CN110011044B - Ultralow-profile strong-coupling ultra-wideband phased array based on magnetic medium type artificial magnetic conductor - Google Patents
Ultralow-profile strong-coupling ultra-wideband phased array based on magnetic medium type artificial magnetic conductor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110011044B CN110011044B CN201910301638.1A CN201910301638A CN110011044B CN 110011044 B CN110011044 B CN 110011044B CN 201910301638 A CN201910301638 A CN 201910301638A CN 110011044 B CN110011044 B CN 110011044B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-low profile strong coupling ultra-wideband phased array antenna based on a magnetic medium type artificial magnetic conductor structure, which comprises a radiation unit layer printed on an ultra-thin medium layer and an artificial magnetic conductor reflecting plate. The tail ends of the dipole antenna units in the radiation unit layers respectively extend to the tail ends of the adjacent dipole antenna units to form interdigital capacitors capable of enhancing the capacitive coupling quantity among the units. The antenna can realize +/-60-degree two-dimensional wide-angle scanning within a 3.3 octave range, and the requirements of ultra-wide-angle scanning and ultra-low profile of the antenna are met because the artificial magnetic conductor structure taking a magnetic medium as a medium substrate is loaded and the profile height of the artificial magnetic conductor structure is only about 0.03 time of the high-frequency wavelength. The ultra-low profile strong coupling ultra-wideband phased array antenna provided by the invention is particularly suitable for application platforms which need ultra-wide working frequency bands and ultra-low profile requirements of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antenna engineering, in particular to an ultra wide band wide angle scanning phased antenna array system, which is a phased antenna array based on strong mutual coupling effect and loaded Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) and having ultra wide band low profile characteristic, and can be used for an electronic platform requiring ultra wide band and low profile.
Background
A phased array antenna refers to an antenna array that achieves spatial scanning of an array antenna beam by controlling the feed phase of individual antenna elements in the antenna array. The trend of the development of ultra-wideband phased arrays as phased array antennas is a necessary requirement for the development of wireless electronic technology. The design idea of the traditional ultra-wideband phased array antenna is to design an isolated antenna unit as a starting point, and then form a wideband antenna array by the antenna units in a proper array forming mode. Obviously, such a design mode is often very limited and is limited by influences such as unit bandwidth, floor short circuit and mutual coupling in low frequency, and such a traditional ultra-wideband phased array has many or few defects such as large volume, difficulty in conformal property, and too complex technical structure, and is not beneficial to realizing large-angle scanning of beams and expansion of working frequency bands.
Therefore, an ultra-wideband phased array antenna based on the strong coupling effect is produced. The b.munk teaching at ohio state university abandons the design of the conventional ultra wide band Phased Array that considers the mutual coupling between cells as "harmful", and in the united states patent No. 6512487, "Wideband Phased Array and related technologies" (Wideband Phased Array and associated Methods), a method for expanding the bandwidth by enhancing the mutual coupling effect between cells was first proposed. However, the strongly mutually coupled ultra-wideband phased array designed by Munk et al has a dielectric wide-angle impedance matching layer, and the dielectric plate of the wide-angle matching layer has a thickness proportional to the operating wavelength, so that the overall profile of the array is high. In the chinese patent "a dual-polarized one-dimensional strong coupling ultra wide band wide angle scanning phased array" with application number 201610230021.1, a method for improving the low frequency reactance of a vertical polarization port by using the combined action of a vertical gradually-changing extension part of a vertical polarization dipole and a metal fence part is proposed, thereby expanding the low frequency bandwidth. The two polarizations of the antenna have working bandwidths of 5:1 and 4:1 within a +/-60-degree scanning range respectively, and a parasitic printing dielectric plate is adopted to replace a traditional wide-angle impedance matching layer, so that the effect of light weight is realized. However, the antenna profile height is 0.95 times of the high frequency wavelength, which is much smaller than the conventional Vivaldi antenna, but it is still difficult to satisfy the requirement of low profile and even conformality. In the chinese patent application No. 201710515792.X, "a strong mutual coupling ultra wide band wide angle scanning dual polarized conformal phased array antenna", a novel conformal array combining a dipole based on a strong mutual coupling effect with the conformal array is provided, the conformal array takes a frustum shape as a carrier, the section height is 0.43 times of high frequency wavelength, and scanning of +/-60 degrees is realized in the range of 6-18GHz, although the section height of the conformal array is reduced compared with the above, the working bandwidth is also reduced to 3:1, and the section height of the antenna is still higher in a frequency band with lower working frequency. In 2013, the article "UWB Low-Circuit Tight coupled dipole Array With Integrated antenna and Edge terminals" published in IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation (IEEE T-AP) proposed a strongly mutually coupled phased Array antenna operating at 200MHz-600MHz, With a cross-sectional height of only 0.3 times the high frequency wavelength, however, the antenna can only achieve + -30 DEG scanning. In addition, one or more dielectric plates (wide-angle impedance matching layers) are arranged on the top layer of the array, so that some impedance changes caused by array scanning can be reduced, and wide-angle scanning is realized. In an article "ultra wide band Array With 70 ° Scanning Using FSSSuperstrate" published by IEEE T-AP in 2016, Ersin yestershir et al, a strongly mutually coupled phased Array antenna is proposed that uses a parasitic frequency selective surface instead of a conventional wide-angle impedance matching layer, which achieves E-plane ± 75 °, D-plane ± 70 °, H-plane ± 60 ° Scanning within 0.5-3.1GHz operating frequency, and a standing-wave ratio within the Scanning band of less than 3.2. The antenna still has the disadvantage of a high profile, which is about 0.77 times the high frequency wavelength.
The above array antenna forms all provide some beneficial improvements over strongly coupled ultra wide band phased array antennas. However, as the antenna profile height is further reduced, the active standing wave of the array is severely degraded, especially at low frequency bands, and it is difficult to achieve the requirement of satisfying both the ultra-low profile and the wide-band wide-angle scanning.
In order to further reduce the profile of phased array antennas, some forms of low profile antennas based on artificial magnetic conductor structures have been proposed. The chinese patent with application number 201410453680, "a broadband dipole antenna based on artificial magnetic conductor structure", proposes a dipole antenna composed of 4S-shaped branches, the artificial magnetic conductor is located 2mm under the dipole antenna, the thickness of the required dielectric substrate of the artificial magnetic conductor is 3.6mm, the profile height is about 0.2 high-frequency wavelength (10.6GHz), the relative bandwidth reaches 78.7%, and is more than 2 times larger than that of the traditional dipole antenna. The Chinese patent with application number 201510359321 proposes an artificial magnetic conductor unit which is different from a common square metal periodic patch and is composed of a square patch with a hollow center and a metal patch composed of a spiral line, wherein the thickness of the artificial magnetic conductor is 21mm, the distance between an antenna oscillator and the artificial magnetic conductor structure is 9mm, the section height is about 0.1 high-frequency wavelength (0.96GHz), and the relative bandwidth is about 33%.
The low-profile antennas described above all provide some significant improvements in achieving low-profile antennas. But none of these antennas has the function of wide angle broadband scanning. The invention combines the magnetic medium type artificial magnetic conductor with the strong coupling ultra wide band phased array antenna for the first time, and provides the antenna which simultaneously meets the requirements of ultra-low profile and wide-angle scanning of the broadband.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the low-profile antenna reported in the invention or the open literature, the invention provides an ultra-low-profile strong-coupling ultra-wideband phased array antenna loaded with a magnetic medium type artificial magnetic conductor. The antenna can realize the wave beam scanning of +/-60 degrees of an E surface and an H surface within 3.3 octaves, and the section height of the antenna is only 0.03 time of high-frequency wavelength after the artificial magnetic conductor with ferrite as a substrate is loaded.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: first dielectric substrate (thickness 20mil, relative dielectric constant ε)r3.55); a dipole element printed on the first dielectric substrate; the artificial magnetic conductor reflecting structure comprises a square metal periodic patch, a metal grounding plate and a second dielectric substrate; a balanced feed structure; a coaxial cable feeding the balanced feed structure.
The artificial magnetic conductor structure is positioned right below the dipole antenna and is directly contacted with the medium substrate of the printed radiation unit.
The side length of the metal patch is 6mm, and the distance between the metal patch and the metal grounding plate (namely the thickness of the second medium substrate) is 4 mm.
The second dielectric substrate is made of ferrite material (dielectric constant ∈)rPermeability μ ═ 8r8) and a thickness of 4 mm. In order to reduce the influence of the medium with high dielectric constant and high magnetic permeability on the feed structure, two through holes are drilled on the second medium substrate, polystyrene foam materials are filled in the through holes, and two metallized through holes are drilled to form the balanced feed structure.
In order to avoid common mode resonance, the dipole unit adopts a balanced feed structure for feeding.
The invention has the advantages that: the interdigital dipole based on the strong coupling effect is used as an antenna unit, so that the wide-angle broadband scanning capability of the antenna is improved; the ferrite material is used as the dielectric substrate of the artificial magnetic conductor, so that the in-phase reflection bandwidth (namely the reflection phase is positioned between-90 degrees and 90 degrees) of the artificial magnetic conductor is effectively increased, the +/-60-degree scanning in the broadband range of 0.6-2GHz (3.3 octaves) is realized, the section height of the antenna is obviously reduced, and the common 0.4 high-frequency wavelength is reduced to 0.03 high-frequency wavelength; the whole antenna unit is directly printed on the dielectric substrate, an additional supporting structure is not needed, the processing is very simple, and the assembly is also very flexible; the antenna unit does not use a wide-angle impedance matching layer, and the antenna profile is extremely low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an ultra-low section strong coupling ultra-wideband phased array antenna based on a magnetic medium type artificial magnetic conductor. The antenna array shown in the figure is a 10 × 10 array, but only feeds the central 8 × 8 unit, and the outer circle is a dummy. The array is only one specific embodiment of the ultra-low profile strongly coupled ultra wide band wide angle scanning phased array antenna.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of one unit of the ultra-low section strong coupling ultra-wideband phased array antenna based on the magnetic medium type artificial magnetic conductor. 101 is a dipole unit printed on a first dielectric substrate 102, wherein the dipole unit strengthens the capacitive coupling effect between units; 103 is a balanced feed structure; 104 is a square metal patch printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 105 (ferrite); 106 is a metal ground plate printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 105; 104. 105, 106 constitute an artificial magnetic conductor structure (reflective floor of the antenna); 107 is a microwave coaxial cable feeding the balanced feed structure.
The standing wave characteristics of the individual cells in the embodiment of FIG. 3 during E-plane scanning in the 0.6-2GHz band. It can be seen that the low-profile broadband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the strong mutual coupling effect developed according to the specific embodiment has the standing-wave ratio of less than 3 when the E surface is scanned by 0-60 degrees in a frequency band of 0.6-2 GHz.
The standing wave characteristics of a single cell in the embodiment of fig. 4 during D-plane scanning in the 0.6-2Hz frequency band. It can be seen that the low-profile broadband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the strong mutual coupling effect developed according to the specific embodiment has a standing-wave ratio of less than 3 when the D surface is scanned by 0-60 degrees in a frequency band of 0.6-2 GHz.
The standing wave characteristics of a single cell in the embodiment of fig. 5 during H-plane scanning in the 0.6-2GHz band. It can be seen that the low-profile broadband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the strong mutual coupling effect developed according to the specific embodiment has a standing-wave ratio of less than 3 when scanning at 0-60 degrees in the H plane in a frequency band of 0.6-2 GHz.
The radiation pattern of the specific embodiment of fig. 6 is in the scanning state of 0-60 ° on the E plane at the frequency point of 1.3 GHz.
The radiation pattern of the specific embodiment of fig. 7 is in the 0-60 degree scanning state of the D surface of the frequency point of 1.3 GHz. .
The radiation pattern of the specific embodiment of fig. 8 is in the 0-60 degree scanning state of the H plane at the frequency point of 1.3 GHz.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Example 1: ultralow-profile strong-coupling ultra-wideband phased array antenna loaded with magnetic medium type artificial magnetic conductor
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment is a unit of an ultra-low profile strong coupling ultra-wideband phased array antenna based on a magnetic medium type artificial magnetic conductor in an infinite period environment. The structure comprises a dipole unit (101) printed on a first dielectric substrate; a first dielectric substrate (102); a balanced feed structure (103); a square metal periodic patch (104) printed on the second dielectric substrate; a second dielectric substrate (105); a metallic ground plate (106); a microwave coaxial cable (107) feeding the balanced feed structure. Referring to fig. 2, an interdigital dipole based on a strong mutual coupling effect is used as an antenna radiation element (101), which is printed on a thin dielectric substrate (having a thickness of 20mil and a relative dielectric constant ∈ r of 3.55), and an artificial magnetic conductor structure (composed of 104, 105, and 106) is located right below the dipole antenna and is in direct contact with the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (102) on which the radiation element is printed. The antenna unit adopts a balanced feed structure (103) to feed so as to eliminate common mode resonance, and in order to reduce the influence of a high dielectric constant and high permeability structure on the feed structure, two feed through holes are drilled on ferrite (105), and polystyrene foam materials are filled in the through holes. The antenna does not need an additional supporting structure, is simple in structure and convenient to process, and the whole height of the antenna is only 0.03 high-frequency wavelength, so that the requirement of the ultralow profile of the antenna is met.
Referring to fig. 3 to 8, the standing wave characteristics of the embodiment when three typical surfaces of E surface, D surface and H surface are scanned are shown in fig. 3 to 5; the radiation patterns of the embodiment in scanning three typical surfaces of the E surface, the D surface and the H surface are shown in fig. 6 to 8. It can be seen that this embodiment achieves a wide angular sweep of 0-60 deg. broadband in the 0.6-2GHz band with a standing wave ratio of less than 3. Meanwhile, the antenna does not adopt any form of wide-angle impedance matching layer, and the total section height is only 0.03 times of high-frequency wavelength.
In the embodiment, the directional diagram superposition principle in electromagnetic simulation is adopted to carry out simulation on the directional diagram of the 10 multiplied by 10 area array. Based on the periodic elements described in fig. 2, the infinite array can be extended to any practically finite array for practical applications.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. It will, therefore, be apparent to persons skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention without the use of inventive faculty. All of which are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An ultra-low profile strong coupling ultra-wideband phased array antenna based on a magnetic medium type artificial magnetic conductor comprises radiation units (101) which are periodically arranged and formed by printed dipole antenna units with strong capacitance coupling effect, wherein the unit distance is 0.3 times of high-frequency wavelength; a first dielectric substrate (102) of 20mil thickness carrying a printed radiating element; in order to avoid common mode resonance, a balanced feed structure (103) is adopted; the reflection floor adopting the artificial magnetic conductor structure comprises a square metal periodic patch (104), a second dielectric substrate (105) and a metal grounding plate (106), wherein the second dielectric substrate (105) between the square metal periodic patch (104) and the metal grounding plate (106) which form the artificial magnetic conductor structure is made of a magnetic dielectric material so as to expand the in-phase reflection bandwidth of the artificial magnetic conductor and greatly reduce the section height of an antenna, and the artificial magnetic conductor structure is positioned under a radiation unit (101) of the antenna and directly contacted with the lower surface of a first dielectric substrate (102) of the printed radiation unit (101) without an air gap layer or a dielectric isolation layer; and a microwave coaxial cable (107) feeding the balanced feed structure (103).
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| CN111326855B (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2022-04-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | FSS structure-based ultra-wide angle scanning octagonal patch antenna |
| CN111370861B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2022-07-08 | 南通大学 | Low-profile broadband dual-mode compressed dipole antenna |
| CN113054445A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-06-29 | 西南交通大学 | Conformal array antenna of capsule endoscope based on ferrite medium |
| CN112768881B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-24 | 南京理工大学 | Airborne low-profile ultrahigh frequency flat array antenna |
| CN112701471B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-03 | 电子科技大学 | All-dielectric integrated ultra-wideband low-profile polymorphic conformal phased array antenna |
| CN112701494B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-03-15 | 电子科技大学 | All-dielectric integrated planar ultra-wideband low-profile wide-angle scanning phased array antenna |
| CN112952374B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-10-22 | 电子科技大学 | Ferrite-loaded dual-polarized low-profile strong-coupling ultra-wideband phased array antenna |
| CN113517560B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2023-05-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | Millimeter wave array antenna capable of scanning at wide angle |
| CN114883785B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-09-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Thin dual-polarization ultra-wide bandwidth angle scanning array antenna |
| CN115313028B (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2023-09-01 | 深圳市飞宇信电子有限公司 | Ultra-wideband antenna applied to 2G/3G/4G/5G frequency bands |
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