CN109988921B - Method for separating antimony from hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution - Google Patents

Method for separating antimony from hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution Download PDF

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CN109988921B
CN109988921B CN201910309056.8A CN201910309056A CN109988921B CN 109988921 B CN109988921 B CN 109988921B CN 201910309056 A CN201910309056 A CN 201910309056A CN 109988921 B CN109988921 B CN 109988921B
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antimony
pentavalent
hydrochloric acid
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pentavalent antimony
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CN109988921A (en
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张永禄
揭晓武
王振文
郜伟
阮书锋
崔成旺
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BGRIMM Technology Group Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/44Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B30/00Obtaining antimony, arsenic or bismuth
    • C22B30/02Obtaining antimony
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for separating antimony from a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution, which comprises the following steps: adding an oxidant into the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution, controlling reaction conditions to oxidize trivalent antimony in the solution into pentavalent antimony, and precipitating the pentavalent antimony to separate out pentavalent antimony oxide so as to obtain pentavalent antimony oxide precipitate slurry; and aging the pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry to grow pentavalent antimony oxide crystals, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain pentavalent antimony oxide solids and a solution after antimony removal, namely separating antimony. The method not only can separate antimony efficiently and selectively, and has high antimony recovery rate, but also has simple process flow and easy operation.

Description

Method for separating antimony from hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal hydrometallurgy, in particular to a method for separating antimony from a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution.
Background
At present, the smelting method of antimony can be divided into two main categories of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, and the pyrometallurgy is the main one. The pyrometallurgical antimony smelting process mainly adopts blast furnace volatilization smelting-reduction smelting process, i.e. firstly produces antimony trioxide, then makes reduction smelting to produce crude antimony, but its technological process is low in metal recovery rate, high in energy consumption and serious in pollution, in particular low in concentration SO2Flue gas and a large amount of arsenic alkali slag are the main environmental protection problems faced by pyrometallurgical antimony smelting.
The wet antimony smelting method is mainly divided into an alkaline antimony smelting method and an acidic antimony smelting method. The alkaline leaching antimony smelting process is mainly sodium sulfide leaching-sodium thioantimonate solution electrodeposition process, and the process is Na2The proliferation of S is serious,sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite and sodium thioantimonate are accumulated seriously, the treatment capacity of waste liquid is large and complicated, and when the gold-containing antimony ore is treated, the leaching rate of gold is high, and the dispersion loss of gold is easily caused. The acidic leaching antimony smelting is mainly researched in a hydrochloric acid system, different oxidants such as chlorine, ferric chloride, antimony pentachloride, ozone and the like are added, or antimony is deoxidized and leached by adopting an electrooxidation mode to enable antimony to enter a solution to obtain a leaching solution containing antimony chloride, and then a final antimony product is prepared by adopting a hydrolysis method or an electrodeposition method and the like; the hydrolysis method can directly prepare antimony white, but can generate a large amount of acidic waste water, the consumption of reagents is large, and the electrodeposition method for producing metal antimony has the disadvantages of high price of the used ion membrane, high acidity of the leaching solution, high accumulation speed of impurity ions in the electrolyte and great difficulty in controlling the electrodeposition process.
For the separation of antimony in a hydrochloric acid system, a patent CN108796219A discloses a method for extracting-sulfurizing, phase-inversion and separation of antimony and iron in an antimony and iron mixed solution, and a patent CN108728643A discloses a method for extracting-water decomposition and separation of antimony and iron in an antimony and iron mixed solution, wherein the two patents are characterized in that the valence of antimony and iron ions in an acid solution is changed to low valence, and then the antimony is selectively extracted into an organic phase by utilizing the extraction property difference of the low-valence antimony ions and the low-valence iron ions; the difference between the two patents is that for an antimony-loaded organic phase, antimony sulfide is directly obtained through phase inversion of vulcanization in the first patent, and antimony oxychloride is obtained through a hydrolysis method in the second patent; however, the method of the two patents introduces impurities into the reducing agent iron powder, the iron removal burden is larger if the reducing agent iron powder is used for the leaching process of antimony, and in addition, the method of generating solid antimony compounds is adopted for carrying out antimony removal on the organic phase, and tiny solid particles are mixed in the organic phase, so that the performance of the extracting agent is influenced. Patent CN107557579B discloses a "method for extracting and separating antimony and iron from acidic complex antimony-containing solution", but the total recovery rate of antimony is low, and the problem of separation of antimony and iron still exists in the stripping solution, and especially under the condition that various metal impurities and various metal valence states exist, the extraction selectivity is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of complex process flow, poor antimony selectivity, low antimony recovery rate and the like existing in the prior art of separating antimony from an acidic solution, the invention provides a method for separating antimony from a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution, which not only can separate antimony efficiently and selectively and has high antimony recovery rate, but also has simple process flow and easy operation.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for separating antimony from a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding an oxidant into a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution, controlling reaction conditions, oxidizing trivalent antimony in the solution into pentavalent antimony, and precipitating the pentavalent antimony to separate out pentavalent antimony oxide so as to obtain pentavalent antimony oxide precipitate slurry;
and 2, aging the pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry to grow pentavalent antimony oxide crystals, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain pentavalent antimony oxide solids and a solution after antimony removal, namely separating antimony.
Preferably, the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution contains antimony, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 10-70 g/L, and the concentration of chlorine salt is 50-300 g/L.
Preferably, the chloride salt is at least one of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium chloride; the oxidant is at least one of chlorine, hydrogen peroxide and ozone.
Preferably, in step 1, the controlling the reaction conditions comprises: controlling the reaction temperature to be 30-60 ℃, the stirring speed to be 100-300 rpm, the reaction time to be 0.5-2 hours, and the solution potential at the end point of the reaction to be more than 700mV (vs. SHE), so that the trivalent antimony in the solution is oxidized into pentavalent antimony, and the pentavalent antimony is precipitated to separate out pentavalent antimony oxide.
Preferably, in the step 2, the pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry is aged, the reaction temperature is 30-90 ℃, the stirring speed is 50-200 rpm, and the reaction time is not less than 3 hours.
The technical scheme provided by the invention shows that the method for separating antimony from the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution provided by the invention aims at the concentration difference of antimony ions with different valence states when the antimony ions stably exist in the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution, the trivalent antimony is promoted to be converted into the pentavalent antimony which is easy to crystallize and precipitate through oxidation, and the pentavalent antimony is crystallized, precipitated, aged and grown through condition control, so that the pentavalent antimony oxide with higher purity is separated from the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution, the antimony and impurity elements can be efficiently separated in the processes of antimony electrolysis of a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt system and the like, the antimony selectivity is good, the antimony recovery rate is high, the process flow is simple, and the operation is easy.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for separating antimony from a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pentavalent antimony oxide obtained in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an XRD pattern of pentavalent antimony oxide obtained in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for separating antimony from the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution provided by the present invention is described in detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for separating antimony from a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution may include the steps of:
step 1, oxidation and precipitation: adding an oxidant into the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution, controlling reaction conditions, oxidizing trivalent antimony in the solution into pentavalent antimony, and precipitating the pentavalent antimony to separate out pentavalent antimony oxide so as to obtain pentavalent antimony oxide precipitate slurry.
Step 2, aging and growing up: and aging the pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry to grow pentavalent antimony oxide crystals, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain pentavalent antimony oxide solids and a solution after antimony removal, namely separating antimony from the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution. The invention can also be used for separating the stibium and the iron from the mixed solution of the stibium and the iron. The solution after antimony removal can be recycled.
Specifically, the steps in the method for separating antimony from a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution may include the following embodiments:
(1) in step 1, the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution contains antimony elements, such as: the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution can comprise leaching solution of antimony-containing raw materials, leaching solution of antimony-containing minerals, electrolyte in an antimony electrolytic refining process, electrolyte in an antimony electrodeposition process and the like. The hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution has a hydrochloric acid concentration of 10-70 g/L and a chlorine salt concentration of 50-300 g/L. The chloride salt is at least one of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium chloride.
(2) In step 1, the oxidant is chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, or the like.
(3) In the step 1, an oxidant is added into the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 30-60 ℃, the stirring speed is 100-300 rpm, the reaction time is 0.5-2 hours, and the solution potential at the end of the reaction is greater than 700mV (vs. SHE, relative to a standard hydrogen electrode), so that trivalent antimony in the solution is oxidized into pentavalent antimony, and pentavalent antimony is precipitated to separate out pentavalent antimony oxide.
(4) In the step 2, the pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry is aged at the reaction temperature of 30-90 ℃, the stirring speed of 50-200 rpm and the reaction time of not less than 3 hours, so that the pentavalent antimony oxide crystals grow up.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:
(1) aiming at the concentration difference of stable existence of antimony ions with different valence states in a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution, the invention promotes trivalent antimony to be converted into pentavalent antimony which is easy to crystallize and precipitate through oxidation, and the pentavalent antimony is crystallized, precipitated and aged to grow, thereby realizing the high-efficiency separation of antimony and iron.
(2) The method can produce the antimony oxide with higher purity through two steps of oxidation precipitation and aging growth, and has the advantages of less consumption of hydrochloric acid reagent, high recovery rate of antimony and no generation of a large amount of wastewater compared with the existing hydrolysis antimony precipitation process.
(3) The method has the advantages of simple process, short flow, capability of directly obtaining antimony oxide products, good antimony separation effect, less equipment investment, low operation cost, low reagent consumption and the like.
(4) The invention provides a common method for separating antimony from a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution, which can efficiently separate antimony from various antimony ores and antimony-containing materials in the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt and can also efficiently separate antimony from impurity elements in the processes of electrolysis of the antimony in a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt system and the like.
In conclusion, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention not only can be used for efficiently and selectively separating antimony and has high antimony recovery rate, but also is simple in process flow and easy to operate.
In order to more clearly show the technical scheme and the technical effects provided by the present invention, the following detailed description is provided for the method for separating antimony from the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention with specific examples.
Example 1
The stibnite solution leached by a hydrochloric acid-ammonium chloride system is treated, wherein the hydrochloric acid concentration is 30g/L, the calcium chloride concentration is 200g/L, the iron concentration is 10g/L, and the antimony concentration is 30 g/L. The method for separating antimony from the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1a, oxidation and precipitation: adding chlorine into the solution for oxidation and precipitation, wherein the reaction temperature is 30 ℃, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the reaction time is 0.5 hour, and the solution potential at the end point of the reaction is controlled to be more than 800mV (vs. SHE), so that trivalent antimony in the solution is oxidized into pentavalent antimony, pentavalent antimony is precipitated to separate out pentavalent antimony oxide, and thus pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry is obtained.
Step 2a, aging and growing: and (2) ageing the pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry obtained in the step (1 a), wherein the reaction temperature is 30 ℃, the stirring speed is 100rpm, and the reaction time is 4 hours, so that pentavalent antimony oxide crystals grow up, and then filtering the aged slurry, so as to obtain pentavalent antimony oxide solid and antimony-removed solution.
Specifically, after crystal water was removed from the pentavalent antimony oxide solid obtained in example 1 of the present invention, the content of Sb was 69.02%, the content of O was 28.23%, the content of Fe was 0.45%, the content of Cl was 0.16%, and the precipitation rate of antimony reached 95.25%.
Example 2
The stibnite solution leached by a hydrochloric acid-calcium chloride system is treated, wherein the hydrochloric acid concentration is 40g/L, the calcium chloride concentration is 250g/L, the iron concentration is 20g/L, and the antimony concentration is 60 g/L. The method for separating antimony from the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1b, oxidation and precipitation: adding chlorine into the solution for oxidation and precipitation, wherein the reaction temperature is 40 ℃, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the reaction time is 1.5 hours, and the solution potential at the end point of the reaction is controlled to be more than 900mV (vs. SHE), so that trivalent antimony in the solution is oxidized into pentavalent antimony, pentavalent antimony oxide is precipitated out from the pentavalent antimony, and pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry is obtained.
Step 2b, aging and growing: and (3) ageing the pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry obtained in the step (1 b), wherein the reaction temperature is 30 ℃, the stirring speed is 100rpm, and the reaction time is 2 hours, so that pentavalent antimony oxide crystals grow up, and then filtering the aged slurry, so as to obtain pentavalent antimony oxide solid and antimony-removed solution.
Specifically, after crystal water was removed from the pentavalent antimony oxide solid obtained in example 2 of the present invention, the content of Sb was 68.83%, the content of O was 26.47%, the content of Ca was 0.55%, the content of Fe was 2.10%, the content of Cl was 0.23%, and the precipitation rate of antimony reached 97.71%. A photograph of a pentavalent antimony oxide solid obtained in example 2 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2. The XRD pattern of the pentavalent antimony oxide solid prepared in example 2 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3.
Example 3
And (3) treating the electrolyte of a hydrochloric acid-sodium chloride antimony electrolytic refining system, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 30g/L, the concentration of the sodium chloride is 150g/L, and the concentration of the antimony is 40 g/L. A method for separating antimony from a hydrochloric acid-chloride salt solution may include the steps of:
step 1c, oxidation and precipitation: adding chlorine into the solution for oxidation and precipitation, controlling the reaction temperature to be 50 ℃, the stirring speed to be 300rpm, the reaction time to be 1 hour, and controlling the solution potential at the end point of the reaction to be more than 800mV (vs. SHE), so that trivalent antimony in the solution is oxidized into pentavalent antimony, and pentavalent antimony is precipitated to separate out pentavalent antimony oxide, thereby obtaining pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry.
Step 2c, aging and growing: and (3) ageing the pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry obtained in the step 1c, wherein the reaction temperature is 40 ℃, the stirring speed is 100rpm, the reaction time is 3 hours, so that pentavalent antimony oxide crystals grow up, and then filtering the aged slurry, so as to obtain pentavalent antimony oxide solid and antimony-removed solution.
Specifically, after crystal water was removed from the pentavalent antimony oxide solid obtained in example 3 of the present invention, the content of Sb was 69.64%, the content of O was 28.35%, the content of Na was 0.25%, the content of Cl was 0.25%, and the precipitation rate of antimony reached 96.25%.
In conclusion, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention not only can be used for efficiently and selectively separating antimony and has high antimony recovery rate, but also is simple in process flow and easy to operate.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (3)

1. A method for separating antimony from a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, oxidation and precipitation: adding an oxidant into the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution, controlling reaction conditions to oxidize trivalent antimony in the solution into pentavalent antimony, and precipitating the pentavalent antimony to separate out pentavalent antimony oxide so as to obtain pentavalent antimony oxide precipitate slurry;
step 2, aging and growing up: aging the pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry to grow pentavalent antimony oxide crystals, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain pentavalent antimony oxide solids and a solution after antimony removal, namely realizing antimony separation;
wherein the hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution contains antimony, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 10-70 g/L, and the concentration of the chlorine salt is 50-300 g/L; the chlorine salt is at least one of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium chloride;
in step 1, the controlling reaction conditions include: controlling the reaction temperature to be 30-60 ℃, the stirring speed to be 100-300 rpm, the reaction time to be 0.5-2 hours, and the solution potential at the end point of the reaction to be more than 700mV, so that trivalent antimony in the solution is oxidized into pentavalent antimony, and pentavalent antimony is precipitated to separate out pentavalent antimony oxide.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is at least one of chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone.
3. The method for separating antimony from a hydrochloric acid-chlorine salt solution as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 2, the pentavalent antimony oxide precipitation slurry is aged at a reaction temperature of 30 to 90 ℃, a stirring speed of 50 to 200rpm, and a reaction time of not less than 3 hours.
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CN111074303B (en) * 2020-01-19 2021-03-05 北京科技大学 Method for separating antimony and gold by crude antimony non-anode-residue electrolysis
CN113089026A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-09 磨名言 Method for electrolyzing and recovering antimony from antimony sulfide ore
CN114700339A (en) * 2022-03-18 2022-07-05 大连理工大学 Stabilization treatment method for iron-antimony waste residues

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JPS63282126A (en) * 1987-05-11 1988-11-18 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Production of antimony oxide powder
CN101509079A (en) * 2009-03-24 2009-08-19 中南大学 Method for comprehensively processing stibium smelt arsenic alkaline residue and producing colloid antimony peroxide
CN105779789A (en) * 2016-03-11 2016-07-20 中南大学 Wet method for separating bismuth from antimony
CN105858724A (en) * 2016-05-16 2016-08-17 中南大学 Method of using solution atomization method to prepare superfine Sb oxide
CN109534396A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-03-29 浙江工业大学 A kind of transition state sb oxide and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63282126A (en) * 1987-05-11 1988-11-18 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Production of antimony oxide powder
CN101509079A (en) * 2009-03-24 2009-08-19 中南大学 Method for comprehensively processing stibium smelt arsenic alkaline residue and producing colloid antimony peroxide
CN105779789A (en) * 2016-03-11 2016-07-20 中南大学 Wet method for separating bismuth from antimony
CN105858724A (en) * 2016-05-16 2016-08-17 中南大学 Method of using solution atomization method to prepare superfine Sb oxide
CN109534396A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-03-29 浙江工业大学 A kind of transition state sb oxide and preparation method thereof

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