CN110018537A - A kind of super surface device of high efficiency for realizing big view field imaging based on medium continuous structure - Google Patents
A kind of super surface device of high efficiency for realizing big view field imaging based on medium continuous structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110018537A CN110018537A CN201910311316.5A CN201910311316A CN110018537A CN 110018537 A CN110018537 A CN 110018537A CN 201910311316 A CN201910311316 A CN 201910311316A CN 110018537 A CN110018537 A CN 110018537A
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1866—Transmission gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
- G02B5/1871—Transmissive phase gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of super surface devices of high efficiency that big view field imaging is realized based on medium continuous structure, including dielectric grating structure (1), dielectric substrate (2) and medium continuous structure (3), monolithic imaging half field-of-view reaches 88 degree.The continuous structure that the present invention designs, have many advantages, such as it is high-efficient, with roomy, and there is angle insensitivity, still there is high efficiency under large angle incidence.The present invention realizes monolithic, plate, frivolous, integrated big view field imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic wave phase regulation, in particular to a high-efficiency super-surface device for realizing large-field-of-view imaging based on a medium continuous structure.
Background
With the development of the photoelectric imaging technology, in order to obtain target image information with a larger spatial range and more spatial details, an optical system gradually develops towards a direction of large visual field, light weight and even integration. The large-view-field light-weight optical imaging system has wide application prospect in the military fields of space remote sensing, aviation reconnaissance, seeker, space situation perception and the like. The typical large-view-field imaging device is designed by a multi-piece large-view-field fisheye lens, and the lenses are large in number and length and are difficult to develop towards light weight and integration. In order to realize large-field imaging, researchers at home and abroad propose various novel imaging structures and special solutions based on advanced optical, mechanical and electronic technologies. There are currently four main approaches: the first is to use a plurality of small-scale detectors to obtain a large-scale focal plane array of pixels through mechanical splicing, the method is difficult to realize seamless splicing, and faces the problem of peripheral circuit design of the spliced focal plane array, and needs expensive and huge optical systems, and the technology is mainly applied to large-scale astronomical telescopes; secondly, scanning and splicing imaging are carried out through a single high-resolution lens, the method is mature in technology and easy to realize engineering, but time delay among spliced fields caused by field scanning determines that the imaging technology is only suitable for observing static or quasi-static scenes, and the application range of the technology is limited; the third is to shoot and image simultaneously through a plurality of high-resolution lenses, and obtain a full-field high-pixel image through later-stage image splicing, so that the time delay problem of single-lens scanning imaging is solved, a rotating mechanism is not needed, but the whole system consists of a plurality of lenses, and is large in size and high in cost; the fourth type is a multi-scale optical system, which is composed of an objective lens at the front end and a micro-camera array at the rear end, integrates the large-view-field collection capability of the objective lens and the local view-field correction capability of the micro-camera, has a compact structure, and is an effective means for realizing large-view-field high-resolution imaging at present. Based on the above background and the current state of the art, the current large-field imaging still remains in the design paradigm mainly based on the traditional geometric optical system, and has many limitations such as large number of lenses, complex lens, limited real-time performance, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention designs and realizes a planar and single-chip type large-view-field imaging super-surface device based on an all-dielectric continuous structure, gets rid of the dependence on technologies such as a complex fisheye lens and a compound eye lens, greatly compresses the length of the lens, and is easy to integrate with a detector and equipment. The invention designs a super-surface lens based on geometric phase, which has wide working bandwidth because the geometric phase is independent of wavelength. At the same time, based on the secondary phaseThe designed lens can realize the imaging of the target with large-angle incidence.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high-efficiency super-surface device for realizing large-field-of-view imaging based on a medium continuous structure comprises a medium grating structure 1, a medium substrate 2 and a medium continuous structure 3. Wherein the thickness of the medium grating structure 1 is h, and the radial period is PxTangential period of PyWidth of w2(ii) a The thickness of the dielectric substrate 2 is t; the medium continuous structure 3 has a radial span of l and a width of w1The thickness is h.
Wherein the medium isThe thickness of the substrate is t, and the value range is t<λ0The thickness of the equal-width medium grating structure is h, and the value range of the equal-width medium grating structure is h<λ0，λ0The center wavelength.
Wherein the radial period of the equal-width medium grating structure is PxThe value range is not limited, and the tangential period is PyThe value range is Py<λ0/2，λ0The center wavelength.
Wherein the radial span of the medium in the medium continuous structure is l, and the value range is Px/2<l<PxWidth of medium is w1With a range of variation Py/10<w1<Py/2。
Wherein the width of the dielectric grating structure is w2The value range is Py/10<w2<PyThe number of the medium grating structures between two medium continuous structures is m, and the value range is (P)x-l)/Py≤m≤2(Px-l)/Py。
The principle of the invention is as follows: firstly, a medium continuous structure is adopted to realize high-efficiency regulation and control of incident light waves. Secondly, the rotational symmetry of the object space is converted into the translational symmetry of the image space by utilizing the secondary phase, and the large-field imaging is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the device provided by the invention can realize single-chip large-field imaging and solve the problems of more lenses, complex lens, limited real-time performance and the like of the traditional geometric optical system; secondly, the invention utilizes the geometric phase irrelevant to the polarization-related wavelength, has the ultra-wideband characteristic and can realize the polarization detection. Finally, the medium continuous structure provided by the invention has the characteristics of high diffraction and angle insensitivity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-efficiency super-surface device for realizing large-field-of-view imaging according to the present invention, in which fig. 1(a) is a partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the device, fig. 1(b) is a partial schematic diagram of the device, and fig. 1(c) is a top view of the device.
Fig. 2 shows the simulation results of diffraction efficiency of the designed unit structure of the super-surface device under different incident angles, wherein fig. 2(a) shows the absolute efficiency of each diffraction order at normal incidence, fig. 2(b) shows the absolute efficiency of each diffraction order at 30-degree oblique incidence, fig. 2(c) shows the absolute efficiency of each diffraction order at 60-degree oblique incidence, and fig. 2(d) shows the absolute efficiency of each diffraction order at 88-degree oblique incidence.
FIG. 3 shows CST simulation results of focusing lenses with radius R of 90um and focal length of 72um at 0, 30, 60, and 88 incident angles, respectively, wherein FIG. 3(a) shows normalized light intensity distribution at different incident angles in the designed focal plane and light intensity variation curve on the X-axis; FIG. 3(b) is a normalized light intensity distribution at different incident angles on the XZ plane; FIG. 3(c) is a graph showing the variation of light intensity along the Z-axis in the XZ plane. Fig. 3(d) to (f) show theoretical results corresponding to fig. 3(a) to (c).
FIG. 4 is a MATLAB simulation analysis result of focusing lenses with radius R of 600um and focal length of 512um incident at 0 °, 30 °, -60 °, and 88 ° respectively, wherein FIG. 4(a) is a light intensity distribution and a light intensity variation curve on X-axis at different incident angles in a designed focal plane; FIG. 4(b) is a graph showing light intensity distribution at different incident angles on the XZ plane; FIG. 4(c) is a graph showing the variation of light intensity along the Z-axis on the XZ plane.
FIG. 5 shows simulation results of imaging of a focusing lens with a radius R of 600um and a focal length of 512um at different incident angles to a 1.2mm x 1.2mm American air force target; fig. 5(a) to (d) show simulation results of imaging at incident angles of 0 °, 30 °, 60 ° and 88 °, respectively, and fig. 5(e) to (f) show light intensity distribution curves on the horizontal and vertical center lines of the region four of the target five, respectively.
Wherein, the numerical values marked in the figure mean: 1 is a medium grating structure, 2 is a medium substrate, and 3 is a medium continuous structure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the present invention shall include the entire contents of the claims. And those skilled in the art will realize the full scope of the claims from a single embodiment described below.
As shown in FIG. 1, a high-efficiency super-surface device for realizing large-field-of-view imaging based on a medium continuous structure comprises a medium grating structure 1, a medium substrate 2 and a medium continuous structure 3. Wherein the thickness of the medium grating structure 1 is h, and the radial period is PxTangential period of PyWidth of w2(ii) a The thickness of the dielectric substrate 2 is t; the medium continuous structure 3 has a radial span of l and a width of w1The thickness is h.
In conjunction with the above structure, for ease of analysis, analytical modeling was performed from the super-surface lens as follows:
for a secondary phase lens with focal length f, the secondary phase distribution of its exit pupil surface can be expressed as:
φ(x)＝k0x2/2f (1)
wherein k is0And x is the position coordinate on the super-surface lens, wherein the wave number corresponds to the working wavelength. When incident light is obliquely incident at an incident angle theta in a meridian plane XZ, the phase distribution of emergent light is as follows:
wherein k is0xsin θ is the additional phase introduced by oblique incidence,independent of position and thusCan be ignored; as can be seen from equation (2), at oblique incidence, the emission phase introduces a shift fsin θ only in the X direction. Therefore, the super-surface focusing lens with the secondary phase can theoretically realize the condition of oblique incidence at any angle and ensure that the imaging effect is unchanged.
The invention realizes the polarization conversion of circular polarization through a medium continuous structure, namely, the wave front is regulated and controlled through a geometric phase generated by the rotation of the medium continuous structure, the value of the geometric phase is equal to 2 times of the rotation angle β of the medium continuous structure, and because of the rotational symmetry of the lens, the positive direction of x is taken as an example for the convenience of analysis, and phi (x) is equal to k0x2Phase control of/2 f, rotation angle distribution β (x) ═ phi (x)/2 ═ k of medium continuous structure0x2And/4 f, obtaining the slope distribution of the central profile curve of the medium continuous structure as follows:
k(x)＝tan(β(x)) (3)
then, carrying out numerical integration operation on the formula (3) to obtain a central profile curve of the medium continuous structure, wherein the central profile curve is as follows:
y＝∫tan(k0x2/4f)dx (4)
in order to avoid infinite values in the formula (4), the numerical value needs to be intercepted, and the interception range is as follows:m is an integer, the cut curve is shown by a curved dotted line in fig. 1(b), and the cut portion is replaced by a vertical line. Then, taking the equal width w1/2 along the normal direction at the two sides of the curve to form an equal width medium continuous structure, and simultaneously, extending w2/2 along the positive and negative directions of X to the vertical line to form an equal width medium grating structure; then, translating the single medium continuous structure to the Y direction by n-py (n is an integer); the dielectric grating structure and the dielectric continuous structure have a thickness h and are disposed on a dielectric substrate having a thickness t, and the specific structure is shown in fig. 1(a) and 1 (b).
Assuming that the initial phase of the center is zero, in order to obtain a two-dimensional large field of viewThe imaging lens needs to superpose a helical phase on the initial phase to offset the additional geometric phase introduced by the rotating medium continuous structure. Azimuth angleThe central profile curve of the medium continuous structure is as follows:
wherein,in a two-dimensional superlens, the truncated portion is replaced with a dielectric grating structure. In numerical integration, y'mFor uncertain values, the profile curve of the center of the continuous structure of the medium is determined by the following formula:
then the obtained medium continuous structure rotates along the center of the two-dimensional superlensAnd the rotation angle interval isAnd (6) determining. The local period of the dielectric grating structure is:whereinThe two-dimensional superlens finally consists of a series of dielectric grating structures and dielectric continuous structures, as shown in particular in fig. 1 (c).
For a better understanding of the present invention, it is further explained below with reference to examples.
Without loss of generality, the embodiment designs the high-efficiency super-surface device aiming at the intermediate infrared band, and the invention is also suitable for the optical band, the terahertz band and the microwave band. As shown in fig. 1, the unit structure includes: a dielectric grating structure 1, a dielectric continuous structure 3 and a dielectric substrate 2. Wherein, the materials of the medium grating structure 1 and the medium continuous structure 3 are selected from silicon; the material of the dielectric substrate 2 is magnesium fluoride. The thickness h of the dielectric grating structure 1 is 4.9 μm and its tangential period Py5 μm, radial span l 0.75PxWidth w2Is 1 μm. In this embodiment, CST electromagnetic simulation software is used to perform simulation test on the device performance, and during the simulation process, the dielectric constant of silicon is 11.36, and the dielectric constant of magnesium fluoride is 1.33.
Fig. 2(a) -2(d) are simulation results of diffraction efficiency of a one-dimensional diffraction grating designed by the method at different incident angles, which are 0 °, 30 °, 60 ° and 88 °, respectively. In the simulation, left-handed circularly polarized light was used for incidence from the substrate. The period of the one-dimensional grating is 15 μm, i.e. Px15 μm. It can be seen that the energy is almost in the-1 order. The-1 order diffraction efficiencies at the operating wavelength of 10.6 μm are 82.67%, 87.34%, 79.01% and 69.14%, respectively, at the lower incident angles of 0 °, 30 °, 60 ° and 88 °, respectively. The diffraction efficiency is defined as the ratio of the energy of each diffraction order to the incident energy, and it can be seen that the diffraction efficiency of the structure is still high at large incident angles. In addition, we also calculated the average efficiencies in the 9-13 μm band, 71.66%, 73.23%, 67.78% and 65.29%, respectively.
FIG. 3 shows CST simulation results of focusing lenses with radius R of 90um and focal length of 72um at 0, 30, 60, and 88 incident angles, respectively, wherein FIG. 3(a) shows normalized light intensity distribution at different incident angles in the designed focal plane and light intensity variation curve on the X-axis; FIG. 3(b) is a normalized light intensity distribution at different incident angles on the XZ plane; FIG. 3(c) is a graph showing the variation of light intensity along the Z-axis in the XZ plane. Fig. 3(d) to 3(f) show theoretical results corresponding to fig. 3(a) to 3(c), and comparison results show that the simulation result of CST is not much different from the theoretical result. The small deviation is mainly caused by the fact that the lens structure is too small and the occupation ratio of the middle blank area is relatively large in simulation. In practical applications, the central clear area fraction is very small and hardly affects the lens performance.
Because CST software is difficult to simulate the large-caliber super surface, MATLAB numerical simulation is carried out on the super surface with the radius R of 600um and the focal length of 512um by utilizing the vector angle spectrum theory. FIG. 4 is a MATLAB simulation analysis result of the lens at 0, 30, 60 and 88 incident angles, respectively, wherein FIG. 4(a) is a light intensity distribution and a light intensity variation curve on the X-axis at different incident angles in the design focal plane; FIG. 4(b) is a graph showing light intensity distribution at different incident angles on the XZ plane; FIG. 4(c) is a graph showing the variation of light intensity along the Z-axis on the XZ plane. Comparing the results in fig. 3, it can be seen that the focusing effect of the lens is significantly improved when the lens size is enlarged.
FIG. 5 shows simulation results of imaging of a focusing lens with a radius R of 600um and a focal length of 512um at different incident angles to a 1.2mm x 1.2mm American air force target; fig. 5(a) to 5(d) show simulation results of imaging at incident angles of 0 °, 30 °, 60 °, and 88 °, respectively. Fig. 5(e) to 5(f) are light intensity distribution curves on the transverse and longitudinal center lines of the region four of the target five, respectively. It is clear that at different angles of incidence the lens resolution is almost equivalent, reaching 50lp/mm.
Accordingly, while the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims that follow. The invention has not been described in detail and is part of the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A high efficiency super surface device based on medium continuous structure realizes big visual field formation of image which characterized in that: comprises a medium grating structure (1), a medium substrate (2) and a medium continuous structure (3), wherein the thickness of the medium grating structure (1) is h, and the radial period is PxTangential period of PyWidth of w2(ii) a The thickness of the dielectric substrate (2) is t; the medium continuous structure (3) has a radial span of l and a width of w1The thickness is h.
2. According to claim 1The high-efficiency super-surface device for realizing large-field-of-view imaging based on the medium continuous structure is characterized in that: the thickness of the dielectric substrate is t, and the value range of the thickness is t<λ0(ii) a The thickness of the medium grating structure is h, and the value range is h<λ0，λ0The center wavelength.
3. The high-efficiency super-surface device for realizing large-field-of-view imaging based on the medium continuous structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the radial period of the medium grating structure is PxThe value range is not limited, and the tangential period is PyThe value range is Py<λ0/2，λ0The center wavelength.
4. The high-efficiency super-surface device for realizing large-field-of-view imaging based on the medium continuous structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the radial span of the medium continuous structure is l, and the value range is Px/2<l<Px(ii) a Width of medium is w1With a range of variation Py/10<w1<Py/2。
5. The high-efficiency super-surface device for realizing large-field-of-view imaging based on the medium continuous structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width of the medium grating structure is w2The value range is Py/10<w2<PyThe number of the medium gratings between two medium continuous structures is m, and the value range is (P)x-l)/Py≦m≦2(Px-l)/Py。
6. The high-efficiency super-surface device for realizing large-field-of-view imaging based on the medium continuous structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the designed structure is simple, and the single plane lens can realize large-field imaging.
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| CN111307286A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-06-19 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Large-angle polarization detection super surface based on medium column structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107966749A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-27 | 武汉邮电科学研究院 | Optical comb filter based on super surfacing |
| CN108897147A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | High-efficiency super-surface device based on catenary structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107966749A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-27 | 武汉邮电科学研究院 | Optical comb filter based on super surfacing |
| CN108897147A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | High-efficiency super-surface device based on catenary structure |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111307286A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-06-19 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Large-angle polarization detection super surface based on medium column structure |
| CN111307286B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2023-03-31 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Large-angle polarization detection super surface based on medium column structure |
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