CN109990503B - Tandem pulse tube refrigerator with stepped phase modulator - Google Patents

Tandem pulse tube refrigerator with stepped phase modulator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109990503B
CN109990503B CN201711468528.1A CN201711468528A CN109990503B CN 109990503 B CN109990503 B CN 109990503B CN 201711468528 A CN201711468528 A CN 201711468528A CN 109990503 B CN109990503 B CN 109990503B
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pulse tube
phase modulator
unit
refrigerator
piston
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CN109990503A (en
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朱绍伟
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used 
    • F25B2309/1408—Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube having U-turn or L-turn type geometrical arrangements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tandem pulse tube refrigerator with a stepped phase modulator, which comprises a pulse tube unit, wherein the pulse tube unit comprises n stages of pulse tube subunits, n is an integer more than or equal to 2, each stage of pulse tube subunit comprises a radiator, a heat regenerator, a cold quantity heat exchanger and a pulse tube which are sequentially connected, the n stages of pulse tube subunits are connected in series, the pulse tube unit is connected into the stepped phase modulator, the stepped phase modulator comprises a stepped cylinder, a stepped piston, a back cavity and a plurality of stepped front cavities, the back cavity is connected into the radiator of the first stage of pulse tube subunit, and the stepped front cavities are connected into the pulse tube hot ends of the n stages of pulse tube subunits. Compared with the prior art, the pulse tube refrigerator overcomes the defects of the existing tandem pulse tube refrigerator, and the stepped phase modulator is connected to the hot end of the pulse tube refrigerator unit, so that each pulse tube refrigerator unit can obtain a good phase modulation effect, the loss is reduced, refrigeration, power generation and heating can be realized, and triple supply of heat, electricity and cold is realized.

Description

Tandem pulse tube refrigerator with stepped phase modulator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refrigerators, in particular to a tandem pulse tube refrigerator with a stepped phase modulator.
Background
The pulse tube refrigerator is a gas refrigerator, and its principle is that the gas can be expanded in pulse tube to do work and make refrigeration, and the gas in pulse tube can be divided into three portions, one portion is gas to be expanded, and is low-temp., one portion is gas used as gas piston, and another portion is gas which is flowed from phase-regulating device and flowed back into phase-regulating device, and is room-temp.
In order to overcome the defect that the expansion function of the pulse tube refrigerator cannot be recovered, a tandem pulse tube refrigerator is provided, namely a second pulse tube refrigerator unit is connected behind a first pulse tube refrigerator unit to utilize the expansion function of the first pulse tube refrigerator unit to refrigerate, so that extra refrigerating capacity is obtained to improve efficiency, but the design has the defects that the phase modulation of the former unit is poor, and the actual effect is greatly reduced. If the cold head of the first stage is arranged in a high-temperature heat source, the first stage is changed into an engine, the input work of the compressor is amplified, the second stage can obtain large cold quantity, the heat source can be used for refrigeration, but the defect is obvious, the work is input under the condition that the first stage can do work, the operation is unreasonable, and the phase modulation capability of the first stage is poor due to the structure, and the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the conventional tandem pulse tube refrigerator, the invention provides the tandem pulse tube refrigerator with the stepped phase modulator.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a tandem formula pulse tube refrigerator with cascaded phase modulator, includes the pulse tube unit, the pulse tube unit includes n grades of pulse tube subelement, and n is more than or equal to 2's integer, and wherein, each grade of pulse tube subelement is including the radiator, regenerator, cold volume heat exchanger and the pulse tube that connect gradually, and n grades of pulse tube subelement establishes ties, the pulse tube unit inserts cascaded phase modulator, cascaded phase modulator includes cascaded cylinder, cascaded piston and the back of the body chamber and a plurality of cascaded ante chamber that form by cascaded cylinder and cascaded piston, the back of the body chamber insert the radiator of first grade pulse tube subelement, cascaded ante chamber insert each pulse tube hot junction of n grades of pulse tube subelement.
The principle of the invention is that a cascade phase modulator is introduced into a serial pulse tube refrigerator, each level of phase modulation can be performed and expansion work can be recovered, and the recovered expansion work can be used for the input of a first-level pulse tube subunit, so that the input work is reduced to zero or output work to the outside, and the combined supply of cold, heat and power is realized. In addition, the stepped front cavity of the stepped phase modulator is connected to the pulse tube hot end of each pulse tube refrigerator unit, so that the heat regenerator of each pulse tube refrigerator unit can obtain a good phase modulation effect, and a proper phase is obtained to obtain high heat regeneration efficiency, thereby reducing heat regeneration loss.
Further, the pulse tube unit is connected into the compressor, the compressor comprises a compression cylinder, a compression piston and a compression cavity, the back cavity is communicated with the compression cavity, the pressure ratio can be greatly improved under the action of the compressor, and therefore the refrigerating capacity is increased.
Furthermore, the compressor is a stepped compressor, and comprises a plurality of stages of compression cavities which are respectively connected with the pulse tube subunits of each stage, so that the flow passing through the first unit can be reduced, the flow resistance is reduced, and the heat regeneration efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, the multistage compression cavities of the stepped compressor are respectively connected with the pulse tube hot ends of each stage of pulse tube subunit to assist phase modulation and increase the pressure ratio.
Further, the compression piston moves in a mode of forming a vibrator with the spring.
Further, the pulse tube subunit is connected with an inertia tube unit, and the inertia tube unit comprises an inertia tube and a gas reservoir.
Further, the pushing piston of the stepped phase modulator moves in a mode of forming a vibrator with a spring.
Furthermore, the stepped phase modulator is connected with the air reservoir, and a pushing piston rod of the stepped phase modulator is inserted into the air reservoir.
Further, n is 2, and the stepped phase modulator is a second-order phase modulator.
Furthermore, the first stage pulse tube unit works in a high temperature area to absorb heat and generate work, and the second stage pulse tube unit is arranged in a cold source area to refrigerate, so that a heat energy refrigeration working mode is formed.
Compared with the common serial pulse tube refrigerator, the serial pulse tube refrigerator with the stepped phase modulator can obtain good phase modulation and can degrade the compressor into a pressure-regulating piston. Compared with a common VM refrigerator with a pressure regulating piston, the VM refrigerator with the pressure regulating piston has the advantages that one moving part can be reduced, the reliability can be increased, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, the first-stage refrigeration unit and the second refrigeration unit are connected in series, the work of the first stage is directly input into the second stage without being transferred through the pushing piston, and therefore the loss caused in the transfer process is reduced. The invention can refrigerate, generate electricity and heat, thereby realizing the combined supply of heat, electricity and cold.
The present invention overcomes the defects of the existing serial pulse tube refrigerator, and the stepped front cavity of the stepped phase modulator is connected to the hot end of the pulse tube of each pulse tube refrigerator unit, so that each pulse tube refrigerator unit can obtain good phase modulation effect, and the loss is further reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of example 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of example 10 of the present invention;
in the figure: the pulse tube refrigerator comprises a first pulse tube refrigerator unit 10, a first radiator 11, a first regenerator 12, a first cold heat exchanger 13, a first pulse tube 14, a second pulse tube refrigerator unit 20, a second radiator 21, a second regenerator 22, a second cold heat exchanger 23, a second pulse tube 24, a compressor 60, a compression piston 61, a compression cylinder 62, a compression cavity 63, a first compression cavity 631, a second compression cavity 632, a compressor spring 641, an inertia tube unit 40, an inertia tube 41, an air reservoir 42, a phase modulator 50, a two-stage stepped push piston 511, a two-stage stepped cylinder 512, a first push piston front cavity 513, a second push piston front cavity 523, a push piston back cavity 533, a push piston spring 541, a push piston rod 542 and an air reservoir 551.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the first pulse tube refrigerator unit 10 of the present embodiment is a two-stage tandem pulse tube refrigerator, and includes a first heat sink 11, a first heat regenerator 12, a first cold heat exchanger 13, and a first pulse tube 14. The first pulse tube 14 is connected with a second pulse tube refrigerator unit 20, which comprises a second radiator 21, a second regenerator 22, a second cold heat exchanger 23 and a second pulse tube 24. The compressor 60 includes a compression piston 61, a compression cylinder 62, and a compression chamber 63. Compression chamber 63 is connected to first radiator 11, and phase modulator 50 is a second-order phase modulator, and includes second-stage stepped push piston 511 and second-stage stepped cylinder 512, so as to form first push piston front chamber 513, second push piston front chamber 523 and push piston back chamber 533. First push piston front chamber 513 is connected to the hot end of first pulse tube 14, second push piston front chamber 523 is connected to the hot end of second pulse tube 24, and push piston back chamber 533 is connected to first heat sink 11.
The specific working principle is as follows:
in the cooling operation mode, the compressor piston 61 and the stepped pushing piston 511 reciprocate to generate pressure waves and reciprocating gas flows. The first radiator 11 and the second radiator 21 are placed at room temperature for heat dissipation, the first cold heat exchanger 13 is placed in a cold source for heat absorption to generate refrigerating capacity, the second cold heat exchanger 23 is placed in the cold source for heat absorption to generate refrigerating capacity, the step pushing piston 511 absorbs the expansion work of the pulse tube absorbed by the first pushing piston front cavity 513 and the second pushing piston front cavity 523 and transfers the expansion work to the pushing piston back cavity 533, then the expansion work is combined with the input work of the compressor and is used for inputting work to the first refrigerating unit 10, a part of the expansion work of the first pulse tube 14 is used for inputting work to the second refrigerating unit 20, and a part of the expansion work is absorbed by the first pushing piston front cavity 513. In operation, piston 61 is out of phase with pusher piston 511 to minimize regenerator losses.
In the thermal energy cooling mode, the compressor piston 61 and the stepped pushing piston 511 reciprocate to generate pressure waves and reciprocating gas flows. The first radiator 11 and the second radiator 21 are placed at room temperature for heat dissipation, the first cold heat exchanger 13 is placed at a high-temperature heat source for heat absorption to generate work, the second cold heat exchanger 23 is placed at a cold source for heat absorption to generate refrigerating capacity, the step pushing piston 511 absorbs the expansion work of the pulse tube absorbed by the first pushing piston front cavity 513 and the second pushing piston front cavity 523 and transfers the expansion work to the pushing piston back cavity 533, and then the expansion work and the input work of the compressor 60 are combined to be used for inputting the work to the first refrigerating unit 10. A part of the expansion work of the first pulse tube 14 is used for inputting work to the second refrigerating unit 20, a part of the expansion work is absorbed by the first pushing piston front chamber 513, and the compression piston 61 does not output or input work to the outside, thereby playing a role of controlling the pressure ratio.
The first pulse tube refrigerator unit 10 is directly connected with the second pulse tube refrigerator unit 20, and the work input to the second stage by the first pulse tube 14 is directly input to the second stage without being transmitted by a pushing piston, so that the loss caused by the transmission process is reduced. First pusher piston front chamber 513 absorbs a portion of the work of first pulse tube 14 and transfers it to back chamber 533 for amplification along with the work absorbed by second pusher piston front chamber 523. The work of the back cavity 533 is amplified at high temperature by the first pulse tube refrigerator unit 10, thereby achieving the purpose of thermal refrigeration.
Compared with a VM refrigerator, the refrigerator has the same function as the VM refrigerator with the pressure regulating piston, and the two pushing pistons of the VM refrigerator with the pressure regulating piston are equivalent to the stepped pushing pistons, so that the number of moving parts is reduced to two, and the structure is greatly simplified.
When the heat energy refrigeration and power generation working mode is adopted, the compressor piston 61 and the step pushing piston 511 reciprocate to generate pressure waves and reciprocating gas flow. The first radiator 11 and the second radiator 21 are placed at room temperature for heat dissipation, the first cold heat exchanger 13 is placed at a high-temperature heat source for heat absorption to generate work, the second cold heat exchanger 23 is placed at a cold source for heat absorption to generate refrigerating capacity, the step pushing piston 511 absorbs the expansion work of the pulse tube absorbed by the first pushing piston front cavity 513 and the second pushing piston front cavity 523 and transfers the expansion work to the pushing piston back cavity 533, and then the expansion work and the input work of the compressor 60 are combined to be used for inputting the work to the first refrigerating unit 10. A part of the expansion work of the first pulse tube 14 is used for inputting work to the second refrigeration unit 20, and a part of the expansion work is absorbed by the first pushing piston front chamber 513, and the compression piston 61 outputs work to the outside.
The heat energy heating mode is the same as the heat energy refrigeration mode, and the first radiator 11 and the second radiator 21 are placed at room temperature for heat dissipation, and the dissipated heat is the sum of the heat absorbed by the high-temperature heat source and the heat absorbed by the low-temperature heat source. The compression piston can output work outwards, and the work can be input from the outside through the compression piston, so that the operation is more flexible.
Example 2
When the first pulse tube refrigerator unit 10 absorbs heat from a high temperature heat source and the second pulse tube refrigerator unit 20 cools, the compressor 60 may be eliminated, as shown in fig. 2. This embodiment eliminates the compressor 60 of embodiment 1 and provides only the phase modulator 50 in the two-stage tandem pulse tube refrigerator. The first stage refrigeration unit 10 and the second refrigeration unit 20 are connected in series, and the working principle is that the step pushing piston 511 reciprocates to generate pressure waves and reciprocating gas flow, the step pushing piston 511 absorbs expansion work from a pulse tube through the first pushing piston front cavity 513 and the second pushing piston front cavity 523 and transfers the expansion work to the pushing piston back cavity 533, then the expansion work is input into the first refrigeration unit 10 for amplification, a part of the expansion work of the first pulse tube 14 is input into the second refrigeration unit 20, and a part of the expansion work is absorbed by the first pushing piston front cavity 513.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment connects embodiment 2 to an inertial tube unit 40. The inertance tube unit 40 includes an inertance tube 41 and a gas reservoir 42. Back chamber 533 communicates with inertance tube 41. The working principle is that the step pushing piston 511 reciprocates to generate pressure waves and reciprocating gas flow, the step pushing piston 511 absorbs expansion work from a pulse tube through the first pushing piston front cavity 513 and the second pushing piston front cavity 523 and transfers the expansion work to the pushing piston back cavity 533, then the expansion work and the input work of the inertia tube 41 are combined to be used for inputting work to the first refrigeration unit 10, a part of the expansion work of the first pulse tube 14 is used for inputting work to the second refrigeration unit 20, and a part of the expansion work is absorbed by the first pushing piston front cavity 513. The inertance tube 40 functions as the compressor 60 to regulate the pressure ratio.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, based on embodiment 3, an inertia tube unit 40 is respectively connected to the pulse tubes of the first pulse tube refrigerator unit 10 and the second pulse tube refrigerator unit 10.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, the compressor 60 of embodiment 1 is configured to have a step shape, so as to generate a first compression chamber 631 and a second compression chamber 632, the first compression chamber 631 is connected to the first pulse tube refrigerator unit 10, and the second compression chamber 632 is connected to the second pulse tube refrigerator unit 20, so that the flow rate flowing through the first pulse tube refrigerator unit 10 can be reduced, thereby reducing the flow resistance and improving the heat recovery efficiency.
The working principle is the same as in embodiment 1.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 6, in this embodiment, in addition to embodiment 1, the compression piston of the compressor and the displacement piston of the phase adjuster are moved in a manner of forming a vibrator with a spring, and in the figure, 541 is a displacement piston spring, 641 is a compressor spring, and 542 is a displacement piston rod.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 7, in this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 2, the pushing piston of the phase modulator 50 is moved in a vibrator manner with a spring, and the compressor 60 is disposed on the pulse tube of the first pulse tube refrigerator unit 10, and the compressor 60 is also operated in a vibrator manner with a spring.
Example 8
As shown in fig. 8, in this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 6, an air reservoir 551 is provided at the front end of the phase adjuster, and the pushing piston rod 542 is inserted into the air reservoir 551, because the pressure in the air reservoir 551 is substantially the average pressure, the pushing piston rod 542 can provide an additional driving force, and the driving force is increased.
Example 9
As shown in fig. 9, this embodiment is to connect the first compression chamber 631 of embodiment 5 to the hot end of pulse tube 14 of the first pulse tube refrigerator unit 10 and the second compression chamber 632 to the hot end of pulse tube 24 of the second pulse tube refrigerator unit 20, which assists phase modulation and increases the pressure ratio.
Example 10
As shown in fig. 10, in this embodiment, in addition to embodiment 9, the stepped piston is moved by forming a vibrator with a spring, thereby simplifying the driving structure.
The compressor and the pushing piston of the above embodiments can be driven by a motor or other mechanisms.
It is worth noting that the inertance tube 40 and/or the compressor 60 can be coupled anywhere to the first pulse tube refrigerator unit 10 and the second pulse tube refrigerator unit 20, respectively.
The stepped push piston may be formed by combining common push pistons
The pushing piston and the compressor can be driven by a linear motor, a rotating motor and a crankshaft connecting rod, and can also be driven by other modes. The form of the vibrator with the spring is a simple way. The life can be very high if a form of gap seal suspended by leaf springs is used.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a tandem pulse tube refrigerator with cascaded phase modulator, includes the pulse tube unit, the pulse tube unit includes n grades of pulse tube subelement, and n is more than or equal to 2's integer, and wherein, each grade of pulse tube subelement is including the radiator, regenerator, cold volume heat exchanger and the pulse tube that connect gradually, and n grades of pulse tube subelement establishes ties, its characterized in that, the pulse tube unit inserts cascaded phase modulator, cascaded phase modulator includes cascaded cylinder, cascaded piston and by back of the body chamber and a plurality of cascaded ante chamber that cascaded cylinder and cascaded piston formed, back of the body chamber insert the radiator of first grade pulse tube subelement, each cascaded ante chamber inserts each pulse tube hot end of n grades of pulse tube subelement respectively in order.
2. The tandem pulse tube refrigerator with a stepped phase modulator according to claim 1, wherein the pulse tube unit is connected to a compressor, the compressor comprises a compression cylinder, a compression piston and a compression chamber, and the back chamber is communicated with the compression chamber.
3. The tandem pulse tube refrigerator of claim 2, wherein the compressor is a stepped compressor comprising multiple compression chambers connected to each stage of pulse tube sub-unit.
4. The tandem pulse tube refrigerator with step phase modulator according to claim 3, wherein the multi-stage compression chambers of said step compressor are connected to the pulse tube hot end of each stage of pulse tube subunit.
5. The tandem pulse tube refrigerator of claim 2, wherein the compression piston moves in a vibrator with a spring.
6. The tandem pulse tube refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the pulse tube unit is connected to the inertance tube unit.
7. The tandem pulse tube refrigerator with a step phase modulator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pushing piston of the step phase modulator moves in a vibrator manner with a spring.
8. The tandem pulse tube refrigerator of claim 7, wherein the step phase modulator is connected to an air reservoir, and a push piston rod of the step phase modulator is inserted into the air reservoir.
9. The tandem pulse tube refrigerator of claim 1, wherein n is 2 and the step phase modulator is a second order phase modulator.
10. The series pulse tube refrigerator of claim 9, wherein the first pulse tube unit is operated in a high temperature region to absorb heat and generate work, and the second pulse tube unit is placed in a cold source region to refrigerate.
CN201711468528.1A 2017-12-29 2017-12-29 Tandem pulse tube refrigerator with stepped phase modulator Active CN109990503B (en)

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JP4147697B2 (en) * 1999-09-20 2008-09-10 アイシン精機株式会社 Pulse tube refrigerator
CN104654648B (en) * 2013-11-22 2017-04-05 同济大学 A kind of multi-stage stirling type vascular refrigerator
CN105485956B (en) * 2016-01-05 2018-06-29 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Cascade regenerative refrigerator
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