CN110007342A - A kind of direct first break picking method and system of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal - Google Patents
A kind of direct first break picking method and system of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of direct first break picking method and system of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal, belong to seismic exploration technique field.The present invention carries out time-frequency direct transform to Low SNR signal first；Then noise adaptive attenuation is carried out in time-frequency domain；Finally, having the characteristics that same waveform characterization in the coefficient stack response and time-domain of time-frequency domain according to seismic signal, is directly utilized in time-frequency domain and first break pickup is carried out based on statistical method.It is adaptive that the present invention has the characteristics that the speed of service is fast, manual intervention is few, by the accurate first arrival position of the low signal-noise ratio data of acquisition, the accuracy of the seismic processings results such as subsequent passive source seismic source location, velocity analysis and the tomography of the not good enough target area of acquisition quality will be promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of direct first break picking method and system, belong to seismic exploration technique field, and in particular to one
Kind is used for the direct first break picking method and system of time-frequency domain of low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal.
Background technique
Seismic signal first break pickup refers to the then pickup to seismic signal first arrival waveform, is field of seismic exploration most base
This one of data processing method picks up precision and determines the earthquakes such as passive source seismic source location, velocity analysis and tomography
The accuracy of processing result.Traditional energy ratio function, the first break pickup method based on demographic information are higher in Signal-to-Noise
In the case where can obtain higher pickup precision, but when Signal-to-Noise reduces, the pickup precision of conventional method is also corresponding
It reduces, in order to improve the pickup precision of Low SNR signal first arrival, many new methods are introduced into, wherein based on time frequency analysis
First break pickup method is also widely used.
Currently, the Low SNR signal first break pickup method based on time frequency analysis is broadly divided into two major classes, it is specific as follows:
Existing method 1:
Step (1)-(3) are repeated by road to the collected seismic signal of each wave detector:
(1) initial data is converted into time-frequency domain, time frequency analysis is carried out to initial data；
(2) the higher signal of signal-to-noise ratio is picked out from the signal that time-frequency domain decomposites multiple frequency bands (scale)；
(3) first break pickup is carried out to the high s/n ratio signal selected using conventional method.
The shortcomings that existing method 1:
(1) it selects the corresponding seismic data of the higher scale of signal-to-noise ratio and excessively relies on human intervention；
(2) it picks up every time and needs to signal while carrying out time-frequency positive inverse transform, it is more time-consuming.
Existing method 2:
Step (1)-(3) are repeated by road to the collected seismic signal of each wave detector:
(1) initial data is converted into time-frequency domain by time-frequency conversion；
(2) have the characteristics that difference of coefficients is made an uproar in time-frequency domain selection appropriate threshold decaying in time-frequency domain using signal and noise
Sound, inversion shift to time-domain；
(3) first break pickup is carried out to the pressed signal of noise using conventional method.
The shortcomings that existing method 2:
(1) the noise pressing process of per pass signal needs while carrying out time-frequency positive inverse transform, more time-consuming；
(2) the excessive dependence human intervention of threshold value selection during denoising.
In conclusion a kind of quick, adaptive first break picking method for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal is provided, with solution
The certainly above problem is seismic exploration technique field problem in the urgent need to address.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the invention discloses the time-frequencies for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal
The direct first break picking method in domain.The present invention carries out time-frequency direct transform to Low SNR signal first；Then it makes an uproar in time-frequency domain
Sound adaptive attenuation；Finally, the coefficient stack response and time-domain according to seismic signal in time-frequency domain are characterized with same waveform
The characteristics of, it is directly utilized in time-frequency domain and first break pickup is carried out based on statistical method.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of direct first break picking method of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, initial data is transferred to by time-frequency domain by time-frequency direct transform；
Step 2, carry out noise using adaptive noise reduction method to suppress；
Step 3, it is directly utilized in time-frequency domain and first break pickup is carried out based on statistical method.
Preferably, the time-frequency direct transform in the step 1 is including but not limited to wavelet transformation, the time-frequencies direct transform such as S transformation
Method is based on formula 1:
In formula, d (t) represents time-domain signal, Xs(a, b) is corresponding wavelet coefficient, and y* indicates the multiple total of morther wavelet y (t)
Yoke, what morther wavelet herein was selected is Ricker wavelet similar with seismic wavelet signal；B represents the time shift measurement of morther wavelet；
A represents the change of scale measurement of morther wavelet.
Preferably, the noise attentuation in the step 2 includes following sub-step:
Step 2.1, it is selected at random from the time-frequency numeric field data converted by step 1 together, calculates threshold value using formula 2:
λ=α s formula 2；
In formula, threshold value λ is expressed as the product of α and s, and s is indicated in standardized normal distribution in three standard deviations of average or so
In the range of probability density function area under the curve and the gross area ratio, α is calibrating parameters, appoint take one of seismic signal true
Determine the value of α；
Step 2.2, all trace gathers are traversed in the coefficient value of time-frequency domain, the threshold calculated if it is greater than through the above steps 2.1
Value λ, then retain, and otherwise, takes it zero setting or a certain proportion of attenuation processing.
Preferably, include following sub-step based on statistical first break pickup in the step 3:
Step 3.1, by improved AIC (akaike information criterion) method, each trace gather is sought
QAIC vector, such as formula 3:
QAIC(i)=1/ { log10 [var (tw1)]/log10[var(tw2)] k formula 3；
In formula, tw1And tw2The data of window when respectively indicating adjacent in trace gather to be processed two, var () expression are sought
Variance, k are constant.
Step 3.2, the maximum value in the corresponding QAIC vector of each trace gather is calculated, that is, corresponds to the first arrival time of each trace gather
Position.
The direct first break picking system of a kind of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal, which is characterized in that including following
Module:
Initial data is transferred to time-frequency domain by time-frequency direct transform by time-frequency direct transform module；
Noise attenuation module is carried out noise using adaptive noise reduction method and is suppressed；
First break pickup module directly utilizes in time-frequency domain and carries out first break pickup based on statistical method.
Preferably, when the time-frequency direct transform module carries out time-frequency direct transform, using including but not limited to wavelet transformation, S
The time-frequencies direct transform methods such as transformation are based on formula 1:
In formula, d (t) represents time-domain signal, Xs(a, b) is corresponding wavelet coefficient, y*Indicate the multiple total of morther wavelet y (t)
Yoke, what morther wavelet herein was selected is Ricker wavelet similar with seismic wavelet signal；B represents the time shift measurement of morther wavelet；
A represents the change of scale measurement of morther wavelet.
Preferably, the noise attenuation module includes:
Threshold value acquiring unit: it selects together, utilizes at random from the time-frequency numeric field data converted by time-frequency direct transform module
Formula 1 calculates threshold value:
λ=α s formula 2；
In formula, threshold value λ is expressed as the product of α and s, and s is indicated in standardized normal distribution in three standard deviations of average or so
In the range of probability density function area under the curve and the gross area ratio, α is calibrating parameters, appoint take one of seismic signal true
Determine the value of α；
Data processing unit: traversing all trace gathers in the coefficient value of time-frequency domain, if it is greater than passing through threshold value acquiring unit meter
The threshold value λ of calculation, then retain, and otherwise, takes it zero setting or a certain proportion of attenuation processing.
Preferably, the first break pickup module includes:
QAIC vector acquiring unit: it is sought based on improved AIC (akaike information criterion) method
The QAIC vector of each trace gather, such as formula 3:
QAIC(i)=1/ { log10 [var (tw1)]/log10[var(tw2)] k, formula 3；
In formula, tw1And tw2The data of window when respectively indicating adjacent in trace gather to be processed two, var () expression are sought
Variance, k are constant.
First arrival time position acquisition unit: calculating the maximum value in the corresponding QAIC vector of each trace gather, i.e., corresponding each
The first arrival time position of trace gather.
Therefore, the invention has the following advantages that the 1, present invention has the adaptive spy that the speed of service is fast, manual intervention is few
Point is shaken the subsequent passive source for promoting the not good enough target area of acquisition quality by the accurate first arrival position of the low signal-noise ratio data of acquisition
The accuracy of the seismic processings results such as source positioning, velocity analysis and tomography；2, of the invention by traditional first break pickup meter
It calculates domain and time-frequency domain is converted to by time-domain, eliminate in traditional Low SNR signal first break pickup method based on time-frequency conversion
Time-frequency inverse transformation process, therefore calculating cost is largely reduced, improve the efficiency of algorithm；3, the present invention is in threshold value
It denoises in step, it is only necessary to which the threshold value of analytical calculation wherein any one track data can be applied to all trace gather data, largely
On reduce manual intervention.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the direct first break picking method flow diagram of time-frequency domain of the invention；
Fig. 2 is simulation noise-free signal in the stack response of time-frequency domain and the comparison diagram of time-domain signal；
Fig. 3 a is the pickup result that tradition aic method is applied to simulation noise-free signal；
Fig. 3 b is the pickup result that the method for the present invention is applied to simulation noise-free signal；
Fig. 3 c is the first break pickup comparing result that tradition aic and the method for the present invention are applied to simulation noise-free signal；
Fig. 4 a is the pickup result that tradition aic method is applied to simulation Low SNR signal；
Fig. 4 b is the pickup result that the method for the present invention is applied to simulation Low SNR signal；
Fig. 4 c is the first break pickup comparing result that tradition aic and the method for the present invention are applied to simulation Low SNR signal；
Fig. 5 a is the pickup result that the method for the present invention is applied to practical Low SNR signal；
Fig. 5 b is the first break pickup result calibration comparison diagram that the method for the present invention is applied to practical Low SNR signal.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of direct first break picking method of of the invention time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal and being
System, basic step are as follows:
1) initial data is transferred to by time-frequency domain by time-frequency direct transform；
2) carry out noise using adaptive noise reduction method to suppress；
3) it is directly utilized in time-frequency domain and first break pickup is carried out based on statistical method；
Hereafter above-mentioned steps are carried out and are specifically described:
Initial data is transferred to time-frequency domain described in step 01, it can be through but not limited to the time-frequency conversions such as wavelet transformation reality
It is existing, as shown in formula (1):
In formula, d (t) represents time-domain signal, Xs(a, b) is corresponding wavelet coefficient, y*Indicate the multiple total of morther wavelet y (t)
Yoke, what morther wavelet herein was selected is Ricker wavelet similar with seismic wavelet signal；B represents the time shift measurement of morther wavelet；
A represents the change of scale measurement of morther wavelet.
Carry out noise using adaptive noise reduction method described in step 02 to suppress:
Noise compacting includes the following steps:
(A) is selected together at random from the time-frequency numeric field data converted by formula (1), calculates threshold value using formula (2):
λ=α s, (2)
In formula, threshold value λ is expressed as the product of α and s, and s is indicated in standardized normal distribution in three standard deviations of average or so
In the range of probability density function area under the curve and the gross area ratio, α is calibrating parameters, can determine α by 3~5 tentative calculations
Value.
(B) traverses all trace gathers in the coefficient value of time-frequency domain, if it is greater than the threshold value λ that (A) through the above steps is calculated,
Then retain, otherwise, takes it zero setting or a certain proportion of attenuation processing.
Step 03, included the following steps: based on statistical first break pickup
(A) is sought each in time-frequency domain by improved AIC (akaike information criterion) method
The QAIC vector of trace gather, shown in calculating process such as formula (3):
QAIC(i)=1/ { log10 [var (tw1)]/log10[var(tw2)] k, (3)
In formula, tw1And tw2The data of window when respectively indicating adjacent in trace gather to be processed two, var () expression are sought
Variance, wherein when window size can be chosen according to the dominant frequency width of seismic signal, k is constant.
(B) calculates the maximum value in time-frequency domain in the corresponding QAIC vector of each trace gather, according to seismic signal in time-frequency domain
Coefficient stack response and time-domain have the characteristics that same waveform characterization, as shown in Figure 2 (in figure broken line be original time
Domain signal, short section dotted line indicate the time-frequency coefficients response of superposition), the maximum value of each trace gather QAIC vector corresponds in time-frequency domain
Its first arrival time position.
So far low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal is completed in the direct first break pickup of time-frequency domain.
Hereafter the present invention is verified by model and real data respectively.
Verifying is carried out to method of the invention first is that carrying out numerical simulation:
In order to demarcate and the accuracy of subsequent authentication the method for the present invention, it is utilized respectively traditional aic method and the method for the present invention
First break pickup is carried out to simulation noise free data.Wherein, the data track number used is simulated as 49, sample rate 0.001s, is acquired altogether
0.9s.Comparing result is as shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b are the first break pickup calibration maps that tradition aic and the method for the present invention are applied to simulation noise-free signal,
Plus sige is the pickup result of tradition aic method in Fig. 3 a；Plus sige is that the method for the present invention picks up result in Fig. 3 b；Fig. 3 c is the two
Comparison, compares for clarity, only retains and picks up as a result, wherein plus sige and circle respectively represent picking up for this method and tradition aic method
Fetch bit is set, comparison as can be seen that two methods that result is picked up in muting signal is identical.
Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b and Fig. 4 c are the first break pickup that tradition aic and the method for the present invention are applied to simulation Low SNR signal
Comparison diagram, wherein low signal-noise ratio data is constructed by increasing the noise energy that signal-to-noise ratio is 1 on the basis of Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b.Figure
Plus sige is the pickup result of tradition aic method in 4a；Plus sige is that the method for the present invention picks up result in Fig. 4 b；Fig. 4 c is the two and figure
The comparison diagram of 3a and Fig. 3 b calibration result, compares for clarity, also only retains herein and picks up as a result, plus sige indicates that knot is picked up in calibration
Fruit, open circles and filled circles respectively indicate the pickup of this method and tradition aic method as a result, comparison can be seen that this method and nothing
Pickup result under noise situations essentially coincides, and conventional method has 5/49 or so picking error.
Second is that by actual acquisition to low signal-noise ratio data verifying is carried out to the method that designs of the present invention:
Fig. 5 a is that the method for the present invention is applied to the pickup of practical Low SNR signal as a result, wherein plus sige indicates first break pickup
Position.
In order to further verify the pickup effect of the method for the present invention, above-mentioned same real data is carried out at noise attentuation
Reason, and be plotted in result is picked up in the signal after noise attentuation, as shown in Figure 5 b, Fig. 5 b is that the method for the present invention is applied in fact
The first break pickup result of border Low SNR signal demarcates comparison diagram, can be reflected to a certain extent according to the comparing result of Fig. 5 b
The method of the present invention is applied to the robustness of practical Low SNR signal first break pickup.
Finally, it should be noted that the example of the above numerical simulation and actual acquisition data is to the purpose of the present invention, technology
Scheme and beneficial effect provide further verifying, this only belongs to specific implementation example of the invention, are not used to limit
Protection scope of the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification made, improvement or equivalent replacement etc.,
It should be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of direct first break picking method of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, initial data is transferred to by time-frequency domain by time-frequency direct transform；
Step 2, carry out noise using adaptive noise reduction method to suppress；
Step 3, it is directly utilized in time-frequency domain and first break pickup is carried out based on statistical method.
2. a kind of direct first break picking method of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the time-frequency direct transform in the step 1 is based on including but not limited to wavelet transformation, S-transformation time-frequency direct transform method
Formula 1:
In formula, d (t) represents time-domain signal, Xs(a, b) is corresponding wavelet coefficient, ψ*Indicate the complex conjugate of morther wavelet ψ (t), this
What the morther wavelet at place was selected is Ricker wavelet similar with seismic wavelet signal；B represents the time shift measurement of morther wavelet；A is represented
The change of scale of morther wavelet is measured.
3. a kind of direct first break picking method of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the noise attentuation in the step 2 includes following sub-step:
Step 2.1, it is selected at random from the time-frequency numeric field data converted by step 1 together, calculates threshold value using formula 2:
λ=α s formula 2；
In formula, threshold value λ is expressed as the product of α and s, and s indicates the model in standardized normal distribution in three standard deviations of average or so
The ratio of interior probability density function area under the curve and the gross area is enclosed, α is calibrating parameters, appoints and one of seismic signal is taken to can determine α
Value；
Step 2.2, all trace gathers are traversed in the coefficient value of time-frequency domain, the threshold value λ calculated if it is greater than through the above steps 2.1,
Then retain, otherwise, takes it zero setting or a certain proportion of attenuation processing.
4. a kind of direct first break picking method of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, it includes following sub-step that statistical first break pickup is based in the step 3:
Step 3.1, by improved AIC (akaike information criterion) method, each trace gather is sought
QAIC vector, such as formula 3:
QAIC(i)=1/ { [var (t of log 10w1)]/log 10[var(tw2)]·k}
Formula 3；
In formula, tw1And tw2Variance, k are sought in the data of window when respectively indicating adjacent in trace gather to be processed two, var () expression
For constant；
Step 3.2, the maximum value in the corresponding QAIC vector of each trace gather is calculated, that is, corresponds to the first arrival time position of each trace gather
It sets.
5. a kind of direct first break picking system of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal, which is characterized in that including with lower die
Block:
Initial data is transferred to time-frequency domain by time-frequency direct transform by time-frequency direct transform module；
Noise attenuation module is carried out noise using adaptive noise reduction method and is suppressed；
First break pickup module directly utilizes in time-frequency domain and carries out first break pickup based on statistical method.
6. the direct first break picking system of a kind of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that, when the time-frequency direct transform module carries out time-frequency direct transform, using including but not limited to wavelet transformation, when S-transformation
Frequency direct transform method is based on formula 1:
In formula, d (t) represents time-domain signal, Xs(a, b) is corresponding wavelet coefficient, ψ*Indicate the complex conjugate of morther wavelet ψ (t), this
What the morther wavelet at place was selected is Ricker wavelet similar with seismic wavelet signal；B represents the time shift measurement of morther wavelet；A is represented
The change of scale of morther wavelet is measured.
7. the direct first break picking system of a kind of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that, the noise attenuation module includes:
Threshold value acquiring unit: it selects from the time-frequency numeric field data converted by time-frequency direct transform module together, is counted using formula 1 at random
Calculate threshold value:
λ=α s formula 2；
In formula, threshold value λ is expressed as the product of α and s, and s indicates the model in standardized normal distribution in three standard deviations of average or so
The ratio of interior probability density function area under the curve and the gross area is enclosed, α is calibrating parameters, appoints and one of seismic signal is taken to can determine α
Value；
Data processing unit: all trace gathers are traversed in the coefficient value of time-frequency domain, if it is greater than what is calculated by threshold value acquiring unit
Threshold value λ, then retain, and otherwise, takes it zero setting or a certain proportion of attenuation processing.
8. a kind of direct first break picking method of time-frequency domain for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic signal according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that, the first break pickup module includes:
QAIC vector acquiring unit: it is sought based on improved AIC (akaike information criterion) method each
The QAIC vector of trace gather, such as formula 3:
QAIC(i)=1/ { [var (t of log 10w1)]/log 10[var(tw2)] k, formula 3；
In formula, tw1And tw2Variance, k are sought in the data of window when respectively indicating adjacent in trace gather to be processed two, var () expression
For constant；
First arrival time position acquisition unit: the maximum value in the corresponding QAIC vector of each trace gather is calculated, that is, corresponds to each trace gather
First arrival time position.
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| 朱维 等: ""岩石超声检测信号初至的AIC自动拾取方法"", 《CT理论与应用研究》 * |
| 马晓峰: ""低信噪比微地震事件辨识与震相初至自动拾取方法"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库-基础科学辑》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111538082A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-14 | 吉林大学 | Automatic first arrival picking method for seismic wave time-frequency domain |
| CN111538082B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-07 | 吉林大学 | Automatic first arrival picking method for seismic wave time-frequency domain |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN110007342B (en) | 2020-12-15 |
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