CN110013225B - Device and method for distinguishing ureter and blood vessel - Google Patents

Device and method for distinguishing ureter and blood vessel Download PDF

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CN110013225B
CN110013225B CN201910352053.2A CN201910352053A CN110013225B CN 110013225 B CN110013225 B CN 110013225B CN 201910352053 A CN201910352053 A CN 201910352053A CN 110013225 B CN110013225 B CN 110013225B
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light
handle
light source
ureter
blood vessel
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CN110013225A (en
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张锦龙
杨宇
荆雅洁
樊琳琳
张峰
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Henan University
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Henan University
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence

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Abstract

The invention relates to a device for distinguishing a ureter from a blood vessel, which comprises a handle and a clamp body arranged at the front end of the handle, wherein the clamp body comprises a clamp handle and a chuck, the clamp handle is respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the outer side of the chuck, an arc-shaped rubber pad attached to the chuck is correspondingly arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the inner side of the chuck, and detection units are respectively and correspondingly arranged in the rubber pad; the handle is provided with a display screen and a switch, and the handle is internally provided with a power supply and a processing unit. The invention also relates to a method for discriminating a ureter from a blood vessel, comprising: clamping the pipe to be detected; the singlechip controls the first light source to sequentially emit incident light, the first photoelectric detector detects the light intensity of reflected light, and the second photoelectric detector detects the light intensity of transmitted light; converting the obtained light intensity into a digital signal and sending the digital signal to a singlechip; the single chip microcomputer analyzes and processes the light intensity, judges whether the detected tube is a blood vessel or a ureter and calibrates the detected tube. The invention realizes accurate discrimination of blood vessels and ureters in human bodies.

Description

Device and method for distinguishing ureter and blood vessel
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical identification, in particular to a device and a method for distinguishing a ureter and a blood vessel.
Background
In clinical surgery, especially in abdominal or pelvic surgery, it is usually necessary to operate a blood vessel during the operation, but since the ureter and the blood vessel surface are covered with tissue components such as fat, tissue adhesion is heavy, which results in that an operator cannot normally dissect the relationship between the ureter, the blood vessel and the surrounding tissues, and also may cause ureter accidental injury or even necrosis due to various reasons such as insufficient experience of the operator and insufficient understanding of the normal ureter and the blood vessel, and once the ureter is damaged, various complications may be caused, for example, the genitourinary apparatus may form fistula, hydronephrosis and renal function damage or even cause acute renal failure; and the ureter injury is not rare in the operation process, so that the ureter and the blood vessel are accurately identified, and the avoidance of accidental injury of the ureter in the operation is an important link for carrying out correct and efficient operation.
In the clinical operation process, a surgeon often observes the flowing condition of liquid in a pipeline by combining the relevant information of images obtained by examination of a patient before operation with clinical practice experience through operations such as touch and pressing, so as to distinguish a ureter from a blood vessel, but the ureter and the blood vessel are determined to have risks by experience; moreover, the traditional method cannot clearly and accurately identify the type of the pipeline, and cannot clearly know whether the pipeline is a blood vessel or a ureter, so that certain risks exist. Therefore, how to rapidly and accurately judge the ureter and the blood vessel is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for distinguishing a ureter from a blood vessel, aiming at solving the problem that the ureter and the blood vessel in a human body can not be judged quickly and accurately in the prior art, and realizing effective distinction of the ureter and the blood vessel in human tissue.
The device and method for distinguishing ureter from blood vessel according to the present invention should be explained herein, and the device and method of the present invention are intended to obtain information of intermediate results, and not to directly obtain diagnosis results or health conditions, and thus are the subject of patent protection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a device for distinguishing a ureter from a blood vessel comprises a handle and a clamp body arranged at the front end of the handle, wherein the clamp body comprises clamp handles and a clamp head, the clamp head is arc-shaped, the clamp handles are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the outer side of the clamp head, and each clamp handle is in a transitional arc shape; a connecting rod is obliquely arranged between the clamp handle and the handle, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the handle, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the clamp handle;
arc-shaped rubber pads attached to the chuck are correspondingly arranged on the inner side of the chuck up and down, detection units are correspondingly arranged in the rubber pads respectively, and a pipe to be detected is clamped between the two rubber pads;
the handle is provided with a display screen and a switch, a cavity is arranged in the handle, and a power supply and a processing unit are arranged in the cavity;
the detection unit is used for detecting the information of the detected tube and transmitting the information to the processing unit, and the processing unit judges whether the detected tube clamped in the chuck is a ureter or a blood vessel after processing the information and displays the judgment result on the display screen.
Furthermore, the detection unit comprises a first detection unit and a second detection unit, and the first detection unit and the second detection unit are correspondingly arranged on the two rubber pads; the first detection unit comprises a first light source and a first photoelectric detector, and the second detection unit comprises a second light source and a second photoelectric detector; the first light source and the second photoelectric detector are arranged correspondingly, and the second light source and the first photoelectric detector are arranged correspondingly.
Further, the first light source and the second light source each include a wavelength λ1And λ2The linear distances between the two LED light sources and the photoelectric detectors on the same side of the two LED light sources are r respectively1And r2；
Said lambda1＝590nm，λ2810 nm; said r1＝r2。
Further, the processing unit comprises a controller and a processing circuit, the controller adopts an AT89C51 singlechip, and the processing circuit comprises an IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit, an AD conversion circuit and a driving circuit;
the driving circuit comprises a buffer ULN2003, the input end of the buffer is respectively connected with the P2.0, P2.1 and P2.2 interfaces of the singlechip, and the output end of the buffer is respectively connected with the first light source and the second light source and is used for driving the first light source and the second light source to emit light according to a set sequence.
Furthermore, the output ends of the first photodetector and the second photodetector are respectively connected with an IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit, the IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit comprises a first operational amplifier and a second operational amplifier which are connected step by step, the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the output end of the first or second photodetector through a first resistor, and the output end is connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier through a second resistor;
the AD conversion circuit comprises an AD conversion chip, the input end of the AD conversion chip is respectively connected with the output end of the second operational amplifier, and the output end of the AD conversion chip is connected with the P0.4 interface of the single chip microcomputer.
Further, the power supply supplies power to the processing unit and the detection unit; the display screen is connected with the single chip microcomputer.
A method for discriminating between ureters and blood vessels, based on a device for discriminating between ureters and blood vessels, comprising the steps of:
step 1: clamping the tested tube by using a chuck;
step 2: the singlechip controls the first light source to sequentially emit light with the wavelength of lambda through the drive circuit1And λ2Respectively, the light intensity of the incident light is I01And I02And has:
Figure BDA0002044235140000021
wherein a is a constant;
and step 3: the first photoelectric detector detects the wavelength of lambda1And λ2Light intensity of reflected light Ie1And Ie2(ii) a The optical paths are respectively L1And L2And, and:
Figure BDA0002044235140000031
wherein b is a constant;
the second photoelectric detector detects the wavelength of lambda1And λ2Has a light intensity of transmitted light of Ip1And Ip2The optical paths of which are respectively L3And L4And L is3＝L4＝L；
And 4, step 4: the obtained light intensity finally converts the light intensity signal into a digital signal through an IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit and an AD conversion circuit and sends the digital signal to a singlechip;
and 5: singlechip microcomputer for light intensity Ie1、Ie2And Ip1、Ip2Analyzing and processing to judge whether the detected tube is a blood vessel or a ureter;
step 6: calibrating; the singlechip controls the second light source to sequentially emit light with the wavelength of lambda through the drive circuit1And λ2Of the first photodetector, the wavelength of the first photodetectorIs λ1And λ2Light intensity of transmitted light Ie3And Ie4(ii) a The second photoelectric detector detects the wavelength of lambda1And λ2Light intensity of reflected light Ip3And Ip4(ii) a And will Ie3、Ie4And Ip3、Ip4And (4) sending the result to a single chip microcomputer for analysis and processing, if the judgment result of the tested tube is consistent with the judgment result of the step (5), displaying the judgment result on a display screen, and if the result is inconsistent, returning to the step (1) for re-judgment.
Further, the light intensity I in the step 3e1And Ie2The method comprises the following steps:
the method is obtained according to Lambert beer law and the optical principle of a light scattering theory on two measurement modes of a transmission type and a reflection type: when a beam of monochromatic light with the wavelength of lambda irradiates the solution of a certain substance, the emergent light intensity I and the incident light intensity I of the beam of monochromatic light0The following relations exist between the following components:
I＝I0·e-εCL(3.2)
wherein I is the emergent light intensity, I0Is the incident light intensity, epsilon is the extinction coefficient, C is the concentration of the light-absorbing substance, and L is the optical path length; the light intensity I detected by the first detectore1And Ie2Respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002044235140000032
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002044235140000033
at a wavelength of λ1The absorption coefficient of the oxygenated hemoglobin of the human body in the measured tube under the incident light,
Figure BDA0002044235140000034
for the concentration of the oxygen-containing hemoglobin of the human body in the detected tube,
Figure BDA0002044235140000035
at a wavelength of λ1The incident light of the light source can reduce the hemoglobin in the detected tubeAbsorption coefficient of white, CHThe concentration of the reduced hemoglobin in the detected tube;
Figure BDA0002044235140000036
at a wavelength of λ1The absorption coefficient of water in the tube to be measured under the incident light,
Figure BDA0002044235140000037
in order to measure the water concentration in the pipe,
Figure BDA0002044235140000038
at a wavelength of λ1The absorbance of skin, muscle, venous blood, and other tissues under incident light;
Figure BDA0002044235140000041
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002044235140000042
at a wavelength of λ2The absorption coefficient of the oxygenated hemoglobin of the human body in the measured tube under the incident light,
Figure BDA0002044235140000043
at a wavelength of λ2The absorption coefficient of the reduced hemoglobin in the tested tube under the incident light,
Figure BDA0002044235140000044
at a wavelength of λ2The absorption coefficient of water in the tube to be measured under the incident light,
Figure BDA0002044235140000045
at a wavelength of λ2The absorbance of skin, muscle, venous blood, and other tissues under incident light;
the second photoelectric detector detects the light intensity Ip1And Ip2Respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002044235140000046
Figure BDA0002044235140000047
further, the step 5 specifically includes: singlechip microcomputer for light intensity Ie1、Ie2And Ip1、Ip2Performing analysis treatment if the conditions are satisfied
Figure BDA0002044235140000048
And
Figure BDA0002044235140000049
if so, judging that the detected tube is a blood vessel; if at the same time satisfy
Figure BDA00020442351400000410
And
Figure BDA00020442351400000411
and if so, judging that the tested tube is the ureter.
Further, the step 6 specifically includes:
the light intensity Ie3、Ie4And Ip3、Ip4Sending to a single chip for analysis and processing, if the requirements are met simultaneously
Figure BDA00020442351400000412
And
Figure BDA00020442351400000413
if so, judging that the detected tube is a blood vessel; if at the same time satisfy
Figure BDA00020442351400000414
And
Figure BDA00020442351400000415
if so, judging that the tested tube is the ureter;
if the judgment result of the step is consistent with the judgment result of the step 5, the singlechip controls the display screen to display the characters of urine or blood, otherwise, the step 1 is returned to for re-detection and judgment.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the device of the invention adopts a handheld structure, is light and handy, is easy to operate and has small product volume; because abdominal and pelvic surgeries are common, the measurement product designed by the invention is applied more frequently, and the control circuit has two testing functions of transmission and reflection, so that the volume is effectively reduced, the cost is reduced, and the mass production is convenient; the arc that adopts presss from both sides the pipeline that awaits measuring of laminating that the structure can be better, has improved information acquisition's the degree of accuracy, and the type of the pipeline that is surveyed of judgement that can be quick accurate has very big application prospect clinically.
The invention aims at the vascular object without distinguishing the venous blood vessel, because the proportion of the oxygenated hemoglobin and the reduced hemoglobin contained in the artery and the vein is different, the absorption degree of the light with most wavelengths is different, the detected emergent light intensity is also different, and the light sources with the wavelengths of 590nm and 810nm are selected because the absorption coefficients of the oxygenated hemoglobin and the reduced hemoglobin to the light are almost equal under the irradiation of the light with the two wavelengths, the difference of the absorbance can be ignored, so the vein is not needed to be distinguished, and the applicability is stronger.
The algorithm of the invention is developed and deduced according to the Lambert beer law, has a solid theoretical basis, and the threshold deduced by a formula is more accurate and has strong timeliness: the blood vessel type is distinguished by using an optical technology, the measurement time is short, and the obtained judgment result is not more than 3 s.
The invention has accurate and reliable measurement; the measurement principle and the control circuit of two kinds of measuring methods of transmission-type and reflection-type are related to, through the contrast measurement of two kinds of measuring methods, measurement error has been reduced, the probability of erroneous judgement has been reduced to guarantee can more accurately judge the pipeline type, reduce the emergence of medical accident.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for discriminating a ureter from a blood vessel according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic position diagram of a detection unit of the apparatus for discriminating a ureter from a blood vessel of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a processing unit and a detection unit of the apparatus for discriminating a ureter from a blood vessel according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a single chip microcomputer of the device for distinguishing the ureter from the blood vessel.
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit of an apparatus for discriminating a ureter from a blood vessel according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a second schematic circuit diagram of an IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit of an apparatus for discriminating a ureter from a blood vessel according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of an AD conversion circuit of the apparatus for discriminating a ureter from a blood vessel according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the absorbance trend for two wavelengths of light from several materials in example 2 of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the drawings are as follows: the multifunctional clamp comprises a handle 1, a clamp handle 2, a clamp head 3, a rubber pad 4, a first detection unit 5, a second detection unit 6, a display screen 7, a switch 8, a connecting rod 9, a first light source 10, a first photoelectric detector 11, a second light source 12, a second photoelectric detector 13, a driving circuit 14, a power supply 15, a controller 16, an IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit 17 and an AD conversion circuit 18.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 7, a device for distinguishing a ureter from a blood vessel comprises a handle 1 and a clamp body arranged at the front end of the handle 1, wherein the clamp body comprises clamp handles 2 and clamp heads 3, the clamp heads 3 are arc-shaped, the clamp handles 2 are respectively arranged at the upper and lower parts of the outer side of each clamp head 3, and each clamp handle 2 is in a transitional arc shape; a connecting rod 9 is obliquely arranged between the clamp handle 2 and the handle 1, one end of the connecting rod 9 is fixedly connected with the handle 1, and the other end of the connecting rod 9 is hinged with the clamp handle 2;
arc-shaped rubber pads 4 attached to the chuck 3 are correspondingly arranged on the inner side of the chuck 3 up and down, detection units are correspondingly arranged in the rubber pads 4 respectively, and a pipe to be detected is clamped between the two rubber pads 4;
the handle 1 is provided with a display screen 7 and a switch 8, a cavity is arranged in the handle 1, and a power supply 15 and a processing unit are arranged in the cavity;
the detection unit is used for detecting the information of the tested tube and transmitting the information to the processing unit, the processing unit judges whether the tested tube clamped in the chuck 3 is a ureter or a blood vessel after processing the information, and the judgment result is displayed on the display screen 7.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the detecting unit includes a first detecting unit 5 and a second detecting unit 6, and the first detecting unit 5 and the second detecting unit 6 are correspondingly disposed on the two rubber pads 4; the first detection unit 5 comprises a first light source 10 and a first photodetector 11, and the second detection unit 6 comprises a second light source 12 and a second photodetector 13; the first light source 10 is disposed corresponding to the second photodetector 13, and the second light source 12 is disposed corresponding to the first photodetector 11.
Specifically, the first light source 10 and the second light source 12 each include a wavelength λ1And λ2The linear distances between the two LED light sources and the photoelectric detectors on the same side of the two LED light sources are r respectively1And r2；
Said lambda1＝590nm，λ2810 nm; said r1＝r2。
As shown in fig. 3, the processing unit includes a controller 16 and a processing circuit, the controller 16 adopts an AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer is connected with a crystal oscillator circuit and a reset circuit, and the crystal oscillator circuit adopts a 12MHz crystal oscillator; the reset circuit is connected with a key S and a capacitor C3, and the capacity of the capacitor C3 is 100 pF; the processing circuit includes an IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit 17, an AD conversion circuit 18, and a drive circuit 14.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the driving circuit 14 includes a buffer ULN2003, and the input end of the buffer is respectively connected to the P2.0, P2.1 and P2.2 interfaces of the single chip, and outputs the signalsThe output ends are respectively connected with the first light source 10 and the second light source 12 and are used for driving the first light source 10 and the second light source 12 to emit light according to a set sequence. In the present embodiment, the first photodetector 11 and the first light source 10 adopt a sensor DCM08, the second photodetector 13 and the second light source 12 also adopt a sensor DCM08, and the sensor DCM08 integrates four LED light sources capable of emitting light with wavelengths of 590, 660, 810 and 905nm, and integrates one photodetector; the invention adopts only two LED light sources, and the wavelength lambda of the two LED light sources 41And λ2590 and 810nm respectively. The output terminals 1C and 2C of the buffer are respectively connected with the 590C port and the 810C port of the sensor DCM08 of the first detection unit 5 through a resistor R3 and a resistor R4; the resistance values of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are 1K omega; the output terminals 3C and 4C of the buffer are respectively connected with the 590C port and the 810C port of the sensor DCM08 of the second detection unit 6 through a resistor R5 and a resistor R6; the resistance values of the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 are 1K omega.
As a preferred embodiment, the output ends of the first photodetector 11 and the second photodetector 13 are respectively connected with an IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit 17, the IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit 17 includes a first operational amplifier and a second operational amplifier which are connected in a cascade, and both the first operational amplifier and the second operational amplifier adopt an AD626 type amplifier; the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the output end of the first photoelectric detector 11 or the second photoelectric detector 13 through a first resistor, and the output end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier through a second resistor; specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 is an IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit 17 connected to the output end of the first photodetector 11, the first operational amplifier and the second operational amplifier are U7 and U8, respectively, the first resistor is R7, the second resistor is R10, and the resistances of the resistors R7 and R10 are both 1K Ω; the output end of the second operational amplifier U8 is connected with the input end of the AD conversion chip; fig. 6 shows the IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit 17 connected to the output terminal of the second photodetector 13, the first operational amplifier and the second operational amplifier are U9 and U10, respectively, the first resistor is R18, the second resistor is R15, and the resistances of the resistors R18 and R15 are both 1K Ω; the output end of the second operational amplifier U10 is connected with the input end of the AD conversion chip.
The AD conversion circuit 18 comprises an AD conversion chip, the input end of the AD conversion chip is respectively connected with the output end of the second operational amplifier, and the output end of the AD conversion chip is connected with the P0.4 interface of the single chip microcomputer. Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the AD conversion chip is an ADC0809 type chip, the ST, EOC, OE, and CLK ports of the AD conversion chip are respectively connected to the P0.0 to P0.3 ports of the single chip, and the D0 to D7 ports of the AD conversion chip are respectively connected to the P1.0 to P1.7 ports of the single chip.
The power supply 15 supplies power to the processing unit and the detection unit; the display screen 7 is connected with the single chip microcomputer. Specifically, the power supply 15 adopts a rechargeable button battery ML2016 to provide 5V power supply voltage for the device, and a charging port is reserved at the end part of the handle 1; the display screen 7 adopts a monochromatic 0.48OLED display screen, and the display screen 7 is connected with ports P3.6-P3.7 and P2.6-P2.7 of the singlechip.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 8, a method for discriminating a ureter from a blood vessel based on an apparatus for discriminating a ureter from a blood vessel includes the steps of:
step 1: clamping the tested tube by using a chuck 3; specifically, the hand is held between the fingers and is pressed handle 2, makes chuck 3 open, then presss from both sides the pipe under test, later loosens the hand, makes the lateral wall of the pipe under test and the 4 laminating of the rubber pad in the chuck 3 to the detection unit carries out accurate detection to the pipe under test, then opens switch 8 and surveys.
Step 2: the singlechip controls the first light source 10 to sequentially emit light with wavelength lambda through the drive circuit 141And λ2Respectively, the light intensity of the incident light is I01And I02And has:
Figure BDA0002044235140000071
wherein a is a constant.
And step 3: the first photodetector 11 detects a wavelength λ1And λ2Light intensity of reflected light Ie1And Ie2(ii) a The optical paths are respectively L1And L2And, and:
Figure BDA0002044235140000081
wherein b is a constant;
light intensity I in said step 3e1And Ie2The method comprises the following steps:
the method is obtained according to Lambert beer law and the optical principle of a light scattering theory on two measurement modes of a transmission type and a reflection type: when a beam of monochromatic light with the wavelength of lambda irradiates the solution of a certain substance, the emergent light intensity I and the incident light intensity I of the beam of monochromatic light0The following relations exist between the following components:
I＝I0·e-εCL(3.2)
wherein I is the emergent light intensity, I0Is the incident light intensity, epsilon is the extinction coefficient, C is the concentration of the light-absorbing substance, and L is the optical path length; the light intensity I detected by the first detectore1And Ie2Respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002044235140000082
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002044235140000083
at a wavelength of λ1The absorption coefficient of the oxygenated hemoglobin of the human body in the measured tube under the incident light,
Figure BDA0002044235140000084
for the concentration of the oxygen-containing hemoglobin of the human body in the detected tube,
Figure BDA0002044235140000085
at a wavelength of λ1The absorption coefficient, C, of the reduced hemoglobin in the measured tube under the incident lightHThe concentration of the reduced hemoglobin in the detected tube;
Figure BDA0002044235140000086
to be at wavelengthIs λ1The absorption coefficient of water in the tube to be measured under the incident light,
Figure BDA0002044235140000087
in order to measure the water concentration in the pipe,
Figure BDA0002044235140000088
at a wavelength of λ1The absorbance of skin, muscle, venous blood, and other tissues under incident light;
Figure BDA0002044235140000089
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00020442351400000810
at a wavelength of λ2The absorption coefficient of the oxygenated hemoglobin of the human body in the measured tube under the incident light,
Figure BDA00020442351400000811
at a wavelength of λ2The absorption coefficient of the reduced hemoglobin in the tested tube under the incident light,
Figure BDA00020442351400000812
at a wavelength of λ2The absorption coefficient of water in the tube to be measured under the incident light,
Figure BDA00020442351400000813
at a wavelength of λ2The absorbance of skin, muscle, venous blood, and other tissues under incident light;
the second photodetector 13 detects a wavelength λ1And λ2Has a light intensity of transmitted light of Ip1And Ip2The optical paths of which are respectively L3And L4And L is3＝L4＝L；
The second photodetector 13 detects the light intensity Ip1And Ip2Respectively as follows:
Figure BDA00020442351400000814
Figure BDA0002044235140000091
and 4, step 4: the obtained light intensity is finally converted into a digital signal through the IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit 17 and the AD conversion circuit 18, and the digital signal is sent to the singlechip.
And 5: singlechip microcomputer for light intensity Ie1、Ie2And Ip1、Ip2Analyzing and processing to judge whether the detected tube is a blood vessel or a ureter;
the step 5 specifically includes: singlechip microcomputer for light intensity Ie1、Ie2And Ip1、Ip2Performing analysis treatment if the conditions are satisfied
Figure BDA0002044235140000092
And
Figure BDA0002044235140000093
if so, judging that the detected tube is a blood vessel; if at the same time satisfy
Figure BDA0002044235140000094
And
Figure BDA0002044235140000095
and if so, judging that the tested tube is the ureter.
The following details how to determine whether it is a blood vessel or a ureter:
a) for the reflection measurement, the optical path L is shown in formula (3.1)1And L2A certain proportional relation exists, and a linear relation which is satisfied by the light path length L of the reflected light and the distance r between the light source and the photoelectric detector is obtained according to Monte Carlo simulation of human tissues:
L＝PDPF·r(3.7)
in the formula, PDPF is a differential path factor, is related to the tissue thickness d, and satisfies the formula (3.8):
PDPF＝3.9788d(0＜d＜8mm) (3.8)
because the thickness of the blood vessel or ureter is less than 8mm and r1＝r2To obtain the following formula:
Figure BDA0002044235140000096
from the formula (3.9), L1＝L2，b＝1；
The ratio of the following equations (3.3) and (3.4) is given:
Figure BDA0002044235140000097
when the measured tube is a blood vessel, λ is the wavelength1Absorption coefficient of oxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessel when irradiated with 590nm light source
Figure BDA0002044235140000098
Absorption coefficient of reduced hemoglobin
Figure BDA0002044235140000099
And the absorption coefficient of moisture is close to 0, i.e.
Figure BDA00020442351400000910
For a wavelength of λ1When a blood vessel is irradiated with a light source of 810nm, the absorption coefficient of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood vessel
Figure BDA00020442351400000911
Absorption coefficient of reduced hemoglobin
Figure BDA00020442351400000912
The absorption coefficient of water at the wavelength is small and can be ignored compared with the absorption coefficients of oxygenated hemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin; the trend of absorbance can be seen with reference to fig. 8; the absorbance is the absorption coefficient; in the figure, O2Is composed ofThe absorption coefficient curve of oxyhemoglobin corresponding to wavelength, H is the absorption coefficient curve of reduced hemoglobin corresponding to wavelength, H2O is the extinction coefficient curve of water corresponding to the wavelength; the above absorption coefficient is substituted into the formula (3.10) to obtain:
Figure BDA0002044235140000101
when the tube to be measured is a ureter, the main light-absorbing substance in the ureter is water, and therefore, the light absorption coefficient of oxyhemoglobin
Figure BDA0002044235140000102
Absorption coefficient of reduced hemoglobin
Figure BDA0002044235140000103
For a wavelength of λ1When the ureter is irradiated with a 590nm light source, as can be seen with reference to fig. 8, H2Extinction coefficient of O
Figure BDA0002044235140000104
Substituting equation (3.10) therefore yields:
Figure BDA0002044235140000105
b) for transmission measurements; the ratio of equations (3.5) and (3.6) yields the following equation:
Figure BDA0002044235140000106
when the measured tube is a blood vessel, λ is the wavelength1Absorption coefficient of oxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessel when irradiated with 590nm light source
Figure BDA0002044235140000107
Absorption coefficient of reduced hemoglobin
Figure BDA0002044235140000108
And the absorption coefficient of moisture is close to 0, i.e.
Figure BDA0002044235140000109
For a wavelength of λ1When a blood vessel is irradiated with a light source of 810nm, the absorption coefficient of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood vessel
Figure BDA00020442351400001010
Absorption coefficient of reduced hemoglobin
Figure BDA00020442351400001011
The absorption coefficient of water at the wavelength is small and can be ignored compared with the absorption coefficients of oxygenated hemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin; the trend of absorbance can be seen with reference to fig. 8; the above absorption coefficient is substituted into the formula (3.13) to obtain:
Figure BDA00020442351400001012
when the tube to be measured is a ureter, the main light-absorbing substance in the ureter is water, and therefore, the light absorption coefficient of oxyhemoglobin
Figure BDA00020442351400001013
Absorption coefficient of reduced hemoglobin
Figure BDA00020442351400001014
For a wavelength of λ1When the ureter is irradiated with a 590nm light source, as can be seen with reference to fig. 8, H2Extinction coefficient of O
Figure BDA00020442351400001015
Substituting equation (3.13) therefore yields:
Figure BDA00020442351400001016
in summary, it can be seen that both reflection-type measurement and transmission-type measurement are usedThe formula (3.11) and (3.14) show that the measured vessel satisfies the requirements for blood vessels
Figure BDA00020442351400001017
And
Figure BDA00020442351400001018
as can be seen from the formulas (3.12) and (3.15), the ureter can satisfy the requirements of the tested tube
Figure BDA0002044235140000111
And
Figure BDA0002044235140000112
therefore, it is accurate and feasible to use it as a condition for discriminating a blood vessel and a ureter.
Step 6: calibrating; the singlechip controls the second light source 12 to sequentially emit light with the wavelength lambda through the driving circuit 141And λ2Of light of wavelength lambda detected by the first photodetector 111And λ2Light intensity of transmitted light Ie3And Ie4(ii) a The second photodetector 13 detects a wavelength λ1And λ2Light intensity of reflected light Ip3And Ip4(ii) a And will Ie3、Ie4And Ip3、Ip4And (4) sending the result to a single chip microcomputer for analysis and processing, if the judgment result of the tested tube is consistent with the judgment result of the step (5), displaying the judgment result on a display screen (7), and if the judgment result is inconsistent, returning to the step (1) for re-judgment.
The step 6 specifically includes:
the light intensity Ie3、Ie4And Ip3、Ip4Sending to a single chip for analysis and processing, if the requirements are met simultaneously
Figure BDA0002044235140000113
And
Figure BDA0002044235140000114
if so, judging that the detected tube is a blood vessel; if at the same time satisfy
Figure BDA0002044235140000115
And
Figure BDA0002044235140000116
if so, judging that the tested tube is the ureter;
if the judgment result of the step is consistent with the judgment result of the step 5, the singlechip controls the display screen 7 to display the characters of urine or blood, otherwise, the step 1 is returned to for re-detection and judgment; it should be noted that, the calibration step is added to prevent the misjudgment caused by objective reasons such as damage of the light source when only the first light source 10 is used for judging, so that the second light source 12 is added for calibration, and the judgment result of the device is more accurate; the detection step of the calibration process is identical to the detection step of the first light source 10.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that equivalent changes or modifications in the structure, features and principles described in the present invention should be included in the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The device for distinguishing the ureter from the blood vessel is characterized by comprising a handle (1) and a clamp body arranged at the front end of the handle (1), wherein the clamp body comprises clamp handles (2) and a chuck (3), the chuck (3) is arc-shaped, the clamp handles (2) are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the outer side of the chuck (3), and each clamp handle (2) is in a transitional arc shape; a connecting rod (9) is obliquely arranged between the clamp handle (2) and the handle (1), one end of the connecting rod (9) is fixedly connected with the handle (1), and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the clamp handle (2);
arc-shaped rubber pads (4) attached to the chuck (3) are correspondingly arranged on the inner side of the chuck (3) up and down, detection units are correspondingly arranged in the rubber pads (4), and a pipe to be detected is clamped between the two rubber pads (4); the detection units comprise a first detection unit (5) and a second detection unit (6), and the first detection unit (5) and the second detection unit (6) are correspondingly arranged on the two rubber pads (4); the first detection unit (5) comprises a first light source (10) and a first photodetector (11),the second detection unit (6) comprises a second light source (12) and a second photodetector (13); the first light source (10) and the second light source (12) each comprise a wavelength λ1And λ2Two LED light sources of (1); said lambda1＝590nm，λ2＝810nm；
The handle (1) is provided with a display screen (7) and a switch (8), a cavity is arranged in the handle (1), and a power supply (15) and a processing unit are arranged in the cavity;
the detection unit is used for detecting the information of the detected tube and transmitting the information to the processing unit, the processing unit judges whether the detected tube clamped in the chuck (3) is a ureter or a blood vessel after processing the information and displays the judgment result on the display screen (7); the method specifically comprises the following steps: the singlechip controls the first light source (10) to sequentially emit light with the wavelength of lambda through the drive circuit (14)1And λ2Of light of wavelength lambda detected by the first photodetector (11)1And λ2Light intensity of reflected light Ie1And Ie2(ii) a The second photodetector (13) detects the wavelength of lambda1And λ2Has a light intensity of transmitted light of Ip1And Ip2；
Singlechip microcomputer for light intensity Ie1、Ie2And Ip1、Ip2Performing analysis treatment if the conditions are satisfied
Figure FDA0003312791640000011
And
Figure FDA0003312791640000012
if so, judging that the detected tube is a blood vessel; if at the same time satisfy
Figure FDA0003312791640000013
And
Figure FDA0003312791640000014
if so, judging that the tested tube is the ureter; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003312791640000015
I01and I02Respectively represent a wavelength of λ1And λ2The light intensity of the incident light of (a);
Figure FDA0003312791640000016
at a wavelength of λ1The absorbance of skin, muscle, venous blood, and other tissues under incident light;
Figure FDA0003312791640000017
at a wavelength of λ2The absorbance of skin, muscle, venous blood, and other tissues under incident light.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first light source (10) is arranged in correspondence with a second photodetector (13), and the second light source (12) is arranged in correspondence with the first photodetector.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the two LED light sources are respectively located at a linear distance r from the same side of the photodetector1And r2(ii) a Said r1＝r2。
4. The device for distinguishing the ureter from the blood vessel according to claim 1, wherein the processing unit comprises a controller (16) and a processing circuit, the controller (16) adopts an AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, and the processing circuit comprises an IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit (17), an AD conversion circuit (18) and a driving circuit (14);
the driving circuit (14) comprises a buffer ULN2003, the input end of the buffer is respectively connected with the P2.0, P2.1 and P2.2 interfaces of the singlechip, and the output end of the buffer is respectively connected with the first light source (10) and the second light source (12) and is used for driving the first light source (10) and the second light source (12) to emit light according to a set sequence.
5. The ureteral and vascular identification device according to claim 4, wherein the output ends of the first and second photodetectors (11, 13) are respectively connected with an IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit (17), the IV conversion and operational amplifier circuit (17) comprises a first operational amplifier and a second operational amplifier which are connected in a cascade manner, the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the output end of the first photodetector (11) or the second photodetector (13) through a first resistor, and the output end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier through a second resistor;
the AD conversion circuit (18) comprises an AD conversion chip, the input end of the AD conversion chip is respectively connected with the output end of the second operational amplifier, and the output end of the AD conversion chip is connected with the P0.4 interface of the single chip microcomputer.
6. The device for discriminating ureters from blood vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that said power source (15) supplies power to the processing unit and to the detection unit; the display screen (7) is connected with the single chip microcomputer.
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