CN110021676B - Preparation method of fluorescent solar light collector based on lead sulfide quantum dot near-infrared luminescence - Google Patents
Preparation method of fluorescent solar light collector based on lead sulfide quantum dot near-infrared luminescence Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a fluorescent solar light collector based on lead sulfide quantum dot near-infrared luminescence, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) preparing lead sulfide quantum dots with different sizes by a wet chemical method; (2) mixing lead sulfide quantum dots, a polydimethylsiloxane matrix and a curing agent to obtain a mixed solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution, uniformly mixing the mixed solution, placing the mixed solution in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, and pouring the mixed solution into a pretreated glass mold for curing; curing and demolding, and then cutting and polishing to obtain a fluorescent solar concentrator prototype device; (3) the back of the fluorescent solar light collector is deposited with a layer of metal film by adopting the traditional thermal evaporation or electron beam evaporation method to obtain the lead sulfide quantum dot-based fluorescent solar light collector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a fluorescent solar light collector, in particular to a preparation method of a fluorescent solar light collector based on lead sulfide quantum dot near-infrared luminescence.
Background
Because the traditional light concentrator can generate obvious thermal effect under long-time illumination and seriously affect the performance of the light concentrator, a set of cooling system is required for cooling. Meanwhile, one solar tracking system can ensure that the condenser tracks incident sunlight in real time so as to improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy, but the cooling system and the solar tracking system greatly increase the use cost of the traditional condenser, and the equipment is complex and becomes the burden of popularization and application of photovoltaic devices. A fluorescent solar collector (LSC) is a very important photoelectric device in the field of photoelectrons at present, and is widely studied as a method for collecting incident sunlight at low cost to greatly improve the optical performance of a photovoltaic device. Compared with the traditional condenser, the fluorescent solar condenser does not need an expensive and complicated solar tracking system, and does not need to use a reflector and a convex lens to increase the photocurrent and the photovoltage of a photovoltaic device. The fluorescent solar light collector mainly comprises a transparent polymer substrate, a fluorescent light-emitting center and a solar cell, and a fluorescent solar light-collecting prototype device can be formed by doping a high-performance fluorescent light-emitting material into a high-refractive-index (> 1.5) transparent optical waveguide and simultaneously pasting a solar cell panel on the side surface. Incident sunlight irradiates the surface of the fluorescent solar collector, is absorbed by the fluorescent light-emitting center, is converted to emit photon radiation with longer wavelength, is condensed to the edge of the collector after multiple total reflections in the polymer matrix waveguide, and is finally subjected to photoelectric conversion by the solar cell panel arranged on the side face. The fluorescent solar collector can be made into devices with different colors, shapes, transparencies, light weights and flexibility, so the fluorescent solar collector can be used as a photovoltaic building integrated material and becomes a great choice of transparent or non-transparent photovoltaic devices in building structures.
The luminescent center in a high performance fluorescent solar collector determines the collection efficiency of the collector. The high-performance fluorescent luminescence center has the properties of high luminescence quantum yield, wide spectral absorption, large Stokes shift, good photo-chemical stability and the like. Among the many fluorescent luminescent materials suitable for use in fluorescent solar collectors, inorganic quantum dots are the best choice. Inorganic quantum dots have many advantages: including high luminescent quantum yield, size-tunable absorption/emission spectra and better photo-chemical stability compared to organic dyes. Although various quantum dots have been applied to fluorescent solar collectors, there are many challenges to obtain a large-scale fluorescent solar collector with high light collecting efficiency: (1) in incident sunlight, only a part of incident light can be absorbed by quantum dots, and most of the near-infrared part of the incident light directly escapes from the light collector; (2) because the refractive index of the polymer matrix is small, part of emitted photons can be trapped in an escape light cone and then escape from the light collector; (3) some of the emitted photons are lost due to reabsorption; (4) the optimal spectral response matching of the partial emission wavelength to the coupled solar cell is low, resulting in solar cell coupling losses.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a fluorescent solar light collector based on lead sulfide quantum dot near-infrared luminescence, which can realize wide spectrum absorption in the range from visible light to near-infrared spectrum and can reduce the escape probability of photons so as to improve the light collecting efficiency of the fluorescent light collector.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a preparation method of a fluorescent solar collector based on lead sulfide quantum dot near-infrared luminescence comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a lead sulfide quantum dot: preparing lead sulfide quantum dots with different sizes by a wet chemical method;
(2) manufacturing a fluorescent solar collector: mixing lead sulfide quantum dots, a polydimethylsiloxane matrix and a curing agent to obtain a mixed solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution for 3-5min, mixing and oscillating the mixed solution on a vortex mixer for 1-3min, placing the mixed solution in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment for 140min, pouring the mixed solution into a pretreated glass mold, and then curing by adopting a water bath heating method or ultraviolet lamp irradiation; and after curing and demolding, cutting and polishing to obtain the fluorescent solar collector based on the lead sulfide quantum dots.
The wet chemical method in the step (1) comprises the specific processes of dissolving sulfur (S) in Oleylamine (OLA), heating to 100-140 ℃ and keeping for 20-40min to obtain a sulfur-oleylamine (S-OLA) solution; mixing lead chloride (PbCl)2) Mixing with oleylamine, heating to 90-110 deg.C, maintaining for 10-40min to obtain lead chloride-oleylamine solution, mixing sulfur-oleylamine solution with lead chloride-oleylamine solution, and injecting into three-neck ovenAnd (3) in a bottle, when the growth time reaches 100min-180min, adding butanol and methanol solution to quench reaction, and repeatedly centrifuging and cleaning to obtain the lead sulfide quantum dots.
The mixing ratio of sulfur and oleylamine in the sulfur-oleylamine solution is 1 g: 80-100 mL; the mixing ratio of lead chloride to oleylamine in the lead chloride-oleylamine solution is 1 g: 16-20 mL; the volume ratio of the sulfur-oleylamine solution, the lead chloride-oleylamine, the butanol to the methanol is 3: 3: 20: 10.
the preparation process of the lead sulfide quantum dots in the step (1) is N2And (4) performing in the environment.
The mixing proportion of the lead sulfide quantum dots, the polydimethylsiloxane matrix and the curing agent in the mixed solution in the step (2) is 1-5 mg by mass: 100 g: 10 g.
The pretreatment step of the glass mold comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out ultrasonic cleaning, absolute ethyl alcohol treatment and absorbent paper wiping on the mold until the surface of the mold is dried, and then removing residual impurities on the surface of the glass by using oxygen plasma by adopting a dry etching technology.
The temperature of the water bath heating method in the step (2) is controlled to be 80-90 ℃, and the water bath heating time is controlled to be 20-30 min.
The irradiation power of the ultraviolet lamp in the step (2) is 50-200W, the central wavelength is 365nm, and the irradiation time is 8-12 s.
And (3) depositing a metal film with the thickness of 400nm-1 um on the back surface of the fluorescent solar collector based on the lead sulfide quantum dots obtained in the step (2) by adopting a traditional thermal evaporation or electron beam evaporation method, wherein the metal film is an indium film, an aluminum film, a gold film or a silver film.
The metal film is obtained by adopting a thermal evaporation method, and is an aluminum film with the thickness of 400 nm. The cost of aluminum metal material is lower than other metal materials; meanwhile, the aluminum metal film has good visible light emissivity, so that the photon escape rate in the optical incidence process can be greatly improved, and the enhanced light collection efficiency is finally obtained. Experiments prove that an aluminum film with the thickness of 400nm is introduced into the fluorescent solar light collector as a reflecting layer, and the final light collecting efficiency of the fluorescent solar light collector based on the lead sulfide quantum dots is generally improved by about 50%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the preparation method of the fluorescent solar light collector based on the lead sulfide quantum dots, the adopted lead sulfide quantum dots are spectrum-adjustable near-infrared light-emitting quantum dots, the fluorescent quantum yield is high, the size of the quantum dots can be changed by controlling the growth time of the lead sulfide quantum dots, and the absorption and emission in the range from visible light to near-infrared spectrum are realized. Meanwhile, near-infrared photons generated in the spectrum down-conversion process of the lead sulfide quantum dots are highly matched with monocrystalline silicon solar cells commonly used in the market, and solar radiation light can be utilized to the maximum extent (the optimal spectral response of a standard silicon solar cell is perfectly matched with the light-emitting wavelength of the lead sulfide quantum dots in the near-infrared band range). In addition, the introduction of the process of thermally evaporating the 400nm aluminum film can further reduce the escape rate of incident photons of the fluorescent solar light collector, so that the enhanced light collecting efficiency is finally obtained.
In addition, in the fluorescent solar light collector provided by the invention, the substrate material dimethyl siloxane Polymer (PDMS) and the luminescent center material lead sulfide quantum dots have synergistic characteristics. On the one hand, according to the photoluminescence spectrum test, the characteristic luminescence peak wavelength of the lead sulfide quantum dots is in a near infrared band (between 1000nm and 1600 nm), and the defect absorption in the polydimethylsiloxane serving as a matrix material is mainly in the infrared band. Therefore, the polydimethylsiloxane is used as the matrix material, so that the transmission efficiency of photons can be improved, and the probability that photons in near-infrared bands are captured by defects in the processes of conduction and collection is reduced, thereby resulting in higher solar light collection efficiency of the near-infrared bands; on the other hand, the quantum dot material has a large specific surface area and a high surface defect density as compared with a bulk material. In the fluorescent solar light collector, the luminescent center lead sulfide quantum dot material is covered by the substrate material polydimethylsiloxane polymer, so that the dangling bond defect state on the surface of the lead sulfide quantum dot is effectively passivated, the luminescent efficiency of the lead sulfide quantum dot is improved, and the final higher near-infrared solar light collecting efficiency is caused. In addition, compared with other polymer matrix materials, the polydimethylsiloxane has good light transmission performance, is easy to process, and has no toxicity and low price. Another significant advantage of applying polydimethylsiloxane to quantum dot fluorescent concentrators is: the polydimethylsiloxane has good adhesion with thin-film solar cells made of materials such as monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon, and is convenient to be used together with the existing photovoltaic materials and devices in the future.
In summary, according to the preparation method of the fluorescent solar light collector based on the lead sulfide quantum dots, the lead sulfide quantum dots are used as the luminescence center material of the fluorescent solar light collector, and the polydimethylsiloxane is used as the photon transport polymer matrix of the fluorescent solar light collector, so that the large fluorescent solar light collector in the near infrared spectrum range is manufactured, and the preparation method has the advantages of simplicity, low cost, good light stability and light collection efficiency higher than 5.1%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fluorescent solar collector based on lead sulfide quantum dots prepared in example 1 of the present invention, wherein an aluminum film with a thickness of 400nm is deposited on the back surface by thermal evaporation;
fig. 2 is a transmission electron microscope (a), a size distribution statistical chart (b), a particle spacing statistical chart (c) of lead sulfide quantum dots with a growth time of 100min prepared by a wet chemical method in example 1 and example 5 of the invention, and a transmission electron microscope (d), a size distribution statistical chart (e) and a particle spacing statistical chart (f) of lead sulfide quantum dots with a growth time of 180 min;
FIG. 3 is the fluorescence emission spectra of lead sulfide quantum dots with different sizes prepared by wet chemistry method in examples 1-5 of the present invention under the excitation wavelength of 320 nm;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the change of the solar collection efficiency of the fluorescent solar collector based on the lead sulfide quantum dots according to the content of the lead sulfide quantum dots, and the graph compares the solar collection efficiency of the fluorescent solar collector with an aluminum film reflecting layer and a fluorescent solar collector without the aluminum film reflecting layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Example 1
A method for preparing a fluorescent solar collector based on lead sulfide quantum dots comprises the following steps,
(1) preparing lead sulfide quantum dots: 0.64g of sulfur (S) was dissolved in 60mL of Oleylamine (OLA) and heated to 120 ℃ for 30min to give a sulfur-oleylamine (S-OLA) solution, followed by 2.22g of lead chloride (PbCl)2) Mixing the lead chloride-oleylamine with 40mL of oleylamine, adding the mixture into a three-necked flask, heating the mixture to 100 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 30min to obtain a lead chloride-oleylamine solution, mixing 12mL of a sulfur-oleylamine (S-OLA) solution with 12mL of lead chloride-oleylamine, injecting the mixture into the three-necked flask, adding 80mL of butanol and 40mL of methanol solution when the growth time reaches 100min to quench reaction, and repeatedly centrifuging and cleaning to obtain lead sulfide quantum dots;
(2) manufacturing a fluorescent solar collector: carrying out ultrasonic cleaning and absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning on a glass mold, wiping the glass mold with absorbent paper until the surface of the mold is dried, and then removing residual impurities on the surface of the glass by using oxygen plasma by adopting a dry etching technology; dissolving 2mg of lead sulfide quantum dots in 100g of polydimethylsiloxane, adding 10g of curing agent, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution for 5min, mixing the mixed solution on a vortex mixer for 1min, putting the mixed solution into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment for 120min, pouring the mixed solution into a glass mold after bubbles generated in the stirring process completely disappear, curing by adopting a water bath heating method, controlling the temperature of the water bath heating method at 80 ℃ and the water bath heating time at 20min, curing, demolding, and carrying out a polishing process to obtain the fluorescent solar collector;
(3) and depositing an aluminum film with the thickness of 400nm as a reflecting layer on the back surface of the obtained fluorescent solar collector by adopting a thermal evaporation method. The fluorescent solar collector manufactured in the embodiment of the invention is a fluorescent solar collector prototype device, the size of the manufactured fluorescent solar collector is 20cm × 20cm × 0.3cm (length × width × height), and the specific structure is shown in fig. 1.
Example 2
The difference from the above example 1 is that in the step (1), the growth time of the lead sulfide quantum dots reaches 120 min.
Example 3
The difference from the above example 1 is that in the step (1), the growth time of the lead sulfide quantum dots reaches 140 min.
Example 4
The difference from the above example 1 is that in the step (1), the growth time of the lead sulfide quantum dots reaches 160 min.
Example 5
The difference from the above example 1 is that in the step (1), the growth time of the lead sulfide quantum dots reaches 180 min.
In addition to the above examples, in step (1), sulfur was dissolved in oleylamine and heated to 100 ℃ for 40min or 140 ℃ for 20min, and the mixing ratio of sulfur to oleylamine in the sulfur-oleylamine solution was 1 g: any value within 80-100 mL; mixing lead chloride and oleylamine, heating to 90 ℃ and keeping for 40min or 110 ℃ and keeping for 10min, wherein the mixing ratio of the lead chloride to the oleylamine in the lead chloride-oleylamine solution is 1 g: any value within 16-20 mL.
The mixing proportion of the lead sulfide quantum dots, the polydimethylsiloxane matrix and the curing agent in the mixed solution in the step (2) is 1-5 mg by mass: 100 g: any value within 10 g; the temperature of the water bath heating method is controlled to be any value within 80-90 ℃, and the water bath heating time is controlled to be any value within 20-30 min; or when the irradiation power of the ultraviolet lamp is 50W, the irradiation time is 12 s; the irradiation time was 8s at a power of 200W.
The metal film in the step (3) can also be an indium film, a gold film or a silver film, and the deposition thickness is any value within 400nm-1 um.
Second, analysis of experimental results
The invention carries out a series of optical tests and representations on the lead sulfide quantum dots and the fluorescent solar light collector prepared in the embodiment, and the test method and the results are as follows:
the structural characterization of the lead sulfide quantum dots is carried out by adopting a Technai F20 field emission high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) of FEI company in America; dimensional statistics were measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) testing as used on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS. The steady state fluorescence emission (PL) spectrum of the lead sulfide quantum dot adopts a Fluorolo-3 fluorescence test system produced by Jobin Yvon France, and an excitation light source is a He-Cd light collector with the concentration of 30mW (the central wavelength is 325 nm); the visible detector employs a photomultiplier tube (PMT) model R928 from Hamamatsu corporation of Japan; all the fluorescence signals tested in the invention are corrected according to the instrument parameters, and the environmental noise is deducted.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a fluorescent solar collector based on lead sulfide quantum dots prepared in example 1 of the present invention, and an aluminum film with a thickness of 400nm is deposited on the back surface by using a thermal evaporation method. Aluminum metal materials are lower in cost than other metal materials; meanwhile, the aluminum metal film has good visible light emissivity, so that the photon escape rate in the optical incidence process can be greatly improved, and the enhanced light collection efficiency is finally obtained.
Fig. 2 is a transmission electron microscope (a), a size distribution statistical chart (b), a particle spacing statistical chart (c) of lead sulfide quantum dots with a growth time of 100min prepared by a wet chemical method in example 1 of the present invention, and a transmission electron microscope (d), a size distribution statistical chart (e) and a particle spacing statistical chart (f) of lead sulfide quantum dots with a growth time of 180min in example 5. It can be seen from fig. 2 (a) and 2 (d) that the lead sulfide quantum dots are uniformly distributed and have uniform size. As shown in fig. 2 (b), fig. 2 (e), fig. 2 (c) and fig. 2 (f), according to the DLS test results, the average size of the lead sulfide quantum dots with the growth time of 100min is 3.6 ± 0.4nm, and the average size of the lead sulfide quantum dots with the growth time of 180min is 7.9 ± 0.9 nm.
FIG. 3 is the fluorescence emission spectra of lead sulfide quantum dots with different sizes prepared by wet chemistry method in examples 1-5 of the present invention under the excitation wavelength of 320 nm. As seen from FIG. 3, at the excitation wavelength of 320nm, the lead sulfide quantum dots with the growth time of 100min show the strongest fluorescence emission at 1166 nm; the lead sulfide quantum dots with the growth time of 120min show the strongest fluorescence emission at 1246 nm; the lead sulfide quantum dots with the growth time of 140min show the strongest fluorescence emission at 1344 nm; the lead sulfide quantum dots with the growth time of 160min show the strongest fluorescence emission at 1398 nm; lead sulfide quantum dots with growth time of 180min showed the strongest fluorescence emission at 1569 nm.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the change of the solar collection efficiency of the fluorescent solar collector based on the lead sulfide quantum dots according to the change of the quantum dot content, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the collection efficiency of the fluorescent solar collector is 5.1% when the optimum doping amount of the lead sulfide quantum dots in the fluorescent solar collector is 2mg (the fluorescent solar collector prepared in example 1). With the increase of the doping concentration of the quantum dots, the light collecting efficiency of the fluorescent solar light collector shows a curve trend of increasing and then decreasing. This is because as the concentration of quantum dots increases, the fluorescent solar collector absorbs more incident photons, and the corresponding collection efficiency increases. As the concentration of the quantum dots is further increased, the number of photons absorbed by the fluorescent solar light collector reaches a peak value, and the corresponding light collection efficiency also reaches a peak value. Further increasing the doping concentration of the quantum dots, the light collection efficiency gradually decreases slightly, because the light collection efficiency gradually decreases due to the gradual increase of the re-emission loss and the photon escape probability of the quantum dots. Meanwhile, the solar light collection efficiency of the fluorescent solar light collector with the aluminum film reflecting layer and the fluorescent solar light collector without the aluminum film reflecting layer are compared, experiments prove that the aluminum film with the thickness of 400nm is introduced into the fluorescent solar light collector as the reflecting layer, and the final light collection efficiency of the fluorescent solar light collector based on the lead sulfide quantum dots is generally improved by about 50%.
The above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Those skilled in the art should also realize that changes, modifications, additions and substitutions can be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a fluorescent solar collector based on lead sulfide quantum dot near-infrared luminescence is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a lead sulfide quantum dot: preparing lead sulfide quantum dots with different sizes by a wet chemical method;
(2) manufacturing a fluorescent solar collector: mixing lead sulfide quantum dots, a polydimethylsiloxane matrix and a curing agent to obtain a mixed solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution for 3-5min, mixing and oscillating the mixed solution on a vortex mixer for 1-3min, placing the mixed solution in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment for 100-140min, pouring the mixed solution into a pretreated glass mold, and then curing by adopting a water bath heating method or ultraviolet lamp irradiation; and after curing and demolding, obtaining the fluorescent solar collector based on the lead sulfide quantum dots through cutting and polishing processes, wherein the mixed mass ratio of the lead sulfide quantum dots in the mixed solution, the polydimethylsiloxane substrate and the curing agent is 1mg-5 mg: 100 g: 10 g.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wet chemistry process in step (1) comprises dissolving sulfur in oleylamine and heating to 100-140 deg.C for 20-40min to obtain a sulfur-oleylamine solution; mixing lead chloride and oleylamine, heating to 90-110 ℃, keeping for 10-40min to obtain a lead chloride-oleylamine solution, mixing a sulfur-oleylamine solution and a lead chloride-oleylamine solution, injecting into a three-neck flask, adding butanol and methanol solution to quench reaction when the growth time reaches 100-180min, repeatedly centrifuging and cleaning to obtain the lead sulfide quantum dots.
3. The method for preparing the fluorescent solar collector based on the near-infrared luminescence of the lead sulfide quantum dots according to claim 2, characterized in that: the mixing ratio of sulfur and oleylamine in the sulfur-oleylamine solution is 1 g: 80-100 mL; the mixing ratio of lead chloride to oleylamine in the lead chloride-oleylamine solution is 1 g: 16-20 mL; the volume ratio of the sulfur-oleylamine solution, the lead chloride-oleylamine, the butanol to the methanol is 3: 3: 20: 10.
4. the method for preparing the fluorescent solar collector based on the near-infrared luminescence of the lead sulfide quantum dots according to claim 2, characterized in that: the preparation process of the lead sulfide quantum dots in the step (1) is N2And (4) performing in the environment.
5. The method for preparing the fluorescent solar collector based on the near-infrared luminescence of the lead sulfide quantum dots, as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pretreatment step of the glass mold comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out ultrasonic cleaning, absolute ethyl alcohol treatment and absorbent paper wiping on the mold until the surface of the mold is dried, and then removing residual impurities on the surface of the glass by using oxygen plasma by adopting a dry etching technology.
6. The method for preparing the fluorescent solar collector based on the near-infrared luminescence of the lead sulfide quantum dots, as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the water bath heating method in the step (2) is controlled to be 80-90 ℃, the water bath heating time is controlled to be 20-30min or the power of the ultraviolet lamp irradiation is 50-200W, the central wavelength is 365nm, and the irradiation time is 8-12 s.
7. The method for preparing a fluorescent solar collector based on lead sulfide quantum dot near-infrared luminescence according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) depositing a metal film with the thickness of 400nm-1 mu m on the back surface of the fluorescent solar collector based on the lead sulfide quantum dots obtained in the step (2) by adopting a traditional thermal evaporation or electron beam evaporation method, wherein the metal film is an indium film, an aluminum film, a gold film or a silver film.
8. The method for preparing the fluorescent solar collector based on the near-infrared luminescence of the lead sulfide quantum dots, as recited in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the metal film is obtained by adopting a thermal evaporation method, and is an aluminum film with the thickness of 400 nm.
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