CN110002425A - A kind of preparation method of the three-dimensional porous carbon material of ionic liquid super capacitor - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of the three-dimensional porous carbon material of ionic liquid super capacitor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110002425A
CN110002425A CN201910328078.9A CN201910328078A CN110002425A CN 110002425 A CN110002425 A CN 110002425A CN 201910328078 A CN201910328078 A CN 201910328078A CN 110002425 A CN110002425 A CN 110002425A
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carbon
product
dimensional porous
deionized water
porous carbon
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赵乃勤
朱杉
邓晓阳
王禹轩
沙军威
马丽颖
李家俊
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/24Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32Carbon-based
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32Carbon-based
    • H01G11/34Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32Carbon-based
    • H01G11/44Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of ionic liquid super capacitor preparation methods of three-dimensional porous carbon material, including following procedure: 1) mixed solution is proportionally made in sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, carbon source, the solution is then removed into moisture content by spray dried form, obtains precursor powder;The carbonization that precursor powder is carried out to carbon source under protective gas atmosphere, obtains primary carbon product;3) primary carbon product and KOH are mixed using deionized water according to the ratio of mass ratio 1:1~1:5, is then evaporated moisture content, obtain primary carbon product and the homogeneous mixture of KOH;Blend sample is warming up to 600~900 DEG C of 1~2h of heat preservation, cools to room temperature with the furnace later, obtain dark gray powder under protective gas atmosphere;Filtering and washing is carried out, until cleaning solution PH is neutral, product will be filtered later and be dried to get the three-dimensional porous carbon electrode material applied to il electrolyte is arrived.

Description

A kind of preparation method of the three-dimensional porous carbon material of ionic liquid super capacitor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of porous carbons that can be used for il electrolyte using three kinds of water-soluble salt composite shuttering preparations The method of material belongs to advanced energy storage material field.
Background technique
Supercapacitor (referred to as: electrochemical capacitance) is a kind of electrochemical energy storage device, is suitable for high power delivery and energy is received Collection application.Energy density is the core index of electrochemical capacitance device, this index was both directly proportional to the specific capacitance of electrode material, also with Device voltage window it is square directly proportional.Therefore, selection has the electrode material of high specific capacitance, and is combined with high voltage window Electrolyte is to improve electrochemical capacitance energy density most to have technical solution.
Currently, being organic system electrolyte and aqueous electrolyte respectively there are mainly two types of widely used electrolyte.For having Machine system electrolyte, voltage window can achieve 2.0~3.0V.But solvent used in these electrolyte is usually acetonitrile Or the organic matter that propylene etc. is inflammable, toxic, thus very big security risk can be brought.In addition, potassium hydroxide or sulfuric acid etc. Aqueous electrolyte, although with high security the advantages of, the decomposition voltage of water is only 1.23V.Aqueous electrolyte is also not Promote the preferred embodiment of electrochemical capacitance energy density.In recent years, ionic liquid causes researcher's as the electrolyte of electrochemical capacitance Concern.Ionic liquid refers to lower melting-point ionic compound, such as EMITFSI, LiTFSI etc..Common ionic liquid has The advantages that vapour pressure is extremely low, thermostabilization, the far super organic system electrolyte in safety.In addition, in practical applications, ionic liquid Often it is able to achieve the up to voltage window of 3~4V.Comprehensive performance and safe these two aspects factor, ionic liquid are undoubtedly most latent The electrochemical capacitance electrolyte of power.But ionic liquid is there is also certain limitation, i.e. the viscosity of ionic liquid is larger, and yin, yang therein Ion diffusion rates are slower.In capacitive property test, with the promotion of test multiplying power, the specific capacity of ionic liquid base electrochemical capacitance Often reduce rapidly.To improve this problem, a kind of electrode material for being suitable for il electrolyte characteristic is developed, is phase Close the key point of research.
Three-dimensional porous carbon refers to the carbon material with three-dimensional communication structure and abundant pore size distribution.This material often also has both The features such as bigger serface, lightweight, high conductivity.These features have three-dimensional porous carbon in fields such as electrochemical capacitance, batteries Huge application potential.It is especially noted that the advantage of three-dimensional porous carbon is its connection compared to conventional porous carbon Network-like structure, this three-dimensional structure is particularly suitable for the infiltration of electrolyte and the mass transport process of ion.Therefore, three-dimensional more Many characteristics of hole carbon become the ideal electrode material with il electrolyte cooperation.However, preparation at present is three-dimensional more The technology of hole carbon is mainly hard template method, that is, uses silica, porous metals etc. as template, by immersing carbon source and pyrocarbon The modes such as change prepare the carbon material of duplication pattern hole structure.Time-consuming, environment for correlation technique there are templates at high cost, technique The disadvantages such as big are polluted, expanded production is unfavorable for.In addition, existing three-dimensional porous carbon material, generally existing aperture is not easy to control, The problem of structural stability difference.Therefore, a kind of method for efficiently preparing three-dimensional porous carbon is developed, product is made to have both specific surface area High, the advantages that pore structure is abundant, stable structure, be bound to can significant increase ionic liquid electrochemical capacitance performance, there is very high reality Value.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is to develop a kind of porous carbon materials for ionic liquid electrochemical capacitance, particular technique method is to utilize Three kinds of water-soluble salts realize target material preparation as composite shuttering, in conjunction with the technique of high temperature cabonization, chemical activation.Technical solution is such as Under:
A kind of preparation method of the three-dimensional porous carbon material of ionic liquid super capacitor, including following procedure:
1) according to by sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, carbon source according to mass ratio (10-50): (0-2): (0-2): (1-5) Ratio be made mixed solution, then by the solution by spray dried form removal moisture content, obtain precursor powder;
2) by precursor powder under protective gas atmosphere, with 5~10 DEG C of min-1Heating rate be heated to 600 DEG C~ 750 DEG C, 1~3h is kept the temperature, the carbonization of carbon source is carried out, cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the mixture of carbon and salt, which is made With deionized water filtering and washing and drying, primary carbon product is obtained;
3) by step 2) primary carbon product and KOH according to mass ratio 1:1~1:5 ratio, it is mixed using deionized water It closes, is then evaporated moisture content, obtains primary carbon product and the homogeneous mixture of KOH;
4) by blend sample in step 3) under protective gas atmosphere, 600~900 DEG C of 1~2h of heat preservation are warming up to, later It cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains dark gray powder;
5) it disperses dark gray powder made from step 4) in deionized water and carries out filtering and washing, until during cleaning solution PH is Property until, later by filter product be dried to get to applied to il electrolyte three-dimensional porous carbon electrode Material.
The carbon source can be DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS, sucrose, citric acid, polyvinyl alcohol etc..
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: raw materials used abundant, at low cost, simple process, yield It is high.Obtained porous carbon has three-dimensional communication shape structure, large specific surface area (~3000m2·g-1), pore structure it is flourishing.It is this The structural advantage of three-dimensional porous material helps to improve the infiltration of il electrolyte while improving ion transmission and electronics biography Process is led, ionic liquid super capacitor is suitably applied.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the pictorial diagram of porous carbon prepared by the embodiment of the present invention one
Fig. 2 is the SEM figure of porous carbon structure obtained by the embodiment of the present invention one
Fig. 3 is cyclic voltammogram of the porous carbon in ionic liquid prepared by the embodiment of the present invention one
Fig. 4 is constant current charge-discharge performance map of the porous carbon in ionic liquid prepared by the embodiment of the present invention one
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples, these embodiments are only intended to illustrate the present invention, not The limitation present invention.
Embodiment one
250g sodium chloride, 10g sodium carbonate, 10g sodium metasilicate, 30g DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS are weighed, it will using 1000mL deionized water Above-mentioned raw materials dissolution, obtains clear solution.Then, the removal which is carried out to moisture content in 150 DEG C of spray drying, obtains Faint yellow precursor powder;The precursor powder is placed in corundum tube furnace, is 200mL min in flow-1Ar protection under, With 10 DEG C of min-1Heating rate be heated to 700 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h, carry out the carbonization of carbon source, cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain carbon With the mixture of salt;Three times using deionized water filtering and washing by the mixture, and by suction filtration product it is done in 80 DEG C of drying boxes It is dry for 24 hours, obtain primary carbon product;Primary carbon product and KOH are mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 1:3 using 500mL deionized water It closes, is evaporated moisture content in 80 DEG C of environment, obtains primary carbon product and KOH gray mixture;The blend sample is placed in pipe Formula furnace flat-temperature zone, in 200mL min-1Ar protection under, be warming up to 800 DEG C of heat preservation 1h, cool to room temperature with the furnace later, obtain ash Black powder;It disperses dark gray powder in deionized water and carries out filtering and washing, until cleaning solution PH is neutrality, will filter later Product is placed in dry for 24 hours to get the three-dimensional porous carbon electrode material arrived applied to il electrolyte in 80 DEG C.
The three-dimensional porous carbon dust of gained is mixed with PTFE binder according to the mass ratio of 95:5, by stirring repeatedly The electrode slice that surface density is 10mg cm-2 is prepared using 80 DEG C of process of vacuum drying with press mold.To the electrode slice The test for carrying out capacitive property, uses Whatman porous filter paper as diaphragm, bis- (the trifluoromethyl sulphurs of 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazole Acyl) imines is as electrolyte, cyclic voltammetry curve in the case where testing its different scanning speed and the constant current under different current densities Charge-discharge performance.Test result shows that voltage window of the material under the test system may be up to 3.5V, and specific capacitance can reach 110F/g or more.
Embodiment two
300g sodium chloride, 10g sodium carbonate, 10g sodium metasilicate, 30g sucrose are weighed, use 1500 will be above-mentioned with mL deionized water Dissolution of raw material obtains clear solution.Then, the removal which is carried out to moisture content in 150 DEG C of spray drying, obtains yellowish Color precursor powder;The precursor powder is placed in corundum tube furnace, is 200mL min in flow-1Ar protection under, with 8 ℃·min-1Heating rate be heated to 700 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h, carry out the carbonization of carbon source, cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain carbon and salt Mixture;Three times using deionized water filtering and washing by the mixture, and product drying in 60 DEG C of drying boxes will be filtered 18h obtains primary carbon product;Primary carbon product and KOH are mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 1:3 using 500mL deionized water, It is evaporated moisture content in 80 DEG C of environment, obtains primary carbon product and KOH gray mixture;The blend sample is placed in tube furnace Flat-temperature zone, in 200mL min-1Ar protection under, be warming up to 750 DEG C of heat preservation 1h, cool to room temperature with the furnace later, obtain grey black Powder;It disperses dark gray powder in deionized water and carries out filtering and washing, until cleaning solution PH is neutrality, product will be filtered later It is placed in dry for 24 hours to get the three-dimensional porous carbon electrode material arrived applied to il electrolyte in 80 DEG C.
Embodiment three
200g sodium chloride, 20g sodium carbonate, 10g sodium metasilicate, 25g DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS are weighed, it will using 1000mL deionized water Above-mentioned raw materials dissolution, obtains clear solution.Then, the removal which is carried out to moisture content in 140 DEG C of spray drying, obtains Faint yellow precursor powder;The precursor powder is placed in corundum tube furnace, is 150mL min in flow-1Ar protection under, With 10 DEG C of min-1Heating rate be heated to 750 DEG C, keep the temperature 1h, carry out the carbonization of carbon source, cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain carbon With the mixture of salt;Three times using deionized water filtering and washing by the mixture, and by suction filtration product it is done in 80 DEG C of drying boxes It is dry for 24 hours, obtain primary carbon product;Primary carbon product and KOH are mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 1:2 using 500mL deionized water It closes, is evaporated moisture content in 80 DEG C of environment, obtains primary carbon product and KOH gray mixture;The blend sample is placed in pipe Formula furnace flat-temperature zone, in 200mLmin-1Ar protection under, be warming up to 850 DEG C of heat preservation 1h, cool to room temperature with the furnace later, obtain ash Black powder;It disperses dark gray powder in deionized water and carries out filtering and washing, until cleaning solution PH is neutrality, will filter later Product, which is placed in 60 DEG C, dries 48h to get the three-dimensional porous carbon electrode material arrived applied to il electrolyte.
Example IV
200g sodium chloride, 10g sodium carbonate, 10g sodium metasilicate, 20g polyvinyl alcohol are weighed, it will be upper using 1200mL deionized water Dissolution of raw material is stated, clear solution is obtained.Then, the removal which is carried out to moisture content in 150 DEG C of spray drying, obtains light Yellow precursor powder;The precursor powder is placed in corundum tube furnace, is 300mL min in flow-1Ar protection under, with 5℃·min-1Heating rate be heated to 600 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h, carry out the carbonization of carbon source, cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain carbon with The mixture of salt;Three times using deionized water filtering and washing by the mixture, and product drying in 60 DEG C of drying boxes will be filtered For 24 hours, primary carbon product is obtained;Primary carbon product and KOH are mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 1:1 using 500mL deionized water, It is evaporated moisture content in 80 DEG C of environment, obtains primary carbon product and KOH gray mixture;The blend sample is placed in tube furnace Flat-temperature zone, in 200mLmin-1Ar protection under, be warming up to 700 DEG C of heat preservation 1h, cool to room temperature with the furnace later, obtain grey black Powder;It disperses dark gray powder in deionized water and carries out filtering and washing, until cleaning solution PH is neutrality, product will be filtered later It is placed in 100 DEG C and dries 12h to get the three-dimensional porous carbon electrode material arrived applied to il electrolyte.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of ionic liquid super capacitor preparation method of three-dimensional porous carbon material, including following procedure:
1) according to by sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, carbon source according to mass ratio (10-50): (0-2): (0-2): the ratio of (1-5) The solution is then removed moisture content by spray dried form, obtains precursor powder by the obtained mixed solution of example;
2) by precursor powder under protective gas atmosphere, with 5~10 DEG C of min-1Heating rate be heated to 600 DEG C~750 DEG C, 1~3h is kept the temperature, the carbonization of carbon source is carried out, cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the mixture of carbon and salt, which is used Deionized water filtering and washing and drying obtain primary carbon product;
3) by step 2) primary carbon product and KOH according to the ratio of mass ratio 1:1~1:5, mixed using deionized water, with After be evaporated moisture content, obtain primary carbon product and the homogeneous mixture of KOH;
4) by blend sample in step 3) under protective gas atmosphere, 600~900 DEG C of 1~2h of heat preservation are warming up to, later with furnace It is cooled to room temperature, obtains dark gray powder;
5) it disperses dark gray powder made from step 4) in deionized water and carries out filtering and washing, until cleaning solution PH is that neutrality is Only, product will be filtered later to be dried to get the three-dimensional porous carbon electrode material applied to il electrolyte is arrived.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source be DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS, sucrose, citric acid, Polyvinyl alcohol etc..
CN201910328078.9A 2019-04-22 2019-04-22 A kind of preparation method of the three-dimensional porous carbon material of ionic liquid super capacitor Pending CN110002425A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190712