CN110007245B - Method for detecting N/P ratio design rationality of lithium ion battery by three electrodes - Google Patents
Method for detecting N/P ratio design rationality of lithium ion battery by three electrodes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110007245B CN110007245B CN201910207862.4A CN201910207862A CN110007245B CN 110007245 B CN110007245 B CN 110007245B CN 201910207862 A CN201910207862 A CN 201910207862A CN 110007245 B CN110007245 B CN 110007245B
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Abstract
The method for detecting the N/P ratio design rationality of the lithium ion battery by the three electrodes can solve the technical problem that the battery is possibly dangerous due to waste of battery synthesis feeding or lithium precipitation of the battery in the charging process of the battery caused by unreasonable design of the battery. The method comprises the following steps: s100, placing the lithium ion three-electrode battery in a thermostat at 25 ℃, connecting the lithium ion three-electrode battery to a test cabinet, and charging the lithium ion three-electrode battery to a full-charge state at a set multiplying power; and S200, judging the reasonability of the design of the N/P of the battery according to the trend of the negative electrode to the reference potential change in the charging process. The rationality of the N/P design of the battery is clearly judged through the change of the negative electrode potential platform of the three-electrode batteries with different N/P ratios in the charging process, and the method is simple and easy to operate and has good application prospect in the aspect of battery design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a method for detecting the N/P ratio design rationality of a lithium ion battery by three electrodes.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high specific energy, long service life, greenness, low carbon and the like, and is widely applied to electric automobiles and electronic consumer products. However, the unreasonable design of the lithium ion battery can easily cause thermal runaway inside the battery, and unsafe accidents such as ignition and explosion of the battery can be caused. In the design of the battery, an important standard is the size of the N/P ratio of the battery, when the N/P ratio is over designed, the lithium intercalation amount on the surface of the negative electrode is insufficient during the charging process, the capacity cannot be fully utilized, and when the N/P ratio is over designed, the reversible lithium content in the positive electrode is excessive and is larger than the lithium content when the negative electrode is fully intercalated, so that during the charging process, the reversible lithium in the positive electrode is partially precipitated on the surface of the negative electrode, the lithium precipitation of the battery is caused, and finally the safety problem of the battery may occur. Therefore, the method for detecting the N/P ratio design rationality of the lithium ion battery has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The method for detecting the N/P ratio design rationality of the lithium ion battery by the three electrodes can solve the technical problem that the battery is possibly dangerous due to waste of battery synthesis feeding materials or lithium precipitation of the battery in the charging process of the battery caused by unreasonable design of the battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting the N/P ratio design rationality of a lithium ion battery by three electrodes comprises the following steps:
placing the three-electrode battery in a thermostat at 25 ℃, connecting the three-electrode battery to a test cabinet, charging the three-electrode battery to a full-charge state at a certain multiplying power, and judging the reasonability of the design of the N/P of the battery according to the trend of the negative electrode to the reference potential change in the charging process;
the lithium ion three-electrode battery is suitable for all lithium ion battery full battery systems including square, soft packages and the like.
The reference comprises lithium foil, copper wires and gold wires.
The lithium ion battery is defined as a three-electrode battery with graphite or Si/C (wt (Si) ≦ 25%) as the negative electrode, and three complete lithium intercalation platforms for the negative electrode versus the reference during charging to full charge at low rate.
The charging multiplying power range of the three-electrode battery with different N/P ratios is 0.01C-0.2C.
If three complete lithium embedding platforms appear on the negative electrode potential curve in the process of charging the three-electrode battery to a full state, the N/P ratio design of the battery is reasonable.
If three complete lithium embedding platforms do not appear on the negative electrode potential curve in the process of charging the three-electrode battery to the full state, the N/P ratio of the battery is large and unreasonable in design.
If three complete lithium embedding platforms and one lithium separation platform at about 0V appear on the negative electrode potential curve in the process of charging the three-electrode battery to a full state, the N/P ratio of the battery is small and unreasonable in design.
According to the technical scheme, the method for detecting the N/P ratio design rationality of the lithium ion battery by the three electrodes is characterized in that when the N/P ratio of the battery is reasonably designed, three complete lithium embedding platforms are arranged on a negative electrode-to-reference curve in the process of charging the three-electrode battery to the full-power state, and when the N/P ratio of the battery is unreasonable in design, the three lithium embedding platforms cannot completely appear or four platforms appear on the negative electrode-to-reference curve in the process of charging the three-electrode battery to the full-power state, so that the rationality of the N/P design of the battery to be detected is judged according to the difference.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the design of the battery N/P has important significance on the performance and safety of the battery, the rationality of the design of the battery N/P is clearly judged through the change of a negative electrode potential platform of the three-electrode battery with different N/P ratios in the charging process, and the method is simple and easy to operate and has good application prospect in the aspect of battery design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of negative electrode versus reference potential for the cell of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the negative electrode versus reference potential of the cell of example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of the negative electrode of the cell of example 3 of the present invention versus the reference potential.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for detecting the reasonability of the N/P ratio design of the lithium ion battery with three electrodes in the embodiment includes the following steps:
s100, placing the lithium ion three-electrode battery in a thermostat at 25 ℃, connecting the lithium ion three-electrode battery to a test cabinet, and charging the lithium ion three-electrode battery to a full-charge state at a set multiplying power;
and S200, judging the reasonability of the design of the N/P of the battery according to the trend of the negative electrode to the reference potential change in the charging process.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples. The following examples are provided only for explaining and illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The test methods in the following examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, are generally conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Example 1:
and when the N/P = 1.1, judging the N/P ratio design rationality of the three-electrode battery:
(1) placing a three-electrode battery with N/P = 1.1, lithium foil as reference and graphite as negative electrode in a constant temperature box at 25 ℃, connecting the three-electrode battery on a test cabinet, charging the three-electrode battery to a full-charge state at 0.05c,
(2) analyzing the variation trend of the potential of the negative electrode to the reference in the charging process;
(3) as can be seen from the curve in FIG. 2, three complete lithium intercalation platforms appear on the negative electrode versus reference potential curve of the battery during charging to 4.2V, which indicates that the reversible lithium deintercalated from the positive electrode just fully intercalates the negative electrode graphite during charging to 4.2V at 0.05C, and therefore, the design of the N/P ratio of the battery is judged to be reasonable.
Example 2:
and when the N/P = 1.3, judging the N/P ratio design rationality of the three-electrode battery:
(1) placing a three-electrode battery with N/P = 1.3, lithium foil as reference and graphite as negative electrode in a constant temperature box at 25 ℃, connecting the three-electrode battery on a test cabinet, charging the three-electrode battery to a full-charge state at 0.05c,
(2) analyzing the variation trend of the potential of the negative electrode to the reference in the charging process;
(3) as can be seen from the curve in FIG. 3, the third lithium intercalation platform on the curve of the negative electrode of the battery to the reference potential does not completely appear during the charging process to 4.2V, which indicates that the active lithium extracted from the positive electrode of the battery cannot be intercalated into the graphite of the negative electrode during the charging process from 0.05C to 4.2V, and therefore, the N/P ratio of the battery is judged to be too large and unreasonable.
Example 3:
and when the N/P = 0.8, judging the N/P ratio design rationality of the three-electrode battery:
(1) placing a three-electrode battery with N/P = 0.8, lithium foil as reference and graphite as negative electrode in a constant temperature box at 25 ℃, connecting the three-electrode battery to a test cabinet, charging the three-electrode battery to a full-charge state at 0.05c,
(2) analyzing the variation trend of the potential of the negative electrode to the reference in the charging process;
(3) as can be seen from the curve in fig. 4, in the process of charging to 4.2V, a fourth lithium precipitation platform appears at about 0V besides three complete lithium intercalation platforms on the curve of the negative electrode of the battery to the reference potential, which indicates that in the process of charging to 4.2V at 0.05c, the amount of active lithium extracted from the positive electrode is greater than the amount of lithium that can be accommodated when the surface of the negative electrode is fully intercalated, and redundant active lithium will be precipitated on the surface of the negative electrode, causing lithium precipitation of the battery, so that it is judged that the N/P ratio of the battery is too small and unreasonable.
In summary, according to the method for detecting the rationality of the design of the N/P ratio of the lithium ion battery by the three electrodes in the embodiment of the present invention, the rationality of the design of the N/P ratio of the battery is judged according to the difference between the potential platforms of the negative electrode and the reference in the process of charging the corresponding three-electrode battery to full charge when the N/P ratio of the battery is different. The main process is that three-electrode batteries with different N/P are charged to a full-charge state at a certain multiplying power, the rationality of the design of the N/P ratio of the battery is judged according to the variation trend of the negative electrode of the battery to a reference potential platform in the charging process, and the feasibility of the method is proved through actual experimental design. The method is simple and easy to implement, and can accurately detect the rationality of the N/P ratio design of the lithium ion battery, so that the method has good application prospect in the aspect of battery design.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for detecting the N/P ratio design rationality of a lithium ion battery by three electrodes is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s100, placing the lithium ion three-electrode battery in a thermostat at 25 ℃, connecting the lithium ion three-electrode battery to a test cabinet, and charging the lithium ion three-electrode battery to a full-charge state at a set multiplying power;
s200, judging the reasonability of the design of the N/P of the battery according to the trend of the negative electrode to the reference potential change in the charging process;
the lithium ion three-electrode battery in the step S100 is a three-electrode battery with a negative electrode of graphite or Si/C, wherein wt% (Si) in the Si/C three-electrode battery is less than or equal to 25%, and the negative electrode has three complete lithium embedding platforms for reference in the process of charging the three-electrode battery to a full state;
the step S200 includes:
if three complete lithium embedding platforms appear on a negative electrode potential curve in the process of charging the three-electrode battery to a full state, the design of the N/P ratio of the battery is reasonable;
if three complete lithium embedding platforms do not appear on the negative electrode potential curve in the process of charging the three-electrode battery to the full state, the N/P ratio of the battery is large and unreasonable in design;
if three complete lithium embedding platforms and one lithium separation platform at about 0V appear on the negative electrode potential curve in the process of charging the three-electrode battery to a full state, the N/P ratio of the battery is small and unreasonable in design.
2. The method for detecting the N/P ratio design rationality of the lithium ion battery by the three electrodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lithium ion three-electrode battery in the step S100 is suitable for all lithium ion battery full battery systems including square batteries and soft package batteries.
3. The method for detecting the N/P ratio design rationality of the lithium ion battery by the three electrodes according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step S200, the reference includes lithium foil, copper wire, and gold wire.
4. The method for detecting the N/P ratio design rationality of the lithium ion battery by the three electrodes according to claim 2, characterized in that: the charging multiplying power range in the S100 is 0.01C-0.2C.
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