CN109988980A - The plastic deformation method and aluminum or aluminum alloy of material - Google Patents
The plastic deformation method and aluminum or aluminum alloy of material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109988980A CN109988980A CN201910241223.XA CN201910241223A CN109988980A CN 109988980 A CN109988980 A CN 109988980A CN 201910241223 A CN201910241223 A CN 201910241223A CN 109988980 A CN109988980 A CN 109988980A
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- rear portion
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- material component
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of plastic deformation methods of material, to solve the technical issues of improving material microstructure.This method includes that material to be operated is made to be pushed the initial bit from mold corner extrusion channel with >=103·s‑1Or 104·s‑1Or 105·s‑1Or 106·s‑1Strain rate reach the stop bits in the corner extrusion channel and change the process to form the material operated.When make material with 103·s‑1When above strain rate passes through the corner extrusion channel, it will help form deformation twin in the material, or even huge deformation twin can be formed under certain condition, to improve material property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the severe Plastic Deformation Methods of material (referring mainly to metal, including alloy, similarly hereinafter), in particular to material
Plastic deformation method, material plastic deformation equipment and aluminum or aluminum alloy and their manufacturing method.
Background technique
The severe Plastic Deformation Methods means of material mainly include forging, rolling, high pressure torsion deformation and equal channel angular
It squeezes (Equal Channel Angular Pressing, abbreviation ECAP) etc., their generally effect is to carry out crystalline substance to material
Grain refinement promotes material property so as to improve material microstructure.Wherein, existing Equal-channel Angular Pressing method is specifically one
Kind passes through the conventional driving initial bit of the mechanical driven material from the corner extrusion channel of equal channel angular extrusion die such as hydraulic press
It is moved to stop bits and so that material is generated intensive shear strain and material cross-section is kept to be basically unchanged in the stop bits
The large plastometric set method of super fine crystal material is obtained, this method is generally considered as the important aspect for preparing super fine crystal material.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the plastic deformation equipment of a kind of plastic deformation method of material and material, to solve
The technical issues of improving material microstructure.
To achieve the goals above, according to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of plastic deformation method of material, is somebody's turn to do
Method includes that material to be operated is made to be pushed the initial bit from mold corner extrusion channel with >=103·s-1Or 104·s-1Or
105·s-1Or 106·s-1Strain rate reach the stop bits in the corner extrusion channel and change to form the material operated
Process.
It is further that the above method specifically includes: material to be operated is made to be in the initial of the corner extrusion channel
Position；Percussion mechanism is set to discharge impact energy to the drive material component of the mold；And the knot in the corner extrusion channel
Beam position obtains by the promotion of the drive material component for the energy excitation that is hit and changes the behaviour formed by corner extrusion channel
The material of work.
Be further, the percussion mechanism be it is a kind of using gas-powered in inflated and accelerate in thorax and in gun muzzle
The bullet of required speed is obtained to hit the gas big gun of drive material component.
It is further that the gas big gun uses one-stage light-gas gun；Then gun muzzle bullet of the one-stage light-gas gun goes out speed >=100m/
S or 200m/s or 300m/s or 400m/s or 500m/s.
Be further, the bullet include based on bullet rear portion and be arranged on bullet rear portion for direct
The bullet front of drive material component is hit, the density and hardness of the material at bullet rear portion is respectively less than the close of the material of bullet front
Degree and hardness.
It is further that the drive material component includes the drive material component rear portion for directly receiving projectile impact
And it is arranged on drive material component rear portion for the initial channel where with the initial bit on mold corner extrusion channel
The cross-sectional area of the drive material member anterior of adaptation, drive material component rear portion is greater than drive material member anterior
Cross-sectional area.
It is further that the L shape that the corner extrusion channel is preferably a T shape channel or interior angle Φ is 60 ° -160 ° is logical
Road.The mold is preferably an equal channel angular extrusion die.
It is further under conditions of lubricating the material between the material and corner extrusion channel there are contact surface
Stop bits is reached from the initial bit.
To achieve the goals above, according to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of plastic deformation equipment of material is provided,
Include: mold, include corner extrusion channel and drive material component, the corner extrusion channel has to be operated for configuring
The initial bit of material and stop bits for configuring the material operated；With percussion mechanism, for being released to drive material component
Impact energy is put to excite the drive material component that the material to be operated in the initial bit is pushed to squeeze by corner
Pressure passageway reaches stop bits and changes the material to be formed and operated.
Be further, the percussion mechanism be it is a kind of can make the material to be operated in the initial bit with >=
103·s-1Or 104·s-1Or 105·s-1Or 106·s-1Strain rate reach the percussion mechanism of the stop bits.
Be further, the percussion mechanism be it is a kind of using gas-powered in inflated and accelerate in thorax and in gun muzzle
The bullet of required speed is obtained to hit the gas big gun of drive material component.
Be further, the gas big gun using gun muzzle bullet go out speed >=100m/s or 200m/s or 300m/s or 400m/s or
The one-stage light-gas gun of 500m/s.
Be further, the bullet include based on bullet rear portion and be arranged on bullet rear portion for direct
The bullet front of drive material component is hit, the density and hardness of the material at bullet rear portion is respectively less than the close of the material of bullet front
Degree and hardness.
It is further that the bullet rear portion is a plastic cylinder, the bullet front is a sheet metal, should
Sheet metal is mounted on the end face of plastic cylinder.The plastic cylinder is preferably made of PC plastic, the sheet metal
It is preferred that being made of stainless steel.
It is further that the drive material component includes the drive material component rear portion for directly receiving projectile impact
And it is arranged on drive material component rear portion for the initial channel where with the initial bit on mold corner extrusion channel
The cross-sectional area of the drive material member anterior of adaptation, drive material component rear portion is greater than drive material member anterior
Cross-sectional area.
It is further that drive material component rear portion and drive material member anterior are coaxially disposed, in the mold
With the stepped hole for installing the drive material component, the macropore of the stepped hole be adapted with drive material component rear portion and
Aperture is adapted with drive material member anterior and forms the initial channel on corner extrusion channel where the initial bit.It is described
The cross-sectional area at drive material component rear portion is preferably 5-15 times of the cross-sectional area of drive material member anterior.
It is further that the L shape that the corner extrusion channel is preferably a T shape channel or interior angle Φ is 60 ° -160 ° is logical
Road.The mold is preferably an equal channel angular extrusion die.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy is provided, containing micron-grade deformation twin,
The micron-grade deformation twin length is 1-1000 microns and width is 0.1-100 microns.The aluminum or aluminum alloy can be with
It is prepared using the plastic deformation equipment of the plastic deformation method of above-mentioned material, above-mentioned material.
Make material that large plastometric set occur so as to improve the technology of materials microstructure by the corner extrusion channel of mold
Involved by the Equal-channel Angular Pressing method that design has been referred in " background technique " herein.But surprisingly, when making material
Material is with 103·s-1Above strain rate makes by the corner extrusion channel or finally material with fast speed using percussion mechanism
When (" fast " herein is for the routinely speed of driving mechanical driven material) is by the corner extrusion channel, it will help
In forming deformation twin in the material, or even huge deformation twin can be formed under certain condition, to improve material property.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of plastic deformation method of material is additionally provided, comprising: make material to be operated
Material is in the initial bit in the corner extrusion channel；Percussion mechanism is set to discharge impact energy to the drive material component of the mold
Amount；And the stop bits in the corner extrusion channel is obtained and is passed through by the promotion of the drive material component for the energy excitation that is hit
It crosses corner extrusion channel and changes the material operated to be formed.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of mold for material plasticity deformation, including corner extrusion are additionally provided
Channel and drive material component, the drive material component include for receive external force drive material component rear portion and
It is arranged on drive material component rear portion for initial where with corner extrusion channel initial bit on the corner extrusion channel
The drive material member anterior of path adaptation, before the cross-sectional area at drive material component rear portion is greater than drive material component
The cross-sectional area in portion.
It is further that drive material component rear portion and drive material member anterior are coaxially disposed；In the mold
With the stepped hole for installing the drive material component, the macropore of the stepped hole be adapted with drive material component rear portion and
Aperture is adapted with drive material member anterior and forms the initial channel on corner extrusion channel where the initial bit.
It is further, when the material wait operate is located at the initial bit in corner extrusion channel, the drive material component
Rear portion stretches out on the outside of the macropore of stepped hole.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of drive material for hitting in material plasticity deforming moulds is additionally provided
The bullet of component, bullet rear portion and setting based on including are on bullet rear portion for directly hitting drive material component
Bullet front, the density and hardness of the material at the bullet rear portion is respectively less than the density and hardness of the material of bullet front.
The present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.The additional aspect of the present invention and excellent
Point will be set forth in part in the description, and partially will become apparent from the description below, or practice through the invention
It solves.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to assist the understanding of the present invention, content provided in attached drawing and its
Related explanation can be used for explaining the present invention in the present invention, but not constitute an undue limitation on the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the plastic deformation equipment of material of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the plastic deformation equipment of material of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is aluminum single crystal electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) obtained by plastic deformation method one embodiment of material of the present invention
Photo.
Fig. 4 is aluminum single crystal electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) obtained by plastic deformation method one embodiment of material of the present invention
Photo.
Fig. 5 is aluminium alloy electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) obtained by plastic deformation method one embodiment of material of the present invention
Photo.
Fig. 6 is the transmission electron microscope photo of the aluminum single crystal of one comparative example of plastic deformation method of material of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the transmission electron microscope photo of the aluminium alloy of one comparative example of plastic deformation method of material of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Clear, complete explanation is carried out to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing.Those of ordinary skill in the art are being based on these
It can be realized the present invention in the case where explanation.Before in conjunction with attached drawing, the present invention will be described, of particular note is that:
The technical solution provided in each section including following the description, technical characteristic in the present invention are not being rushed
In the case where prominent, these technical solutions, technical characteristic be can be combined with each other.
In addition, the embodiment of the present invention being related in following the description be generally only a part of the embodiments of the present invention without
It is whole embodiments, therefore, based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative work
Under the premise of every other embodiment obtained, should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Description and claims of this specification and the terms "include", "comprise" in related part, " having " with
And their any deformation, it is intended that cover and non-exclusive include.
The meaning and unit root of term " strain rate " in description and claims of this specification and related part
According to being generally understood for this field.
Unit " m/s " tool of term " bullet goes out speed " in description and claims of this specification and related part
Body refers to " meter per second ".
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the plastic deformation equipment of material of the present invention.Fig. 2 is material of the present invention
Plastic deformation equipment another embodiment structural schematic diagram.In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, emphasis illustrates the structure of mold.According to
Shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the plastic deformation equipment of material of the invention includes percussion mechanism 100 and mold 200.
Wherein, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, mold 200 include drive material component 210 and corner extrusion channel 220, described turn
To the end of angle squeezing passage 220 has for configuring the initial bit of the material wait operate and for configuring the material operated
Position.
The percussion mechanism 100 is used to discharge impact energy to drive material component 210 to excite the drive material
To be operated material of the promotion of component 210 in initial bit changes to be formed by corner extrusion channel arrival stop bits have been grasped
The material of work.
Above-mentioned percussion mechanism 100 is different from " conventional driving is mechanical " referred in " background technique " herein.Firstly, the impact
Device 100 is using the technology for discharging impact energy to drive material component 210 to excite the drive material component 210 to move
Means realize the movement of object, and routine drives the mechanical technological means realization object for generally using hydraulic press or similar hydraulic press
Movement.
Secondly, can finally make material with fast speed by corner extrusion channel using percussion mechanism from effect
220, that is, it is generally possible to make the material to be operated of the initial bit with high strain-rate or strain rate more higher than high strain-rate (such as
Under High Strain rate) stop bits is reached, and it is horizontal generally to can only achieve low strain dynamic rate by conventional driving machinery.It may be noted that
Described " high strain-rate " and " Under High Strain rate " has common meaning in this field in this section, should understand according to common meaning.
In the embodiment of the plastic deformation equipment of material of the invention, the percussion mechanism 100 is that one kind can make to locate
In the initial bit material to be operated with >=103·s-1Or 104·s-1Or 105·s-1Or 106·s-1Strain rate reach
The percussion mechanism of the stop bits.That is, the percussion mechanism 100 in related embodiment can be made in described initial
The material to be operated of position is at least with 103·s-1Above strain rate reaches the percussion mechanism of the stop bits.
Percussion mechanism 100 in these embodiments can be used corresponding utilize and be inflated middle gas-powered and accelerate in thorax
And the bullet 110 of required speed is obtained in gun muzzle to hit the gas big gun of drive material component 210.
The gas big gun specifically can be one-stage light-gas gun.One-stage light-gas gun has common meaning in the art, mainly
Quality and gun muzzle bullet to bullet 110 go out speed and have carried out certain requirement.
In the present invention, gun muzzle bullet of the one-stage light-gas gun as percussion mechanism 100 goes out speed can be with >=100m/s or 200m/
S or 300m/s or 400m/s or 500m/s.
In the preferred embodiment of the plastic deformation equipment of material of the invention, 10 are set as to the strain rate4·s-1
To 105·s-1；Correspondingly, going out speed to gun muzzle bullet of one-stage light-gas gun is selected as 200m/s to 400m/s.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, in the embodiment of the plastic deformation equipment of material of the present invention, the bullet 110 includes to make
Based on bullet rear portion 111 and be arranged on bullet rear portion 111 for directly hit drive material component 210 bullet before
Portion 112, the density and hardness of the material at the bullet rear portion 111 are respectively less than the density and hardness of the material of bullet front 112.
Specifically, in these embodiments, the bullet rear portion 111 is that a plastic cylinder (can specifically be moulded by PC
Material is made, i.e., is made of polycarbonate plastic), the bullet front 112 is that a sheet metal (specifically can be by stainless steel
At), which is mounted on the end face of plastic cylinder.
Since bullet 110 contains bullet rear portion 111 and the part of bullet front 112 two, and the material at bullet rear portion 111
The density and hardness of the density and hardness material that is respectively less than bullet front 112 therefore can be by bullet by bullet rear portion 111
110 whole quality control in lesser range, to make bullet 110 obtain higher speed under certain thrust, together
When, bullet front 112 can avoid generating excessive deformation with drive material component 210 and energy-absorbing when colliding, to make bullet
Ball 110 can more fully transfer energy to drive material component 210.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, in the embodiment of the plastic deformation equipment of material of the present invention, the drive material component
210 also comprising for directly receiving the drive material component rear portion 211 and be arranged in drive material component that bullet 110 is hit
Material on 211 rear portions for being adapted to the initial channel where the initial bit on mold corner extrusion channel 220 pushes away
Dynamic component front 212, the cross-sectional area at drive material component rear portion 211 are greater than the cross of drive material member anterior 212
Area of section.
Wherein, the cross-sectional area at drive material component rear portion 211 typically drive material member anterior 212
5-15 times of cross-sectional area.
Since drive material member anterior 212 need to be with the initial channel where the initial bit on corner extrusion channel 220
Adaptation, therefore, the cross-sectional area of drive material member anterior 212 is smaller, if 110 direct collision drive material portion of bullet at this time
The rear end face of part front 212, if the axis of the axis of bullet 110 and drive material member anterior 212 there are certain deviation,
It is easy to cause 212 fragmentation of drive material member anterior；And drive material component 210 includes drive material component rear portion 211 and material
After expecting pushing mechanism front 212, since the cross-sectional area at drive material component rear portion 211 is greater than drive material member anterior
212 cross-sectional area, though the axis of bullet 110 and the axis at drive material component rear portion 211 there are certain deviation,
212 fragmentation of drive material component rear portion 211 and drive material member anterior is not easily led to.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, in the embodiment of the plastic deformation equipment of material of the invention, the drive material component
Rear portion 211 and drive material member anterior 212 are coaxially disposed；Have in the mold for installing the drive material component
The macropore of stepped hole, the stepped hole is adapted and aperture and 212 phase of drive material member anterior with drive material component rear portion 211
It is adapted to and forms the initial channel on corner extrusion channel where the initial bit.
Drive material component rear portion 211 and drive material member anterior 212 are led respectively by way of stepped hole
To, further ensure drive material member anterior 212 operation stability, more effectively avoid drive material member anterior
212 fragmentations in high-speed motion.
When the material wait operate is located at the initial bit in corner extrusion channel 220, drive material component rear portion 211 can be whole
Body is located inside the macropore of stepped hole, can also partially stretch out on the outside of the macropore of stepped hole.
In above-described embodiment of the plastic deformation equipment of material of the invention, when material to be operated is located at corner extrusion
211 part of drive material component rear portion is stretched out on the outside of the macropore of stepped hole when the initial bit in channel 220, in this way, can either utilize
The macropore of stepped hole is oriented to drive material component rear portion 211, and can reduce drive material component rear portion 211 and step
Frictional force between the macropore in hole.
Preferably, the drive material component rear portion 211 when the material wait operate is located at the initial bit in corner extrusion channel 220
The length stretched out on the outside of stepped hole macropore accounts for 2/3 or so and drive material part rear portion of 211 total length of drive material part rear portion
211 stretch out ratio≤5 of the length and 211 cross section equivalent diameter of drive material part rear portion on the outside of stepped hole macropore.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, the plastic deformation method of material of the present invention, specifically including pushes material to be operated
From the initial bit in 200 corner extrusion channel 220 of mold with >=103·s-1Or 104·s-1Or 105·s-1Or 106·s-1Strain
Rate reaches the stop bits in the corner extrusion channel 220 and changes the process to form the material operated.
The method can specifically include: material to be operated being made to be in the initial bit in the corner extrusion channel 220；Make
Percussion mechanism 100 discharges impact energy to the drive material component 210 of the mold 200；And in the corner extrusion channel
220 stop bits obtains by the promotion of the drive material component 210 for the energy excitation that is hit and passes through corner extrusion channel 220
Change the material operated formed.
Wherein, preferably make condition of the material between the material and corner extrusion channel 220 there are contact surface lubrication
Under from the initial bit reach stop bits, to reduce the friction between material and corner extrusion channel 220.
The plastic deformation method of above-mentioned material, the plastic deformation equipment of material are carried out into one below with reference to related embodiment
Walk explanation.
Embodiment 1
A. the plastic deformation equipment of material
As shown in Figure 1, the plastic deformation equipment of material includes percussion mechanism 100 and mold 200；Wherein, percussion mechanism 100
Using one-stage light-gas gun, bullet 110 includes bullet rear portion 111 and bullet front 112, and bullet rear portion 111 is a PC plastic
Manufactured plastic cylinder (length 20mm, diameter 13.95mm), bullet front 112 is sheet metal made of a stainless steel
(thickness 4mm, diameter 10mm), which is bonded on the end face of plastic cylinder, the center of sheet metal and plastics
The center of cylindrical body is aligned.
Mold 200 is made of an equal channel angular extrusion die (by stainless steel steel), and corner extrusion channel 220 is T
Shape channel (diameter 3mm), drive material component 210 include drive material component rear portion 211 (length 30mm, diameter
9.8mm) with drive material member anterior 212 (length 28mm, diameter 2.9mm), drive material component rear portion 211 is pushed away with material
Dynamic component front 212 is coaxially disposed and is integrally machined by bearing steel (i.e. high-carbon chromium steel), has in mold 200 for installing
The macropore of the stepped hole of drive material component 210, the stepped hole is adapted and aperture and material with drive material component rear portion 211
Pushing mechanism front 212 is adapted and the interconnection (as shown in Figure 1) in the at T-shaped channel of shape, is also machined in mold 200 and platform
The through-hole of the vertical simultaneously vertical passage in the at T-shaped channel of shape of the aperture in rank hole.
B. the plastic deformation method of material
The aluminum single crystal bar of casting and forming is cut into the cylinder bar that diameter is 3mm, length is 14mm along axial direction, surface applies
Smear MoS2It is placed in after lubricant in the interconnection in T shape channel, drive material component 210 is then installed on mold 200 again
On, so that drive material member anterior 212 is inserted into the interconnection in T shape channel；Bullet 110 is accelerated using nitrogen (3MPa), warp
It is 230m/s, the high-speed extrusion cylinder after the shock of bullet 110 of drive material component 210 that magnetic survey speed variator, which measures gun muzzle bullet to go out speed,
When by T shape channel dynamic severe plastic deformation occurs for bar, cylinder bar, finally in the vertical passage in T shape channel
To deformed sample 300.
It takes out and passes through 1 passage sample after extruding, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization is carried out (referring to Fig. 3 to sample
It is shown).As shown in figure 3, discovery generates numerous strips symmetrically new crystal grain (deformation twin) in the sample.The above method is in fine aluminium
In micron-grade deformation twin is made, the micron-grade deformation twin length is generally to be greater than 50 microns and width
Generally it is greater than 1 micron.
Embodiment 2
A. the plastic deformation equipment of material
As shown in Fig. 2, the plastic deformation equipment of material includes percussion mechanism 100 and mold 200；Wherein, percussion mechanism 100
Using one-stage light-gas gun, bullet 110 includes bullet rear portion 111 and bullet front 112, and bullet rear portion 111 is a PC plastic
Manufactured plastic cylinder (length 20mm, diameter 13.95mm), bullet front 112 is sheet metal made of a stainless steel
(thickness 4mm, diameter 10mm), which is bonded on the end face of plastic cylinder, the center of sheet metal and plastics
The center of cylindrical body is aligned.
Mold 200 is made of an equal channel angular extrusion die (by stainless steel steel), and corner extrusion channel 220 is L
Shape channel (diameter 3mm), interior angle Φ are 90 °, and drive material component 210 includes 211 (length of drive material component rear portion
30mm, diameter 9.8mm) and drive material member anterior 212 (length 28mm, diameter 2.9mm), drive material component rear portion 211
It is coaxially disposed with drive material member anterior 212 and is integrally machined by bearing steel (i.e. high-carbon chromium steel), had in mold 200
Have a stepped hole for mounting material pushing mechanism 210, the macropore of the stepped hole be adapted with drive material component rear portion 211 and
Aperture is adapted with drive material member anterior 212 and the interconnection (as shown in Figure 2) in the at L-shaped channel of shape, in mold 200
Also it is machined with the through-hole of vertical with the aperture of stepped hole and the at L-shaped channel of shape vertical passage.
B. the plastic deformation method of material
The aluminum single crystal bar of casting and forming is cut into the cylinder bar that diameter is 3mm, length is 14mm along axial direction, surface applies
Smear MoS2It is placed in after lubricant in the interconnection in L shape channel, drive material component 210 is then installed on mold 200 again
On, so that drive material member anterior 212 is inserted into the interconnection in L shape channel；Bullet 110 is accelerated using nitrogen (5MPa), warp
It is 315m/s, the high-speed extrusion cylinder after the shock of bullet 110 of drive material component 210 that magnetic survey speed variator, which measures gun muzzle bullet to go out speed,
When by L shape channel dynamic severe plastic deformation occurs for bar, cylinder bar, finally in the vertical passage in L shape channel
To deformed sample 300.
It takes out and passes through 1 passage sample after extruding, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization is carried out (referring to fig. 4 to sample
It is shown).Micron-grade deformation twin is made in the above method in fine aluminium, and the micron-grade deformation twin length is
Generally be greater than 50 microns and width is generally greater than 5 microns.
Deformation twin can effectively eliminate stress raisers as a kind of important deformation mechanism of flow of metal, reduce
Micro-crack forming core dot density, improves the breakdown strength of metal material；In addition, deformation twin circle can also be used as dislocation motion forming core
Point improves the plastic deformation ability of metal material.
Comparative example 1
Aluminum single crystal sample smears MoS having a size of 8mm × 8mm × 20mm, surface2After lubricant, pass through right angle at room temperature
Monocrystalline is squeezed out primary, rate of extrusion 5mm/min by ECAP die head.After ECAP, seen by using transmission electron microscope
Examining obtained twin is nanoscale, as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 3
A. the plastic deformation equipment of material
As shown in Figure 1, the plastic deformation equipment of material includes percussion mechanism 100 and mold 200；Wherein, percussion mechanism 100
Using one-stage light-gas gun, bullet 110 includes bullet rear portion 111 and bullet front 112, and bullet rear portion 111 is a PC plastic
Manufactured plastic cylinder (length 20mm, diameter 13.95mm), bullet front 112 is sheet metal made of a stainless steel
(thickness 4mm, diameter 10mm), which is bonded on the end face of plastic cylinder, the center of sheet metal and plastics
The center of cylindrical body is aligned.
Mold 200 is made of an equal channel angular extrusion die (by stainless steel steel), and corner extrusion channel 220 is T
Shape channel (diameter 3mm), drive material component 210 include drive material component rear portion 211 (length 30mm, diameter
9.8mm) with drive material member anterior 212 (length 28mm, diameter 2.9mm), drive material component rear portion 211 is pushed away with material
Dynamic component front 212 is coaxially disposed and is integrally machined by bearing steel (i.e. high-carbon chromium steel), has in mold 200 for installing
The macropore of the stepped hole of drive material component 210, the stepped hole is adapted and aperture and material with drive material component rear portion 211
Pushing mechanism front 212 is adapted and the interconnection (as shown in Figure 1) in the at T-shaped channel of shape, is also machined in mold 200 and platform
The through-hole of the vertical simultaneously vertical passage in the at T-shaped channel of shape of the aperture in rank hole.
B. the plastic deformation method of material
From 6061 aluminum alloy plate materials of roll forming, the cylindrical rod of diameter 3mm, length 14mm are cut out along rolling direction
MoS is smeared on material, surface2It is placed in after lubricant in the interconnection in T shape channel, then drive material component 210 is installed again
In the interconnection on mold 200, making drive material member anterior 212 be inserted into T shape channel；Using nitrogen (3MPa) to bullet
110 accelerate, and measuring gun muzzle bullet to go out speed through magnetic survey speed variator is 230m/s, and drive material component 210 is after the shock of bullet 110
High-speed extrusion cylinder bar, when by T shape channel dynamic severe plastic deformation occurs for cylinder bar, finally in T shape channel
Deformed sample 300 is obtained in vertical passage.
It takes out and passes through 1 passage sample after extruding, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization is carried out (referring to Fig. 5 to sample
It is shown).Micron order deformation twin is made in the above method in aluminium alloy, and the length of the micron order deformation twin is generally to be greater than
10 microns and width is generally greater than 1 micron.
Comparative example 2
6061 aluminum alloy samples are that diameter 12mm, thickness 4.76mm disk use the light gas of level-one under conditions of -180 DEG C
Big gun carries out Impulsive load with the pressure of 13GPa.After Impulsive load, twin is made by using transmission electron microscope observation
For sub-micron, as shown in Figure 7.
Related content of the invention is illustrated above.Those of ordinary skill in the art are in the feelings illustrated based on these
The present invention will be realized under condition.Based on above content of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creativeness
Every other preferred embodiment and embodiment obtained, should fall within the scope of the present invention under the premise of labour.
Claims (19)
1. the plastic deformation method of material, it is characterised in that: lead to including pushing material to be operated from mold corner extrusion
The initial bit in road is with >=103·s-1Or 104·s-1Or 105·s-1Or 106·s-1Strain rate reach the corner extrusion channel
Stop bits and change the process to form the material operated.
2. the plastic deformation method of material as described in claim 1 characterized by comprising
Material to be operated is set to be in the initial bit in the corner extrusion channel；
Percussion mechanism is set to discharge impact energy to the drive material component of the mold；And
Stop bits in the corner extrusion channel is obtained to be passed through by the promotion of the drive material component for the energy excitation that is hit
Corner extrusion channel changes the material operated to be formed.
3. the plastic deformation method of material as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the percussion mechanism is a kind of using quilt
The bullet of gas-powered and speed needed for accelerating in thorax and obtaining in gun muzzle hits the gas big gun of drive material component in expansion.
4. the plastic deformation method of material as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the gas big gun uses one-stage light-gas gun；
Then gun muzzle bullet of the one-stage light-gas gun goes out speed >=100m/s or 200m/s or 300m/s or 400m/s or 500m/s.
5. the plastic deformation method of material as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the bullet include based on bullet
Ball rear portion and be arranged on bullet rear portion for directly hit drive material component bullet front, the material at the bullet rear portion
The density and hardness of material is respectively less than the density and hardness of the material of bullet front.
6. the plastic deformation method of material as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the drive material component includes to be used for
Directly receive the drive material component rear portion of projectile impact and be arranged on drive material component rear portion to be used for and the mold
The drive material member anterior of initial channel adaptation on corner extrusion channel where the initial bit, the drive material component
The cross-sectional area at rear portion is greater than the cross-sectional area of drive material member anterior.
7. the plastic deformation method of material as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: drive material component rear portion and material
Expect the coaxial arrangement of pushing mechanism front；There is the stepped hole for installing the drive material component, the step in the mold
The macropore in hole is adapted with drive material component rear portion and aperture is adapted with drive material member anterior and forms corner extrusion
Initial channel on channel where the initial bit.
8. the plastic deformation method of material as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that: when material to be operated is squeezed positioned at corner
When the initial bit of pressure passageway, the drive material component rear portion stretches out on the outside of the macropore of stepped hole.
9. the plastic deformation method of the material as described in any one of claim 1-8 claim, it is characterised in that: described
The L shape channel that corner extrusion channel is a T shape channel or interior angle Φ is 60 ° -160 °.
10. the plastic deformation method of the material as described in any one of claim 1-8 claim, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating mold is an equal channel angular extrusion die.
11. the plastic deformation method of the material as described in any one of claim 1-8 claim, it is characterised in that: make
There are terminate under conditions of contact surface lubricates from initial bit arrival between the material and corner extrusion channel for the material
Position.
12. the plastic deformation method of the material as described in any one of claim 1-8 claim, it is characterised in that: institute
Material to be operated is stated to practice upper acceptable metal.
13. the plastic deformation method of material as claimed in claim 12, it is characterised in that: the material to be operated be aluminium or
Aluminium alloy.
14. aluminum or aluminum alloy, it is characterised in that: containing micron-grade deformation twin, the micron-grade deformation twin
Length be 1-1000 microns and width is 0.1-100 microns.
15. the plastic deformation method of material, it is characterised in that: include:
Material to be operated is set to be in the initial bit in the corner extrusion channel；
Percussion mechanism is set to discharge impact energy to the drive material component of the mold；And
Stop bits in the corner extrusion channel is obtained to be passed through by the promotion of the drive material component for the energy excitation that is hit
Corner extrusion channel changes the material operated to be formed.
16. for the mold of material plasticity deformation, including corner extrusion channel and drive material component, the drive material component
Comprising for receiving external force drive material component rear portion and be arranged on drive material component rear portion for it is described
The drive material member anterior of initial channel adaptation on corner extrusion channel where the initial bit of corner extrusion channel, feature exist
In: the cross-sectional area at drive material component rear portion is greater than the cross-sectional area of drive material member anterior.
17. the mold for material plasticity deformation as claimed in claim 16, it is characterised in that: after the drive material component
Portion and drive material member anterior are coaxially disposed；There is the stepped hole for installing the drive material component in the mold,
The macropore of the stepped hole is adapted with drive material component rear portion and aperture is adapted with drive material member anterior and formed turn
Initial channel on the squeezing passage of angle where the initial bit.
18. the mold for material plasticity deformation as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that: when material to be operated is located at
When the initial bit in corner extrusion channel, the drive material component rear portion stretches out on the outside of the macropore of stepped hole.
19. the bullet for hitting the drive material component in material plasticity deforming moulds, it is characterised in that: based on including
Bullet rear portion and be arranged on bullet rear portion for directly hit drive material component bullet front, the bullet rear portion
Material density and hardness be respectively less than bullet front material density and hardness.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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| CN201910007532 | 2019-01-04 | ||
| CN2019100075320 | 2019-01-04 |
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| CN201910241223.XA Active CN109988980B (en) | 2019-01-04 | 2019-03-28 | Method for plastic deformation of material and aluminum or aluminum alloy |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109731981A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-05-10 | 西南交通大学 | The plastic deformation equipment of material |
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| CN108380802A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of cycle revolving die squeezes upsetting building mortion and method |
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| CN108380802A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of cycle revolving die squeezes upsetting building mortion and method |
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| CN109731981A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-05-10 | 西南交通大学 | The plastic deformation equipment of material |
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