CN110014973A - 载重车辆、装卸装置和充电方法 - Google Patents

载重车辆、装卸装置和充电方法 Download PDF

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CN110014973A
CN110014973A CN201811180732.8A CN201811180732A CN110014973A CN 110014973 A CN110014973 A CN 110014973A CN 201811180732 A CN201811180732 A CN 201811180732A CN 110014973 A CN110014973 A CN 110014973A
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load
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R.施鲁思
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Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Steyr Daimler Puch Fahrzeugtechnik AG and Co KG
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

一种载重车辆(1)，包括可通过电动机驱动的且具有驾驶舱的机动车、沿行驶方向在所述机动车(2)后方与所述机动车(2)连接的用于运货的车厢或者挂车(3)，其中，在所述机动车(2)上布置有用于驱动电动机的电能蓄能器(4)，其中，在所述车厢或者挂车(3)上布置至少一个用于为蓄能器(4)充电的充电接触件(5)，以及一种包括这种载重车辆和用于装货和/或卸货的装卸台的装卸装置，以及一种为这种载重车辆充电的方法。

Description

载重车辆、装卸装置和充电方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种载重车辆，包括具有驾驶舱的、被驱动的、具备电气的蓄能器的机动车和与该机动车连接的用于运货的车厢或者挂车。本发明还涉及一种装卸装置，包括这种载重车辆和用于装载和/或卸下载重车辆的货物的装卸台，本发明还涉及一种为所述载重车辆充电的方法。
背景技术
用于运输货物的载重车辆是充分已知的，并且尤其可以具有直接与载重车辆的被驱动的部分、在此称为“机动车”固定连接的车厢作为用于运货的货厢和/或具有可取下的挂车作为用于运货的货厢。例如，这种车厢被构造为平台式车厢或者厢式结构。挂车例如可以是套装的并且与作为机动车的牵引机一同构成作为载重车辆的鞍式牵引车。
对于这种载重车辆或者说对于载重车辆的机动车而言现在还已知，可以使用至少一个电动机作为驱动装置，即载重车辆尤其设计为电动车辆或者混合动力车辆。
用于电动机的蓄能器在此布置在机动车中、大多在驾驶舱下方。用于蓄能器充电的接触件、例如插座也通常布置在机动车中，在蓄能器附近或者在驾驶舱附近。
充电通常通过充电线实现，充电线与在机动车上的充电接触件相连。例如通过感应充电的备选方案需要耗费的设施，并且通常不太高效、易出故障或者昂贵。
具有为了驱动而需要的蓄能器的载重车辆尤其具有的缺点是，其由于必要的充电过程而具有不期望的长停机时间，这影响了这种载重车辆的经济性。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，在这方面改进这种载重车辆和尤其提供一种具有电气的蓄能器的载重车辆，其为了充电只需要更短的停机时间。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还在于，提供一种装卸装置，其包括这种载重车辆和用于装载和/或卸下载重车辆的货物的装卸台，所述装卸装置实现载重车辆的蓄能器的高效的充能。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还在于，提供一种高效的为载重车辆充电的方法。
上述技术问题通过一种载重车辆解决，所述载重车辆包括具有驾驶舱的、被驱动的机动车和沿行驶方向在机动车后方的、与所述机动车相连的、用于运货的车厢或者挂车，其中，在所述机动车上布置有电气的蓄能器，其中，在所述车厢或者挂车上布置至少一个用于为蓄能器充电的充电接触件。
按照本发明，用于机动车的蓄能器的接触件不构造在机动车中或者机动车上，而是布置在载重车辆的部件上，所述部件实际上仅用于运货，即布置在车厢上或者特别优选在载重车辆的挂车上。
术语“充电接触件”在此可以包括多个电接触件，通常一个充电接触件包括两个电极。
通过电接触件的这种位置明显更方便地当载重车辆在装卸站、装卸台等处装卸时进行充电，因为通常载重车辆的确定用于运货的部分靠着装卸站、装卸台等比被驱动的机动车和机动车的蓄能器更近。
通过在后部的、在车厢或者挂车上的电气的充电接触件可以简化并且尤其也可以自动化在装卸货物期间的充电过程，以此实现一种没有停机时间的充电，不会由于装货和卸货而需要停机时间。对于按照本发明的优点要接受的是，为此通常需要用于蓄能器的长得多的电连接线。
蓄能器优选用于机动车的驱动。蓄能器因此通常是高压蓄电池或者驱动蓄电池或者牵引蓄电池。
机动车因此优选具有电动机，电动机由蓄能器供电。电动机用于机动车的驱动。所述机动车因此可以是电动车或者混合动力车。
所述充电接触件优选布置在车厢的或者挂车的沿行驶方向的后端部上。车厢的或者挂车的所述后端部最靠近装货站并且因此能以最简单的方式与在装货站处的充电装置电连接。在接触件的这种位置中尤其也可以最简单地在载重车辆倒车时实现在充电装置上的自动对接。
所述充电接触件优选布置在处于车厢的或者挂车的装载面下方的高度位置。以此实现简单的连接并且已连接的充电线也不太妨碍载重车辆的装货和卸货。
在车厢或者挂车上的充电接触件的电气线路优选被导引至机动车中的蓄能器。
所述电气线路优选包括位于车厢或挂车与机动车之间的插塞连接部。以此可以将车厢或者挂车与机动车电气分离。
所述电气线路优选从所述充电接触件开始在车厢或者挂车的整个长度上导引直至车厢或者挂车的前端部。
相对于电气线路附加地，通信线路可以从所述充电接触件导引至所述机动车，其中，所述通信线路优选包括位于车厢或挂车与机动车之间的插塞连接部。这种通信连接例如可以将在充电接触件上的电源的连接状态/未连接状态或者关于电源的其他信息传送到机动车的控制设备中和/或传送到驾驶舱中的显示器中。
按照本发明的装卸装置包括前述类型的载重车辆和在所述载重车辆的车厢或者挂车的后端部处用于装货和/或卸货的装卸台，其中，在所述装卸台上构造有充电对应接触件，所述充电对应接触件设计用于与载重车辆的充电接触件相接触、尤其在车厢或者挂车向装卸台倒车靠近时自动地相接触。
术语“装卸台”在此不仅狭义地理解为装卸台本身，而且广义地理解为用于装货或者卸货的包括装卸台的装卸区域。充电对应接触件不必为此直接布置在装卸台的装卸台平面上，而是可以任意布置在装卸台的区域中，然而优选布置在装卸台的朝向待对接的载重车辆的端部上。通过装卸台的充电对应接触件和与充电对应接触件相连的电源，使得主要设计用于装货和卸货的“装卸台”也成为了“充电”站。
充电对应接触件和/或充电接触件可以柔性地、尤其弹性地设计，以使充电接触件和充电对应接触件之间的自动连接更容易。
按照本发明的为这种载重车辆充电的方法，所述方法包括的步骤有，所述载重车辆为了装货或者卸货向后驶向装卸台、尤其前述类型的装卸台，其中，通过向后行驶到装卸台，使车厢或者挂车的充电接触件与装卸台上的对应接触件形成接触，其中，在装货或者卸货期间所述机动车的蓄能器从车厢或者挂车通过充电接触件和装卸台的充电对应接触件被充电。
附图说明
下面示例性参照附图说明本发明。
图1示出按照本发明的载重车辆的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出按照本发明的载重车辆1，载重车辆1具有作为牵引机的机动车2，机动车2通过电动机驱动载重车辆并且具有驾驶舱。在机动车2上布置有用于驱动电动机的蓄能器4。
沿通常的行驶方向，即在向前行驶时，在机动车2的后部设有与机动车2相连的、用于运货的挂车3。
在挂车3的后端部上、在挂车3的装载面6的下方构造有用于为蓄能器4充电的充电接触件5。
电气线路7从充电接触件5处导引至机动车2中的蓄能器4，也即将充电接触件5与蓄能器4连接，使得蓄能器能被充电。
电气线路7被设计为多段式，并且在挂车3和机动车2之间借助插塞连接部8断开或者导电连接。
电气线路7从充电接触件5在挂车3的整个长度上延伸直至挂车3的前端部。通过车厢或者挂车3实现对机动车2或者说载重车辆、尤其电动载重车辆的蓄能器4供电的继续导引。
相对于电气线路7附加地，未示出的通信线路从充电接触件5导引至机动车2，通信线路也借助插塞连接部、尤其在实施充电的插塞连接部7的范围内将挂车3和机动车2连接。
这种载重车辆1可以通过用于装货和/或卸货的装卸台充电，所述装卸台具有用于与载重车辆1的充电接触件5连接的充电对应接触件。
当载重车辆向后行驶靠近装卸台并且因而靠近充电接触件时，可以自动地建立充电对应接触件与充电接触件5之间的连接。
尤其地，在载重车辆本来就对接在装卸台上时，自动化的充电过程可以减少载重车辆的空闲时间。
因此利用按照本发明的载重车辆优选也可以实现机动车2的三班作业或者持续运行。
当载重车辆向后向着装卸台或者停靠坞调整时，车厢或者挂车3对齐地驶向装卸台以便装载货物。在此过程中，安装在机动车底侧上的接触件5与装卸台的接触件连接。例如这通过各个接触件实现，各个接触件可以在各条滑轨中导引。
通过所述过程，整个载重车辆在该连接期间成为了一种充电桩。在插塞连接部锁定和所有线路和通信通道正确连接之后才接通用于蓄能器4充电的功率。
驾驶员无须为此下车或者手动将电缆插到载重车辆上，便可实现对电动载重车辆的或者电动载重牵引车的驱动蓄电池的充电。
按照本发明在挂车3上、尤其在挂车3的尾部或者鞍式牵引拖挂车的、拖车或者车厢的尾部上实现接触，以便为蓄能器4充电。
为此，载重车驾驶员像通常那样通过倒车驶入货物装/卸坞、即装卸台，充电站或者货物装/卸坞的充电接触件、即对应充电接触件处于货物装/卸坞上，其中，通过载重车辆包括其挂车3或者鞍式拖挂车的向后运动，使得在载重车辆的端部区域中处于装载面的后侧并且在装载面的下方、优选在后车轴和尾灯之间的电接触件在向停靠坞中的电气对应件靠近时自动地或者自主地进行电连接。
在此即通过挂车3或者鞍式拖挂车向通常的终端站上齐平的驶入(在停靠坞中齐平)同时电气地使接触件接通。
电接触件、即充电接触件5在此在载重车辆上例如长形地设计，例如设计为闸刀式接触件，所述闸刀式接触件的长侧指向行驶方向，以便通过线性地向后行驶实现所述接触件(充电接触件5)与静态的对应件(对应充电接触件)的滑动式相互紧靠。
静态装置的充电对应接触件和/或在载重车辆上的充电接触件5优选具有柔性，以便在行驶机动有误时不使电接触件受损。静态装置的充电对应接触件以及在车厢或者挂车3上的充电接触件5基本上是固定地安装的。
优选地，总共存在两个接触位置、尤其插塞连接，其中电气线路7从电源直至蓄能器4，一方面是在机动车2、尤其牵引车与挂车3或者说鞍式牵引拖车之间的接触位置8，另一方面是在挂车3或者说鞍式牵引拖车和静态的充电装置之间。
在该解决方案中，通向蓄电池、蓄能器4的充电电流通过挂车3或者说鞍式拖挂车、车厢导引。在所有插塞连接部锁定和所有线路和通信通道正确连接之后才接通用于蓄电池充电的功率。
载重车辆可以是手动转向的。备选地，机动车2和因此载重车辆可以自动或者无人驾驶。载重车辆的机动车因此可以是无人控制的机动车。
附图标记列表
1 载重车辆
2 机动车
3 挂车
4 蓄能器
5 充电接触件
6 装卸面
7 电气线路
8 插塞连接部

Claims (9)

1.一种载重车辆(1)，包括具有驾驶舱的、被驱动的机动车(2)和沿行驶方向在机动车(2)后方的、与所述机动车(2)相连的、用于运货的车厢或者挂车(3)，其中，在所述机动车(2)上布置有电气的蓄能器(4)，其特征在于，在所述车厢或者挂车(3)上布置至少一个用于为蓄能器(4)充电的充电接触件(5)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的载重车辆，其特征在于，所述充电接触件(5)布置在车厢的或者挂车(3)的沿行驶方向的后端部上。
3.按照权利要求1所述的载重车辆，其特征在于，所述充电接触件(5)布置在处于车厢的或者挂车(3)的装载面(6)下方的高度位置。
4.按照权利要求1所述的载重车辆，其特征在于，在车厢或者挂车(3)上的充电接触件(5)的电气线路(7)被导引至机动车中的蓄能器(4)。
5.按照权利要求4所述的载重车辆，其特征在于，所述电气线路(7)包括位于车厢或挂车(3)与机动车(2)之间的插塞连接部。
6.按照权利要求4所述的载重车辆，其特征在于，所述电气线路(7)从所述充电接触件(5)开始在车厢或者挂车(3)的整个长度上导引直至车厢或者挂车(3)的前端部。
7.按照权利要求1所述的载重车辆，其特征在于，通信线路从所述充电接触件(5)导引至所述机动车(2)，其中，所述通信线路优选包括位于车厢或挂车(3)与机动车(2)之间的插塞连接部。
8.一种装卸装置，包括按照权利要求1所述的载重车辆(1)和在所述载重车辆(1)的车厢或者挂车(3)的后端部处用于装货和/或卸货的装卸台，其特征在于，在所述装卸台上构造有充电对应接触件，所述充电对应接触件设计用于与载重车辆(1)的充电接触件(5)相接触、尤其在车厢或者挂车(3)向装卸台倒车靠近时自动地相接触。
9.一种为按照权利要求1所述的载重车辆(1)充电的方法，其特征在于，所述载重车辆(1)为了装货或者卸货向后驶向装卸台，其中，通过向后行驶到装卸台，使车厢或者挂车(3)的充电接触件(5)与装卸台上的对应接触件形成导电接触，其中，在装货或者卸货期间所述机动车(2)的蓄能器(4)从车厢或者挂车(3)通过充电接触件(5)和装卸台的充电对应接触件被充电。
CN201811180732.8A 2017-10-12 2018-10-09 载重车辆、装卸装置和充电方法 Pending CN110014973A (zh)

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