CN110008560B - Blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method - Google Patents
Blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110008560B CN110008560B CN201910243223.3A CN201910243223A CN110008560B CN 110008560 B CN110008560 B CN 110008560B CN 201910243223 A CN201910243223 A CN 201910243223A CN 110008560 B CN110008560 B CN 110008560B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method, which comprises the following steps: determining each mode according to the modal order n to be measuredM stress regions with large stress in the paster zone of the blade; respectively establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking a peak stress point of each order mode in each stress area as a coordinate origin, taking the projection of a main stress direction of the peak stress point on the surface of the blade as an X-axis of the coordinate system and taking the external normal direction of the peak stress point as a Z-axis, wherein the coordinate origin is a potential dynamic stress measuring point; for each potential station, according to the formula:
calculating stress proportionality coefficients of the strain proportionality coefficients under all modes to be measured; and (3) carrying out weighted scoring on the obtained (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n stress proportion coefficients, sequencing all potential measuring points according to a weighted scoring result, wherein the scores are priorities selected for the potential measuring points from high to low, and determining the final measuring points and the patch directions of the strain gauges thereof according to the actually required number of the measuring points. The method realizes that one measuring point simultaneously measures the multi-order modes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of blade dynamic stress measurement, in particular to a blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method.
Background
Fig. 1 to fig. 3 are schematic views of typical axial flow fan blades and axial flow compressor blades (the axial flow compressor blades and the axial flow fan blades have substantially the same structure, and are both shown in fig. 1), centrifugal blades, structures of axial flow turbine blades, and regions where blades can be attached. Blade development typically requires dynamic stress measurements on the blade to determine the vibration level of the blade and thus further determine the high cycle fatigue life of the blade. In order to improve the efficiency of the dynamic stress measurement test, reduce the test period and reduce the influence of the patch and the lead on the vibration characteristics of the blade, it is desirable to obtain enough test data through as few test points as possible, that is, to measure the test data of the frequency, the strain and the like of enough multi-order modes by using as few test points as possible.
In the prior art, one measuring point is usually measured corresponding to a first-order mode, which is limited by the structural size of the blade and a testing instrument, and the survival rate of the strain gauge in the test is considered, only a few orders of modes can be measured in one test, and if the number of orders of the modes to be measured is more, multiple tests need to be carried out.
In the prior art, one measuring point corresponds to a first-order mode for measurement, only a limited number of modes can be measured in one test, if the number of modal orders to be measured is large, multiple tests need to be carried out, the test period is long, and the cost of manpower, material resources and time is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method, which aims to solve the technical problems of long test period, high labor, material and time costs of the existing dynamic stress measuring test.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method comprises the following steps: s10: determining m stress regions with large stress of each-order mode in a region, where a blade can be attached, of the blade according to the mode order n to be measured; s20: respectively establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking a peak stress point of each order mode in each stress area as a coordinate origin, taking the projection of a main stress direction of the peak stress point on the surface of the blade as an X-axis of the coordinate system and taking the external normal direction of the peak stress point as a Z-axis, wherein m X n local rectangular coordinate systems are shared, the coordinate origin is a potential dynamic stress measuring point, and the X direction is the patch direction of the potential dynamic stress measuring point; s30: for each potential dynamic stress measuring point, according to the formula:
and calculating the stress proportionality coefficients of the strain gauges under all modes to be measured, wherein the stress proportionality coefficients are (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n, wherein: k is ni -stress proportionality coefficient of the ith potential dynamic stress measurement point in the nth order mode along the patch direction; sigma ni The stress component of the ith potential dynamic stress measuring point in the nth-order mode along the patch direction of the ith potential dynamic stress measuring point; max (sigma) n ) -maximum stress on the blade in the nth order mode; s40: and (3) carrying out weighted scoring on the obtained (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n stress proportion coefficients, sequencing all potential dynamic stress measuring points according to a weighted scoring result, wherein the scores are priorities selected for the potential dynamic stress measuring points from high to low, and determining the final measuring points and the patch directions of the strain gauges thereof according to the number of actually required measuring points.
Further, step S10 specifically includes the following steps: s101: determining the modal order n of the blade to be measured; s102: determining a paster-mountable area where the strain gauge can be attached on the blade according to the size specification of the selected strain gauge and the specific structural form of the blade; s103: and respectively carrying out region division according to the stress concentration region in the paster region of each order of modes to determine m stress regions with large stress.
Further, in step S101, determining a mode order n of the blade to be measured through finite element analysis; in step S103, m stress regions where the stress is large are determined by finite element analysis.
Further, in step S103, a maximum stress region with the largest stress and a second largest stress region with the second largest stress are determined from the m stress regions, and peak stress points of each order mode in the maximum stress region and the second largest stress region are obtained through finite element analysis.
Further, in step S103, a maximum stress region with the largest stress is determined from the m stress regions, and a peak stress point of each order mode in the maximum stress region is obtained through finite element analysis.
Further, in step S20, a rectangular coordinate system is established according to the right-hand rule.
Further, in step S30, the maximum stress on the blade in the nth-order mode is the maximum equivalent stress or the maximum van-equivalent stress or the maximum comprehensive stress.
Further, step S40 specifically includes the following steps: s401: calculating to obtain (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n stress proportion coefficients; s402: carrying out weighted scoring on the (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n stress scale coefficients obtained by calculation; s403: sequencing all potential dynamic stress measuring points according to the weighted scoring result, wherein the scores from high to low are priorities selected by the potential dynamic stress measuring points; s404: and determining the final measuring points and the mounting direction of the strain gauge according to the number of actually required measuring points.
Further, in step S401, (m × n) × n stress scale coefficients are calculated by programming a corresponding computer program.
Further, in step S402, weighting and scoring are performed in a manner that different weights are given according to the scale factor greater than different values; or weighted scoring in such a way that the number of modes with a scaling factor larger than a given value is different and different weights are given.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method, the peak stress point of each order mode in each stress area is taken as the origin of coordinates, and each stress area is an area with larger stress of each order mode in a paster area of the blade, so that the origin of coordinates is a potential dynamic stress measuring point, and the X direction is the paster direction of the potential dynamic stress measuring point, therefore, in the blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method, because the area with larger stress of a required measuring mode is considered when determining the potential dynamic stress measuring point, the selected potential dynamic stress measuring point can be ensured to have larger stress proportionality coefficient to multi-order modes, one measuring point can be simultaneously measured corresponding to the multi-order modes, the number of times of tests required during dynamic stress measurement is further reduced, the test period is greatly shortened, the labor, material and time costs are reduced, the precision of test data is improved, and accurate data reference is provided for further determining the high-cycle fatigue life of the blade; when the stress proportion coefficient of each potential dynamic stress measuring point is calculated, the stress proportion coefficient of the potential dynamic stress measuring point in the direction of the patch under all the modes to be measured is calculated, so that the finally determined measuring point can be ensured to have larger stress proportion coefficient to as many modes as possible, one measuring point can be simultaneously measured corresponding to as many modes as possible, the number of times of tests required to be carried out during dynamic stress measurement is further reduced, the test period is greatly shortened, the labor, material and time costs are reduced, and the precision of test data is improved; the confirmation of the final measuring point is determined according to the weighting and grading result of the stress proportion coefficient, and the finally determined measuring point can be ensured to have a larger stress proportion coefficient to as many modes as possible, so that one measuring point can simultaneously correspond to as many modes as possible for measurement, the times of tests required to be carried out during dynamic stress measurement are further reduced, the test period is greatly shortened, the labor, material and time costs are reduced, and the precision of test data is improved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an axial flow fan blade or axial flow compressor blade configuration and a patchable area of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a centrifugal impeller blade configuration and a chip-capable area of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an axial turbine blade configuration and a chip area of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a maximum stress region and a second maximum stress region on a blade;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the results of centrifugal impeller blade dynamic stress measurements.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
1-5, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a blade dynamic stress measurement point determination method, comprising the steps of:
s10: according to the modal order n to be measured, m stress regions with large stress of each order of mode in the paster region of the blade are determined;
s20: respectively establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking a peak stress point of each order mode in each stress area as a coordinate origin, taking the projection of a main stress direction of the peak stress point on the surface of the blade as an X-axis of the coordinate system and taking the external normal direction of the peak stress point as a Z-axis, wherein m X n local rectangular coordinate systems are shared, the coordinate origin is a potential dynamic stress measuring point, and the X direction is the patch direction of the potential dynamic stress measuring point;
s30: for each potential actionStress measuring point, according to the formula:
and calculating the stress proportionality coefficients of the strain gauges under all modes to be measured, wherein the stress proportionality coefficients are (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n, wherein:
K ni the stress proportionality coefficient of the ith potential dynamic stress measuring point in the nth-order mode along the patch direction of the ith potential dynamic stress measuring point;
σ ni -the stress component of the ith potential dynamic stress test point in the nth order mode along the patch direction;
max(σ n ) -maximum stress on the blade in the nth order mode;
s40: and (3) carrying out weighted scoring on the obtained (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n stress proportion coefficients, sequencing all potential dynamic stress measuring points according to a weighted scoring result, wherein the scores are priorities selected for the potential dynamic stress measuring points from high to low, and determining the final measuring points and the patch directions of the strain gauges thereof according to the number of actually required measuring points.
In the blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method, the peak stress point of each order mode in each stress area is taken as the origin of coordinates, and each stress area is an area with larger stress in a paster area of the blade in each order mode, so that the origin of coordinates can be taken as a potential dynamic stress measuring point, and the X direction is the paster direction of the potential dynamic stress measuring point;
when the stress proportion coefficient of each potential dynamic stress measuring point is calculated, the stress proportion coefficient of the potential dynamic stress measuring point in all the modes needing to be measured and along the direction of the patch is calculated, so that the finally determined measuring point can be ensured to have larger stress proportion coefficient to as many modes as possible, one measuring point can be simultaneously measured corresponding to as many modes as possible, the number of times of tests needing to be carried out during dynamic stress measurement is further reduced, the test period is greatly shortened, the labor, material and time costs are reduced, and the precision of test data is improved;
the confirmation of the final measuring point is determined according to the weighting and grading result of the stress proportion coefficient, and the finally determined measuring point can be ensured to have a larger stress proportion coefficient to as many modes as possible, so that one measuring point can simultaneously correspond to as many modes as possible for measurement, the times of tests required to be carried out during dynamic stress measurement are further reduced, the test period is greatly shortened, the labor, material and time costs are reduced, and the precision of test data is improved.
Optionally, step S10 specifically includes the following steps:
s101: determining the modal order n of the blade to be measured;
s102: determining a paster-mountable area where the strain gauge can be attached on the blade according to the size specification of the selected strain gauge and the specific structural form of the blade;
s103: and respectively carrying out region division in the region where the patch can be formed in each-order mode according to the stress concentration region, and determining m stress regions with large stress.
Preferably, in step S101, the modal order n of the blade to be measured is determined by finite element analysis. In step S103, m stress regions where each order mode is more stressed in the tile-able region are determined by finite element analysis. The finite element analysis method is adopted to determine the modal order n required to be measured by the blade and m stress regions with larger stress of each order of mode in the paster region, compared with an empirical method or other methods, the method can ensure that the calculation result has high precision, shorten the required determination time and improve the test efficiency.
Preferably, in step S103, a maximum stress region with the largest stress and a second largest stress region with the second largest stress are determined from the m stress regions, and peak stress points of each order of mode in the maximum stress region and the second largest stress region are obtained through finite element analysis. The maximum stress area and the second maximum stress area of the mode to be measured are considered when the potential dynamic stress measuring points are determined, so that the selected potential dynamic stress measuring points can be ensured to have larger stress proportion coefficients for more modes, the measurement of one measuring point corresponding to more modes is realized, the number of times of tests required to be carried out during dynamic stress measurement is further reduced, the test period is greatly shortened, the labor cost, the material resource cost and the time cost are reduced, the precision of test data is improved, and accurate data reference is provided for further determining the high cycle fatigue life of the blade. When the finite element analysis method is adopted to determine the peak stress points of each order of mode in the maximum stress area and the second maximum stress area, compared with an empirical method or other methods, the method can ensure that the calculation result has high precision, shorten the required determination time and improve the test efficiency.
Preferably, in step S103, the maximum stress region with the largest stress is determined from the m stress regions, and the peak stress point of each order mode in the maximum stress region is obtained through finite element analysis. The maximum stress region of the mode to be measured is considered when the potential dynamic stress measuring points are determined, so that the selected potential dynamic stress measuring points have larger stress proportion coefficients for more modes, the measurement of one measuring point corresponding to more modes is realized, the times of experiment development required during dynamic stress measurement are further reduced, the test period is greatly shortened, the labor, material and time costs are reduced, the precision of test data is improved, and accurate data reference is provided for further determining the high cycle fatigue life of the blade. When the finite element analysis method is adopted to determine the peak stress point of each order mode in the maximum stress area, compared with an empirical method or other methods, the method can ensure that the calculation result has high precision, shorten the required determination time and improve the test efficiency.
Alternatively, in step S20, a rectangular coordinate system is established according to the right-hand rule, and then m × n local rectangular coordinate systems are shared, and the coordinate origin is the potential dynamic stress measuring point, and the X direction is the patch direction of the potential dynamic stress measuring point. The peak stress point of each order mode in each stress area is taken as the origin of coordinates, and each stress area is an area with larger stress in the paster area of the blade in each order mode, so that the origin of coordinates can be a potential dynamic stress measuring point, and the X direction is the paster direction of the potential dynamic stress measuring point.
Optionally, in step S30, the maximum stress on the blade in the nth-order mode is the maximum equivalent stress or the maximum van-equivalent stress or the maximum comprehensive stress. In practical application, a tester can select the maximum stress as the maximum equivalent stress, the maximum van-der equivalent stress or the maximum comprehensive stress according to requirements, so that the application range of the dynamic stress measuring point determining method is widened. The maximum combined stress is generally the first principal stress or the third principal stress which can be directly calculated in finite element software.
Optionally, step S40 specifically includes the following steps:
s401: calculating to obtain (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n stress proportion coefficients;
s402: carrying out weighted scoring on the (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n stress scale coefficients obtained by calculation;
s403: sequencing all the coordinate origin points according to the weighted scoring result, wherein the scores are the priorities selected by the potential dynamic stress measuring points from high to low;
s404: and determining the final measuring points and the mounting direction of the strain gauge according to the number of actually required measuring points.
Preferably, in step S401, by compiling a corresponding computer program, the (m × n) × n stress proportionality coefficients are calculated, so as to improve the calculation rate and accuracy and reduce the difficulty of calculation for personnel.
Specifically, in step S402, weighting and scoring are performed in a manner that different weights are given according to a scale factor larger than different numerical values; or the weighting scoring is carried out in a manner that different weights are given to different modes with the proportion coefficient larger than a given value. In practical application, a tester can also perform weighted scoring on the (m × n) × n stress scale coefficients according to other weighted scoring modes.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10: according to the modal order n to be measured, m stress regions with large stress of each order of mode in the paster region of the blade are determined;
s20: respectively establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking a peak stress point of each order mode in each stress area as a coordinate origin, taking the projection of a main stress direction of the peak stress point on the surface of the blade as an X-axis of the coordinate system and taking the external normal direction of the peak stress point as a Z-axis, wherein m X n local rectangular coordinate systems are shared, the coordinate origin is a potential dynamic stress measuring point, and the X direction is the patch direction of the potential dynamic stress measuring point;
s30: for each potential dynamic stress measuring point, according to the formula:
and calculating the stress proportionality coefficients of the strain gauges under all modes to be measured, wherein the stress proportionality coefficients are (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n, wherein:
K ni the stress proportionality coefficient of the ith potential dynamic stress measuring point in the nth-order mode along the patch direction of the ith potential dynamic stress measuring point;
σ ni -the stress component of the ith potential dynamic stress test point in the nth order mode along the patch direction;
max(σ n ) -maximum stress on the blade in the nth order mode;
s40: and (3) carrying out weighted scoring on the obtained (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n stress proportion coefficients, sequencing all potential dynamic stress measuring points according to a weighted scoring result, wherein the scores are priorities selected for the potential dynamic stress measuring points from high to low, and determining the final measuring points and the patch directions of the strain gauges thereof according to the number of actually required measuring points.
2. The blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method according to claim 1, wherein the step S10 specifically comprises the following steps:
s101: determining the modal order n of the blade to be measured;
s102: determining a paster-mountable area where the strain gauge can be attached on the blade according to the size specification of the selected strain gauge and the specific structural form of the blade;
s103: and respectively carrying out region division according to the stress concentration region in the paster region of each order of modes to determine m stress regions with large stress.
3. The blade dynamic stress measurement point determining method according to claim 2,
in the step S101, determining a mode order n required to be measured by the blade through finite element analysis;
in step S103, m stress regions with large stress are determined by finite element analysis.
4. The blade dynamic stress measurement point determining method according to claim 2,
in step S103, a maximum stress region with the maximum stress and a second maximum stress region with the second maximum stress are determined from the m stress regions, and peak stress points of each order mode in the maximum stress region and the second maximum stress region are obtained through finite element analysis.
5. The blade dynamic stress measurement point determining method according to claim 2,
in step S103, a maximum stress region with the largest stress is determined from the m stress regions, and a peak stress point of each order mode in the maximum stress region is obtained through finite element analysis.
6. The blade dynamic stress measurement point determining method according to claim 1,
in step S20, a rectangular coordinate system is established according to the right-hand rule.
7. The blade dynamic stress measurement point determining method according to claim 1,
in the step S30, the maximum stress on the blade in the nth-order mode is the maximum equivalent stress or the maximum van der waals equivalent stress or the maximum comprehensive stress.
8. The blade dynamic stress measuring point determining method according to claim 1, wherein the step S40 specifically comprises the following steps:
s401: calculating to obtain (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n stress proportion coefficients;
s402: carrying out weighted scoring on the (m multiplied by n) multiplied by n stress scale coefficients obtained by calculation;
s403: sequencing all potential dynamic stress measuring points according to the weighted scoring result, wherein the scores are priorities selected for the potential dynamic stress measuring points from high to low;
s404: and determining the final measuring points and the pasting direction of the strain gauge according to the number of actually required measuring points.
9. The blade dynamic stress measurement point determining method according to claim 8,
in step S401, (m × n) × n stress scale coefficients are calculated by programming a corresponding computer program.
10. The blade dynamic stress measurement point determining method according to claim 8,
in the step S402, weighting and scoring are performed in a manner that different weights are given to values with a scale factor larger than that of the values; or
The weighted scoring is performed in such a manner that the number of modes whose scale factors are larger than a given value is different and different weights are given.
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