CN110007330B - Method and system for gamma ray storm monitoring and positioning - Google Patents
Method and system for gamma ray storm monitoring and positioning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method and system for gamma ray storm monitoring and positioning (1) arranging a detector array on a satellite, and acquiring a theoretical response function of the detector array on the ground by adopting a theoretical analysis or test method; (2) after the satellite enters the orbit, when a gamma ray storm occurs, acquiring measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm; (3) and (2) reversely deducing the incidence direction of the gamma ray according to the theoretical response function of the detector array in the step (1) and the measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm, realizing the monitoring and positioning of the gamma ray storm, and solving the problem that the gamma ray storm can penetrate through the front end shielding and the spacecraft body structure of most of collimation type X-ray detection spacecrafts due to high energy, so that the gamma ray storm incident from all directions can cause the detector array to generate response, and the measurement of the incidence direction of the gamma ray storm is difficult through a collimation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a system for Gamma Ray storm monitoring and positioning, which are suitable for an on-orbit unknown GRB (Gamma Ray Burst) source monitoring and positioning of a collimation type X-Ray telescope spacecraft applying a composite crystal detector array, and belong to the technical field of unknown GRB source monitoring and positioning.
Background
(1)GRB
The gamma ray burst is a phenomenon that the intensity of gamma rays from a certain direction in space is suddenly increased in a short time and then is rapidly reduced, the radiation is mainly concentrated in an energy band of 0.1-100MeV, the duration is 0.01-1000 seconds, the 2 seconds are taken as a boundary, and the gamma ray burst can be roughly divided into a long burst (long burst) and a short burst (short burst), and the typical duration is respectively 30s and 0.3 s. Gamma ray storms were discovered in 1967, and to date, the nature of which was not well understood, but could be essentially defined as an outbreak that occurred in a star-level celestial body on a cosmic scale.
The spectrum and the light change curve of the gamma ray after long-distance transmission contain rich cosmic information and can be used as a tool for researching the cosmic: a) study of early re-ionization periods in the universe; b) studying the composition of the cosmic interplanetary medium; c) researching the formation history of stars; d) studying the geometry of the universe; e) studying the properties of the cosmic dark energy; f) cosmic parameters were measured. Gamma ray storms are currently one of the most active areas of research in astronomy.
(2) GRB Observation
The Vela military satellite, which emitted gamma rays in the united states in 1963, was aimed at monitoring gamma rays emitted by the earth nuclear test, but had first detected a burst of gamma rays from space in 1967. The fact of outer space gamma ray outbreaks was further confirmed in 1974 by Konus satellite observations in Soviet Union. The field of gamma ray exposure is born and is one of the main subjects of gamma ray astronomy.
In 1991 Compton satellites were launched by NASA, in which a total of about 3000 gamma ray storm events were observed with a mounted BATSE (burst and scintillation source detector, with an observation energy band of 20-1000 Kev).
In 1997, the BepposAx satellite, co-developed by Italy and the Netherlands, was put into use. This is a satellite designed specifically for gamma ray storm observation. Compared with BATSE, the device has the advantages of large field of view and high energy resolution, the observation precision of a 0.1-200KeV wave band is high, and the device can align the X-ray detector carried at the same time to the position of a gamma ray storm within a few hours after the gamma ray storm is found. And its largest contribution: x-ray afterglow of gamma ray riot (GRB970228) was found to benefit from this in 1997.
In 2004 NASA launched a Swift satellite designed specifically for gamma ray storm multi-band afterglow observation. The satellite has the characteristics of quick response and accurate positioning.
The Fermi satellite launched in the air in 2008 was developed by the cooperation of NASA and US Department of Energy, and the main scientific task of the Fermi satellite is to observe gamma ray storm in high Energy section. Two observation devices with large visual fields are carried along with the satellite, one is Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM Gamma ray storm monitoring device), the observation energy section of the observation device is 8-40KeV, and the positioning precision is about 5 degrees; the other is a Large Area Tclens (LAT Large-field telescope) with the observation energy section from 20MeV to 300GeV and the positioning precision of less than 1 degree.
The gamma ray exposure polarimeter (PoLAR) is a project developed by cooperation of China and Switzerland, is a special instrument for gamma ray exposure polarimetric observation in the world at present, and is launched and lifted in a Tiangong No. two space laboratory in 2016. The main objective is to determine a gamma ray explosion model or to perform constraint limitation on the explosion model by measuring the polarization of the gamma ray explosion.
(3) Existing GRB source positioning method
POLAR: the gamma-ray polarimeter POLAR developed by the high energy institute of the Chinese academy of sciences and the European cooperative organization is a detector instrument specially used for measuring gamma-ray polarization. POLAR uses the principle of Compton scattering to measure the degree and direction of linear polarization of polarized gamma photons. In the design, a plastic scintillator which is a material with low density, low atomic number and stable chemical and mechanical properties is selected as a detector material of the POLAR, an arrangement form of a plastic scintillator rod array is adopted in the design, and 1600 plastic scintillator rods are used in total, so that two-dimensional tracking can be performed on gamma photons which are incident and have Compton scattering, as shown in FIG. 1. For moderate to strong storms, the gamma storm orientation is determined with an accuracy of less than 5 °.
The fermi gamma ray space telescope carries two large field of view observation devices: a) Gamma-Ray Burst monitor, GBM. The GBM determines the orientation of the gamma ray storm by determining the relative count rates of the different NaI detectors and compares the measurements to a table of theoretical relative count rates for 1634 directions (about 5 ° resolution). The initial positioning can be calculated within 1.8 seconds with an accuracy of about 15. b) Large Area Telescope, LAT. The LAT principle of operation is shown in fig. 2. When gamma rays are incident, the LAT measures the trajectories of positrons and negative electrons, and measures the electron energies thereof. The LAT can be used to measure the gamma ray incidence direction, energy and arrival time. The LAT tracking/converter (TKR) is a device for measuring gamma ray incidence direction, and consists of 18 layers of Silicon Strip Detectors (SSDs) and interleaved tungsten foils, with which the LAT can reconstruct the Point Spread Function (PSF) of the gamma ray direction. The LAT measures the gamma ray incident direction with an accuracy of about 1.
The existing GRB source positioning method needs to use special measuring equipment, and is more complex in structure, heavier in weight and difficult to implement compared with a collimation type detector for X-ray detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and a method and a system for monitoring and positioning a gamma ray storm (GRB) are provided, for a collimation type X-ray telescope spacecraft applying a composite crystal detector array, the high-energy gamma ray storm can penetrate through a spacecraft structure and a collimator and directly reach the composite crystal detector array. For such spacecraft, gamma ray exposure in all directions can cause the composite crystal detector array to generate response, and the gamma ray exposure direction is difficult to measure by a collimation method. Aiming at the problems, the method for positioning the gamma ray storm incidence direction by the collimation type X-ray telescope spacecraft which can be used for applying the composite crystal detector array is provided, so that the spacecraft has the capability of positioning the gamma ray storm incidence direction, and the problem of detecting the gamma ray storm by the collimation type detector which is simple and light in structure is solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for monitoring and positioning a gamma ray storm comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging the detector array on a satellite, and acquiring a theoretical response function of the detector array on the ground by adopting a theoretical analysis or test method;
(2) after the satellite enters the orbit, when a gamma ray storm occurs, acquiring measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm;
(3) and (3) reversely deducing the incidence direction of the gamma ray according to the theoretical response function of the detector array in the step (1) and the measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm, and realizing the monitoring and positioning of the gamma ray storm.
Step (1) the detector array is arranged on a satellite, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the top of the satellite body is provided with a load cabin, and the detector array is arranged on the load cabin.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a theoretical response function of a detector array, specifically:
on the ground, a high-energy gamma ray penetrates through a front end shield of a detector or a satellite body to reach a detector array in a known direction by using an artificial gamma ray source, a measurement signal is formed in the detector array, and a detector response function is formed according to the relation between the direction of an external gamma ray and the measurement signal of the detector array. Or theoretically analyzing the shielding effect of the shielding of the front ends of the satellite and the detector, and simulating the relation between the incident direction of the gamma rays and the measurement signals of the detector array to form a response function.
After the satellite enters the orbit, when a gamma ray storm occurs, acquiring measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm, wherein the measurement data specifically comprises the following steps:
after the satellite enters the orbit, when a gamma ray storm occurs, the gamma ray passes through the front end shield of the detector or the satellite body to be incident to the detector array, and after the gamma ray is measured by the detector array, the measurement data is output.
The measurement data is generated by the following process: the gamma rays reach the detector array, each detector is excited to generate current or voltage which is in direct proportion to the intensity of the gamma rays, and the detector acquires the current or voltage to obtain the measurement data output by the detector array.
And (3) reversely deducing the incidence direction of the gamma ray according to the theoretical response function of the detector array in the step (1) and the measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm, so as to realize the monitoring and positioning of the gamma ray storm, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the shielding states of the detector shield and the satellite body in different directions are different, the response functions of the detector array in different directions are different, and when gamma rays are incident from different directions, the difference exists in measurement data in the detector due to the difference of the response functions of the detector array. And reversely deducing the direction of the gamma ray according to the difference of the measurement data of the detector, thereby realizing the positioning of the gamma ray storm.
According to the difference of the measured data of the detector, the direction of the gamma ray is reversely deduced, which comprises the following steps:
the measurement of gamma rays by the detector is the intensity of the gamma rays incident on the detector. For detector arrays that are completely exposed to space, the data measured by each detector in the detector array should be the same during a gamma ray exposure. However, for the detector array installed on the satellite and equipped with the front-end shield, since gamma rays incident to different detectors need to penetrate through satellite bodies or front-end shields with different thicknesses, attenuation generated by the gamma rays is different, and therefore, the intensity of the gamma rays incident to the detector array is different. And the difference corresponds to the incident direction, and the incident direction of the gamma ray can be reversely deduced by using the measured difference and the response function obtained in advance.
Step (1) the detector array is arranged on a satellite, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a load cabin is arranged at the top of the satellite body, and the detector array is installed on the load cabin. The detector array is composed of 18 detectors with the same structure, wherein the 18 detectors are distributed on an inner circle and an outer circle, the inner circle is distributed with 6 detectors, and the outer circle is distributed with 12 detectors. As shown in fig. 4.
The detector is particularly preferably: a collimation type detector for X-ray observation is mainly composed of a collimator (i.e. front end shield), a detection element (preferably a composite crystal) and a signal acquisition and processing circuit. The front end shield is used for blocking X-rays from a non-observation direction, the detection element can convert the X-rays, the gamma rays and the like into electric signals, and the electric signals are collected and processed by the signal collecting and processing circuit.
The gamma ray passes through the front end shield of the detector or the satellite body to reach the detector array, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the gamma ray storm can generate a large amount of high-energy gamma rays, and has the characteristics of extremely short wavelength, strong penetrating power, high energy carrying capacity and the like. Due to the characteristic of strong penetrating power, the density and the thickness of the front-end shield used for shielding X-rays on the satellite and the detector are not enough to block gamma rays, so that the gamma rays penetrate through the satellite body or the front-end shield to reach the detector array, but the penetration process can bring certain energy attenuation to the gamma rays.
According to the relation between the direction of the external gamma ray and the measurement signal of the detector array, a detector response function is formed, which is as follows:
for the ith detector, a theoretical measurement m (i) is obtained for each particular azimuth angle of incidence α and elevation angle of incidence θ. Traversing the values of alpha and theta according to a spherical space according to a preset interval to obtain m (i) with corresponding quantity. The corresponding relation between alpha, theta and the corresponding m (i) is the response function R (alpha, theta, i) of the detector.
The spacecraft is preferably a collimation type X-ray telescope spacecraft applying a composite crystal detector array, and specifically comprises the following components:
the spacecraft preferably adopts an alignment type X-ray telescope as a payload, and the payload is distributed on the surface of the spacecraft and used for observing cosmic X-rays. The collimation type X-ray telescope adopts a composite crystal as a detection element of X-rays. The spacecraft controls the attitude through the momentum wheel and the attitude control thruster, and the solar wing and the storage battery are used as energy sources to provide needed attitude and energy sources for the effective load.
A system for gamma ray storm monitoring localization, comprising: the device comprises a response function acquisition module, a measurement data acquisition module and a reverse-thrust module;
the response function acquisition module is used for laying the detector array on a satellite and acquiring a theoretical response function of the detector array on the ground;
the measurement data acquisition module is used for acquiring measurement data of the detector array in a gamma ray storm when the gamma ray storm occurs after the satellite enters the orbit;
and the backstepping module backsteps the incident direction of the gamma ray according to the theoretical response function of the detector array obtained by the response function obtaining module and the measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm obtained by the measurement data obtaining module, so as to realize the monitoring and positioning of the gamma ray storm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention does not depend on the shielding of gamma ray violence, and can greatly reduce the structure and the weight for shielding the gamma ray;
(2) the invention does not depend on the complex gamma ray tracking capability, and can greatly reduce the structure and the weight for the gamma ray tracking;
(3) according to the invention, the response function precision of the detector can be improved in the later stage, for example, after the satellite is launched, the high-precision modeling is carried out on the satellite body and the front-end shielding of the detector, the response function precision is improved, and thus the gamma ray storm positioning precision is improved.
(4) The invention obtains the response function by theoretical analysis of the satellite body and the front end shield of the detector and simulation calculation, and can verify the response function obtained by the test mutually, thereby improving the accuracy of the response function and the direction positioning accuracy of the gamma ray.
(5) According to the response function obtained through the test, the response function obtained through theoretical analysis can be subjected to model correction, and the theoretical analysis precision is improved. When the theoretical analysis precision is high enough, the test measurement is not carried out on the premise of ensuring the precision, so that the time and the cost for acquiring the response function are saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a POLAR measurement gamma ray exposure principle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the LAT operation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a measurement method proposed by the present invention;
figure 4 is a schematic view of a detector array of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a method and a system for monitoring and positioning a gamma ray storm, which comprises the steps of (1) arranging a detector array on a satellite, and acquiring a theoretical response function of the detector array on the ground by adopting a theoretical analysis or test method; (2) after the satellite enters the orbit, when a gamma ray storm occurs, acquiring measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm; (3) and (2) reversely deducing the incidence direction of the gamma ray according to the theoretical response function of the detector array in the step (1) and the measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm, realizing the monitoring and positioning of the gamma ray storm, and solving the problem that the gamma ray storm can penetrate through the front end shielding and the spacecraft body structure of most of collimation type X-ray detection spacecrafts due to high energy, so that the gamma ray storm incident from all directions can cause the detector array to generate response, and the measurement of the incidence direction of the gamma ray storm is difficult through a collimation method.
The spacecraft is preferably a collimation type X-ray telescope spacecraft using a composite crystal detector array, carries a composite crystal detector array load, and can be used for X-ray detection and positioning, but the type of load cannot position a gamma ray storm by adopting a conventional method. By applying the invention, the satellite can have the capability of detecting and positioning the gamma ray storm. Meanwhile, compared with the existing gamma ray explosion detection method, the detection equipment used by the invention has simple structure and lighter weight.
The invention discloses a method for monitoring and positioning a gamma ray storm, which comprises the following steps:
for a collimation type X-ray telescope spacecraft applying a composite crystal detector array, the measurement value of the detector on gamma rays is the intensity of the gamma rays incident to the detector. For a detector array to be completely exposed to space, the data measured by each detector in the detector array should be the same in gamma radiation. However, for the detector arrays installed on the satellite and equipped with the front-end shield, the gamma rays incident to different detectors need to penetrate through satellite bodies or front-end shields with different thicknesses, so that the attenuation generated by the gamma rays is different, and the intensity of the gamma ray violence incident to the detector arrays is different. Taking advantage of this phenomenon, the monitoring and localization of spatial gamma ray storms by such satellites can be achieved as shown in fig. 3.
(1) A load cabin is arranged at the top of a collimating X-ray telescope spacecraft body applying a composite crystal detector array, and the detector array is arranged on the load cabin. The detector array is composed of 18 detectors with the same structure, wherein the 18 detectors are distributed on an inner circle and an outer circle, the inner circle is distributed with 6 detectors, and the outer circle is distributed with 12 detectors. As shown in fig. 4.
A collimation type detector for X-ray observation. The detector mainly comprises a collimator (namely a front end shield), a detection element (composite crystal) and a signal acquisition and processing circuit. The front end shield is used for blocking X-rays from a non-observation direction, the detection element can convert the X-rays, the gamma rays and the like into electric signals, and the electric signals are collected and processed by the signal collecting and processing circuit.
And on the ground, acquiring a theoretical response function of the detector array by adopting a theoretical analysis or test method.
The method of establishing the response function by theoretical analysis is as follows. The method comprises the steps of establishing a quality model of detector shielding, a quality model of a satellite body and a detector model, wherein the quality model should contain information such as shielding materials, single machines and the size, position, quality and material composition of detectors, establishing a simulation model by utilizing the information, analyzing the energy intensity of gamma-ray sources in different directions and different spectral bands outside the detector through the quality model by adopting a Monte Carlo transportation method, and obtaining the measurement simulation result of the detector.
The method of experimentally establishing the response function is as follows. The artificial gamma ray source is utilized to penetrate a front end shield or a satellite body of the detector with high-energy gamma rays in a known direction to reach the detector array, measurement signals are formed in the detector array, and a detector response function is formed according to the relation between the direction of the external gamma rays and the measurement signals of the detector array. Or theoretically analyzing the shielding effect of the shielding of the front ends of the satellite and the detector, simulating the relation between the gamma ray direction and the measurement signal of the detector array, and forming a response function.
Whether a theoretical analysis or a test method is adopted, for the determined satellite quality model state, the theoretical response value of a single detector is only a function of the incident azimuth of the gamma ray, and the theoretical response function of the ith detector is recorded as R (alpha, theta, i), wherein alpha and theta are the incident azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the gamma ray relative to the plane of the detector array respectively.
For the same detector, one theoretical measurement m (i) is obtained for each specific α, θ. Traversing the values of alpha and theta according to a spherical space according to a preset interval to obtain m (i) with corresponding quantity. The corresponding relation between alpha, theta and the corresponding m (i) is the response function R (alpha, theta, i) of the detector.
(2) The gamma ray storm can generate a large amount of high-energy gamma rays, and has the characteristics of extremely short wavelength, strong penetrating power, high energy carrying capacity and the like. Due to the characteristic of strong penetrating power, the density and thickness of the front-end shield for shielding X-rays on the satellite and the detector are not enough to block gamma rays, so that the gamma rays penetrate through the satellite body or the front-end shield to reach the detector array. The penetration process can impart some degree of energy attenuation to the gamma rays.
After the satellite enters the orbit, when a gamma ray storm occurs, the gamma ray reaches the detector array, each detector is excited to generate current or voltage which is in direct proportion to the gamma ray storm, and the detector acquires the current or voltage to obtain the output measurement data of the detector array. The measurement of the ith detector is denoted as d (i).
(3) Reversely deducing the incidence direction of the gamma ray storm according to the theoretical response function of the detector array in the step (1) and the measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm, which comprises the following specific steps:
the inverse of the incident direction of the gamma ray storm can be attributed to the solution of the following modulation equation.
R(α,θ,i)f(i)+n(i)＝d(i),i＝1,2,3,…,M
Wherein f (i) is the gamma ray stream which is incident to the i-th detector before being shielded by the mass, and since the gamma ray storm can be determined to occur at the cosmic scale distance, f (1) f (2) f (3) … f (m) exists, and n (i) is the statistical error of the observation noise and data. Since the absolute value of f (i) is unknown, the difference between d (i) and the difference between R (α, θ, i) in the detector array needs to be fitted to find the optimal orientation. The specific method comprises the following steps:
selecting random initial alpha, theta, substituting into R (alpha, theta, i) f (i) + n (i) to obtain theoretical measured value d '(i), and normalizing the theoretical measured value d' (i) and the actual measured value d (i)That is, dn ' (i) ═ d ' (i)/d ' (1), dn (i) ═ d (i)/d (1), and the evaluation index is obtained
The optimal solution for v is found for α, θ using a genetic algorithm or other optimization search algorithm. And obtaining the optimal alpha and theta, namely the gamma ray storm incidence direction.
The further scheme for improving the gamma storm positioning precision comprises the following steps: for the theoretical response function R (alpha, theta, i) of the detector, the smaller the angle interval of alpha and theta traversing the spherical space, the higher the measurement precision.
The invention has been primarily verified on hard X-ray modulation telescope satellites. The hard X-ray modulation telescope satellite is provided with 18 composite crystal X-ray detectors as shown in figure 4. A theoretical response function of the detector array is established by using a theoretical analysis method, and the gamma storm is detected and positioned. Compared with the observation results abroad, the method has higher positioning precision. With the increase of the on-orbit observation times, the theoretical response function is gradually corrected, and the method can realize higher positioning precision.
In the present invention, the preferable scheme is as follows:
(1) obtaining a theoretical response function of a detector array
The detector response function is a key parameter for realizing gamma ray storm location, and the key parameter can be realized by adopting two methods: (1) obtaining the quality model based on the detector shielding and the satellite body and the design parameters of the detector through a simulation method; (2) and calibrating by adopting a ground gamma source.
The simulation analysis method comprises the following steps: the ground calibration method comprises the following steps: and aiming at the whole body of the detector and the satellite, a ground gamma ray source is adopted, the detector and the satellite are incident from various external directions, and energy spectrum data in the detector are obtained, so that a response function of the detector is obtained.
The detector array is schematically shown in figure 4.
(2) Acquiring measurement data of detector array in gamma ray storm
The measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm is the signal intensity of each spectral band. For a particular spectral band, the measurement of the ith detector is denoted as d (i).
(3) Solving for the incident orientation of a gamma ray storm
The inverse of the incident direction of the gamma ray storm can be attributed to the solution of the following modulation equation.
R(α,θ,i)f(i)+n(i)＝d(i),i＝1,2,3,…,M
Wherein f (i) is the gamma ray stream which is incident to the i-th detector before being shielded by the mass, and since the gamma ray storm can be determined to occur at the cosmic scale distance, f (1) f (2) f (3) … f (m) exists, and n (i) is the statistical error of the observation noise and data. Since the absolute value of f (i) is unknown, the difference between d (i) and the difference between R (α, θ, i) in the detector array needs to be fitted to find the optimal orientation.
And solving the modulation equations repeatedly according to the spectral bands, and fitting the optimal incidence azimuth angle and the pitch angle to obtain the gamma ray storm incidence azimuth.
The invention relates to a system for monitoring and positioning a gamma ray storm, which comprises: the device comprises a response function acquisition module, a measurement data acquisition module and a reverse-thrust module;
the response function acquisition module is used for laying the detector array on a satellite and acquiring a theoretical response function of the detector array on the ground;
the measurement data acquisition module is used for acquiring measurement data of the detector array in a gamma ray storm when the gamma ray storm occurs after the satellite enters the orbit;
and the backstepping module backsteps the incident direction of the gamma ray according to the theoretical response function of the detector array obtained by the response function obtaining module and the measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm obtained by the measurement data obtaining module, so as to realize the monitoring and positioning of the gamma ray storm.
The detector array is arranged on the satellite in the response function acquisition module, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the top of the satellite body is provided with a load cabin, and the detector array is arranged on the load cabin.
The response function obtaining module obtains a theoretical response function of the detector array, which specifically includes:
on the ground, a high-energy gamma ray penetrates through a front end shield of a detector or a satellite body to reach a detector array in a known direction by using an artificial gamma ray source, a measurement signal is formed in the detector array, and a detector response function is formed according to the relation between the direction of an external gamma ray and the measurement signal of the detector array.
The response function obtaining module obtains a theoretical response function of the detector array, which specifically includes:
by carrying out theoretical analysis on the shielding effect of the shielding of the satellite and the front end of the detector, the relation between the incident direction of the gamma ray and the measurement signal of the detector array is simulated, and a response function is formed.
After the satellite in the measured data acquisition module is in orbit, when a gamma ray storm occurs, the measured data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm is acquired, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
after the satellite enters the orbit, when a gamma ray storm occurs, the gamma ray passes through the front end shield of the detector or the satellite body to be incident to the detector array, and after the gamma ray is measured by the detector array, the measurement data is output.
The measurement data is generated by the following process: the gamma rays reach the detector array, each detector is excited to generate current or voltage which is in direct proportion to the intensity of the gamma rays, and the detector acquires the current or voltage to obtain the measurement data output by the detector array.
The backstepping module backsteps the incidence direction of the gamma ray according to the theoretical response function of the detector array in the response function acquisition module and the measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm, so as to realize the monitoring and positioning of the gamma ray storm, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
when gamma rays are incident from different directions, the measurement data in the detector are different due to different response functions of the detector array; and reversely deducing the direction of the gamma ray according to the difference of the measurement data of the detector, thereby realizing the positioning of the gamma ray storm.
According to the difference of the measured data of the detector, the direction of the gamma ray is reversely deduced, which comprises the following steps:
the measurement value of the gamma ray by the detector is the intensity of the gamma ray incident to the detector, and for a detector array completely exposed in the space, the data measured by each detector in the detector array in the gamma ray exposure should be the same; for a detector array which is installed on a satellite and is provided with a front end shield, gamma rays which are incident to different detectors need to penetrate through satellite bodies or the front end shield with different thicknesses, so that the attenuation of the gamma rays is different, the intensity of the gamma rays which are incident to the detector array is different, the intensity difference corresponds to the incident direction, and the incident direction of the gamma rays can be reversely deduced by utilizing the measured difference and a response function which is obtained in advance.
The detector array is arranged on the satellite in the response function acquisition module, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the top of the satellite body is provided with a load cabin, the detector array is arranged on the load cabin and consists of 18 detectors with the same structure, the 18 detectors are distributed on an inner concentric circle and an outer concentric circle, the inner circle is provided with 6 detectors, and the outer circle is provided with 12 detectors.
The invention relates to a method and a step for detecting and positioning a gamma ray storm based on a collimation type X-ray telescope spacecraft of a composite crystal detector array.
The invention does not depend on the shielding of gamma ray violence, and can greatly reduce the structure and the weight for shielding the gamma ray; the invention does not depend on the complex gamma ray tracking capability, and can greatly reduce the structure and the weight for the gamma ray tracking; according to the invention, the response function precision of the detector can be improved in the later stage, for example, after the satellite is launched, the high-precision modeling is carried out on the satellite body and the front-end shielding of the detector, the response function precision is improved, and thus the gamma ray storm positioning precision is improved.
The invention obtains the response function by theoretical analysis of the satellite body and the front end shield of the detector and simulation calculation, and can verify the response function obtained by the test mutually, thereby improving the accuracy of the response function and the direction positioning accuracy of the gamma ray. According to the response function obtained through the test, the response function obtained through theoretical analysis can be subjected to model correction, and the theoretical analysis precision is improved. When the theoretical analysis precision is high enough, the test measurement is not carried out on the premise of ensuring the precision, so that the time and the cost for acquiring the response function are saved.
Claims (3)
1. A method for monitoring and positioning a gamma ray storm is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the detector array is arranged on a satellite, and a theoretical response function of the detector array is obtained on the ground; the detector array is arranged on the satellite, and the specific steps are as follows:
a load cabin is arranged at the top of the satellite body, and the detector array is arranged on the load cabin;
obtaining a theoretical response function of the detector array, which is as follows:
on the ground, a high-energy gamma ray penetrates through a front-end shield of a detector or a satellite body to reach a detector array by utilizing an artificial gamma ray source in a known direction, a measurement signal is formed in the detector array, a detector response function is formed according to the relation between the direction of an external gamma ray and the measurement signal of the detector array, or the relation between the incident direction of the gamma ray and the measurement signal of the detector array is simulated by carrying out theoretical analysis on the shielding effect of the satellite and the front-end shield of the detector, so that a response function is formed;
(2) after the satellite enters the orbit, when a gamma ray storm occurs, acquiring measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm; the method comprises the following specific steps:
after the satellite enters the orbit, when a gamma ray storm occurs, the gamma ray passes through the front end shield of the detector or the satellite body and is incident to the detector array, and the detector array outputs measurement data after measuring the gamma ray;
the measurement data is generated by the following process: the gamma rays reach the detector array, each detector is excited to generate current or voltage which is in direct proportion to the intensity of the gamma rays, and the detector acquires the current or voltage to obtain the measurement data output by the detector array;
(3) reversely deducing the incidence direction of the gamma ray according to the theoretical response function of the detector array in the step (1) and the measurement data of the detector array in the step (2) in the gamma ray storm, and realizing the monitoring and positioning of the gamma ray storm, which specifically comprises the following steps:
when gamma rays are incident from different directions, the measurement data in the detector are different due to different response functions of the detector array; according to the difference of the measured data of the detector, the direction of the gamma ray is reversely deduced, so that the gamma ray storm is positioned;
according to the difference of the measured data of the detector, the direction of the gamma ray is reversely deduced, which comprises the following steps:
the measurement value of the gamma ray by the detector is the intensity of the gamma ray incident to the detector, and for a detector array completely exposed in the space, the data measured by each detector in the detector array in the gamma ray exposure should be the same; for a detector array which is installed on a satellite and is provided with a front end shield, gamma rays which are incident to different detectors need to penetrate through satellite bodies or the front end shield with different thicknesses, so that the attenuation of the gamma rays is different, the intensity of the gamma rays which are incident to the detector array is different, the intensity difference corresponds to the incident direction, and the incident direction of the gamma rays can be reversely deduced by utilizing the measured difference and a response function which is obtained in advance.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detector array comprises 18 detectors having the same structure, the 18 detectors are distributed on an inner circle and an outer circle which are concentric, the inner circle is distributed with 6 detectors, and the outer circle is distributed with 12 detectors.
3. A system for gamma ray storm monitoring localization, comprising: the device comprises a response function acquisition module, a measurement data acquisition module and a reverse-thrust module;
the response function acquisition module is used for laying the detector array on a satellite and acquiring a theoretical response function of the detector array on the ground; the detector array is arranged on the satellite, and the specific steps are as follows:
a load cabin is arranged at the top of the satellite body, and the detector array is arranged on the load cabin;
obtaining a theoretical response function of the detector array, which is as follows:
on the ground, a high-energy gamma ray penetrates through a front-end shield of a detector or a satellite body to reach a detector array by utilizing an artificial gamma ray source in a known direction, a measurement signal is formed in the detector array, a detector response function is formed according to the relation between the direction of an external gamma ray and the measurement signal of the detector array, or the relation between the incident direction of the gamma ray and the measurement signal of the detector array is simulated by carrying out theoretical analysis on the shielding effect of the satellite and the front-end shield of the detector, so that a response function is formed;
the measurement data acquisition module is used for acquiring measurement data of the detector array in a gamma ray storm when the gamma ray storm occurs after the satellite enters the orbit; the method comprises the following specific steps:
after the satellite enters the orbit, when a gamma ray storm occurs, the gamma ray passes through the front end shield of the detector or the satellite body and is incident to the detector array, and the detector array outputs measurement data after measuring the gamma ray;
the measurement data is generated by the following process: the gamma rays reach the detector array, each detector is excited to generate current or voltage which is in direct proportion to the intensity of the gamma rays, and the detector acquires the current or voltage to obtain the measurement data output by the detector array;
the backstepping module is used for backstepping the incidence direction of the gamma ray according to the theoretical response function of the detector array obtained by the response function obtaining module and the measurement data of the detector array in the gamma ray storm obtained by the measurement data obtaining module, so as to realize the monitoring and positioning of the gamma ray storm, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when gamma rays are incident from different directions, the measurement data in the detector are different due to different response functions of the detector array; according to the difference of the measured data of the detector, the direction of the gamma ray is reversely deduced, so that the gamma ray storm is positioned;
according to the difference of the measured data of the detector, the direction of the gamma ray is reversely deduced, which comprises the following steps:
the measurement value of the gamma ray by the detector is the intensity of the gamma ray incident to the detector, and for a detector array completely exposed in the space, the data measured by each detector in the detector array in the gamma ray exposure should be the same; for a detector array which is installed on a satellite and is provided with a front end shield, gamma rays which are incident to different detectors need to penetrate through satellite bodies or the front end shield with different thicknesses, so that the attenuation of the gamma rays is different, the intensity of the gamma rays which are incident to the detector array is different, the intensity difference corresponds to the incident direction, and the incident direction of the gamma rays can be reversely deduced by utilizing the measured difference and a response function which is obtained in advance.
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