proppant and without mixing, generate surface change
Property proppant.The coating can not be ionomer.The coating is smaller than the 2wt.% of the modified proppant in surface, is less than
The 0.05wt.% to 0.20wt.% of the modified proppant of 1wt.% or surface of the modified proppant in surface.It can be in operated type
It is mixed in continuous machinery blender (blender), operated type interval mechanical blend device, static mixer or their combination
It closes.The method can further comprise that the second chemical coating is added to the modified proppant in surface, and by the second chemical coating and table
Face is modified mixed with proppants.
In the third aspect, the present invention relates to the sides that proppant abrasion is reduced from anywhere in proppant supply chain
Method, the method includes using the modified proppant in surface.The modified proppant in surface may include proppant and at least partly cover institute
The chemical coating of proppant is stated, wherein the chemical coating is based on low molecular poly, or may include that low molecular weight is poly-
The combination of ethylene glycol and glycerol, the combination of low molecular poly and propylene glycol or low molecular poly, propylene glycol
With the combination of glycerol.
The proppant can be original principle, including sand, ceramics or composite material, compound, mineral, the shell ground,
The proppant or their combination of coated with resins.The coating can not be ionomer.The coating is smaller than surface and changes
Property proppant the modified proppant of 2wt.%, the 1wt.% less than the modified proppant in surface or surface 0.05wt.% extremely
0.20wt.%.
The chemical coating can be applied to proppant by mechanical mixture, injection, on-mechanical mixing or their combination.Institute
Stating coating may include the multiple coating being simultaneously or sequentially applied on proppant.The multiple coating may include the first coating and
Two coating, and the first coating can have the chemical composition or first chemical composition of paint different from the second coating can be with
Second chemical composition of paint is identical.The coating can be applied to proppant before using proppant.
The modified proppant in surface can further include chemical markers, such as colorant, ultra-violet dye, conductibility enhancingization
Product or their combination.The modified proppant in surface can further include fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent, can be beet
Alkali, gluconate, polyglycols or their combination.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the cross section of the modified proppant in surface for fracturing process, and wherein the modified proppant in surface has thickness
Coating；
Fig. 2 shows the cross section of the modified proppant in surface for fracturing process, and wherein the modified proppant in surface has thin
Coating；
Fig. 3 shows the cross section of the modified proppant in surface for fracturing process, and wherein the modified proppant in surface has portion
Divide coating；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of a process for being used to the extensive modified proppant in manufacture surface；
Fig. 5 is in hydraulic fracturing using the schematic diagram of modified proppant；
Fig. 5 a is the partial enlargement of Fig. 5 schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is a chart, is shown as measured by turbidity, the table described in example 1 to 12 and 16 to 21
Dust/the particulate generated during abrasion/abrasion (abrasion/attrition) of the modified proppant in face is reduced；
Fig. 7 is a chart, is shown as measured by turbidity, denuded in ball mill abrasion test in 12.5 hours/
Dust/the particulate generated in wear process is reduced；
Fig. 8 is a chart, shows that the fracturing sand of uncoated fracturing sand and coating is inhalable in pneumatic unloading
Silica dust is horizontal；
Fig. 9 is a chart, is shown as measured by turbidity, the modified proppant in surface described in example 22 to 26
Dust/particulate reduce；
Figure 10 is a chart, shows the particle size distribution of system described in example 28；
Figure 11 is a chart, is shown as measured by turbidity, the modified support in surface described in example 28 to 30
The dust of agent/particulate is reduced；
Figure 12 is a chart, is shown as tested in example 15, example 33 and example 34 and being weighed with percentage
Total respirable dust of amount, the modified proppant in surface described in example 1 and 4 is reduced；
Figure 13 is a chart, in many samples described in display example 1 to 14,16 to 25 and 28 to 30 always
Haze reduction factor percentage；
Figure 14 is a chart, is shown as measured by turbidity, surface described in example 35 to 41,44 and 45
Dust/particulate the reduction generated in abrasion/wear process of modified proppant；
Figure 15 is a chart, shows that surface described in example 35 to 41,44 and 45 as described in example 42 changes
Property proppant moisture intake reduction, the direction as performance improvement；
Figure 16 is a chart, shows the reduction of the moisture intake of the pure polyglycols coating as described in example 43, makees
For the direction of performance improvement.
Other advantages and features are readily apparent that from following description and claims.
Specific embodiment
Device and method discussed in this article are used merely to explanation and make and use ad hoc fashion of the invention, should not be understood
For the limitation to range.
Although device and method are described with particularity to a certain degree, it should be noted that can be without departing from this public affairs
Many changes are carried out to the details and device of structure and the arrangement of component in the case where opening the spirit and scope of content.Ying Li
Solution, device and method are not limited to this paper to illustrate the embodiment that purpose provides.
In the first aspect, present invention relates in general to a kind of wear-resistant propping agent compound and its components.It is surveying
In examination, the coating based on glycerol, the coating based on vegetable oil or the coating for being based on tall oil pitch (tall oil pitch)
Thick-layer, thin layer or part of covering layer can unexpectedly increase wear resistance/impact resistance of the modified proppant in surface, and
And respirable dust/particulate level can be substantially reduced when pneumatically unloading this surface and being modified proppant compound.It is this
It was found that critically important when protection is exposed to the staff of proppant dust.The green property and sustainability of this chemical coating
Matter can also preferably protect our environment and water source.
It is asked in addition to being used in the worker safety for air particulate matter relevant to OSHA compliance and NIOSH guide
Except topic, the proppant compound can use in hydraulic fracturing situation in underground.Material may be used also as described further below
As industrial sand, building sand or sports ground sand, or for similar situation.The green property and sustainability of the chemical coating
Matter is critically important.It can avoid pollution the water and underground water of ground collecting zone (such as pond, streams or live runoff).It removes
Except OSHA and NIOSH, U.S.EPA (Environmental Pretection Agency, EPA) or other mechanisms can
It can also propose to encourage or require using biology and environment friendly material (such as the modified proppant in surface as described herein)
Specification.
The proppant can be the modified proppant in surface for fracturing process.Institute can be seen in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3
State the cross section of proppant.Modified proppant 100 can be in transport and processing and when in the pneumatic unloading in pressing crack construction scene
Less dust/particulate is provided.Environmental-friendly chemicals/coating 120 (such as formulation for coating material, base based on glycerol can be used
In the formula of vegetable oil, or the formulation for coating material based on tall oil pitch) proppant is modified.Proppant 110 can be sand, such as
Quartz sand, the beach sand, golf sand, coral sand, volcanic ash, glass sand, gypsum sand, oolith sand, silicon that quartz sand, resin coat
Sand, black sand, greensand, Desert Sand, Shi Zhisha, biological sand, pomegranate stone sand, olivine sand, heavy mineral sand, continent sand, quartz sand or its
The sand of its type；Or ceramics, for manufacture ceramics material (such as bauxite, light weight ceramics or resin coating ceramics,
Commonly used in pressure break industry) or other suitable bulk materials, such as rubble English, broken shell etc..The modified self raising flour dirt in surface generates
Composite system applies also for generating other particles of dust, such as talcum, feldspar, diatomite, kaolin, rubble English, seabeach
Sand, sports ground sand, forging (fume) silica, golf course sand etc..Proppant 110 is shown as in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3
It is round or spherical, but it can be without departing from any geometry of the invention.
Chemical coating 120 can not be thermosetting polymer, ionomer, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) or hydrogel.Change
Petroleum can be not based on, be based on glycerol, based on propylene glycol or their combination by learning coating 120.More particularly, the chemistry applies
Material can be based on glycerol, be based on vegetable oil, be based on tall oil pitch, be based on methyl ester and/or ethyl ester or their combination,
Or it can be mineral oil or other suitable coating.The coating can not be ionomer, wherein ionomer packet
Polyanion and polycationic polymer, including synthetic polymer, biopolymer or modified biopolymer are included, in skeleton
Or as substituent group, include carboxyl, sulfo group, sulphate groups, phosphono or or mixtures thereof phosphate-based or its salt, Huo Zhebai
Amine, secondary amine or tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium group or its suitable salt.The chemical coating can be it is environmental-friendly, and for people
Class and/or animal can be atoxic.The coating can not need solidification or dry.Coating 120 can not be from it is different
The additive or secondary coating of Coating material composition for various purposes, but main coating elements (element) can be used alone as.
The environment friendly and toxicity profiles of the changeable modified proppant system of coating or processing based on petroleum, are included in
Air-borne dust/particulate when underground is handled material before introducing it, and the residual environment after down-hole application are dirty
Dye.In such a way that non-exhaustive excludes, modified proppant 100 may not include the painting based on petroleum except glycerol or propylene glycol
Material, surface hydrogel layer, synthetic polymeric layer, silane-functional oxidant layer, synthetic resin layer, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) are based on petroleum
Other coating of fraction or based on from except polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol petroleum distillate monomer prepare polymer it is other
Coating.The other coating excluded from the present invention include tackifier (including polyamide and polyacid) and organic coating, including each
Kind thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) or thermosetting polymer, polyurethane, cured isocyanate functional component, esterase or Ji Wusi
Alcohol rosin ester, novolak polymers (phenol-aldehyde novolac polymer), polycarbodiimide, ring
Oxide or viscoelastic surface's activator.This other or alternative coating is used to proppant being suspended to slurries sometimes
In, proppant is delivered to breaking part, conductibility is promoted (to be the mobility of hydrocarbon under the scene, be not conductive
Property), bear structural pressure (i.e. compression strength), or be used for other underground purposes.Modification proppant 100 of the invention can be with this
A little other materials system in combination use, and are worried or with solving a variety of competitiveness in hydraulic fracturing or relevant context for other
A variety of competitive misgivings of underground purpose (reducing the reflux of proppant).
Coating can be applied before using proppant.Therefore, coating can be applied to the new support substantially free of dust
Agent.As such, coating mainly can prevent from forming dust rather than only inhibit existing dust by preventing proppant abrasion.It is right
In the proppant with particular particle size, uncoated proppant may be broken in transport, processing and other use processes
It splits.Coated proppant can keep identical particle size, and coating prevents proppant particles from rupturing.The coating proppant
Can distinguish with such coating: the coating is applied to agglomerate containing dust, to coalesce existing dust, and prevents existing
Dust becomes to propagate in air.If its turbidity is less than 200, preferably smaller than 150, more preferably less than 100, more preferably less than
50, then proppant is just seen as substantially free of dust.Turbidity is since suspended solid sightless for naked eye causes
Fluid cloudiness (cloudiness) or turbidness (haziness).Dust/the particulate to suspend in water is in particle size
It is similar with the respirable dust particle of respiratory hazard can be brought.Proppant substantially free of dust can be to be rushed to sand
It washes, dry, being sieved and optionally in the proppant of the sand field production of bunker (silo) storage.The turbidity of proppant is desirable
Certainly in rank.For example, the sample of 40/70 and #100 rank can have turbidity more higher than the sample of 20/40 and 16/30 rank,
It is also even such when all samples are substantially free of dust.
In laboratory installation, coating can be applied by the way that coating is added dropwise to bulk material selected by 200g at room temperature.
Hand mix 5 minutes well stainless steel spoon (spatula) can be used in coating and proppant, until coating is well distributed branch
It supports in agent.Alternatively, it can be mixed by other well-known mechanical mix techniques.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the process of an extensive modified proppant in manufacture surface.The process can be in step 210
With precursor material (proppant 110) beginning.Then it can apply first layer chemical coating 120 in a step 220.For industrial
On the way, injection, operated type continuously mechanical blender, operated type interval mechanical blend device, static mixer or their group can be used
It closes, or applies coating using other mixed methods or applying method as needed.After application, chemical coating 120 can be small
The 2wt.% of proppant 100 is modified, less than the 1wt.% of the modified proppant 100 in surface in surface, or most preferably surface changes
The 0.05wt.% to 0.20wt.% of property proppant 100.
When using operated type continuously mechanical blender in a step 220, continuously mechanical blender can have peace to operated type
Paddle, pin, the one or more bands of dress on the rotary shaft, or any combination thereof, and motor, engine or other drivings system can be used
System provides power.Additionally or alternatively, rotary drum or other containers can be used, may include mixing scraper plate, bucket, plate, baffle
Deng.The process of the continuous mechanical blender of operated type can be entered in the upstream of the continuous mechanical blender of operated type, or in proppant
In, or enter operated type in proppant just and coating is continuously applied to proppant after mechanical blender.It can be with certain side
Formula applies point to coating and is configured, and the mode enables proppant to flow in the form of holding court from behind a screen in the place for applying coating,
More effectively to apply distribution coating.Additionally or alternatively, nozzle system can be used more effectively to apply distribution and apply
Material.Rotation oar, pin and/or band can help to mix proppant and coating, and can be by coated proppant transport to operated type
The discharge end of continuous machinery blender.Continuously mechanical blender can have single shaft to operated type, or can have there are two or more
Multiple shafts.This can be obtained continuity method and program be blended, to help for coating products to be uniformly scattered on proppant.Alternatively,
Band, dropping and sand factory or elevating conveyor or from anywhere in convey sand transport can provide it is sufficient (if not most
Good) coating mixing.
Motor, engine or other drive systems can be used to help to mix proppant and painting for operated type interval mechanical blend device
Material.The process of operated type interval mechanical blend device can be entered in the upstream of operated type interval mechanical blend device, or in proppant
In, or coating is applied to proppant after proppant enters operated type interval mechanical blend device just.It can be with certain side
Formula is positioned and is arranged to coating application point, and the mode enables proppant in the place for applying coating in the form of holding court from behind a screen
Flowing, more effectively to apply distribution coating.Additionally or alternatively, nozzle system can be used more effectively to apply distribution
Coating.Rotation oar, pin and/or band can help to mix proppant and coating.Operated type interval mechanical blend device can have single turn
Axis, or can have two or more shafts.After blending, coated proppant can leave operated type interval mechanical blend
Device, and repeat the process.This can be obtained batch process and program be blended, to help coating products being uniformly scattered onto proppant
On.
Non-powered mode can be used to mix proppant and coating for static mixer.Proppant can pass through static mixer
Gravity charging.It can either propped up during proppant enters static mixer or just in the upstream of static mixer
Support agent, which enters after static mixer, is applied to proppant for coating.Point can be applied to coating in some way to be positioned and set
Set, the mode enable proppant static mixer upstream, static mixer feed end or just supporting
Agent enters after static mixer to be flowed in the form of holding court from behind a screen, more effectively to apply distribution coating.Additionally or alternatively,
Usable nozzle system more effectively applies distribution coating.Baffle, current divider, plate, ladder can be installed inside static mixer
Crosspiece etc., to help to mix proppant and coating.This can be obtained continuity method and program be blended, to help coating products uniformly dispersing
Onto proppant.
In step 230, a decision point is reached, wherein additional dope layer can be applied, if necessary.Each painting
Material can be applied sequentially in agglomerate.Each coating in multiple coating can be the coating of same type layer or every layer
It can be different types of coating or their combination.Every coating can be used above step 220 described in any one or
A variety of applying methods apply.
In step 240, a decision point is reached, wherein one or more additionalization can be carried out on modified proppant
It learns and is modified.For the purpose or other purposes for easily identifying, tracking, also chemical markers can be added into proppant compound
(such as colorant, ultra-violet dye and conductibility enhance chemicals) and/or biomarker (such as DNA).In addition or make
For substitution, fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent, such as glycine betaine, gluconate, polyglycols or their combination can be added.These
Chemicals is alternatively arranged as applying with the mixture of improved abrasion resistant coating, and is applied to step 220 and/or 230.
In step 250, can be stored, and be transported later by the modification proppant that above procedure generates, so as to
The place of hydraulic fracturing uses.This process can also be carried out in situ, or this mistake is carried out from anywhere in supply chain
Journey, or even including carrying out this process at hydraulic fracturing scene as needed.But the material system is relative to untreated
Proppant (or even the proppant handled through alternative chemical system) can show significantly improved dust Control and wear-resistant
Performance.
Fig. 5 is in hydraulic fracturing using the schematic diagram of the modified proppant in surface.Hydraulic fracturing is in the gentle production of oil
Commonly used to maximize the output from drilling well 310.The process is related to the fluid 320 that injecting height pressurizes into drilling well 310,
Water, chemicals and proppant are usually contained, this will lead to following rock rupture.Then the proppant in fluid stays in rock
In crack, and crack or crack 340 is kept to open wide.Hydraulic fracturing is often applied in combination with horizontal drilling 330.By generating crack
340 and packing material (including modification proppant of the invention) is thereto to keep crack to open wide, following hydrocarbon
It is dynamic to be entered in drilling well by crack, to be collected to it.Return to the step 220 for manufacturing the process of modified proppant, chemistry
Coating 120 will not interfere the flowing of modified proppant 100 (a part of the fluid 320 as height pressurization).Chemical coating 120
And the modified proppant 100 of gained can also be compatible with the fluid 320 (also referred to fracturing fluid) of height pressurization.
Although the compound is particularly suitable for being used as proppant in hydraulic fracturing, it can also be used in it is expected dust/
The less other application of particulate.For example, this coating can be used to for industrial sand (such as glass, casting, paint, build
Build application), amusement with sand (such as recreation ground, golf course applications) or other mineral or powder generate self raising flour dirt
Wear-resistant composition.
The embodiment of invention as described herein is primarily to illustrate that can be used to prepare the proppant with wearability answers
Close the Basic chemicals of object, so as in transport and processing (especially when pneumatically unloading this support at pressing crack construction scene
When agent compound) and/or obtain when using other powder transfers, storage or processing equipment less proppant dust/particulate
With less inhalable proppant dust/particulate.It is safe and right that chemical substance used in the present invention, which is for the mankind,
In water biological species be safe chemicals.In addition, these Safer chemicals used in the present invention also mainly green and
It is sustainable.
The particular embodiment of the present invention is described for illustrating rather than the following instance limited.
The conventional northern crystobalite fracturing sand (20/40) of example 1. is with the level tall oil pitch of the 0.1wt% of fracturing sand
(tall oil pitch) is handled.The surface temperature of fracturing sand is 70 DEG C, and the temperature of tall oil pitch is 70 DEG C or higher.
Fracturing sand and tall oil pitch coating mechanical mixture well, thus the uniform fold tall oil pitch on fracturing sand particle.So
The fracturing sand compound finished product of tall oil pitch covering fracturing sand particle surface is placed in ball mill afterwards, at ambient temperature
Carry out grinding in 6 hours, the real world conditions during typical transit to simulate sand.Then according to ISO 13503-2:
The turbidity of the 9th part 2006E measurement ground product.A of the turbidity of 2NTU in Fig. 6) in show.Also uncoated fracturing sand is led to
The process of lapping as described in the example is crossed, the turbidity after grinding is surveyed by identical the 9th part ISO 13503-2:2006E
Examination scheme is measured.B of the turbidity of 130NTU in Fig. 6) in show, as control.
Example 2. uses tall oil pitch and yellow grease as described in example 1, with the level of the 0.1wt.% of fracturing sand
Blend (50/50) handle fracturing sand.6 hours grinding after 32NTU turbidity Fig. 6 C) in show.
Example 3. handles fracturing sand as described in example 1 using glycerol with the 0.15wt.% of fracturing sand.Fracturing sand and glycerol
It is in environment temperature.6 hours grinding after 32NTU turbidity Fig. 6 D) in show.
The abrasion research for also having carried out 6 hours, is shown between the sand of uncoated sand and coating in the presence of significant turbid
Spend difference.Other tests have also been carried out, have not been the artefact of testing scheme with the turbidity difference for ensuring to notice.The test purport
Particulate reduction observed by showing is since abrasion is reduced rather than since particulate is embedded in coating.
In this study, the amount of glycerol present in water sample used in turbidity test is measured.Data show,
The glycerol of the 0.15wt.% of coating is removed from the surface of the sand of coating completely.Therefore, haze reduction be due to abrasion reduce without
It is to be captured due to dust/particulate by coating.
Having carried out further test reduces turbidity to show glycerol itself not by (for example) coalescence particulate.
In this study, we have also carried out a test, and wherein we specially add glycerol into water phase with typical coating dosage,
And check the turbidity of uncoated fracturing sand abrasion in 6 hours later whether the existing influence by glycerol.Our research
It has been shown that, adds glycerol into water phase with typical coating dosage and turbidity is not caused to change.Once again, it is at the fact that be directed toward, it is sweet
Oil paint improves the wearability of proppant really.
Example 4. uses glycerin/water blend (67/33) processing pressure as described in example 3, with the 0.15wt.% of fracturing sand
Split sand.6 hours grinding after 32NTU turbidity Fig. 6 E) in show.
Example 5. uses glycerin/water blend (50/50) processing pressure as described in example 3, with the 0.15wt.% of fracturing sand
Split sand.6 hours grinding after 62NTU turbidity Fig. 6 F) in show.
Example 6. uses the other glycerin/water blend of technical grade as described in example 3, with the 0.15wt.% of fracturing sand
(67/33) fracturing sand is handled.6 hours grinding after 28NTU turbidity Fig. 6 G) in show.
Example 7. uses crude glycerine/water blend (67/33) processing as described in example 3, with the 0.15wt.% of fracturing sand
Fracturing sand.6 hours grinding after 32NTU turbidity Fig. 6 H) in show.
Example 8. uses glycerin/water/propylene glycol blend (60/ as described in example 3, with the 0.15wt.% of fracturing sand
30/10) fracturing sand is handled.6 hours grinding after 32NTU turbidity Fig. 6 I) in show.
Example 9. uses glycerin/water/ethylene glycol blend (60/ as described in example 3, with the 0.15wt.% of fracturing sand
30/10) fracturing sand is handled.6 hours grinding after 26NTU turbidity Fig. 6 J) in show.
Example 10. uses glycerin/water/glycine betaine blend (60/ as described in example 3, with the 0.15wt.% of fracturing sand
30/10) fracturing sand is handled.6 hours grinding after 26NTU turbidity Fig. 6 K) in show.
Example 11. uses propylene glycol/water blend (67/ as described in example 3, with the dosage of the 0.15wt.% of fracturing sand
33) fracturing sand is handled.6 hours grinding after 26NTU turbidity Fig. 6 L) in show.
Example 12. uses glycerin/water/propylene glycol/second two as described in example 3, with the dosage of the 0.15wt.% of fracturing sand
Alcohol/glycine betaine blend (60/30/4/3/3) handles fracturing sand.6 hours abrasion after 24NTU turbidity Fig. 6 M) in show
Out.
Example 13. coats the fracturing sand (20/40) of linear phenol-aldehyde resin (novolac resin) with the agent of 0.15wt.%
Amount coating tall oil pitch.Matrix and the temperature of coating are 70 DEG C.After cooling down, the pressure break of coated resin coating
Sand and the fracturing sand of uncoated resin coating carry out 12.5 hours ball millings.The turbidity of the honed proppant of two bulbs is in Fig. 7
In show.The fracturing sand of the resin coating of tall oil pitch coating drops the turbidity for the fracturing sand that resin coats from 480NTU significantly
Down to 76NTU.After identical 12.5 hours ball millings, as shown in Figure 7, it is also noted that the northern white sand of tall oil pitch coating
(20/40；0.15wt.% dosage) turbidity be similarly reduced to 50NTU in high degree from 870NTU (uncoated sand).
In example 14. density ceramic (aluminium oxide) proppant with the dosage of 0.15wt.% using tall oil pitch at
Reason.Matrix and the temperature of coating are 70 DEG C.After cooling down, the ceramic proppant of coating and uncoated ceramic proppant
Carry out 12.5 hours ball millings.The turbidity of proppant after two kinds of ball millings is shown in FIG. 7.Tall oil pitch coating can will make pottery
The turbidity of porcelain proppant is down to about 2NTU from 233NTU.
The fracturing sand of example 15. fracturing sand and coating uncoated as described in example 1 and example 4 is scaled down
For pneumatically unloading in research.With about 12.5lbs/ minutes sand pump transmission rate at 15psi it is closed directly flow case in into
The scaled down research of row.It collects and rises in dust stream on 3 set (3-piece) PVC filter cartridges of the 37mm to weigh in advance
Between sample, and gravimetric analysis and XRD analysis are carried out to it.It may be inhaled the particle of part using cyclone collection.According to
NIOSH 0600/7500 and OSHA the ID-142 method of revision analyze the inhalable quartz particles of the sample of these collections, packet
Include quartz and tridymite and other inhalable particles (not only silica sections).The level of inhalable silica dust
It is shown in FIG. 8.Uncoated fracturing sand produces very high-caliber inhalable silica dust, and the pressure break that the present invention coats
It is horizontal that sand then produces at least 94% inhalable silica dust lower than uncoated fracturing sand.With practice of construction field conditions
(degree that wherein the inhalable silica dust in air is spread before it is mobile to staff is usually much higher) is compared, this
One closed direct stream case test is a very stringent test.
Example 16. is as described in example 1, and conventional north crystobalite fracturing sand (#100 or 70/140) is with fracturing sand
0.15wt.% is handled using tall oil pitch coating.The temperature of fracturing sand and tall oil pitch coating is 100 DEG C.It will
Fracturing sand and tall oil pitch coating mechanical mixture well, thus by tall oil pitch uniform fold to fracturing sand particle.
Then the fracturing sand compound finished product of tall oil pitch covering fracturing sand particle surface is placed in ball mill, and in environment temperature
The lower grinding for carrying out 6 hours of degree.Also uncoated quartz fracturing sand (#100 or 70/140) is placed in ball mill, and grinds 6
Hour.The turbidity of two samples ground is respectively 2NTU and 170NTU, in the N of Fig. 6) and O) in show.
As described in example 1, conventional north crystobalite fracturing sand (20/40) is used example 17. with the 0.10wt.% of fracturing sand
Tall oil pitch coating is handled.The temperature of fracturing sand and tall oil pitch coating is 70 DEG C.By fracturing sand and tall oil
Asphalt paint mechanical mixture well, thus by tall oil pitch uniform fold to fracturing sand particle.Have on fracturing sand particle
Having the fracturing sand compound finished product of tall oil pitch further to use the coating based on glycerol with 0.025wt.%, (67/33 is sweet
Oil/water blend) coating, and the mechanical mixture well at 70 DEG C.Then finished product is placed in ball mill, and in environment temperature
The lower grinding for carrying out 6 hours of degree.P of the turbidity of the sample 42NTU ground in Fig. 6) in show.
As described in example 17, conventional north crystobalite fracturing sand (20/40) is made example 18. with the 0.50wt.% of fracturing sand
It is handled with tall oil pitch coating.The temperature of fracturing sand and tall oil pitch coating is 70 DEG C.By fracturing sand and Carvedilol
Oil asphalt coating mechanical mixture well, thus by tall oil pitch uniform fold to fracturing sand particle.On fracturing sand particle
Fracturing sand compound finished product with tall oil pitch further uses the coating (67/33 based on glycerol with 0.025wt.%
Glycerin/water blend) coating, and the mechanical mixture well at 70 DEG C.Then finished product is placed in ball mill, in environment temperature
The lower grinding for carrying out 6 hours of degree.Q of the turbidity of the sample 68NTU ground in Fig. 6) in show.
The conventional northern white sand (20/40) of example 19. is blended with the 0.50wt.% of fracturing sand using crude soybean oil/soybean oil wax
Object (80/20 blend) is handled.Fracturing sand and crude soybean oil/soya wax blend coating is mechanical well at 70 DEG C
Mixing, thus by crude soybean oil/soybean Wax coatings uniform fold on fracturing sand particle.Then by product further with
0.025wt.% is coated using glycerin/water (67/33 blend) coating, and the mechanical mixture well at 70 DEG C.Then it will apply
The fracturing sand compound finished product of material covering fracturing sand particle surface is placed in ball mill, and is carried out 6 hours at ambient temperature
Grinding.R of the turbidity of the sample 2NTU ground in Fig. 6) in show.
The conventional northern white sand (70/140) of example 20. with the 0.10wt.% of fracturing sand using tall oil pitch coating at
Reason.By fracturing sand and coating at 70 DEG C mechanical mixture well, thus by coating uniform fold on fracturing sand particle.Then
Further product is coated with 0.025wt.% using glycerin/water (67/33 blend) coating, and mechanical well at 70 DEG C
Mixing.Then the fracturing sand compound finished product of coating covering fracturing sand particle surface is placed in ball mill, and in environment temperature
The lower grinding for carrying out 6 hours of degree.S of the turbidity of the sample 2NTU ground in Fig. 6) in show.
The conventional northern white sand (20/40) of example 21. is handled with the 0.10wt.% of fracturing sand using methyl oleate coating.
The mechanical mixture well at ambient temperature by fracturing sand and coating.Then finished product is placed in ball mill, and in environment temperature
The lower grinding for carrying out 6 hours of degree.T of the turbidity of the sample 12NTU ground in Fig. 6) in show.
Then example 22. makes conventional northern white sand (40/70) heating up to 100 DEG C with the 0.125wt.% of fracturing sand
With glycerin/water (67/33；It is pre-mixed) it is handled.Then it by product mechanical mixture, is placed in ball mill, in environment temperature
The lower grinding for carrying out 6 hours.The turbidity of the sample ground is classified as A in Fig. 9.
Example 23. is as described in example 22, and 40/70 hot sand simultaneously using adding, with fracturing sand respectively
The glycerol and handled with the water that the 0.041wt.% of fracturing sand is added that 0.084wt.% is added.After mechanical mixture, connect
Finished product is placed in ball mill, carry out grinding in 6 hours at ambient temperature.The turbidity of the sample 09NTU ground is in Fig. 9
In be classified as B.
As described in example 22,40/70 hot sand is carried out with the 0.084wt.% of fracturing sand using glycerol example 24. first
Processing.After mechanical mixture, then further the system is handled with the 0.041wt.% of fracturing sand using water.In machine
After tool mixing, then finished product is placed in ball mill, carries out grinding in 6 hours at ambient temperature.The sample ground
The turbidity of 66NTU is classified as C in Fig. 9.
As described in example 22,40/70 hot sand is handled with the 0.041wt.% of fracturing sand using water example 25..
After mechanical mixture, then further the system is handled with the 0.084wt.% of fracturing sand using glycerol.In machinery
After mixing, then finished product is placed in ball mill, carries out grinding in 6 hours at ambient temperature.The sample 62NTU ground
Turbidity D is classified as in Fig. 9.
Hot sand without any chemically treated 40/70 is then placed in ball mill as described in example 22 by example 26.
In, and the grinding of progress 6 hours at ambient temperature.The turbidity of the sample 178NTU ground is classified as E in Fig. 9.
Example 27. as described in example 22, heat (100 DEG C) fracturing sand for being blended in advance (the 20/40 of 45wt.%,
The 70/140 of 40/70, the 10wt.% of 45wt.%) it is handled with 0.13wt.% using glycerin/water (67/33) coating.Cold
But it after getting off, is sieved to processed fracturing sand, and records each wt.% for crossing sieve size.To the ruler of two batches
Little progress row research: fracturing sand that the fracturing sand and 10lb that 200g is blended in advance are blended in advance.Also to the fracturing sand being blended in advance
(uncoated) and the fracturing sand for the coating being blended in advance (being coated first before blending) are sieved, with provide about
The background data of particle size distribution.The particle size distribution of this 4 systems is shown in FIG. 10.
The conventional northern white sand (30/50) of example 28. at ambient temperature with the 0.125wt.% of fracturing sand using glycerin/water/
KCl(66.4/32.7/0.9；It is pre-mixed) it is handled.Then it by product mechanical mixture, is placed in ball mill, in environment temperature
The lower grinding for carrying out 6 hours of degree.The turbidity of the sample 68NTU ground is shown as A in Figure 11.KCl conduct is added into coating
Marker increases the conductivity for the liquid that the fracturing sand coated is washed off.Uncoated conventional northern white sand (30/50) is placed in ball
In grinding machine, grinding in 6 hours is carried out at ambient temperature.The turbidity of the sample ground is 167NTU.
As described in example 28,30/50 sand is used at ambient temperature with the 0.125wt.% of fracturing sand sweet example 29.
Oil/water/rhodamine WT (67.00/32.99/0.01；It is pre-mixed) it is handled.Then by product mechanical mixture, it is placed in ball milling
In machine, grinding in 6 hours is carried out at ambient temperature.The turbidity of the sample 57NTU ground is shown as B in Figure 11.To coating
UV marker of the middle addition rhodamine as composite proppant.
As described in example 28,30/50 sand is used at ambient temperature with the 0.125wt.% of fracturing sand sweet example 30.
Oil/water/Ecosphere 300 (Clariant) (66.77/32.32/2.91；It is pre-mixed) it is handled.Then by product machine
Tool mixing, is placed in ball mill, carries out grinding in 6 hours at ambient temperature.The turbidity of the sample 52NTU ground is in Figure 11
It is shown as C.Color mark object of the Ecosphere 300 as composite proppant is added into coating.
Example 31. is steamed with the level of the 1.0wt.% of fracturing sand using laboratory at ambient temperature as described in example 1
Distilled water handles fracturing sand.Turbidity after grinding 12.5 hours at ambient temperature is more than 800NTU, is more than meter full scale.Water is aobvious
It can so help to inhibit dust, but will not help to improve the wearability of fracturing sand.Also by fracturing sand at ambient temperature with
0.10wt.% is handled using 50/50 tall oil pitch/yellow grease blend, the turbidity after grinding 12.5 hours
It is 13NTU.
The business north white sand (20/40) that example 32. is coated through phenolic aldehyde cross-linked polymer carries out grinding in 12.5 hours, grinding
Turbidity later is 480NTU.
The business north white sand that example 33. uses propylene glycol/water (67/33) to coat with the level of the 0.125wt.% of fracturing sand
(40/70) it is unloaded in scaled down research for pneumatic as described in example 15.According to the pressure break of coating prepared by example 1
The fracturing sand of sand [the northern white sand (20/40) of the tall oil pitch coating through 0.10wt.%] and the coating prepared according to example 7
[the northern white sand (20/40) of glycerin/water (67/33) coating through 0.15wt.%] also carries out the pneumatic unloading of this same type
Test.
The conventional northern white sand (70/140) of example 34. is [appropriate using the coating comprising tall oil pitch with 0.125wt.% first
That oil asphalt/soybean oil (80/20)] coating, the glycerinated second coating [glycerin/water of packet is then used with 0.005wt.%
(67/33)] it coats.Then as described in example 33, the fracturing sand of coating is subjected to pneumatic unloading test.
It is about 94% that total respirable dust compared with uncoated fracturing sand (70/140), which reduces percentage,.Coating
The turbidity of fracturing sand is about 2NTU, or about 98% is reduced compared with uncoated fracturing sand.
Total respirable dust (having a size of 10 microns) and uncoated fracturing sand are shown in FIG. 12 for each coating
Compared to the percentage of reduction.It is observed on the fracturing sand of each coating, total respirable dust of generation reduces by more than 90%.
This is a directly measurement, the improvement relative to conventional uncoated fracturing sand that the display present invention provides.Total inhales
The reduction for entering dust can be converted into the health of other personnel near the staff for being responsible for the processing material and scene
Benefit, and the environmental benefit to plant neighbouring on site, wild animal and water system.
Other benefits may be present using the material in underground.According to document (SPE-171604-MS and Proppant
Brief from Fairmount Santrol), it is that oil well brings conduction that underground fracture sand, which fills dust/particulate in (pack),
Property loss.In addition to this, they also found, hydrocarbon speed can be reduced up to 60% by as little as 5% particulate.
Halliburton discloses similar discovery, and conclusion is that it is the most worthy for extending conductibility and maintaining that control particulate, which has confirmed,
Factor.The permeability of filling can be influenced in particulate intrusion proppant filling, it is bad so as to cause performance, and lead to oil well production rate
It reduces in advance.
Figure 13 is a chart, shows that the percent haze that many samples are total described in each example reduces the factor.It is turbid
Degree, which reduces the factor (TRF), to be expressed as follows percentage: the sample of the turbidity of the uncoated sample ground and the coating ground
The difference of turbidity obtain percentage multiplied by 100 divided by the turbidity of the uncoated sample ground, wherein all turbidity measurements
In terms of conventional unit, such as NTU.TRF provides improvement of the modified proppant in surface relative to the uncoated proppant of standard
Index, including material for generating dust/particulate elasticity (resilience).It has been found that be at least 40%, preferably surpassing in TRF
It can inhibit dust/particulate when crossing 60%, most preferably more than 70%, and can get other benefits.
It is that the modified proppant in surface changes relative to the uncoated proppant of standard that respirable dust, which reduces the factor (RDRF),
Into another index.RDRF can be expressed as follows percentage: inhalable uncoated sample dust and inhalable coating
Sample dust between difference divided by inhalable uncoated sample dust obtain percentage multiplied by 100, wherein all can
The measured value of dust is sucked in terms of conventional unit.It has been found that dust/particulate is suppressed, and it can get other benefits, wherein
For the northern white sand of 20/40,30/50 or 40/70 rank, RDRF is greater than about 70%, or for the northern white sand of 70/140 rank,
RDRF is greater than about 35%.
Further test display, the thick-layer of low-molecular weight water-soluble polyethylene glycol oligomer that hygroscopicity reduces, thin layer or
Part of covering layer unexpectedly can also increase wear resistance/crashworthiness of the modified proppant in surface compared with those of glycerol
Hitting property, and respirable dust/particulate water can be substantially reduced when pneumatically unloading this surface and being modified proppant compound
It is flat.Chemical coating 120 can be based on low molecular poly, or may include the group of low molecular poly and glycerol
Conjunction, the combination or low molecular poly of low molecular poly and propylene glycol, the combination of propylene glycol and glycerol.It is special
Not, low molecular poly can have the molecular weight no more than 800, preferably more than 600, most preferably 200 to 300.Change
Learning coating 120 can further include water.All the above other limitations and process still can be applicable in.
The particular embodiment of the present invention is described as illustrative and not limiting following instance.
Conventional northern crystobalite fracturing sand (70/140) is placed in ball mill grinds 6 hours at ambient temperature by example 35.,
The real world conditions during typical transit to simulate sand.Then it is measured and is ground according to the 9th part ISO 13503-2:2006E
The turbidity of broken product.The turbidity of 462NTU is shown in table 1A.It denudes 6 hours for using uncoated fracturing sand as control
The reduction of research is shown in FIG. 14.
The conventional northern crystobalite fracturing sand (70/140) of example 36. uses glycerin/water with the level of the 0.135wt% of fracturing sand
Blend (67/33) is handled.The surface temperature of fracturing sand is 25 DEG C, and the temperature of glycol blends is also 25 DEG C.Then will
Fracturing sand compound finished product through glycerol coating covering fracturing sand particle surface is placed in ball mill, is carried out at ambient temperature
Grinding in 6 hours, the real world conditions during typical transit to simulate sand.Then according to ISO 13503-2:2006E
The turbidity for the product that 9th part measurement is ground.The turbidity of 165NTU is shown in table 1B.Use uncoated fracturing sand as pair
According to 6 hours abrasion research after haze reductions be shown in FIG. 14.
Example 37. uses poly- the two of 400/ glycerin/water of CarbowaxTM PEG (34/33/33) as described in example 36
Alcohol blend handles sand.The turbidity of 123NTU is shown in table 1C.Use uncoated fracturing sand small as 6 compareed
When abrasion research after haze reduction be shown in FIG. 14.
Example 38. uses poly- the two of 300/ glycerin/water of CarbowaxTM PEG (34/33/33) as described in example 36
Alcohol blend handles sand.The turbidity of 180NTU is shown in table 1D.Use uncoated fracturing sand small as 6 compareed
When abrasion research after haze reduction be shown in FIG. 14.
Example 39. uses poly- the two of 200/ glycerin/water of CarbowaxTM PEG (34/33/33) as described in example 36
Alcohol blend handles sand.The turbidity of 168NTU is shown in table 1E.Use uncoated fracturing sand small as 6 compareed
When abrasion research after haze reduction be shown in FIG. 14.
Example 40. uses poly- the two of 600/ glycerin/water of CarbowaxTM PEG (34/33/33) as described in example 36
Alcohol blend handles sand.The turbidity of 169NTU is shown in table 1F.Use uncoated fracturing sand small as 6 compareed
When abrasion research after haze reduction be shown in FIG. 14.
Example 41. uses CarbowaxTM PEG 400/PEG 300/PEG 200/PEG 600/ as described in example 36
The polyglycols blend of glycerin/water (10/10/10/5/32/33) handles sand.The turbidity of 159NTU is shown in table 1G.
Uncoated fracturing sand is used to be shown in FIG. 14 as the haze reduction after abrasion researchs in 6 hours of control.
Turbidity after abrasion research in table 1:6 hours
| 1A | 1B | 1C | 1D | 1E | 1F | 1G | 1H | 1I | |
| Turbidity (NTU) after abrasion in 6 hours | 462 | 165 | 123 | 180 | 168 | 169 | 159 | 215 | 274 |
Example 42. by the way that the 1g coating sample of each of the above example is placed in 90RH/30 DEG C of baking oven 24 hours or more, into
The intake research of row relative moisture.As a result it is shown in Figure 15.
The intake research of the relative moisture as described in example 42 of example 43..Coating used in the research is above example
Used in pure polyglycols.As a result it is shown in Figure 16.
Example 44. uses the poly- of 600/ propylene glycol/water of CarbowaxTM PEG (33/34/33) as described in example 36
Diol blend handles sand.The turbidity of 215NTU is shown in table 1H.Use uncoated fracturing sand as the 6 of control
Haze reduction after hour abrasion research is shown in FIG. 14.The result of relative moisture intake research is shown in FIG. 15.
Example 45. uses 600/ propylene glycol of CarbowaxTM PEG/glycerin/water (33/17/17/ as described in example 36
33) polyglycols blend handles sand.The turbidity of 274NTU is shown in table ii.Use uncoated fracturing sand as
Haze reduction after abrasion researchs in 6 hours of control is shown in FIG. 14.The result of relative moisture intake research is in Figure 15
It shows.
Although device and method are described in conjunction with drawings and claims, it should be appreciated that can be of the invention
Other modifications other than those of those of illustrated herein or proposed are carried out in spirit and scope and are further repaired
Change.
Claims (128)
1. a kind of modified proppant in surface, it includes:
Proppant；And
The chemical coating of the proppant is at least partly covered, wherein the chemical coating is based on low molecular poly, or
Person includes the combination or low molecular weight of the combination of low molecular poly and glycerol, low molecular poly and propylene glycol
The combination of polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol.
2. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the coating increases the wearability of the proppant.
3. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the coating transport, processing, pneumatically unload or it
Combination when reduce dust/particulate generation of the proppant.
4. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the coating is atoxic for the mankind.
5. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the coating is not ionomer.
6. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the coating is less than the modified proppant in the surface
2wt.%.
7. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 6, wherein the coating is less than the modified proppant in the surface
1wt.%.
8. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 7, wherein the coating is the modified proppant in the surface
0.05wt.% to 0.20wt.%.
9. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the proppant is substantially free of dust.
10. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the proppant includes original principle, including sand, pottery
Porcelain or composite material, compound, mineral, the shell ground, the proppant of coated with resins or their combination.
11. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the chemical coating include coating based on glycerol,
Based on vegetable oil/wax coating, the coating based on tall oil pitch, the coating based on Arrcostab or their combination.
12. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the chemical coating passes through injection, mechanical mixture, non-
Mechanical mixture or their combination are applied to the proppant.
13. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein compared with the proppant for not having the coating, institute
State the abrasion that coating reduces the proppant in transport, processing and/or pneumatic unloading.
14. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the coating includes multiple coating, wherein the painting
Material is simultaneously applied on the proppant.
15. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the coating includes multiple coating, wherein the painting
Material is applied successively on the proppant.
16. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 15, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and second
Coating, and wherein first coating has the chemical composition different from second coating.
17. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 15, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and second
Coating, and wherein first coating has a chemical composition, and second coating has a chemical composition, and described the
One chemical composition of paint is identical as second chemical composition of paint.
18. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the coating is applied before using the proppant
To the proppant.
19. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, further includes chemical markers.
20. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 19, wherein the chemical markers are colorant, ultraviolet dye
Material, conductibility enhancing chemicals or their combination.
21. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the coating includes thick coating, shallow layer or part
Coating.
22. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, further includes fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent.
23. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 22, wherein the fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent be glycine betaine,
Gluconate, polyglycols or their combination.
24. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 1, wherein the coating does not need solidification or dry.
25. a kind of modified proppant in surface, it includes:
Proppant；And
The chemical coating of the proppant is at least partly covered,
Wherein the modified proppant in the surface has the greater than about 35% haze reduction factor.
26. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the chemical coating is based on the poly- second two of low molecular weight
Alcohol, the combination or low of combination, low molecular poly and propylene glycol either comprising low molecular poly and glycerol
The combination of molecular weight polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol.
27. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the chemical coating is not thermosetting polymer, no
It is ionomer, is not thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), is not hydrogel.
28. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the coating increases the wearability of the proppant.
29. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the coating transport, processing, pneumatically unload or
Dust/particulate generation of the proppant is reduced when their combination.
30. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the coating is atoxic for the mankind.
31. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the coating is less than the modified proppant in the surface
2wt.%.
32. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 31, wherein the coating is less than the modified proppant in the surface
1wt.%.
33. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 32, wherein the coating is the modified proppant in the surface
0.05wt.% to 0.20wt.%.
34. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the proppant is substantially free of dust.
35. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the proppant includes original principle, including sand,
Ceramics or composite material, compound, mineral, the shell ground, the proppant of coated with resins or their combination.
36. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the chemical coating include coating based on glycerol,
Based on vegetable oil/wax coating, the coating based on tall oil pitch, the coating based on Arrcostab or their combination.
37. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the chemical coating by injection, mechanical mixture,
On-mechanical mixing or their combination are applied to the proppant.
38. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein compared with the proppant for not having the coating, institute
State the abrasion that coating reduces the proppant in transport, processing and/or pneumatic unloading.
39. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the coating includes multiple coating, wherein the painting
Material is simultaneously applied on the proppant.
40. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the coating includes multiple coating, wherein the painting
Material is applied successively on the proppant.
41. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 40, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and second
Coating, and wherein first coating has the chemical composition different from second coating.
42. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 40, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and second
Coating, and wherein first coating has a chemical composition, and second coating has a chemical composition, and described the
One chemical composition of paint is identical as second chemical composition of paint.
43. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the coating is applied before using the proppant
Add to the proppant.
44. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, further includes chemical markers.
45. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 44, wherein the chemical markers are colorant, ultraviolet dye
Material, conductibility enhancing chemicals or their combination.
46. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the coating includes thick coating, shallow layer or portion
Divide coating.
47. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, further includes fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent.
48. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 47, wherein the fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent be glycine betaine,
Gluconate, polyglycols or their combination.
49. the modified proppant in surface according to claim 25, wherein the coating does not need solidification or dry.
50. a kind of material, is used to generate coating on the proppant for hydraulic fracturing, the material is poly- comprising low molecular weight
The ethylene glycol perhaps combination of the combination of low molecular poly and glycerol, low molecular poly and propylene glycol or low
The combination of molecular weight polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol, and it is less than the 2wt.% for receiving the proppant of the material.
51. material according to claim 50, wherein the coating increases the wearability of the proppant.
52. material according to claim 50, wherein the coating is in transport, processing, pneumatic unloading or their combination
When reduce dust/particulate generation of the proppant.
53. material according to claim 50, wherein the material is atoxic to the mankind.
54. material according to claim 50, wherein the material is less than the proppant for receiving the material
1wt.%.
55. material according to claim 50, wherein the material is the proppant for receiving the material
0.05wt.% to 0.20wt.%.
56. material according to claim 50, further includes chemical markers.
57. material according to claim 56, wherein the chemical markers are colorant, ultra-violet dye, conductibility increasing
Extensive chemical product or their combination.
58. material according to claim 50 further includes fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent.
59. material according to claim 58, wherein the fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent be glycine betaine, gluconate,
Polyglycols or their combination.
60. a kind of method for generating the modified proppant in surface, which comprises
Chemical coating is added to proppant, wherein the chemical coating is based on low molecular poly, or includes low molecule
Measure the combination of polyethylene glycol and glycerol, the combination of low molecular poly and propylene glycol or low molecular poly, third
The combination of two pure and mild glycerol；And
It is ejected on the proppant by the coating and the mixed with proppants, or by the coating, generates the surface
Modified proppant.
61. method according to claim 60, wherein the coating is not thermosetting polymer, it is not ionomer,
It is not thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), is not hydrogel.
62. method according to claim 60, wherein the coating is less than the 2wt.% of the modified proppant in the surface.
63. method according to claim 62, wherein the coating is less than the 1wt.% of the modified proppant in the surface.
64. method according to claim 63, wherein the coating is that the surface is modified the 0.05wt.% of proppant extremely
0.20wt.%.
65. method according to claim 60, wherein described be blended in operated type continuously mechanical blender, operated type interval
Occur in mechanical blend device, static mixer or their combination.
66. method according to claim 60, further comprising:
The second chemical coating is added to the modified proppant in the surface；And
By the modified mixed with proppants of second chemical coating and the surface.
67. method according to claim 60, wherein the coating does not need solidification or dry.
68. method according to claim 60, wherein the coating includes multiple coating, and wherein the multiple coating
It is simultaneously or sequentially applied on the proppant.
69. method according to claim 68, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and the second coating, and its
Described in the first coating have the chemical composition different from second coating.
70. method according to claim 68, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and the second coating, described the
One coating have a chemical composition, second coating have a chemical composition, and first chemical composition of paint with
Second chemical composition of paint is identical.
71. a kind of method for Anywhere reducing proppant abrasion in proppant supply chain, the method includes using surface
Modified proppant, wherein the modified proppant in the surface includes:
Proppant；
The chemical coating of the proppant is at least partly covered, wherein the chemical coating is based on low molecular poly, or
Person includes the combination of low molecular poly and glycerol, the combination of low molecular poly and propylene glycol or low molecule
Measure the combination of polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol.
72. method according to claim 71, wherein the proppant includes original principle, including sand, ceramics or compound
Material, compound, mineral, the shell ground, the proppant of coated with resins or their combination.
73. method according to claim 71, wherein the chemical coating is not thermosetting polymer, it is not ionic polymerization
Object is not thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), is not hydrogel.
74. method according to claim 71, wherein the coating is less than the 2wt.% of the modified proppant in the surface.
75. method according to claim 71, wherein the coating is less than the 1wt.% of the modified proppant in the surface.
76. method according to claim 71, wherein the coating is that the surface is modified the 0.05wt.% of proppant extremely
0.20wt.%.
77. method according to claim 71, wherein the chemical coating passes through mechanical mixture, injection, on-mechanical mixing
Or their combination is applied to the proppant.
78. method according to claim 71, wherein the coating includes multiple coating, and wherein the multiple coating
It is simultaneously or sequentially applied on the proppant.
79. the method according to claim 78, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and the second coating, and its
Described in the first coating have the chemical composition different from second coating.
80. the method according to claim 78, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and the second coating, described the
One coating have a chemical composition, second coating have a chemical composition, and first chemical composition of paint with
Second chemical composition of paint is identical.
81. method according to claim 71, wherein the coating is applied to the branch before using the proppant
Support agent.
82. method according to claim 71, wherein the modified proppant in the surface further includes chemical markers.
83. the method according to claim 82, wherein the chemical markers are colorant, ultra-violet dye, conductibility increasing
Extensive chemical product or their combination.
84. method according to claim 71, wherein the modified proppant in the surface further includes fracturing fluid crosslinking
Delayed-action activator.
85. the method according to claim 84, wherein the fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent be glycine betaine, gluconate,
Polyglycols or their combination.
86. method according to claim 71, wherein the coating does not need solidification or dry.
87. a kind of modified proppant in surface, it includes:
Proppant；And
The chemical coating of the proppant is at least partly covered, wherein the chemical coating is substantially by low molecular poly
Composition, or substantially by the combination of the combination of low molecular poly and glycerol, low molecular poly and propylene glycol
Or the group of low molecular poly, propylene glycol and glycerol is combined into.
88. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, wherein the coating increases the wearability of the proppant.
89. the surface according to claim 87 be modified proppant, wherein the coating transport, processing, pneumatically unload or
Dust/particulate generation of the proppant is reduced when their combination.
90. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, wherein the coating is less than the modified proppant in the surface
2wt.%.
91. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, wherein the coating is less than the modified proppant in the surface
1wt.%.
92. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, wherein the coating is the modified proppant in the surface
0.05wt.% to 0.20wt.%.
93. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, wherein the proppant is substantially free of dust.
94. the surface according to claim 87 be modified proppant, wherein the proppant include original principle, including sand,
Ceramics or composite material, compound, mineral, the shell ground, the proppant of coated with resins or their combination.
95. the surface according to claim 87 be modified proppant, wherein the chemical coating by injection, mechanical mixture,
On-mechanical mixing or their combination are applied to the proppant.
96. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, wherein compared with the proppant for not having the coating, institute
State the abrasion that coating reduces the proppant in transport, processing and/or pneumatic unloading.
97. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, wherein the coating includes multiple coating, wherein the painting
Material is simultaneously applied on the proppant.
98. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, wherein the coating includes multiple coating, wherein the painting
Material is applied successively on the proppant.
99. the surface according to claim 98 is modified proppant, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and second
Coating, and wherein first coating has the chemical composition different from second coating.
100. the surface according to claim 98 is modified proppant, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and second
Coating, and wherein first coating has a chemical composition, and second coating has a chemical composition, and described the
One chemical composition of paint is identical as second chemical composition of paint.
101. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, wherein the coating is applied before using the proppant
Add to the proppant.
102. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, chemical markers are further included.
103. the modified proppant in surface described in 02 according to claim 1, wherein the chemical markers are colorant, ultraviolet dye
Material, conductibility enhancing chemicals or their combination.
104. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, wherein the coating includes thick coating, shallow layer or portion
Divide coating.
105. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent is further included.
106. the modified proppant in surface described in 05 according to claim 1, wherein the fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent is beet
Alkali, gluconate, polyglycols or their combination.
107. the surface according to claim 87 is modified proppant, wherein the coating does not need solidification or dry.
108. a kind of modified proppant in surface, it includes:
Proppant；And
The chemical coating of the proppant is at least partly covered, wherein the chemical coating is substantially made up of:
The combination of low molecular poly or low molecular poly and glycerol, low molecular poly and the third two
The combination or low molecular poly of alcohol, the combination of propylene glycol and glycerol；And
Water.
109. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the coating increases the wear-resisting of the proppant
Property.
110. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the coating is in transport, processing, pneumatic unloading
Or dust/particulate generation of the proppant is reduced when their combination.
111. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the coating is less than the modified support in the surface
The 2wt.% of agent.
112. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the coating is less than the modified support in the surface
The 1wt.% of agent.
113. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the coating is the modified proppant in the surface
0.05wt.% to 0.20wt.%.
114. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the proppant is substantially free of dust.
115. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the proppant includes original principle, including
Sand, ceramics or composite material, compound, mineral, the shell ground, the proppant of coated with resins or their combination.
116. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the chemical coating is mixed by injection, machinery
It closes, on-mechanical mixing or their combination are applied to the proppant.
117. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein compared with the proppant for not having the coating,
The coating reduces the abrasion of the proppant in transport, processing and/or pneumatic unloading.
118. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the coating includes multiple coating, wherein described
Coating is simultaneously applied on the proppant.
119. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the coating includes multiple coating, wherein described
Coating is applied successively on the proppant.
120. the modified proppant in surface described in 19 according to claim 1, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and the
Two coating, and wherein first coating has the chemical composition different from second coating.
121. the modified proppant in surface described in 19 according to claim 1, wherein the multiple coating includes the first coating and the
Two coating, and wherein first coating has a chemical composition, and second coating has a chemical composition, and described
First chemical composition of paint is identical as second chemical composition of paint.
122. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the coating is before using the proppant
It is applied to the proppant.
123. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, further includes chemical markers.
124. the modified proppant in surface described in 23 according to claim 1, wherein the chemical markers are colorant, ultraviolet dye
Material, conductibility enhancing chemicals or their combination.
125. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the coating includes thick coating, shallow layer or portion
Divide coating.
126. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, further includes fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent.
127. the modified proppant in surface described in 26 according to claim 1, wherein the fracturing fluid crosslinking delay agent is beet
Alkali, gluconate, polyglycols or their combination.
128. the modified proppant in surface described in 08 according to claim 1, wherein the coating does not need solidification or dry.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/342,826 US10508231B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2016-11-03 | Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters |
| US15/342,826 | 2016-11-03 | ||
| PCT/US2017/058200 WO2018085082A2 (en) | 2016-11-03 | 2017-10-25 | Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110023453A true CN110023453A (en) | 2019-07-16 |
Family
ID=62076252
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201780067836.5A Pending CN110023453A (en) | 2016-11-03 | 2017-10-25 | Wear-resistant propping agent compound and its component |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110023453A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR110027A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112019009080A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3040302A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2571042B (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2019116779A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018085082A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022216914A1 (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-10-13 | Eog Resources, Inc. | Unwashed frac sands for hydraulic fracturing fluids |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080078547A1 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2008-04-03 | Sinclair A Richard | Proppants with soluble composite coatings |
| US20120024526A1 (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2012-02-02 | Feng Liang | Self-Diverting High-Rate Water Packs |
| US20150252252A1 (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2015-09-10 | Self-Suspending Proppant Llc | Humidity-resistant self-suspending proppants |
| US20150275069A1 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | Arr-Maz Products, L.P. | Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130025867A1 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-31 | Mary Michele Stevens | Method of slickwater fracturing |
| CA2845840C (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2020-02-25 | Self-Suspending Proppant Llc | Self-suspending proppants for hydraulic fracturing |
| DE202012005909U1 (en) * | 2012-06-16 | 2013-06-17 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Cover system |
| WO2013192634A2 (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2013-12-27 | Self-Suspending Proppant Llc | Self-suspending proppants for hydraulic fracturing |
| RU2652592C1 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2018-04-27 | Бейджинг Рёчсанд Сайенс Энд Текнолоджи Груп Ко., Лтд | Self-advancing proppant, its preparation and usage |
| MX2017002218A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2017-05-03 | Durez Corp | Low temperature curable proppant. |
-
2017
- 2017-10-25 BR BR112019009080A patent/BR112019009080A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-10-25 CN CN201780067836.5A patent/CN110023453A/en active Pending
- 2017-10-25 WO PCT/US2017/058200 patent/WO2018085082A2/en active Application Filing
- 2017-10-25 RU RU2019116779A patent/RU2019116779A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-10-25 CA CA3040302A patent/CA3040302A1/en active Pending
- 2017-10-25 GB GB1907580.3A patent/GB2571042B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-11-02 AR ARP170103038A patent/AR110027A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080078547A1 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2008-04-03 | Sinclair A Richard | Proppants with soluble composite coatings |
| US20120024526A1 (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2012-02-02 | Feng Liang | Self-Diverting High-Rate Water Packs |
| US20150252252A1 (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2015-09-10 | Self-Suspending Proppant Llc | Humidity-resistant self-suspending proppants |
| US20150275069A1 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | Arr-Maz Products, L.P. | Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018085082A3 (en) | 2018-08-23 |
| WO2018085082A2 (en) | 2018-05-11 |
| CA3040302A1 (en) | 2018-05-11 |
| GB2571042A (en) | 2019-08-14 |
| RU2019116779A3 (en) | 2020-12-24 |
| AR110027A1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
| GB201907580D0 (en) | 2019-07-10 |
| GB2571042B (en) | 2022-07-06 |
| BR112019009080A2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
| RU2019116779A (en) | 2020-12-03 |
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Application publication date: 20190716 |