CN109991375B - Automatic measuring device for woody plant hydraulic structure and using method thereof - Google Patents
Automatic measuring device for woody plant hydraulic structure and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109991375B CN109991375B CN201910307581.6A CN201910307581A CN109991375B CN 109991375 B CN109991375 B CN 109991375B CN 201910307581 A CN201910307581 A CN 201910307581A CN 109991375 B CN109991375 B CN 109991375B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic measuring device of a woody plant hydraulic structure and a using method thereof, wherein the automatic measuring device comprises a multichannel measuring device, a pump valve executing mechanism, a data acquisition system, a weighing mechanism, a hydraulic conductivity measuring system and a computer control system; the multichannel measuring device comprises a public water pipeline, one end of the public water pipeline is connected with the water tank through a water inlet pipe, a plurality of channels to be measured are arranged at the other end of the public water pipeline side by side, and a weighing mechanism is respectively arranged at the lower end of each channel to be measured; the pump valve actuating mechanism is used for adjusting the pressure of liquid entering the public water pipeline and controlling the opening and closing of each channel to be tested; the data acquisition system is arranged at the inlet of the public water pipeline and is used for detecting the pressure of liquid entering the public water pipeline; the data collected by the weighing mechanism and the data collection system are sent to the computer control system through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system. The invention can be widely applied to the field of hydraulic structure measurement of woody plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant hydraulic structure research, in particular to an automatic measuring device of a multichannel woody plant hydraulic structure suitable for ecological research and a using method thereof.
Background
The ability of woody plant xylem in forests to transport water and resist cavitation can greatly affect the geographical distribution of plants and their ability to adapt to environmental stresses, one of the main physiological and ecological reasons for the large-area death of forests in extreme drought events in recent years. The plant hydraulic conductivity is an important component of a plant hydraulic structure and refers to the capability of a plant water conveying pipeline for conveying water, wherein the plant water conveying pipeline mainly comprises a conduit system of a angiosperm and a sieve tube system of a gymnosperm, the conduit length is used as one of conduit anatomical characteristics, and the plant water conveying requirement is met in a special extreme geometric form (extremely large length/inner diameter ratio) in the long-term evolution process. The increase in the length of the conduit is beneficial to improving the water transportation efficiency, but is more threatened by cavitation, so the length of the conduit is the neutralization effect of the high efficiency and safety of the water transportation of plants. The maximum hydraulic conductivity of the plant reflects the maximum water transport capacity of a non-embolized pipeline system, is a core index of hydraulic structure research, forms a multi-node regulation and control network with other functional characters of the plant, and jointly determines a water adaptation strategy of the species. The regulation of hydraulic conductivity and safety is one of important functional characters of woody plants for maintaining the relationship of water in the woody plants. Under the environmental stress, the xylem water is under negative pressure in the water delivery process of plants, and the water column in the conduit or the tracheae breaks to generate cavitation, so that embolism is caused, and the water conductivity is reduced. Different plants have different cavitation resistance, and researches show that the cavitation proportion of xylem in a natural state is one of important indexes of drought resistance of the plants. Therefore, under a changing environment, the plant hydraulic structure is closely related to a species adaptation strategy, and the accurate measurement of the length of the longest guide tube of the plant, the cavitation proportion in a natural state and the maximum hydraulic conductivity are the precondition for researching the water content relation of the plant.
Low pressure flow techniques are currently the most commonly used method for quantitatively determining xylem hydraulic structures. The principle is that a sealed sleeve is used to sleeve the stem or root of plant to be tested, the upper end of the sample is connected with a flushing solution with a certain height, and the lower end is connected with a balance to measure and calculate the flow rate (hydraulic conductivity) of the flushing solution after passing through the sample. The specific process is as follows: firstly, measuring the mass of flushing liquid flowing through a water delivery pipeline system in unit time by using a 6 kPa-10 kPa flushing solution to obtain the initial water conductivity Kx of the xylem; directly pressing the flushing solution to raise the pressure of the flushing solution to 110-175 kPa by using high air pressure so as to expel air pockets in the embolized catheter; then using a flushing solution of 6 kPa-10 kPa to measure the flushing fluid mass flowing through the water delivery pipeline system in unit time, and calculating the maximum hydraulic conductivity; dividing the initial water conductivity by the maximum hydraulic conductivity to obtain the cavitation ratio in the natural state.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for measuring the initial water conductivity and the maximum hydraulic conductivity by using the method in the prior art comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder 1', a pressure regulating valve 2', a pressure tank 3', a water pressure meter 4', a flushing liquid container 5', a three-way valve 6', a plant sample 7 to be measured, a beaker 8', an electronic balance 9' and a computer 10'. The device is a standard setting of a plant moisture relation research laboratory, takes a plant pressure chamber as a core, is additionally provided with an external component and is used for measuring the maximum hydraulic conductivity of plants, and no commercialized instrument is currently seen. However, this device has the following disadvantages: 1) The operation steps are more, the branches are required to be washed for multiple times under different pressures, and the washing pressures required by the branches of different tree species are different, so that the operation process is too complex; 2) The automation degree is low, and a tester is required to adjust the pressure of the pressure chamber and the pressure tank in different steps and observe and record the pressure change and balance reading at any time, so that the measurement efficiency and the measurement precision depend on the technical proficiency of the tester; 3) The working efficiency is low, 1 branch is measured for about 30 minutes, the number of samples which are usually collected in ecological large-scale research is huge, and the physiological activity of the samples is reduced due to long-time storage of the samples; therefore, when a large number of samples are measured by the device, the measurement result will decrease in accuracy as the physiological activity of the sample to be measured decreases; as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the measurement of the water conductivity of poplar and Chinese pine branches at different time after picking shows that the water conductivity value gradually decreases with the time; 4) The high-pressure gas cylinder has a plurality of restrictions on carrying and transporting in the field, and even if the high-pressure gas cylinder can be used, the high-pressure gas cylinder can be greatly limited by the gas storage capacity, and the samples can not be measured in a large batch.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide an automatic measuring device for the hydraulic structure of the woody plant and a using method thereof, which not only can effectively improve the accuracy of a measuring result, but also can simultaneously measure more than 10 branches, thereby achieving the purpose of rapidly and accurately measuring the maximum hydraulic conductivity of the woody plant and providing a powerful tool for researching important physiological and ecological problems such as the adaptation mechanism of the hydraulic structure of the plant under adverse stress; on this basis, the device can also simultaneously measure the longest catheter length and the cavitation proportion under the natural state.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an automatic measuring device for a woody plant hydraulic structure comprises a multi-channel measuring device, a computer control system, a hydraulic conductivity measuring system, a data acquisition system, a pump valve executing mechanism and a weighing mechanism, wherein the computer control system, the hydraulic conductivity measuring system, the data acquisition system, the pump valve executing mechanism and the weighing mechanism are connected with the multi-channel measuring device; the multichannel measuring device comprises a public water pipeline, one end of the public water pipeline is connected with a water tank through a water inlet pipe, and the pump valve executing mechanism is arranged on the water inlet pipe between the public water pipeline and the water tank; the other end of the public water pipeline is provided with a plurality of channels to be tested which are used for being connected with plant samples to be tested, and a weighing mechanism is respectively arranged below each channel to be tested; the computer control system sends a control signal to the pump valve executing mechanism through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system to regulate the pressure of liquid entering the public water pipeline and simultaneously control the opening and closing of each channel to be measured; the data acquisition system detects the pressure of the flushing solution entering the public water pipeline and the weight data of the weighing mechanism respectively, and sends the pressure data and the weight data to the computer control system through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system.
Further, the pump valve actuating mechanism comprises first to third actuating mechanisms; the first actuating mechanism comprises a pressure pump, a pressure stabilizing pump, a pressure valve and a pressure stabilizing valve, wherein the inlets of the pressure pump and the pressure stabilizing pump are connected in parallel and then connected with the outlet of the water tank, and the outlets of the pressure pump and the pressure stabilizing pump are connected in parallel and then connected with the inlet of the public water pipeline; the pressurizing valve and the pressure stabilizing valve are respectively arranged at the outlet ends of the pressurizing pump and the pressure stabilizing pump, and the pressures of the pressurizing pump and the pressure stabilizing pump outlet ends are regulated; the second executing mechanism comprises a plurality of channel electromagnetic valves, and each channel electromagnetic valve is respectively arranged at the tail end of each channel to be detected and used for controlling the opening and closing of each channel to be detected; the third actuating mechanism comprises a pressure release valve which is arranged at the tail end of the public water pipeline; the pressurizing valve, the pressure stabilizing valve, the pressure relief valve and the channel valves are respectively connected with the hydraulic conductivity measuring system through control lines.
Further, the rated power of the booster pump is 120W, the lift is 12 m-15 m, the flow is 1L/Min, the inner diameter is 15mm, and the pressure control range is 0-300 KPA.
Further, the power of the pressure stabilizing pump is 3W, the lift is 1 m-2 m, the flow is 0.3L/Min, the inner diameter is 2mm, and the pressure control range of the pressure stabilizing pump is 0-200 KPA.
Further, the power of the channel electromagnetic valve is 4.8W, the pressure range is-0.15 MPa-0.8 MPa, and the channel electromagnetic valve is in a normally closed electromagnetic switch control mode.
Further, the weighing mechanism comprises a beaker and a weighing unit, the beaker is placed on the weighing unit, and the beaker opening is opposite to the plant sample to be measured, which is connected with the channel to be measured.
Further, the data acquisition system comprises a pressure data acquisition control unit, a weighing data acquisition control unit and a data transmission and storage unit; the pressure data acquisition control unit adopts a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is arranged at the water inlet of the public water pipeline, and the pressure data acquired by the pressure sensor is sent to the computer control system through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system; the weighing data acquisition control unit is used for controlling and data acquisition of each weighing mechanism according to a preset period and sending the weighing mechanism to the computer control system for processing and displaying; the data acquisition and storage unit is used for transmitting and storing all data.
Further, the pressure range of the pressure sensor is 0-700 KPa, and the sensitivity is 0.1KPa.
The application method of the automatic measuring device for the hydraulic structure of the woody plant comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a plant sample to be detected;
2) Removing bubbles in a channel to be measured of a measuring device, subtracting 2cm from two ends of a plant sample to be measured in water, and installing the plant sample to be measured at the tail end of the channel to be measured in water;
3) After the plant sample to be measured is installed, if the longest conduit length of the plant sample to be measured is required to be measured, the step 4) is carried out, if the cavitation degree of the plant sample to be measured in a natural state is required to be measured, the step 5) is carried out, and if the maximum hydraulic conductivity of the plant sample to be measured is required to be measured, the step 6) is carried out;
4) Opening a pressure stabilizing pump and a pressure stabilizing valve, flushing branches by adopting 6kpa low pressure, and repeatedly pruning under water until bubbles are seen to uniformly emerge from the center of a plant sample to be tested, wherein the length of the plant sample to be tested at the moment is the length of the longest conduit;
5) Connecting the installed plant sample to be measured to a corresponding weighing unit, flushing the plant sample to be measured by adopting 6kpa low pressure, recording the dripping weight, ending the measurement after the data is stable, calculating the hydraulic conductivity in a natural state according to the low flow rate at the moment, and dividing the hydraulic conductivity by the maximum hydraulic conductivity to obtain cavitation proportion;
6) The installed plant sample to be measured is connected to a corresponding weighing unit, and high-pressure flushing is started: determining that the pressure adjusting range is 210 kPa-275 kPa according to the needs of the plant sample to be detected, flushing at high pressure for 3min, stopping for 2min, repeating for 3 times, and completely removing cavitation in the water pipe of the plant sample to be detected; after the high-pressure flushing is finished, the maximum hydraulic conductivity measurement is carried out: opening a pressure relief valve to relieve the pressure to the measured pressure required by the plant sample to be measured, and opening a pressure stabilizing pump and a pressure stabilizing valve to keep the pressure stable; and (3) carrying out zero resetting operation on the symmetrical weight unit, waiting for zero resetting to be finished, starting timing measurement, and ending the measurement after the data are stable.
Further, in the step 2), the method for removing bubbles in the channel to be measured of the measuring device comprises the following steps: opening a computer control system, determining pressure values according to different test item requirements, sending out commands for opening a pressurizing pump and a pressurizing valve, sending commands to the pressurizing pump and the pressurizing valve after a pump valve control unit in the hydraulic conductivity measuring system receives the commands, and executing the commands, wherein flushing solution in a water tank starts to flow from a water inlet pipe to a public water pipeline, and at the moment, a pressure sensor collects the pressure of an inlet of the public water pipeline and sends the pressure to the computer control system for display through a hydraulic conductivity measuring system; before installing the plant sample to be tested, opening a pressurizing pump and a pressurizing valve, adjusting the pressure value to 300kPa or more, and thoroughly removing bubbles in the channel to be tested.
The invention adopts the technical proposal that the invention has the following innovation points: 1. the invention adopts multiple channels to simultaneously carry out pressurized flushing, simultaneous measurement and simultaneous data acquisition and transmission, and software automatically calculates the hydraulic conductivity and the maximum hydraulic conductivity value of the plant in a natural state, thereby completely realizing automation and being suitable for large-scale sample hydraulic structure research in ecology; 2. the invention adopts the pulse modulation (PWM) technology to control the voltage of the pressure pump, thereby controlling the rotation speed of the pump, and finally controlling the pressure by controlling the flow of water, achieving the purpose of accurately controlling the flow rate of the water passing through the branches, and effectively improving the accuracy of the measurement result. 3. The invention adopts the millisecond-level to poll 10 weighing modules for control and data acquisition and sends the weighing modules to the computer software, and the computer software displays the weight change in real time and can store and output the weight change, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of the hydraulic conductivity measurement. 4. The invention is provided with the pressurizing pump and the pressure stabilizing pump to directly pressurize the branch to be measured, does not depend on the control pressure of high-pressure gas, and is very suitable for measuring in the field. 5. The invention has simple operation and high reliability when in use, and can also rapidly determine the length of the longest conduit of the branch and the cavitation proportion of the xylem in a natural state, thus being widely applied to the research of the hydraulic structure of plants and having remarkable social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a prior art connection for determining maximum hydraulic conductivity;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the device connection of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing maximum hydraulic conductance of poplar as a function of time measured in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the maximum hydraulic conductance of pine tree as a function of time measured in the examples of the present invention;
the figures are marked as follows: 1. a water tank; 2. a pressurizing pump; 3. a pressure stabilizing pump; 4. a pressurization valve; 5. a pressure stabilizing valve; 6. a common channel; 7. a control line; 8. a pressure release valve; 9. a hydraulic conductivity measurement system; 10. an electromagnetic valve; 11. a beaker; 12. a weighing unit; 13. a pressure sensor; 14. a computer control system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the automatic measuring device for the hydraulic structure of the woody plant provided by the invention comprises a multi-channel measuring device, and a computer control system, a hydraulic conductivity measuring system, a data acquisition system, a pump valve executing mechanism and a weighing mechanism which are connected with the multi-channel measuring device. The multichannel measuring device comprises a public water pipeline 6, one end of the public water pipeline 6 is connected with the water tank 1 through a water inlet pipe, and a pump valve executing mechanism is arranged on the water inlet pipe between the public water pipeline and the water tank; the other end of the public water pipeline 6 is provided with a plurality of channels to be tested which are used for being connected with plant samples to be tested, and a weighing mechanism is respectively arranged below each channel to be tested; the computer control system sends a control signal to the pump valve executing mechanism through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system to regulate the pressure of liquid entering the public water pipeline 6 and control the opening and closing of each channel to be measured; the data acquisition system detects the pressure of the flushing solution entering the public water pipeline 6 and the weight data of the weighing mechanism respectively, and sends the data to the computer control system through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the pump valve actuating mechanism comprises first to third actuating mechanisms, wherein the first actuating mechanism comprises a pressure pump 2, a pressure stabilizing pump 3, a pressure stabilizing valve 4 and a pressure stabilizing valve 5, wherein the inlets of the pressure pump 2 and the pressure stabilizing pump 3 are connected in parallel and then connected with the outlet of the water tank 1 through a water inlet pipe, and the outlets of the pressure pump 2 and the pressure stabilizing pump 3 are connected in parallel and then connected with the inlet of the public water pipeline 6; the pressurizing valve 4 and the pressure stabilizing valve 5 are respectively arranged at the outlet ends of the pressurizing pump 2 and the pressure stabilizing pump 3 and are used for adjusting the pressures at the outlet ends of the pressurizing pump 2 and the pressure stabilizing pump 3; the second executing mechanism comprises a plurality of channel electromagnetic valves 10, wherein each channel electromagnetic valve 10 is respectively arranged at the tail end of each channel to be detected and is used for controlling the opening and closing of each channel to be detected, so as to control the water flow of each channel to be detected to enter the plant sample to be detected; the third actuating mechanism comprises a pressure release valve 8, and the pressure release valve 8 is arranged at the tail end of the public water pipeline 6; the pressurizing valve 4, the pressure stabilizing valve 5, the pressure relief valve 8 and the electromagnetic valves 10 of all channels are respectively connected with the hydraulic conductivity measuring system 9 through control lines 7, the hydraulic conductivity measuring system 9 is connected with the computer control system 14, and the hydraulic conductivity measuring system is controlled by the computer control system 14.
Preferably, the rated power of the booster pump 2 is 120W, the lift is 12 m-15 m, the flow is 1L/Min, the inner diameter is 15mm, and the pressure control range of the booster pump 2 is arbitrarily regulated between 0KPA and 300KPA.
Preferably, the rated power of the stabilized pressure pump 3 is 3W, the lift is 1 m-2 m, the flow is 0.3L/Min, the inner diameter is 2mm, and the pressure control range of the stabilized pressure pump is arbitrarily regulated between 0KPA and 200KPA.
Preferably, the power of the channel electromagnetic valve 10 is 4.8W, the pressure range is-0.15 MPa-0.8 MPa, and the control mode is a normally closed electromagnetic switch control mode.
Preferably, the weighing mechanism comprises a beaker 11 and a weighing unit 12, wherein the beaker 11 is placed on the weighing unit 12, and the mouth of the beaker 11 is opposite to the plant sample to be measured connected with the measuring channel.
Preferably, the weighing cells 12 are 220g in scale, 0.0001g in precision, and each 4 weighing cells are grouped. Each weighing cell 12 has its own processor system, which is capable of weighing the weight change of the beaker 11 in real time.
Preferably, the data acquisition system comprises a pressure data acquisition control unit, a weighing data acquisition control unit and a data transmission and storage unit. The pressure data acquisition control unit adopts a pressure sensor 13, the pressure sensor 13 is arranged at the water inlet of the public water pipeline 6, and the pressure data acquired by the pressure sensor 13 is sent to the computer control system 14 through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system 9; the weighing data acquisition control unit is used for controlling and data acquisition of each weighing mechanism according to a preset period (the preset period can reach millisecond level), and sending the weighing mechanism to the computer control system 14 for processing and displaying through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system 9; the data acquisition and storage unit is used for transmitting and storing all data.
Preferably, the computer control system controls the voltage of the pressurizing pump and the pressure stabilizing pump by adopting a pulse modulation (PWM) technology, so as to control the rotating speeds of the pressurizing pump and the pressure stabilizing pump, and finally, the pressure is controlled by controlling the flow of water, so that the pressure control automation is realized, and the aims of accurately controlling the pressure and keeping the pressure for a long time are fulfilled.
Preferably, the pressure of the pressure sensor 13 is in the range of 0 to 700KPa and the sensitivity is 0.1KPa.
Preferably, the plant sample to be tested is a shoot, branch or root of a woody plant.
Preferably, the connecting pipe is a transparent and smooth silica gel soft water pipe.
Based on the automatic measuring device of the woody plant hydraulic structure, the invention also provides a using method of the automatic measuring device of the woody plant hydraulic structure, which comprises the following test items:
a) Automated determination of longest catheter length
(1) The computer control system 14 is opened, the computer control system 14 determines the pressure value according to the requirements of different test projects such as bubble removal, high-pressure flushing of samples, low-pressure measurement and the like of the system, a command for opening a pressurizing pump and a pressurizing valve is sent out through an RS232 communication interface, after the command is received by a pump valve control unit in the hydraulic conductivity measuring system, the command is sent out to the pressurizing pump and the pressurizing valve and is executed, flushing solution in a water tank starts to flow to the public water pipeline 6 from a water inlet pipe, at the moment, the pressure sensor 13 collects the pressure at the inlet of the public water pipeline 6, and the pressure is sent to the computer control system 14 for display through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system 9.
(2) Before installing the plant sample to be tested, opening the pressurizing pump 2 and the pressurizing valve 4, adjusting the pressure value to 300kPa or more, thoroughly removing bubbles in the channel to be tested, then connecting the plant sample to be tested to the water outlet of the channel to be tested, and continuing the subsequent operation.
(3) Cutting off end branches which grow for 2-5 years as plant samples to be detected, wherein the length of the end branches is 2 times longer than the length of the longest catheter, and the diameter of the end branches is about 5-8mm, and immediately carrying the end branches back to a laboratory for measurement by wet gauze;
(4) Removing bubbles in a channel to be measured of a measuring device, subtracting 2cm from two ends of a plant sample to be measured in water, and installing the plant sample to be measured on the channel to be measured in water;
(5) After the plant sample to be tested is installed, the pressure stabilizing pump 3 and the pressure stabilizing valve 5 are opened, branches are washed by adopting low pressure (6 kpa), and the branches are repeatedly pruned under water until bubbles are seen to uniformly emerge from the center of the plant sample to be tested, and the length at the moment is the length of the longest guide pipe. As the device can measure more than 10 branches at the same time, the working efficiency is obviously improved for ecological field investigation.
B) Automated measurement of cavitation degree in natural state
(1) Repeating steps (1) and (2) in A);
(2) Cutting off a tail end branch which grows for 2-5 years as a plant sample to be detected, wherein the length of the tail end branch is 1.5 times of the length of the longest catheter, the diameter of the tail end branch is about 5-8mm, wrapping the tail end branch by wet gauze, and immediately carrying the tail end branch back to a laboratory for measurement;
(3) Removing bubbles in a channel to be measured of a measuring device, subtracting 2cm from two ends of a plant sample to be measured in water, and installing the plant sample to be measured on the channel to be measured in water;
(4) And (3) connecting the installed plant sample to be measured to a corresponding weighing unit, flushing branches by adopting low pressure (6 kpa), recording the weight of dripping water, and ending measurement after the data are stable.
(5) And calculating the hydraulic conductivity in a natural state according to the low flow rate at the moment, and dividing the hydraulic conductivity by the maximum hydraulic conductivity to obtain the cavitation proportion.
(6) After A, the branches can be directly washed by low pressure (6 kpa), the hydraulic conductivity in the natural state is calculated, and the hydraulic conductivity is divided by the maximum hydraulic conductivity to obtain the cavitation proportion in the natural state.
C) Automated determination of maximum hydraulic conductivity
(1) Repeating steps (1) and (2) in A;
(2) Cutting a plant sample to be detected of a tail branch which grows for 2-5 years, wherein the length of the plant sample is 1.5 times of the length of the longest catheter, and the diameter of the plant sample is about 5-8mm, and immediately carrying the plant sample back to a laboratory for measurement by wet gauze;
(1) Removing bubbles in a channel to be measured of a measuring device, subtracting 2cm from two ends of a plant sample to be measured in water, and installing the plant sample to be measured on the channel to be measured in water;
(3) And connecting the installed plant sample to be measured to a corresponding weighing unit, and starting high-pressure flushing. The pressure range is regulated to be 210 kPa-275 kPa (the pressure difference is usually 110 kPa-175 kPa) according to the requirement of the sample to be measured, the high-pressure flushing is carried out for 3min, the high-pressure flushing is stopped for 2min, the repeated operation is carried out for 3 times, and the cavitation in the branch water delivery pipe is completely removed.
(4) And after the high-pressure flushing is finished, the maximum hydraulic conductivity measurement is started. The pressure relief valve is opened to relieve the pressure to the required measured pressure of the sample to be measured, which is generally 106-110kPa (the required pressure difference is 6-10 kPa), and the pressure stabilizing pump and the pressure stabilizing valve are opened to keep the pressure stable.
(5) And (3) starting the zeroing operation of the symmetrical weight unit, waiting for the zeroing to be completed, and starting timing measurement. After the data are stable, the measurement is finished, and the measurement time is generally 15-30 min depending on the sample.
The foregoing embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, wherein the structures, connection modes, manufacturing processes, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An automatic measuring device of woody plant hydraulic structure which characterized in that: the system comprises a multichannel measuring device, a computer control system, a hydraulic conductivity measuring system, a data acquisition system, a pump valve executing mechanism and a weighing mechanism, wherein the computer control system, the hydraulic conductivity measuring system, the data acquisition system, the pump valve executing mechanism and the weighing mechanism are connected with the multichannel measuring device;
the multichannel measuring device comprises a public water pipeline, one end of the public water pipeline is connected with a water tank through a water inlet pipe, and the pump valve executing mechanism is arranged on the water inlet pipe between the public water pipeline and the water tank;
the other end of the public water pipeline is provided with a plurality of channels to be tested which are used for being connected with plant samples to be tested, and a weighing mechanism is respectively arranged below each channel to be tested;
the computer control system sends a control signal to the pump valve executing mechanism through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system to regulate the pressure of liquid entering the public water pipeline and simultaneously control the opening and closing of each channel to be measured;
the data acquisition system detects the pressure of the flushing solution entering the public water pipeline and the weight data of the weighing mechanism respectively, and sends the pressure data and the weight data to the computer control system through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system;
the pump valve executing mechanism comprises first to third executing mechanisms;
the first actuating mechanism comprises a pressure pump, a pressure stabilizing pump, a pressure valve and a pressure stabilizing valve, wherein the inlets of the pressure pump and the pressure stabilizing pump are connected in parallel and then connected with the outlet of the water tank, and the outlets of the pressure pump and the pressure stabilizing pump are connected in parallel and then connected with the inlet of the public water pipeline; the pressurizing valve and the pressure stabilizing valve are respectively arranged at the outlet ends of the pressurizing pump and the pressure stabilizing pump, and the pressures of the pressurizing pump and the pressure stabilizing pump outlet ends are regulated;
the second executing mechanism comprises a plurality of channel electromagnetic valves, and each channel electromagnetic valve is respectively arranged at the tail end of each channel to be detected and used for controlling the opening and closing of each channel to be detected;
the third actuating mechanism comprises a pressure release valve which is arranged at the tail end of the public water pipeline;
the pressurizing valve, the pressure stabilizing valve, the pressure releasing valve and the channel valves are respectively connected with the hydraulic conductivity measuring system through control lines, and the computer control system controls the voltage and the rotating speed of the pressurizing pump and the pressure stabilizing pump by adopting a pulse modulation technology.
2. An automated measurement device for the hydraulic structure of woody plants as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the rated power of the booster pump is 120W, the lift is 12 m-15 m, the flow is 1L/Min, the inner diameter is 15mm, and the pressure control range is 0-300 KPA.
3. An automated measurement device for the hydraulic structure of woody plants as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the power of the pressure stabilizing pump is 3W, the lift is 1 m-2 m, the flow is 0.3L/Min, the inner diameter is 2mm, and the pressure control range of the pressure stabilizing pump is 0-200 KPA.
4. An automated measurement device for the hydraulic structure of woody plants as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the power of the channel electromagnetic valve is 4.8W, the pressure range is-0.15 MPa-0.8 MPa, and the channel electromagnetic valve is in a normally closed electromagnetic switch control mode.
5. An automated measurement device for the hydraulic structure of woody plants as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the weighing mechanism comprises a beaker and a weighing unit, the beaker is placed on the weighing unit, and the beaker opening is opposite to the plant sample to be measured, which is connected with the channel to be measured.
6. An automated measurement device for the hydraulic structure of woody plants as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the data acquisition system comprises a pressure data acquisition control unit, a weighing data acquisition control unit and a data transmission and storage unit;
the pressure data acquisition control unit adopts a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is arranged at the water inlet of the public water pipeline, and the pressure data acquired by the pressure sensor is sent to the computer control system through the hydraulic conductivity measuring system;
the weighing data acquisition control unit is used for controlling and data acquisition of each weighing mechanism according to a preset period and sending the weighing mechanism to the computer control system for processing and displaying;
the data transmission and storage unit is used for transmitting and storing all data.
7. An automated measurement device for the hydraulic structure of woody plants as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the pressure range of the pressure sensor is 0-700 KPa, and the sensitivity is 0.1KPa.
8. A method of using the automated measurement device for hydraulic structures of woody plants according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a plant sample to be detected;
2) Removing bubbles in a channel to be measured of a measuring device, subtracting 2cm from two ends of a plant sample to be measured in water, and installing the plant sample to be measured at the tail end of the channel to be measured in water;
3) After the plant sample to be measured is installed, if the longest conduit length of the plant sample to be measured is required to be measured, the step 4) is carried out, if the cavitation degree of the plant sample to be measured in a natural state is required to be measured, the step 5) is carried out, and if the maximum hydraulic conductivity of the plant sample to be measured is required to be measured, the step 6) is carried out;
4) Opening a pressure stabilizing pump and a pressure stabilizing valve, flushing branches by adopting 6kpa low pressure, and repeatedly pruning under water until bubbles are seen to uniformly emerge from the center of a plant sample to be tested, wherein the length of the plant sample to be tested at the moment is the length of the longest conduit;
5) Connecting the installed plant sample to be measured to a corresponding weighing unit, flushing the plant sample to be measured by adopting 6kpa low pressure, recording the dripping weight, ending the measurement after the data is stable, calculating the hydraulic conductivity in a natural state according to the low flow rate at the moment, and dividing the hydraulic conductivity by the maximum hydraulic conductivity to obtain cavitation proportion;
6) The installed plant sample to be measured is connected to a corresponding weighing unit, and high-pressure flushing is started: determining that the pressure adjusting range is 210 kPa-275 kPa according to the needs of the plant sample to be detected, flushing at high pressure for 3min, stopping for 2min, repeating for 3 times, and completely removing cavitation in the water pipe of the plant sample to be detected; after the high-pressure flushing is finished, the maximum hydraulic conductivity measurement is carried out: opening a pressure relief valve to relieve the pressure to the measured pressure required by the plant sample to be measured, and opening a pressure stabilizing pump and a pressure stabilizing valve to keep the pressure stable; and (3) carrying out zero resetting operation on the symmetrical weight unit, waiting for zero resetting to be finished, starting timing measurement, and ending the measurement after the data are stable.
9. The method of using an automated measurement apparatus for hydraulic structures of woody plants according to claim 8, wherein: in the step 2), the method for removing bubbles in the channel to be measured of the measuring device comprises the following steps:
opening a computer control system, determining pressure values according to different test item requirements, sending out commands for opening a pressurizing pump and a pressurizing valve, sending commands to the pressurizing pump and the pressurizing valve after a pump valve control unit in the hydraulic conductivity measuring system receives the commands, and executing the commands, wherein flushing solution in a water tank starts to flow from a water inlet pipe to a public water pipeline, and at the moment, a pressure sensor collects the pressure of an inlet of the public water pipeline and sends the pressure to the computer control system for display through a hydraulic conductivity measuring system;
before installing the plant sample to be tested, opening a pressurizing pump and a pressurizing valve, adjusting the pressure value to 300kPa or more, and thoroughly removing bubbles in the channel to be tested.
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| CN201628707U (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2010-11-10 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Device capable of simultaneously measuring hydraulic conductivity of plurality of sample plants |
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