CN110021003A - Image processing method, image processing apparatus and magnetic resonance imaging device - Google Patents
Image processing method, image processing apparatus and magnetic resonance imaging device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to medical imaging technology, in particular to a kind of realization anisotropy image, the method for disperse enveloping surface image and Substance P image co-registration.This method includes obtaining corresponding anisotropy image, disperse enveloping surface image and Substance P image according to nuclear magnetic resonance data, completes image co-registration in conjunction with the feature of three kinds of images respectively.The present invention is suitable for analyzing the mechanics of biological tissue for rebuilding big intracerebral complexity, and in brain science, Neuscience, medical imaging etc. has significant application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Neuscience and the crossing domains of Medical Image Processing, specifically, being related to handling nuclear magnetic resonance
Anisotropy image in imaging, disperse enveloping surface image and the method for Substance P image co-registration and corresponding image procossing
Device, and the MR imaging apparatus comprising the image processing apparatus.This method and device are suitable for brain structure and function
Research, the Clinics and Practices of brain diseases, and the preoperative planning etc. of clinical neurosurgery.
Background technique
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to be tied using nuclear magnetic resonance principle according to the energy discharged is different inside substance
Different decaying in structure environment detects launched electromagnetic wave by additional gradient magnetic, it can be learnt that constituting this object
Nuclear position and type can be depicted as the structural images of interior of articles accordingly.Diffusion tensor (DTI) is a kind of
The new method for describing brain structure, is the special shape of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).I.e. according to biological tissues Nei Shui such as brains
The disperse campaign of molecule, judges the distribution of institutional framework and nerve fibre.Diffusion tensor figure can reveal that brain tumor how shadow
Nerve cell connection is rung, guidance healthcare givers carries out operation on brain.It can also disclose same apoplexy, multiple sclerosis, spirit
The related subtle unusual variation of the diseases such as Split disease, Dyslexia.In addition, there are also high angular resolutions to be imaged, enhance disperse
The similar method such as tensor imaging.Wherein, enhancing diffusion tensor is that one kind that we invent is complicated suitable for reconstruct nerve
The medical imaging procedure of distributed areas nerve fibre bundle, this method use a kind of high order tensor mould of free independent variable number
Type describes the disperse campaign in volume elements, and high order tensor resolution theory is combined to solve the direction of fiber count in volume elements.
Disperse (diffusion) refers to the random irregular movement of molecule, is the activity form that hydrone is important in human body,
Also known as Brownian movement.Disperse is a three dimensional process, molecule along space a direction disperse distance by mechanics of biological tissue
It influences, the mode of disperse can be divided into two kinds: a kind of to refer in the medium of substantially uniformity, the movement of molecule is not due to having
Obstacle, the distance moved to all directions be it is equal, such diffusion fashion is known as isotropism (isotropic) disperse, such as
The disperse of hydrone is isotropism disperse in pure water, in human brain tissue, hydrone in cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral gray matter
Disperse near-isotropic disperse.Another disperse has directional dependence, in the tissue arranged in certain direction, molecule
Distance to all directions disperse is unequal, referred to as anisotropy (anisotropic) disperse.In order to describe hydrone disperse
The anisotropic degree of movement, usually using fractional anisotropy (fractional anisotropy, FA), relatively respectively to different
Property (relative anisotropy, RA), the parameter quantitatives such as volume ratio index (volume ratio, VR) analyze anisotropic.
There is important application in the diagnosis of brain diseases according to the image that the anisotropic parameter of big intracerebral everywhere is made.Wherein, FA
The cerebral white matter fiber structure that image viewing arrives is most clear, and cinereum matter is demarcated, and the integrality of FA value and myelin, fiber
Compactness and collimation are positively correlated, therefore FA value is most widely used.In addition, disperse motion envelope face is also description volume elements
The effective means of interior hydrone disperse motion conditions, it may be assumed that by measurement volume elements center release hydrone within the unit time via
The space envelope face that disperse campaign is formed.Compared with anisotropic parameter, the more complete and comprehensive reflection in disperse motion envelope face
The disperse campaign of hydrone is influenced by biological tissue's internal structure, has important physics and clinical meaning.Traditional
In diffusion tensor, disperse motion envelope face is ellipsoid；In the imaging of high angular resolution, disperse campaign is a system
The combination of column ellipsoid；In enhancing diffusion tensor technology, the disperse motion envelope face in volume elements of restoring is to complete nerve
One of the committed step of fibre bundle reconstruct.
(Fiber tractography, abbreviation FT) is imaged in fiber tractography, is developed on the basis of diffusion tensor
The new technology got up can be used for direction and the integrality of the big intracerebral nerve fibre bundle of non-destructive testing.Its basic principle be from
Any measurement volume elements (i.e. seed point) is set out, and reaches along the direction traveling designated length of nerve fibre bundle in the volume elements next
A volume elements continues aforesaid operations.Until reaching the boundary in measurement space；Or the anisotropic parameter in volume elements is lower than threshold value；Or
The threshold value (generally 60 degree) that the angle of nerve fibre bundle is greater than in two volume elements of connection.It will be neural in a series of this volume elements
The direction of fibre bundle connects in space, has just obtained the whole trend of a nerve fibre bundle in space.Fibre bundle
Tracer imaging technique can be realized the three-dimensionalreconstruction of intracerebral nerve fibre distribution, and the research for intracerebral structure and function is faced
The diagnosis of bed brain diseases, surgical navigational are extremely important with preoperative planning.
Anisotropy image can provide the overall distribution of cinereum matter in slice plane；In comparison, disperse enveloping surface figure
Picture is more complete, can comprehensively react the anisotropy of disperse campaign everywhere in slice plane, and then can substantially deduce this
The institutional framework at place；Substance P image can help doctor and researcher intuitively to observe the space of brain neuroblastoma fiber
Distribution and trend, the connection of the careful structure and each functional area for completely featuring intracerebral nerve fiber.Three kinds of images
It is distributed respectively from cinereum matter, local anisotropy is distributed three different aspects from nerve fibre and reflects complexity inside brain
Mechanics of biological tissue.In order to make full use of these three information, need to carry out certain fusion to above-mentioned three kinds of images
Processing.But the dimension of three kinds of images is different: anisotropy image is two dimensional image, and Substance P image is 3-D image, disperse
(volume elements to be measured is distributed on two-dimensional surface enveloping surface image, the disperse envelope in each volume elements between two and three dimensions
Face image is three-dimensional), this causes certain difficulty to image co-registration.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention proposes one kind to efficiently accomplish anisotropy image, disperse enveloping surface image
With the processing method of Substance P image co-registration.Specifically, the invention is realized in this way.
A kind of image processing method, for realizing anisotropy image, disperse enveloping surface image and nerve fibre distribution map
The fusion treatment of picture, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
The nuclear magnetic resonance data of step 1. acquisition object；
Step 2. handles the nuclear magnetic resonance data, obtains the disperse motion envelope in each volume elements of object
Face；
Step 3. calculates the direction of nerve fibre bundle and anisotropic parameters in each volume elements；
Step 4. generates the anisotropy image in the slice plane of selection according to calculated anisotropic parameters；
Step 5. chooses the disperse fortune that anisotropic parameters are greater than in the volume elements of threshold value in the selected slice plane
Dynamic enveloping surface, generates disperse enveloping surface image；
For step 6. in the selected slice plane, choosing anisotropic parameters to be greater than the volume elements of threshold value is seed point,
From seed point, nerve fibre distributed image is reconstructed according to the direction of the nerve fibre bundle；
Step 7. is by anisotropy image, disperse enveloping surface image and the Substance P in the selected slice plane
Image is merged.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of effective image processing apparatus, is used for anisotropy image,
Disperse enveloping surface image is merged with nerve fibre distributed image, it is characterised in that comprising with lower unit:
Sampling unit, for obtaining the nuclear magnetic resonance data of object；
Computing unit, the disperse motion envelope face in each volume elements for obtaining object, and calculate nerve fibre bundle
Direction and anisotropic parameters；
Image generation unit, for generating anisotropy image, disperse enveloping surface image and nerve fibre distribution map respectively
Picture；
Integrated unit, for realizing anisotropy image, the fusion of disperse enveloping surface image and nerve fibre distributed image.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of MR imaging apparatus is provided comprising implementation according to the present invention
The image processing apparatus of example.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of image interfusion method according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the configuration example block diagram of image co-registration processing unit according to the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the configuration example of MR imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of anisotropy image described in the implementation steps of the invention S150；
Fig. 5 is that the part of anisotropy image described in the implementation steps of the invention S180 and disperse enveloping surface image co-registration shows
It is intended to；
Fig. 6 is the partial schematic diagram of three kinds of image co-registrations described in the implementation steps of the invention S180；
Fig. 7 is the anisotropy image that the present invention finally realizes, disperse enveloping surface image and Substance P image co-registration
Schematic diagram；
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, right below in conjunction with drawings and examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is used only for explaining the present invention,
It is not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, being the flow chart of image interfusion method of the invention comprising following steps:
Step S110: the nuclear magnetic resonance data of acquisition target.Limited sample direction is chosen in unit sphere, each
In volume elements, the decay intensity of signal in nuclear magnetic resonance technique measurement sample direction, i.e. nuclear magnetic resonance data are utilized.
Step S120: selecting the processing method of nuclear magnetic resonance data, obtains the disperse sports bag in each volume elements of object
Network face.Such as: (HARDI) is imaged in diffusion tensor (DTI), high angular resolution, enhances diffusion tensor (EDTI)
Deng.Now for enhancing diffusion tensor (EDTI):
(a) the dispersion coefficient D in all directions is calculated according to the signal decay intensity that step S110 is obtained,
B is instrument parameter, S0For raw signal strength, S is measurement intensity.
(b) the disperse displacement x of (1s) in the unit time in all directions is calculated according to dispersion coefficient D,
(c) the disperse motion envelope face in the volume elements is reconstructed by the disperse displacement on direction limited in (b).For one
Three-dimensional enveloping surface, takes and a little establishes coordinate system inside it, then the figure can be expressed as path length r and direction unit vectorIt
Between functional relationThat is assigned directionIt can be byDetermine path length r in this direction.And functionIt can be unfolded
At following form:
Wherein, D1,D2...DrRespectively vector (single order tensor), second-order tensor ... r rank tensor.The form class of above-mentioned decomposition
Being similar to Taylor expansion, (x is replaced withHigher derivative replaces with high order tensor).According to irreducible in high order tensor resolution theory
It decomposing, any high order tensor can be broken into a series of combination of irreducible tensors,It may finally be expressed as a series of
Irreducible tensor and unit vectorThe sum of contract.
If disperse motion envelope face is For spatial parameter, then following decomposition can be done according to above-mentioned theory:
Wherein,For the expansion substrate of one group of Complete Orthogonal in three-dimensional space.amFor expansion coefficient, by enveloping surfaceWith given substrateIntegral can obtain.Specifically, expansion substrate can be taken as three-dimensional spheric harmonic function, mathematic(al) representation
It is as follows:
Wherein
For three-dimensional spheric harmonic function (Pm,rFor Legnedre polynomial), am,r,bm,rFor expansion coefficient.In addition, exhibition
Opening substrate also can be taken as wavelet function, the family of functions of the Complete Orthogonals such as ridge ripple function.
By the disperse displacement reconstruct disperse motion envelope face on limited direction, specific step is as follows:
(c1) grid division in unit sphere, the node of grid are measurement direction.Basis function(with
For the humorous expansion of three-dimensional ball) with the disperse displacement (being obtained in (b)) in node direction it is known that passing through interpolation method and discrete
Integral calculation expansion coefficient am,r,bm,r: in each grid, it is displaced by the disperse in node direction and is obtained by linear interpolation
Disperse displacement at grid element center；With the disperse displacement at grid element center, trigonometric function value and basis function value replace entire net
On latticeSinr θ, cosr θ withGrid area approximate calculation a is multiplied by functional valuem,r,bm,rExpression formula
In value of the integral on the grid；All grids are traversed, integrated value will sum thereon, expansion coefficient a can be obtainedm,r,bm,r。
(c2) by substrateThe a calculated in (c1)m,r,bm,rRestore disperse motion envelope face
For general basis function, above formula is writeable are as follows:
Wherein, n is that order is unfolded, and needs to comprehensively consider basis function, and required precision calculates the factors such as cost and rationally selects
It selects, so far, by calculating dispersion coefficient, disperse displacement and expansion coefficient, completes to restore the disperse motion envelope in each volume elements
Face.
Step S130: according to the processing method of selected nuclear magnetic resonance data, enhance dispersion tensor as mentioned in the text
It is imaged, the direction of nerve fibre bundle in calculated body element.By parameterValue rangeIt is divided into several
Part, obtain a series of equally distributed points in unit sphere.Enveloping surface is traversed, byIt calculates on each point corresponding direction more
Displacement is dissipated, and compares the size that disperse is displaced on consecutive points corresponding direction；If the disperse displacement on certain point corresponding direction is greater than it
All consecutive points (the disperse displacement on corresponding direction), then the direction is the direction that disperse displacement takes maximum on enveloping surface；Also
Can by directly byIt is rightIt differentiates, determines maximum direction.Maximum direction is nerve fibre bundle in volume elements
Direction.
Step S140: according to the processing method of selected nuclear magnetic resonance data, such as the enhancing disperse mentioned in the present embodiment
Tensor imaging calculates anisotropic parameters using the disperse motion envelope face of acquisition.Remember radius vector r on disperse motion envelope face
Maximum value be maxr, minimum value minr, average value meanr, then anisotropic parameters f may be defined as:
F=(maxr-minr)/meanr.Note: anisotropic parameters here can also calculate by other means.
Step S150: selecting the slice of current research, makes anisotropy (parameter) image in the slice plane.Such as figure
4, according to the disperse motion envelope face of recovery calculate anisotropic parameters, anisotropic parameters as defined in S140, by it is each to
(minimum value corresponding 0, maximum value is corresponding 255), exports with anisotropy to 0~255 for the value range Linear Mapping of Anisotropic parameter
Parameter is the image of gray value.
Step S160: in selected slice plane, the volume elements that anisotropic parameters are greater than threshold value A is extracted.In this example, the threshold
Value is taken as 0.2, and to ordinary circumstance, which can be taken as any real number in 0-1.It is drawn in the volume elements of selection in step S120
The disperse enveloping surface image in the plane is made in obtained corresponding disperse motion envelope face.
Step S170: choose slice plane in anisotropic parameters be greater than threshold value A volume elements be seed point, from seed point according to
It is secondary to set out, the reconstruct of nerve fibre is completed using fiber tracer imaging method (note that other reconstructing methods can also be used).
Next volume elements is reached along the direction traveling designated length of nerve fibre bundle in seed point, continues aforesaid operations.Until reaching
Measure the boundary in space；Or the anisotropy coefficient in volume elements is less than threshold value A；Or nerve fibre bundle in two volume elements of connection
Angle be greater than threshold value B.In this example, threshold value B is taken as 60 degree, and for ordinary circumstance, the value range of threshold value B is
45-90 degree.The direction of nerve fibre bundle in a series of this volume elements is connected in space, it is fine just to have obtained a nerve
Tie up the whole trend of beam in space.
Step S180: such as Fig. 5, by disperse motion envelope face image drawn by step S160 be placed in described in step S150 respectively to
In anisotropic image, the fusion of anisotropy image and disperse enveloping surface image is completed；Such as Fig. 5, then will be reconstructed in step S170
The seed point of nerve fibre bundle successively corresponding volume elements in anisotropy image described in alignment procedures S150, completes anisotropy figure
Picture, disperse enveloping surface image are merged with three kinds of Substance P image.
As shown in Fig. 2, being the structural schematic diagram of image processing apparatus of the invention.The image procossing of the embodiment of the present invention fills
Setting 200 includes sampling unit 210, computing unit 220, image-drawing unit 230 and integrated unit 240.Above to image co-registration side
During the description of method, the specific implementation process of some steps has been disclosed, hereinafter, in certain that do not crossed by discussion repeatedly
The general introduction of image co-registration processing unit each unit is provided in the case where a little details.Specific: image co-registration processing unit 200 is wrapped
It includes:
Sampling unit 210: for acquiring nuclear magnetic resonance data.Limited sample direction is chosen in unit sphere, every
In a volume elements, the decay intensity of signal in nuclear magnetic resonance technique measurement sample direction is utilized.
Computing unit 220: for restoring the disperse motion envelope face in volume elements, nerve fibre bundle direction is calculated and respectively to different
Property parameter.Suitable nuclear magnetic resonance data processing method is selected, for enhancing diffusion tensor (EDTI) method:
(1) according to the dispersion coefficient D in each sample direction in the signal decay intensity calculated body element；
(2) the disperse displacement x in the volume elements in each sample direction in the unit time is calculated according to dispersion coefficient D；
(3) basis function is selectedAnd expansion order n, institute is restored in conjunction with the disperse displacement x in each sample direction
State the disperse motion envelope face in volume elementsIf true disperse motion envelope face isDo following decomposition； For basis function, according to the expansion order n of selection, by sample direction when unit
Interior disperse displacement x, by linear interpolation, the methods of quadratic interpolation or polynomial interopolation and discrete integration calculate expansion system
Number am, in conjunction with basis functionRestore the disperse motion envelope face in the volume elements
(4) direction of nerve fibre bundle in volume elements is determined according to the disperse motion envelope face of recovery: searching for the disperse of recovery
Maximum on motion envelope face determines maximum direction；Or it by directly differentiating to the disperse enveloping surface of recovery, determines
Maximum direction.The maximum direction is the direction of nerve fibre bundle in volume elements.
(5) maximum value for remembering radius vector r on enveloping surface is maxr, minimum value minr, average value meanr, then respectively to different
Property parameter f may be defined as: f=(maxr-minr)/meanr.
Image generation unit 230: for drawing anisotropy (parameter) image, disperse enveloping surface image and nerve point respectively
Cloth image:
The slice for selecting current research, makes the image using anisotropic parameters as gray value；
In selected slice plane, the volume elements that anisotropic parameters are greater than threshold value is extracted, draws phase on the position of volume elements
The disperse motion envelope face answered, makes disperse enveloping surface image；
Choosing anisotropic parameters in slice plane to be greater than the volume elements of threshold value is seed point, from seed point successively, benefit
The reconstruct of nerve fibre bundle is completed with fiber tracer imaging method.It advances along the direction of nerve fibre bundle in seed point specified
Length reaches next volume elements, continues aforesaid operations.Until reaching the boundary in measurement space；Or the anisotropy system in volume elements
Number is less than threshold value A；Or the angle of nerve fibre bundle is greater than threshold value B in two volume elements of connection.In this example, threshold value B is taken as
60 degree, for ordinary circumstance, the value range of the threshold value is 45-90 degree.By the side of nerve fibre bundle in a series of this volume elements
To connecting in space, the whole trend of a nerve fibre bundle in space has just been obtained.All seed points are traversed,
Obtain Substance P image.
Integrated unit 240: for realizing the fusion of above-mentioned three kinds of images.Drawn disperse motion envelope face image is placed in
In anisotropy image, then the seed point of the nerve fibre bundle of reconstruct is successively directed at corresponding volume elements in anisotropy image,
Anisotropy image is completed, disperse enveloping surface image is merged with Substance P image three's.
In addition, embodiment of the disclosure further includes MR imaging apparatus.As shown in figure 3, MR imaging apparatus 300 wraps
Include image co-registration processing unit 200.Image co-registration processing unit 200 can be the configuration of the embodiment referring to Fig. 2.
As an example, each step of above-mentioned image interfusion method and above-mentioned image co-registration processing unit is each
Comprising modules and/or unit may be embodied as software, firmware, hardware or combinations thereof.The case where being realized by software or firmware
Under, it can constitute from storage medium or network to the computer installation with specialized hardware structure for implementing the above method
The program of software, the computer are able to carry out various functions etc. when being equipped with various programs.
The present invention also proposes a kind of program product of instruction code for being stored with machine-readable.Described instruction code is by machine
When device reads and executes, above-mentioned Neuroimaging methods according to an embodiment of the present invention can be performed.
Correspondingly, it is also wrapped for carrying the storage medium of the program product of the above-mentioned instruction code for being stored with machine-readable
It includes in disclosure of the invention.The storage medium includes but is not limited to floppy disk, CD, magneto-optic disk, storage card, memory stick etc.
Deng.
In the description above to the specific embodiment of the invention, for the feature a kind of embodiment description and/or shown
It can be used in one or more other embodiments with same or similar mode, with the spy in other embodiment
Sign is combined, or the feature in substitution other embodiment.
It should be emphasized that term "comprises/comprising" refers to the presence of feature, element, step or component when using herein, but simultaneously
It is not excluded for the presence or additional of one or more other features, element, step or component.
In above-described embodiment and example, each step and/or unit are indicated using the appended drawing reference of number composition.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these appended drawing references are only to facilitate describing and drawing, and not indicate that its is suitable
Sequence or any other restriction.Although being draped over one's shoulders above by the description to specific embodiments of the present invention to the present invention
Dew, however, it is to be understood that above-mentioned all embodiments and example are exemplary, and not restrictive.The skill of this field
Art personnel can be designed in the spirit and scope of the appended claims to various modifications of the invention, improvement or equivalent.This
A little modifications, improvement or equivalent should also be as being to be considered as included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of image processing method, for realizing anisotropy image, disperse enveloping surface image and nerve fibre distributed image
Fusion treatment, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
The nuclear magnetic resonance data of step 1. acquisition object；
Step 2. handles the nuclear magnetic resonance data, obtains the disperse motion envelope face in each volume elements of object；
Step 3. calculates the direction of nerve fibre bundle and anisotropic parameters in each volume elements；
Step 4. generates the anisotropy image in the slice plane of selection according to calculated anisotropic parameters；
Step 5. chooses the disperse sports bag that anisotropic parameters are greater than in the volume elements of threshold value in the selected slice plane
Network face generates disperse enveloping surface image；
Step 6. is in the selected slice plane, and choosing anisotropic parameters to be greater than the volume elements of threshold value is seed point, from kind
Son point sets out, and reconstructs nerve fibre distributed image according to the direction of the nerve fibre bundle；
Step 7. is by anisotropy image, disperse enveloping surface image and the Substance P image in the selected slice plane
It is merged.
2. image processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the anisotropic parameters are according to the disperse
Motion envelope face calculates.
3. image processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the threshold value is any real number in 0-1.
4. a kind of image processing apparatus, using the image fusion processing method of any one of claim 1-3 to anisotropy figure
Picture, disperse enveloping surface image are merged with nerve fibre distributed image, it is characterised in that comprising with lower unit:
Sampling unit, for obtaining the nuclear magnetic resonance data of object；
Computing unit, the disperse motion envelope face in each volume elements for obtaining object, and calculate the direction of nerve fibre bundle
And anisotropic parameters；
Image generation unit, for generating anisotropy image, disperse enveloping surface image and nerve fibre distributed image respectively；
Integrated unit, for realizing anisotropy image, the fusion of disperse enveloping surface image and nerve fibre distributed image.
5. image processing apparatus according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in the computing unit, the anisotropy
Parameter is calculated according to disperse motion envelope face.
6. a kind of magnetic resonance imaging device comprising the image procossing as described in any one of claim 4-5.
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