CN109988170B - Octahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole derivatives and uses thereof - Google Patents

Octahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole derivatives and uses thereof Download PDF

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CN109988170B
CN109988170B CN201711468455.6A CN201711468455A CN109988170B CN 109988170 B CN109988170 B CN 109988170B CN 201711468455 A CN201711468455 A CN 201711468455A CN 109988170 B CN109988170 B CN 109988170B
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金传飞
许腾飞
薛亚萍
郭正江
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Guangdong HEC Pharmaceutical
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Sunshine Lake Pharma Co Ltd
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    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Abstract

The invention relates to octahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole derivatives and uses thereof. The compounds of the present invention and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds are useful for antagonizing orexin receptors. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such compounds and pharmaceutical compositions, and to their use in the treatment or prevention of diseases in which orexin receptors are involved.

Description

Octahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole derivatives and uses thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and particularly relates to octahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole derivatives, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compounds, and a use method and application of the derivatives and the pharmaceutical composition. More particularly, the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein are useful as orexin receptor antagonists for the treatment, prevention or alleviation of orexin receptor related disorders.
Background
Orexin (orexin), also known as hypothalamin, orexin, which includes orexin a and orexin B (or hypothalamin-1 and hypothalamin-2), is a neuropeptide secreted by the hypothalamus with its main physiological roles: 1. appetite regulation, orexin can significantly promote food intake and exhibit a dose-dependent response, and activates the neurons that regulate food intake; 2. participating in the regulation of energy metabolism, the orexin can obviously increase the metabolic rate; 3. participating in sleep-wake regulation, orexin can inhibit rapid eye movement sleep, prolong wake time, and block orexin effect to promote sleep; 4, participating in endocrine regulation, the influence of the orexin on the endocrine of pituitary hormone is obvious; 5. associated with sense of reward, learning, and memory; 6. promoting gastric acid secretion; 7. promoting the increase of drinking water; 8. raising blood pressure; 9. plays an important role in reward systems and drug addiction mechanisms, among others (Piper et al, The novel broad neuro-optic, orexin-A, models The sleep-wave cycle of rates, Eur.J.Neurosis, 2000,12(2), 726-730; and Sakurai, T.et al, The neurological circuit of orexin (hydrology): Maintaining sleep and wakeful.
Orexin produces physiological effects by acting on orexin receptors (OXR). The orexin receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor of two types, respectively called OX1Receptors and OX2Receptor of which OX1The receptor is selective for orexin A, and OX2The receptor is a nonselective receptor for orexin A and orexin B (Sakurait. et al, Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuroreceptors and G protein-coupled receptors with a receptor feeding after receptor cell,1998,92(4): 573 585). OX1Receptors and OX2Receptors are present almost exclusively in brain tissue and are selectively expressed in the brain, where OX1The receptors are expressed at high densityIn the locus ceruleus (locus coeruleus), it is the initiation of noradrenergic neurons, and OX2Receptors are expressed in high density in the nuclei of the papillary nodules, which are the initiation nuclei of histaminergic neurons. OX1Receptors and OX2Expression of both receptors is seen in the mid-slit nucleus, which is the initiation of serotonergic neurons, and in the ventral tegmental area, which is the initiation of dopaminergic neurons. In addition, OX2Receptor expression can also be seen in and has an effect on nuclear activity in brainstem cholinergic neurons responsible for regulating rapid eye movement sleep (Marcus, j.n. et al, differential expression of organ receptors 1and 2in the rate bridge.j.comp.neurol., 2001,435(1): 6-25; and Trivedi, p.et al, Distribution of organ receptor mrna the rate bridge.febs lett, 1998,438(1-2): 71-75).
Thus, it can be seen that orexin receptors are pathologically important and are involved in various diseases such as sleep disorders, depression, anxiety disorders, panic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, affective neuropathies, depressive neuropathies, anxiety neuropathies, mood disorders, panic attack disorders, behavioral disorders, mood disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, sexual dysfunction, psychosis, schizophrenia, manic depression, confusion, dementia, drug dependence, addiction, cognitive disorders, alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, movement disorders, eating disorders, headache, migraine, pain, digestive system diseases, epilepsy, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, metabolic diseases, immune-related diseases, endocrine-related diseases and hypertension. However, the only drugs currently on the market related to the orexin receptor are Suvorexant (Suvorexant), an anti-insomnia drug developed by american merck corporation, which is an orexin receptor antagonist, and which have once been subject to approval by the us FDA due to safety issues.
In view of the above, the invention provides a compound with orexin receptor antagonistic activity, which has better pharmacodynamic activity, less toxic and side effects, higher safety, and excellent physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic properties and toxicological properties, and thus has better clinical application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The following is a summary of some aspects of the invention only and is not intended to be limiting. These aspects and others are described more fully below. All references in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. When the disclosure of the present specification differs from the cited documents, the disclosure of the present specification controls.
The invention provides a compound with orexin receptor antagonistic activity, in particular to an octahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole derivative and a pharmaceutical composition thereof, wherein the compound and the pharmaceutical composition can be used for preventing or treating diseases related to orexin receptors.
The compounds of the present invention exhibit good antagonistic activity against orexin receptors, have good drug efficacy, pharmacokinetic properties and/or toxicological properties, such as good brain/plasma ratio (brain plasma ratio), good bioavailability, good metabolic stability, low toxic side effects, high safety and the like. At the same time, the excellent properties of certain parameters of the compounds of the invention, such as half-life, clearance, selectivity, bioavailability, chemical stability, metabolic stability, membrane permeability, solubility, etc., can contribute to a reduction in side effects, an expansion of the therapeutic index or an improvement in tolerance.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
in one aspect, the invention relates to a compound that is a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, tautomer, nitrogen oxide, solvate, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug of a compound of formula (I),
Figure BDA0001531559250000021
wherein: hy, X, Y, R1、R3、R4、R5And R6Have the meaning as described in the present invention.
In one embodiment, X is N or CR2a。
In one embodiment, Y is N or CR2b。
In one embodiment, Hy is phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, said phenyl and 5-6 membered heteroaryl being independently optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from D, F, Cl, Br, I, C1-4Alkyl radical, C1-4Haloalkyl, C1-4Alkoxy radical, C1-4Haloalkoxy and benzyl.
In another embodiment Hy is thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl, pyridyl, or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl group containing two nitrogen atoms, which thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl, pyridyl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl group containing two nitrogen atoms are independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from D, F, Cl, Br, I, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy, trifluoromethoxy, and benzyl.
In yet another embodiment, Hy is triazolyl, specifically selected from the sub-formulae shown in i-1 to i-14:
Figure BDA0001531559250000022
Figure BDA0001531559250000023
wherein each sub-formula shown in I-1 to I-14 is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of D, F, Cl, Br, I, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy, trifluoromethoxy, and benzyl.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound that is a compound of formula (Ia) or a stereoisomer, tautomer, nitrogen oxide, solvate, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound of formula (Ia),
Figure BDA0001531559250000031
wherein, Hy, X, Y and R1、R3、R4、R5And R6Have the meaning as described in the present invention.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound of formula (Ib) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, a nitrogen oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug of a compound of formula (Ib),
Figure BDA0001531559250000032
wherein, Hy, X, Y and R1、R3、R4、R5And R6Have the meaning as described in the present invention.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound that is a compound of formula (Ic) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, a nitrogen oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug of a compound of formula (Ic),
Figure BDA0001531559250000033
wherein, Hy, X, Y and R1、R3、R4、R5And R6Have the meaning as described in the present invention.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound that is a compound of formula (II) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, a nitrogen oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug of a compound of formula (II),
Figure BDA0001531559250000034
wherein R is1、R3、R4、R5And R6Having a structure as described in the inventionMeaning.
In one embodiment, R in formula (I) or formula (II)1Is D, -CD3、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-NH2、-OH、-NO2、-COOH、 -C(＝O)NH2、-C(＝O)-(C1-6Alkyl), -C (═ O) - (C)1-6Alkoxy), -C (═ O) - (C)1-6Alkylamino), C2-6Alkyl radical, C2-6Alkenyl radical, C2-6Alkynyl, C1-6Haloalkyl, C1-6Alkoxy radical, C1-6Haloalkoxy, C1-6Alkylthio radical, C1-6Alkylamino radical, C1-6Hydroxy-substituted alkyl, C3-C8Cycloalkyl radical, C3-C8Carbocyclyl, 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, C6-C10Aryl or 5-10 membered heteroaryl.
In one embodiment, R in formula (I) or formula (II)2aAnd R2bEach independently is H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NH2、 -OH、-NO2、-COOH、-C(＝O)NH2、-C(＝O)-(C1-6Alkyl), -C (═ O) - (C)1-6Alkoxy), -C (═ O) - (C)1-6Alkylamino), C1-6Alkyl radical, C2-6Alkenyl radical, C2-6Alkynyl, C1-6Haloalkyl, C1-6Alkoxy radical, C1-6Haloalkoxy, C1-6Alkylthio radical, C1-6Alkylamino or C1-6A hydroxy-substituted alkyl group.
In one embodiment, R in formula (I) or formula (II)3、R4、R5And R6Each independently is H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NH2、-OH、-NO2、-COOH、-C(＝O)NH2、-C(＝O)-(C1-6Alkyl), -C (═ O) - (C)1-6Alkoxy), -C (═ O) - (C)1-6Alkylamino), C1-6Alkyl radical, C2-6Alkenyl radical, C2-6Alkynyl, C1-6Haloalkyl, C1-6Alkoxy radical, C1-6Haloalkoxy, C1-6Alkylthio radical, C1-6Alkylamino or C1-6A hydroxy-substituted alkyl group.
In one embodiment of the process of the present invention,r in formula (I) or formula (II)1Is D, -CD3、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-NH2、-OH、-NO2、-COOH、 -C(＝O)NH2、-C(＝O)-(C1-4Alkyl), -C (═ O) - (C)1-4Alkoxy), -C (═ O) - (C)1-4Alkylamino), C2-4Alkyl radical, C2-4Alkenyl radical, C2-4Alkynyl, C1-4Haloalkyl, C1-4Alkoxy radical, C1-4Haloalkoxy, C1-4Alkylthio radical, C1-4Alkylamino radical, C1-4Hydroxy-substituted alkyl, C3-C6Cycloalkyl radical, C3-C6Carbocyclyl, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, C6-C10Aryl or 5-10 membered heteroaryl.
In one embodiment, R in formula (I) or formula (II)3、R4、R5And R6Each independently is H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NH2、-OH、-NO2、-COOH、-C(＝O)NH2、-C(＝O)-(C1-4Alkyl), -C (═ O) - (C)1-4Alkoxy), -C (═ O) - (C)1-4Alkylamino), C1-4Alkyl radical, C2-4Alkenyl radical, C2-4Alkynyl, C1-4Haloalkyl, C1-4Alkoxy radical, C1-4Haloalkoxy, C1-4Alkylthio radical, C1-4Alkylamino or C1-4A hydroxy-substituted alkyl group.
In one embodiment, R in formula (I) or formula (II)1Is D, -CD3、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-NH2、-OH、-NO2、-COOH、 -C(＝O)NH2、-C(＝O)CH3、-C(＝O)OCH3、-C(＝O)OCH2CH3、-C(＝O)NHCH3、-C(＝O)N(CH3)2Ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, -CHF2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CF2CF3Methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy, -OCHF2、-OCF3、-OCH2CF3、-OCF2CF3Methylthio, ethylthio, -NHCH3、-N(CH3)2、-CH2OH, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, phenyl, indenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, benzimidazolyl, indolyl or quinolinyl.
In one embodiment, R in formula (I) or formula (II)3、R4、R5And R6Each independently is H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NH2、-OH、-NO2、-COOH、-C(＝O)NH2、-C(＝O)CH3、-C(＝O)OCH3、-C(＝O)OCH2CH3、-C(＝O)NHCH3、 -C(＝O)N(CH3)2Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, vinyl, ethynyl, -CHF2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-CF2CF3Methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy, -OCHF2、-OCF3、-OCH2CF3、-OCF2CF3Methylthio, ethylthio, -NHCH3、 -N(CH3)2or-CH2OH。
In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention, which is a compound having one of the following structures or a stereoisomer, tautomer, nitrogen oxide, solvate, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound having one of the following structures,
Figure BDA0001531559250000041
Figure BDA0001531559250000051
in another aspect, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention.
In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention optionally comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, adjuvant, or any combination thereof.
In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of a compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein for the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention, treatment or alleviation of diseases or disorders associated with orexin receptors.
In one embodiment, the orexin receptor-related disease is sleep disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, affective neuropathy, depressive neuropathy, anxiety neuropathy, mood disorder, panic attack disorder, behavioral disorders, mood disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, sexual dysfunction, psychosis, schizophrenia, manic depression, delirium, dementia, drug dependence, addiction, cognitive disorder, alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, movement disorder, eating disorder, headache, migraine, pain, digestive system disease, epilepsy, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic disease, immune-related disease, endocrine-related disease or hypertension.
In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of a compound or pharmaceutical composition according to the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for antagonizing orexin receptors.
In another aspect, the invention relates to a process for the preparation, isolation and purification of a compound encompassed by formula (I) or formula (II).
Biological test results show that the compound provided by the invention can be used as a better orexin receptor antagonist.
Any embodiment of any aspect of the invention may be combined with other embodiments, as long as they do not contradict. Furthermore, in any embodiment of any aspect of the invention, any feature may be applicable to that feature in other embodiments, so long as they do not contradict.
The foregoing merely summarizes certain aspects of the invention and is not intended to be limiting. These and other aspects will be more fully described below.
Detailed description of the invention
Definitions and general terms
Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated by the accompanying structural and chemical formulas. The invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. One skilled in the art will recognize that many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the present invention. The present invention is in no way limited to the methods and materials described herein. In the event that one or more of the incorporated documents, patents, and similar materials differ or contradict this application (including but not limited to defined terminology, application of terminology, described techniques, and the like), this application controls.
It will be further appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All patents and publications referred to herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The articles "a," "an," and "the" as used herein are intended to include "at least one" or "one or more" unless otherwise indicated or clearly contradicted by context. Thus, as used herein, the articles refer to one or to more than one (i.e., to at least one) of the objects. For example, "an embodiment" refers to one or more embodiments.
The term "optional" or "optionally" means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may, but need not, occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.
The term "optionally substituted with … …" is used interchangeably with the term "unsubstituted or substituted with … …", i.e., the structure or group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents described herein, wherein the substitution is meant to occur at any reasonable position on the structure or group as permitted by the valency of the substituent. Substituents described herein include, but are not limited to, D, F, Cl, Br, I, -N3、-CN、-NH2、-OH、 -SH、-NO2、-COOH、-C(＝O)NH2-C (═ O) -alkyl, -C (═ O) -alkoxy, -C (═ O) -alkylamino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, hydroxy-substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and the like.
In general, the term "substituted" means that one or more hydrogen atoms in a given structure or group are replaced with a particular substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, a substituent may be substituted at any reasonable position in the group that it may be substituted for. When more than one position in a given formula can be substituted with one or more particular substituents selected from the group, then the substituents may be substituted identically or differently at each of the possible positions in the formula.
The term "comprising" is open-ended, i.e. includes the elements indicated in the present invention, but does not exclude other elements.
The term "unsaturated" or "unsaturated" means that the moiety contains one or more degrees of unsaturation.
In addition, unless otherwise expressly indicated, the descriptions of "… independently" and "… independently" and "… independently" used in this invention are interchangeable and should be understood in a broad sense to mean that the particular items expressed between the same symbols in different groups do not affect each other or that the particular items expressed between the same symbols in the same groups do not affect each otherHas no influence. For example, the formula "-C (═ O) NR9R9a"and structural formula" R9R9aN-S(＝O)2- "between them R9And R9aAre not affected by each other.
In the various parts of this specification, substituents of the disclosed compounds are disclosed in terms of group type or range. It is specifically intended that the invention includes each and every independent subcombination of the various members of these groups and ranges. For example, the term "C1-6Alkyl "means in particular independently disclosed methyl, ethyl, C3Alkyl radical, C4Alkyl radical, C5Alkyl and C6An alkyl group.
The term "D" denotes a single deuterium atom.
The term "heteroatom" denotes one or more of oxygen (O), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) or silicon (Si), including nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) in any oxidation state; primary, secondary, tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salt forms; or a form in which a hydrogen on a nitrogen atom in the heterocycle is substituted, for example, N (like N in 3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (like NH in pyrrolidinyl) or NR (like NR in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).
The terms "halogen" and "halo" are used interchangeably herein to refer to fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I).
The term "alkyl" or "alkyl group" as used herein, denotes a saturated, straight or branched chain, monovalent hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl group may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described herein. In one embodiment, the alkyl group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms; in another embodiment, the alkyl group contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms; in yet another embodiment, the alkyl group contains 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl (Me, -CH)3) Ethyl group (Et, -CH)2CH3) N-propyl (n-Pr, -CH)2CH2CH3) Isopropyl group (i-Pr, -CH (CH)3)2) N-butyl (n-Bu, -CH)2CH2CH2CH3) Isobutyl (i-B)u、-CH2CH(CH3)2) Sec-butyl (s-Bu, -CH (CH)3)CH2CH3) Tert-butyl (t-Bu, -C (CH)3)3) And so on.
The term "alkenyl" denotes a straight or branched chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein at least one carbon-carbon sp is present2A double bond, wherein the alkenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents described herein, including the positioning of "cis" and "trans", or the positioning of "E" and "Z".
The term "alkynyl" denotes a straight or branched chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein there is at least one carbon-carbon sp triple bond, wherein the alkynyl radical is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described herein.
The term "alkoxy" means an alkyl group attached to the rest of the molecule through an oxygen atom, wherein the alkyl group has the meaning as described herein. Unless otherwise specified, the alkoxy group contains 1 to 12 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the alkoxy group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms; in another embodiment, the alkoxy group contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms; in yet another embodiment, the alkoxy group contains 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The alkoxy group may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents described herein.
Examples of alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy (MeO, -OCH)3) Ethoxy (EtO, -OCH)2CH3) 1-propoxy (n-PrO, n-propoxy, -OCH)2CH2CH3) 2-propoxy (i-PrO, i-propoxy, -OCH (CH)3)2) 1-butoxy (n-BuO, n-butoxy, -OCH)2CH2CH2CH3) 2-methyl-l-propoxy (i-BuO, i-butoxy, -OCH)2CH(CH3)2) 2-butoxy (s-BuO, s-butoxy, -OCH (CH)3)CH2CH3) 2-methyl-2-propoxy (t-BuO, t-butoxy, -OC (CH)3)3) And so on.
The term "haloalkanesBy "is meant that the alkyl group is substituted with one or more halogen atoms, where the alkyl group has the meaning as described herein, examples of which include, but are not limited to, -CF3、-CF2CF3、-CH2CF2CHF2And the like. In one embodiment, "haloalkyl" is a lower C1-4Haloalkyl, wherein said "C1-4Haloalkyl "comprises fluorine substituted C1-4Alkyl, chloro-substituted C1-4Alkyl, bromo substituted C1-4Alkyl, iodo substituted C1-4Alkyl, and the like. In particular, C substituted by halogen atoms1-4The alkyl group containing-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、-CH2Cl、-CHCl2、 -CCl3、-CH2Br、-CHBr2、-CBr3、-CH2CH2F、-CH2CHF2、-CH2CF3、-CF2CH2F、-CF2CHF2、-CF2CF3、-CHFCF3、 -CHFCHF2、-CHFCH2F、-CH2CH2CF3、-CH2CF2CHF2And so on. The haloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents described herein.
The term "haloalkoxy" denotes an alkoxy group substituted with one or more halogen atoms, wherein the alkoxy group has the meaning as described herein, examples of which include, but are not limited to, -OCF3、-OCF2CF3、-OCH2CF2CHF2And the like. The haloalkoxy group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents described herein.
The term "alkylthio" means an alkyl group attached to the rest of the molecule through a sulfur atom, wherein the alkyl group has the meaning as described herein. Unless otherwise specified, the alkylthio group contains 1 to 12 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the alkylthio group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms; in another embodiment, the alkylthio group contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms; in yet another embodiment, the alkylthio group contains 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The alkylthio group may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents described herein.
Examples of alkylthio groups include, but are not limited to, methylthio (MeS, -SCH)3) Ethylthio (EtS, -SCH)2CH3) 1-propylthio (n-PrS, n-propylthio, -SCH)2CH2CH3) 2-propylthio (i-PrS, i-propylthio, -SCH (CH)3)2) 1-butylthio (n-BuS, n-butylthio, -SCH)2CH2CH2CH3) 2-methyl-l-propylthio (i-BuS, i-butylthio, -SCH)2CH(CH3)2) 2-butylthio (s-BuS, s-butylthio, -SCH (CH)3)CH2CH3) 2-methyl-2-propylthio (t-BuS, t-butylthio, -SC (CH)3)3) And so on.
The term "alkylamino" or "alkylamino" includes "N-alkylamino" and "N, N-dialkylamino" wherein the amino groups are each independently substituted with one or two alkyl groups, wherein the alkyl groups have the meaning as described herein. Suitable alkylamino groups can be monoalkylamino or dialkylamino, and such examples include, but are not limited to, N-methylamino, N-ethylamino, N-dimethylamino, N-diethylamino, and the like. The alkylamino group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents described herein.
The term "hydroxy-substituted alkyl" means that the alkyl group is substituted with one or more hydroxy groups, wherein the alkyl group has the meaning described herein. Examples include, but are not limited to, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, 1, 2-dihydroxyethyl, and the like.
The term "n-membered" or "composed of n atoms", where n is an integer, typically describes the number of ring-forming atoms in a molecule in which the number of ring-forming atoms is n. For example, piperidinyl is 6-atom heterocyclyl or 6-membered heterocyclyl, and cyclohexyl is 6-atom cycloalkyl or 6-membered cycloalkyl.
The terms "carbocyclyl" or "carbocycle" are used interchangeably herein and refer to a mono-or polyvalent monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring system containing from 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms, wherein the ring may be fully saturated or contain one or more unsaturations, but not one aromatic ring. Carbobicyclic groups include spirocarbocyclic and fused carbocyclic groups, and suitable carbocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and cycloalkynyl groups. In one embodiment, carbocyclyl contains 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms; in yet another embodiment, carbocyclyl contains 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms. Examples of carbocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to: cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopentyl-1-alkenyl, 1-cyclopentyl-2-alkenyl, 1-cyclopentyl-3-alkenyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohexyl-1-alkenyl, 1-cyclohexyl-2-alkenyl, 1-cyclohexyl-3-alkenyl, cyclohexadienyl, and the like. The carbocyclyl groups may independently be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents described herein.
The terms "heterocyclyl" and "heterocycle" are used interchangeably herein and refer to a mono-, bi-or tricyclic monovalent or multivalent ring system containing 3 to 12 ring atoms, wherein one or more atoms in the ring are independently replaced by a heteroatom having the meaning described herein, which ring may be fully saturated or contain one or more unsaturations, but not one aromatic ring. Unless otherwise specified, heterocyclyl may be carbon-or nitrogen-based, and-CH2-the group may optionally be replaced by-C (═ O) -. The sulfur atom of the ring may optionally be oxidized to the S-oxide. The nitrogen atom of the ring may optionally be oxidized to an N-oxygen compound. Examples of heterocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to: oxirane, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, dihydrothienyl, 1, 3-dioxolanyl, dithiocyclopentyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, and the like. In heterocyclic radicals of-CH2Examples of the substitution of the-group by-C (═ O) -include, but are not limited toWithout limitation, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxo-1, 3-thiazolidinyl, 2-piperidinonyl, 3, 5-dioxopiperidinyl and pyrimidinedione groups. Examples of the sulfur atom in the heterocyclic group being oxidized include, but are not limited to, sulfolane group, 1-dioxothiomorpholinyl group. The heterocyclyl group may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described herein.
The term "cycloalkyl" denotes a monovalent or polyvalent saturated monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like. The cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents described herein.
The term "aryl" denotes a mono-, bi-or tricyclic mono-, carbocyclic ring system containing 6 to 14 ring atoms, or 6 to 10 ring atoms, or 6 ring atoms, wherein at least one ring is aromatic. The aryl group is typically, but not necessarily, attached to the parent molecule through an aromatic ring of the aryl group. The term "aryl" may be used interchangeably with the terms "aromatic ring" or "aromatic ring". Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, and the like. The aryl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents described herein.
The term "heteroaryl" denotes a mono-, bi-or tricyclic ring system containing 5 to 14 ring atoms, or 5 to 10 ring atoms, or 5 to 6 ring atoms (i.e., 5 to 6 membered), monovalent or multivalent, wherein at least one ring is aromatic and at least one ring contains one or more heteroatoms. The heteroaryl group is typically, but not necessarily, attached to the parent molecule through an aromatic ring of the heteroaryl group. The term "heteroaryl" may be used interchangeably with the terms "heteroaromatic ring" or "heteroaromatic compound". The heteroaryl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents described herein.
Examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, N-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, N-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl (e.g., 3-pyridazinyl), 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, tetrazolyl (e.g., 5-tetrazolyl), triazolyl (e.g., 2-triazolyl and 5-triazolyl), and the like, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, pyrazolyl (e.g., 2-pyrazolyl), isothiazolyl, 1,2, 3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2, 5-oxadiazolyl, 1,2, 4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2, 3-triazolyl, 1,2, 3-thiadiazolyl, 1,3, 4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2, 5-thiadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3, 5-triazinyl; the following bicyclic rings are also included, but are in no way limited to these: benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, indolyl (e.g., 2-indolyl), purinyl, quinolyl (e.g., 2-quinolyl, 3-quinolyl, 4-quinolyl), isoquinolyl (e.g., 1-isoquinolyl, 3-isoquinolyl, or 4-isoquinolyl), imidazo [1,2-a ] pyridyl, pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyrimidinyl, imidazo [1,2-b ] pyridazinyl, [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-b ] pyridazinyl, [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a ] pyrimidinyl, [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a ] pyridyl, and the like.
As described herein, the attachment point may be attached to the rest of the molecule at any point on the ring where it can be attached. For example, Hy in the present invention may be a triazolyl group, any position on the triazolyl group that can be attached may be used as a point of attachment to the rest of the molecule, including in particular the sub-formulae i-1 to i-14:
Figure BDA0001531559250000091
Figure BDA0001531559250000092
as described in the present invention, the substituent
Figure BDA0001531559250000093
The ring system formed by a ring bound to the center (shown below) represents only a substituent
Figure BDA0001531559250000094
Can be substituted at the following positions on the ring, as in formula f1-f3Shown in the figure:
Figure BDA0001531559250000095
the term "stereoisomers" refers to compounds having the same chemical structure, but differing in the arrangement of atoms or groups in space. Stereoisomers include enantiomers, diastereomers, conformers (rotamers), geometric isomers (cis/trans), atropisomers, and the like.
The stereochemical definitions and rules used in the present invention generally follow the general definitions of S.P. Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms (1984) McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York; and Eliel, E.and Wilen, S, "Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds", John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York, 1994. Many organic compounds exist in an optically active form, i.e., they have the ability to rotate the plane of plane polarized light. In describing optically active compounds, the prefixes D and L or R and S are used to denote the absolute configuration of a molecule with respect to one or more of its chiral centers. The prefixes d and l or (+) and (-) are the symbols used to specify the rotation of plane polarized light by the compound, where (-) or l indicates that the compound is left-handed and the compound prefixed with (+) or d is right-handed. A particular stereoisomer is an enantiomer and a mixture of such isomers is referred to as an enantiomeric mixture. A50: 50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to as a racemic mixture or racemate, which may occur when there is no stereoselectivity or stereospecificity in the chemical reaction or process.
Any resulting mixture of stereoisomers may be separated into pure or substantially pure geometric isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, depending on differences in the physicochemical properties of the components, for example, by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.
Any of which may be used in a known mannerThe racemates of the resulting final products or intermediates are resolved into the optical enantiomers by methods familiar to those skilled in the art, e.g., by separation of the diastereomeric salts obtained. The racemic product can also be separated by chiral chromatography, e.g., High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using a chiral adsorbent. In particular, Enantiomers can be prepared by asymmetric synthesis, for example, see Jacques, et al, Enantiomers, racemes and solutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981); principles of Asymmetric Synthesis (2)nd Ed.Robert E.Gawley,Jeffrey Aube,Elsevier,Oxford,UK,2012)；Eliel,E.L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds(McGraw-Hill,NY,1962)；Wilen,S.H.Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p.268(E.L.Eliel,Ed.,Univ.of Notre Dame Press,Notre Dame,IN 1972)；Chiral Separation Techniques:A Practical Approach(Subramanian,G.Ed.,Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co.KGaA,Weinheim, Germany,2007)。
The term "tautomer" or "tautomeric form" refers to structural isomers having different energies that can interconvert by a low energy barrier (low energy barrier). If tautomerism is possible (e.g., in solution), then the chemical equilibrium of the tautomer can be reached. For example, proton tautomers (also known as proton transfer tautomers) include interconversions by proton migration, such as keto-enol isomerization and imine-enamine isomerization.
"pharmaceutically acceptable" refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of patients without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and which are effective for their intended use.
The term "prodrug", as used herein, represents a compound that is converted in vivo to a compound of formula (I) or (II). Such conversion is effected by hydrolysis of the prodrug in the blood or by enzymatic conversion to the parent structure in the blood or tissue. The prodrug compound of the invention can be ester, which is existed in the prior artIn the invention, the ester can be used as a prodrug and is a benzene ester, aliphatic (C)1-24) Esters, acyloxymethyl esters, carbonates, carbamates and amino acid esters. For example, a compound of the present invention contains a hydroxy group, i.e., it can be acylated to provide the compound in prodrug form. Other prodrug forms include phosphate esters, such as those obtained by phosphorylation of a hydroxyl group on the parent. For a complete discussion of prodrugs, reference may be made to the following: higuchi et al, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, vol.14, a.c.s. Symposium Series; roche et al, ed., Bioreversible Cariers in Drug Design, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987; rautio et al, primers: Design and Clinical Applications, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery,2008,7,255-.
"metabolite" refers to the product of a particular compound or salt thereof obtained by metabolism in vivo. Metabolites of a compound can be identified by techniques well known in the art, and its activity can be characterized by assay methods as described herein. Such products may be obtained by administering the compound by oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, deamidation, esterification, defatting, enzymatic cleavage, and the like. Accordingly, the present invention includes metabolites of compounds, including metabolites produced by contacting a compound of the present invention with a mammal for a sufficient period of time.
As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refer to organic and inorganic salts of the compounds of the present invention. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art, as are: berge et al, description of the scientific acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences,1977,66:1-19. Pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid salts include, but are not limited to, inorganic acid salts formed by reaction with amino groups such as hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, phosphates, sulfates, perchlorates, and organic saltsAcid salts such as acetate, oxalate, maleate, tartrate, citrate, succinate, malonate, or by other methods described in the literature such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipates, alginates, ascorbates, aspartates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, bisulfates, borates, butyrates, camphorates, camphorsulfonates, cyclopentylpropionates, digluconates, dodecylsulfates, ethanesulfonates, formates, fumarates, glucoheptonates, glycerophosphates, gluconates, hemisulfates, heptanoates, hexanoates, hydroiodides, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonates, lactobionates, lactates, laurates, malates, methanesulfonates, 2-naphthalenesulfonates, nicotinates, nitrates, oleates, palmitates, pamoates, pectinates, persulfates, 3-phenylpropionates, picrates, pivalates, propionates, stearates, thiocyanates, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate, and the like. Salts obtained with appropriate bases include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium and N+(C1-4Alkyl radical)4A salt. The present invention also contemplates quaternary ammonium salts formed from compounds containing groups of N. Water-soluble or oil-soluble or dispersion products can be obtained by quaternization. Alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts further include suitable, non-toxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium salts and amine cations resistant to formation of counterions, such as halides, hydroxides, carboxylates, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, C1-8Sulfonates and aromatic sulfonates.
"solvate" of the present invention refers to an association of one or more solvent molecules with a compound of the present invention. Solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, ethanolamine, or mixtures thereof. The term "hydrate" refers to an association of solvent molecules that is water.
When the solvent is water, the term "hydrate" may be used. In one embodiment, a molecule of a compound of the present invention may be associated with a molecule of water, such as a monohydrate; in another embodiment, one molecule of the compound of the present invention may be associated with more than one molecule of water, such as a dihydrate, and in yet another embodiment, one molecule of the compound of the present invention may be associated with less than one molecule of water, such as a hemihydrate. It should be noted that the hydrates of the present invention retain the biological effectiveness of the compound in its non-hydrated form.
The term "therapeutically effective amount" or "therapeutically effective dose" as used herein refers to an amount of a compound of the invention that is capable of eliciting a biological or medical response (e.g., reducing or inhibiting enzyme or protein activity, or ameliorating symptoms, alleviating a disorder, slowing or delaying the progression of a disease, or preventing a disease, etc.) in a subject.
The present invention relates to substituted (octahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrol-2 (1H) -yl) phenyl methanone compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and pharmaceutical formulations thereof, which have orexin receptor antagonistic effects and are useful as orexin receptor antagonists for the prevention or treatment of diseases associated with orexin receptors, such as sleep disorders, psychiatric, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, drug dependence, addiction, cognitive disorders, movement disorders, eating disorders and the like.
Unless otherwise indicated, all suitable isotopic variations, stereoisomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites, salts and pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention are encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
The compounds of formula (I) or formula (II) may exist in different tautomeric forms and all such tautomers are included within the scope of the invention.
Nitroxides of the compounds of the present invention are also included within the scope of the present invention. The nitroxides of the compounds of the present invention may be prepared by oxidation of the corresponding nitrogen-containing basic species using a common oxidizing agent (e.g. hydrogen peroxide) in the presence of an acid such as acetic acid at elevated temperature, or by reaction with a peracid in a suitable solvent, for example peracetic acid in dichloromethane, ethyl acetate or methyl acetate, or 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in chloroform or dichloromethane.
In addition, when the compounds of the present invention form hydrates or solvates, they are also included in the scope of the present invention. Similarly, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of hydrates or solvates of the compounds of the invention are also included within the scope of the invention.
The compounds of formula (I) or formula (II) may be present in the form of a salt. In one embodiment, the salt refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound, basic or acidic moiety, by conventional chemical methods. In general, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base (e.g., Na, Ca, Mg, or K hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, etc.), or by reacting the free base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate acid. Such reactions are usually carried out in water or an organic solvent or a mixture of both. Generally, where appropriate, it is desirable to use a non-aqueous medium such as diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol or acetonitrile. In, for example, "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences", 20 th edition, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., (1985); and "handbook of pharmaceutically acceptable salts: properties, Selection and application (Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use) ", Stahl and Wermuth (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2002) may find some additional lists of suitable Salts.
The compounds of the invention are basic and therefore generally are capable of forming pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts by treatment with a suitable acid. Suitable acids include pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic acids and pharmaceutically acceptable organic acids. Representative pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, nitrate, methyl nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, sulfamate, phosphate, acetate, glycolate, phenylacetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, maleate, hydroxymaleate, acrylate, fumarate, malate, tartrate, citrate, salicylate, para-aminosalicylate, glycolate, lactate, heptanoate, phthalate, oxalate, succinate, benzoate, o-acetoxybenzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, mandelate, tannate, formate, stearate, ascorbate, palmitate, oleate, pyruvate, malate, tartrate, citrate, salicylate, maleate, tartrate, citrate, maleate, fumarate, maleate, tartrate, maleate, or salt of a compound, Pamoate, malonate, laurate, glutarate, glutamate, etonate, mesylate, hexanesulfonate, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, sulfanilate, p-toluenesulfonate, and naphthalene-2-sulfonate, and the like.
Any formulae given herein are also intended to represent the non-isotopically enriched forms as well as the isotopically enriched forms of these compounds. Isotopically enriched compounds have the structure depicted by the formulae given herein, except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number. Exemplary isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine and chlorine, such as2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、15N、17O、18O、18F、31P、32P、35S、36Cl and125I。
in another aspect, the compounds of the invention include isotopically enriched compounds as defined herein, e.g. wherein a radioisotope, e.g. is present3H、14C and18those compounds of F, or in which a non-radioactive isotope is present, e.g.2H and13C. the isotopically enriched compounds can be used for metabolic studies (use)14C) Reaction kinetics study (using, for example2H or3H) Detection or imaging techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate tissue distribution determination, or may be used in radiotherapy of a patient.18F-enriched Compound vs PET or SPECT studies are particularly desirable. Isotopically enriched compounds of formula (I) or formula (II) can be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by the procedures and examples described in the present specification using a suitable isotopically labelled reagent in place of the original used unlabelled reagent.
In another aspect, the invention relates to intermediates for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) or formula (II).
Pharmaceutical compositions, formulations and administration of the compounds of the invention
The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition, which comprises a compound shown in a formula (I) or a formula (II) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, a nitrogen oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug of the compound shown in the formula (I) or the formula (II). The pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or excipient, and optionally, other therapeutic and/or prophylactic ingredients.
Suitable carriers, adjuvants and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in detail, for example, in Ansel h.c.et al, Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems (2004) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, philidelphia; gennaro a.r.et al, Remington: the Science and Practice of Pharmacy (2000) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; and Rowe R.C., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (2005) Pharmaceutical Press, Chicago.
As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable excipient" means a pharmaceutically acceptable material, mixture or vehicle that is compatible with the dosage form or pharmaceutical composition to be administered. Each excipient, when mixed, must be compatible with the other ingredients of the pharmaceutical composition in order to avoid interactions that would substantially reduce the efficacy of the compounds of the invention when administered to a patient and interactions that would result in a pharmaceutical composition that is not pharmaceutically acceptable. Furthermore, each excipient must be pharmaceutically acceptable, e.g., of sufficiently high purity.
Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients will vary depending on the particular dosage form selected. In addition, pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may be selected for their specific function in the composition. For example, certain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may be selected to aid in the production of a uniform dosage form. Certain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may be selected to aid in the production of stable dosage forms. Certain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may be selected to facilitate carrying or transporting a compound of the invention from one organ or portion of the body to another organ or portion of the body when administered to a patient. Certain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may be selected that enhance patient compliance.
Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include the following types of excipients: diluents, fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, granulating agents, coating agents, wetting agents, solvents, co-solvents, suspending agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, flavoring agents, taste masking agents, colorants, anti-caking agents, humectants, chelating agents, plasticizers, viscosity increasing agents, antioxidants, preservatives, stabilizers, surfactants and buffers. One skilled in the art will recognize that certain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may provide more than one function, and provide alternative functions, depending on how many such excipients are present in the formulation and which other excipients are present in the formulation.
The skilled person is knowledgeable and skilled in the art to enable them to select suitable amounts of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients for use in the present invention. Furthermore, there is a large amount of resources available to the skilled person, who describes pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and is used to select suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Examples include Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Publishing Company), The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives (Gower Publishing Limited), and The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (The American Pharmaceutical Association and The Pharmaceutical Press).
Various carriers for formulating pharmaceutically acceptable compositions, and well known techniques for their preparation, are disclosed in Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,21st edition,2005, ed.D.B.Troy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, and Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, eds.J.Swarbrick and J.C.Boylan, 1988. Annu 1999, Marcel Dekker, New York, The contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. Except insofar as any conventional carrier is incompatible with the compounds of the invention, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or interacting in a deleterious manner with any other ingredient in a pharmaceutically acceptable composition, its use is contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.
The compounds of the present invention are generally formulated in a dosage form suitable for administration to a patient by a desired route. For example, dosage forms include those suitable for the following routes of administration: (1) oral administration, such as tablets, capsules, caplets, pills, troches, powders, syrups, elixirs, suspensions, solutions, emulsions, sachets and cachets; (2) parenteral administration, such as sterile solutions, suspensions, and reconstituted powders; (3) transdermal administration, such as transdermal patches; (4) rectal administration, e.g., suppositories; (5) inhalation, such as aerosols, solutions, and dry powders; and (6) topical administration, such as creams, ointments, lotions, solutions, pastes, sprays, foams and gels.
It will also be appreciated that certain compounds of the invention may be present in free form for use in therapy or, if appropriate, in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof. Some non-limiting embodiments of pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives include pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, salts, esters, salts of such esters, or any additional adduct or derivative that upon administration to a patient in need thereof provides, directly or indirectly, a compound of the present invention or a metabolite or residue thereof.
In one embodiment, the compounds of the present invention may be formulated in oral dosage forms. In another embodiment, the compounds of the present invention may be formulated in an inhalation dosage form. In another embodiment, the compounds of the present invention may be formulated for nasal administration. In yet another embodiment, the compounds of the present invention may be formulated for transdermal administration. In yet another embodiment, the compounds of the present invention may be formulated for topical administration.
The pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention may be provided as compressed tablets, milled tablets, chewable lozenges, fast-dissolving tablets, double-compressed tablets, enteric-coated tablets, sugar-coated or film-coated tablets. Enteric coated tablets are compressed tablets coated with a substance that is resistant to the action of gastric acid but dissolves or disintegrates in the intestine, thereby preventing the active ingredient from contacting the acidic environment of the stomach. Enteric coatings include, but are not limited to, fatty acids, fats, phenyl salicylate, waxes, shellac, ammoniated shellac, and cellulose acetate phthalate. Sugar-coated tablets are compressed tablets surrounded by a sugar coating, which can help to mask unpleasant tastes or odors and prevent oxidation of the tablet. Film-coated tablets are compressed tablets covered with a thin layer or film of a water-soluble substance. Film coatings include, but are not limited to, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol 4000, and cellulose acetate phthalate. Film coatings are endowed with the same general characteristics as sugar coatings. A tabletted tablet is a compressed tablet prepared over more than one compression cycle, including a multi-layer tablet, and a press-coated or dry-coated tablet.
Tablet dosage forms may be prepared from the active ingredient in powder, crystalline or granular form, alone or in combination with one or more carriers or excipients described herein, including binders, disintegrants, controlled release polymers, lubricants, diluents and/or colorants. Flavoring and sweetening agents are particularly useful in forming chewable tablets and lozenges.
The pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention may be provided in soft or hard capsules, which may be prepared from gelatin, methylcellulose, starch or calcium alginate. The hard gelatin capsules, also known as Dry Fill Capsules (DFC), consist of two segments, one inserted into the other, thus completely encapsulating the active ingredient. Soft Elastic Capsules (SEC) are soft, spherical shells, such as gelatin shells, which are plasticized by the addition of glycerol, sorbitol or similar polyols. The soft gelatin shell may contain a preservative to prevent microbial growth. Suitable preservatives are those as described herein, including methyl and propyl parabens, and sorbic acid. The liquid, semi-solid and solid dosage forms provided by the present invention may be encapsulated in a capsule. Suitable liquid and semi-solid dosage forms include solutions and suspensions in propylene carbonate, vegetable oils or triglycerides. Capsules containing such solutions may be as described in U.S. patent nos.4,328,245; 4,409,239 and 4,410,545. The capsules may also be coated as known to those skilled in the art to improve or maintain dissolution of the active ingredient.
The pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may be provided in liquid and semi-solid dosage forms, including emulsions, solutions, suspensions, elixirs and syrups. Emulsions are two-phase systems in which one liquid is dispersed throughout another in the form of globules, which can be either oil-in-water or water-in-oil. Emulsions may include pharmaceutically acceptable non-aqueous liquids and solvents, emulsifiers and preservatives. Suspensions may include a pharmaceutically acceptable suspending agent and a preservative. The aqueous alcoholic solution may comprise pharmaceutically acceptable acetals, such as di (lower alkyl) acetals of lower alkyl aldehydes, e.g. acetaldehyde diethyl acetal; and water-soluble solvents having one or more hydroxyl groups, such as propylene glycol and ethanol. Elixirs are clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic solutions. Syrups are concentrated aqueous solutions of sugars, such as sucrose, and may also contain preservatives. For liquid dosage forms, for example, a solution in polyethylene glycol may be diluted with a sufficient amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier, such as water, for precise and convenient administration.
The pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may be formulated in any dosage form suitable for administration to a patient by inhalation, such as a dry powder, aerosol, suspension or solution composition. In one embodiment, the disclosed pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a dosage form suitable for inhalation administration to a patient as a dry powder. In yet another embodiment, the disclosed pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a dosage form suitable for inhalation administration to a patient via a nebulizer. Dry powder compositions for delivery to the lung by inhalation typically comprise a finely powdered compound of the disclosed invention and one or more finely powdered pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that are particularly suitable for use as dry powders are known to those skilled in the art and include lactose, starch, mannitol, and mono-, di-and polysaccharides. The fine powder may be prepared by, for example, micronization andgrinding to obtain the product. Generally, the size-reduced (e.g., micronized) compound may pass through a D of about 1 to 10 microns50Values (e.g., measured by laser diffraction).
Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for transdermal administration may be prepared as discrete patches intended to remain in intimate contact with the epidermis of the patient for an extended period of time. For example, the active ingredient may be delivered from a patch agent by iontophoresis, as generally described in Pharmaceutical Research,3(6),318 (1986).
Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for topical administration may be formulated as ointments, creams, suspensions, lotions, powders, solutions, pastes, gels, sprays, aerosols or oils. For example, ointments, creams and gels may be formulated with a water or oil base, and suitable thickeners and/or gelling agents and/or solvents. Such bases may include, water, and/or oils such as liquid paraffin and vegetable oils (e.g., peanut oil or castor oil), or solvents such as polyethylene glycol. Thickeners and gelling agents used according to the nature of the base include soft paraffin, aluminium stearate, cetostearyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, lanolin, beeswax, carbopol and cellulose derivatives, and/or glyceryl monostearate and/or non-ionic emulsifiers.
The compounds of the invention may also be conjugated to soluble polymers as targeted drug carriers. Such polymers include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethylaspartamidephenol or polyoxyethylene polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues. In addition, the disclosed compounds may be combined with a class of biodegradable polymers used in achieving controlled release of a drug, such as polylactic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates, and crosslinked or amphiphilic block copolymers of hydrogels.
The pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention may be administered parenterally by injection, infusion or implantation for local or systemic administration. Parenteral administration as used herein includes intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intraventricular, intraurethral, intrasternal, intracranial, intramuscular, intrasynovial and subcutaneous administration.
The pharmaceutical compositions provided herein can be formulated in any dosage form suitable for parenteral administration, including solutions, suspensions, emulsions, micelles, liposomes, microspheres, nanosystems and solid forms suitable for solution or suspension in a liquid prior to injection. Such dosage forms can be prepared according to conventional methods known to those skilled in The art of pharmaceutical Science (see Remington: The Science and practice of Pharmacy, supra).
Pharmaceutical compositions intended for parenteral administration may include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients, including, but not limited to, aqueous vehicles, water-miscible vehicles, non-aqueous vehicles, antimicrobial agents or preservatives to inhibit microbial growth, stabilizers, solubility enhancers, isotonic agents, buffers, antioxidants, local anesthetics, suspending and dispersing agents, wetting or emulsifying agents, complexing agents, sequestering or chelating agents, cryoprotectants, thickening agents, pH adjusting agents, and inert gases.
The pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention may be formulated into immediate or modified release dosage forms, including delayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-, targeted-, and programmed release forms.
The pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may be formulated for single or multiple dose administration. The single dose formulations are packaged in ampoules, vials or syringes. The multi-dose parenteral formulation must contain a bacteriostatic or fungistatic concentration of the antimicrobial agent. All parenteral formulations must be sterile, as is known and practiced in the art.
The pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention may be co-formulated with other active ingredients that do not impair the intended therapeutic effect, or with substances that supplement the intended effect.
In one embodiment, the treatment methods of the present invention comprise administering to a patient in need thereof a safe and effective amount of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention. Various embodiments of the present invention encompass the treatment of the diseases mentioned herein by administering to a patient in need thereof a safe and effective amount of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention.
In one embodiment, a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention may be administered by any suitable route of administration, including systemic and topical administration. Systemic administration includes oral, parenteral, transdermal and rectal administration. Typical parenteral administration refers to administration by injection or infusion, including intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injection or infusion. Topical administration includes application to the skin and intraocular, otic, intravaginal, inhalation, and intranasal administration. In one embodiment, a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention may be administered orally. In another embodiment, a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention may be administered by inhalation. In yet another embodiment, a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention may be administered intranasally.
In one embodiment, a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention may be administered once or several times at different time intervals over a specified period of time according to a dosing regimen. For example, once, twice, three times or four times daily. In one embodiment, the administration is once daily. In yet another embodiment, the administration is twice daily. The administration may be carried out until the desired therapeutic effect is achieved or the desired therapeutic effect is maintained indefinitely. Suitable dosing regimens for the compounds of the invention or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the invention depend on the pharmacokinetic properties of the compound, such as absorption, distribution and half-life, which can be determined by the skilled person. In addition, the appropriate dosage regimen, including the duration of the regimen, of the compound of the invention or of the pharmaceutical composition containing the compound of the invention depends on the condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated, the age and physical condition of the patient being treated, the medical history of the patient being treated, the nature of concurrent therapy, the desired therapeutic effect, and other factors within the knowledge and experience of the skilled artisan. Such a skilled artisan will also appreciate that appropriate dosage regimens may be required to be adjusted for the individual patient's response to the dosage regimen, or as the individual patient needs to change over time.
The compounds of the present invention may be administered simultaneously, or before or after, one or more other therapeutic agents. The compounds of the invention may be administered separately from the other therapeutic agents, by the same or different routes of administration, or in the same pharmaceutical composition.
The compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, cyclic pyrrolidones, imidazopyridines, pyrazolopyrimidines, weakly tranquilizers, melatonin agonists and antagonists, melatonin-ergestics, benzodiazepines
Figure BDA0001531559250000161
Barbiturates, 5HT-2 antagonists, and the like, in combination, for example: ardizolam, diallabamectin, spironaphazinone, alprazolam, amitriptyline, amobarbital, amoxapine, phendiazepam, tylidine, brotizolam, bupropion, buspirone, butobarbital, carpourea, carboxaldehyde, betaine chloral, chloral hydrate, chlordiazepoxide, clomipramine, clonazepam, cloperazone, chlorambucil, chlordiazepoxide, mepiquat chloride, sodium chloride
Figure BDA0001531559250000162
Clozapine, ciprofloxacin, deaminim, cycloheptapyranol, diazepam, chloraldosalamide, dipropargonic acid, galantamine, doxepin, estazolam, chloroethylpentynol, mebendazole, fenoban, flunitrazepam, fluazepam, fluvoxamine, fluorophenoxypropylamine, diazepam, halazepam, hydroxyzine, imipramine, chlordiazepam, maprotiline, chlordiazepoxide, melatonin, tolbarbital, annin, methadone, midazolam, nefazodone, nisolone, nitazoxan, nortriptyline, norhydroxytoluene, paraaldehyde, paroxetine, pentobarbital, piprazine, perphenazine, phenelzine, phenobarbital, dinitrogen, ciprofloxacin, clozapine, cloropamide, chlorprothixene, chlorpheniramine, chlorpyridazole, chlorpyrithidiazepathidiazepathidiazepa, chlorpyridazole, chlorpyridaz
Figure BDA0001531559250000163
Promethazine, propofol, protiline, tetrafluorothiopam, rebamipam, rolipram, secobarbital, sertraline, sulpurone, temazepam, thioridazine, tracarbazate, tranylcypromine, trazodone, triazobenzodide, trapepam, trimethoxyphenylacetamide, trichloroethyl phosphate, trifluoperazine, trimethoxyphenylmorpholine, trimethoprim, udepam, venlafaxine, zaleplon, zolazepam, zolpidem, and salts and compositions thereof, and the like, or the compounds of the invention may be administered in combination with physical means such as light therapy or electrical stimulation.
In addition, the compounds of the present invention may be administered in the form of a prodrug. In the present invention, a "prodrug" of a compound of the present invention is a functional derivative that, when administered to a patient, is ultimately released in vivo from the compound of the present invention. When administering the compounds of the present invention in prodrug form, one skilled in the art can practice one or more of the following: (a) altering the in vivo onset time of the compound; (b) altering the duration of action of the compound in vivo; (c) altering the in vivo delivery or distribution of the compound; (d) altering the in vivo solubility of the compound; and (e) overcoming side effects or other difficulties faced by the compounds. Typical functional derivatives useful for preparing prodrugs comprise variants of the compounds which are cleaved in vivo either chemically or enzymatically. These variants, which involve the preparation of phosphates, amides, esters, thioesters, carbonates and carbamates, are well known to those skilled in the art.
Application of compound and pharmaceutical composition of the invention
The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein are useful as orexin receptor antagonists, for the prevention, treatment, or amelioration of diseases associated with orexin receptors, and for the preparation of medicaments that antagonize orexin receptors.
The diseases related to orexin receptors may be selected from all types of sleep disorders, all types of psychiatric, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, all types of stress-related syndromes, all types of addiction (especially the use, abuse, seeking and recovery of psychoactive substances), all types of cognitive dysfunction in healthy populations and in psychiatric and neurological patients, all types of eating or drinking disorders, etc.
In one embodiment, the condition associated with an orexin receptor comprises sleep disorders, depression, anxiety disorders, panic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, affective neuropathies, depressive neuropathies, anxiety neuropathies, mood disorders, panic attack disorders, behavioral disorders, mood disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, sexual dysfunction, psychosis, schizophrenia, manic depression, delirium, dementia, drug dependence, addiction, cognitive disorders, alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, movement disorders, eating disorders, headache, migraine, pain, digestive system disorders, epilepsy, inflammation, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, metabolic disorders, immune-related disorders, endocrine-related disorders or hypertension.
In one embodiment, the orexin receptor associated disease may be selected from sleep disorders, which include all types of insomnia, narcolepsy and other excessive sleepiness disorders, parasomnia, sleep-related dystonia, restless legs syndrome, sleep apnea syndrome, circadian rhythm disorder, jet lag syndrome, shift work syndrome and sleep phase delay or advance syndrome or mental illness related insomnia, and the like.
In one embodiment, the condition associated with an orexin receptor may be selected from psychiatric, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders including depression, anxiety, panic, obsessive compulsive disorder, affective neuropathy, depressive neuropathy, anxiety neuropathy, mood disorders, panic attack disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, sexual dysfunction, psychosis, parkinson's disease, dementia or mental retardation, and the like.
In one embodiment, the orexin receptor-associated disorder may be selected from cognitive dysfunction, which includes all types of attention, learning and memory decline of transient or chronic episodes in the normal, healthy, young, adult or elderly population, or all types of attention, learning and memory decline of transient or chronic episodes in patients with psychiatric, neurological, cardiovascular and immune system disorders, and the like.
It will be appreciated that the compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of any of these environmentally regulated disorders or diseases in situations where certain environmental conditions such as stress or fear (where stress may be of social origin such as social stress or of physiological origin such as physiological stress, including stress resulting from fear) promote or accelerate any of the disorders or diseases as previously described.
In addition to being beneficial for human therapy, the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may also find application in veterinary therapy for pets, animals of the introduced species and mammals in farm animals. Examples of other animals include horses, dogs, and cats. Herein, the compound of the present invention includes pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof.
General Synthesis of Compounds of the invention
To illustrate the invention, the following examples are set forth. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but is provided as a means of practicing the invention.
In general, the compounds of the invention may be prepared by the methods described herein, wherein the substituents are as defined in formula (I) or formula (II), unless otherwise indicated. The following reaction schemes and examples serve to further illustrate the context of the invention.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that: the chemical reactions described herein may be used to suitably prepare a number of other compounds of the invention, and other methods for preparing the compounds of the invention are considered to be within the scope of the invention. For example, the synthesis of those non-exemplified compounds according to the present invention can be successfully accomplished by those skilled in the art by modification, such as appropriate protection of interfering groups, by the use of other known reagents in addition to those described herein, or by some routine modification of reaction conditions. In addition, the reactions disclosed herein or known reaction conditions are also recognized as being applicable to the preparation of other compounds of the present invention.
The examples described below, unless otherwise indicated, are all temperatures set forth in degrees Celsius. Reagents were purchased from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich Chemical Company, Arco Chemical Company and Alfa Chemical Company and were used without further purification unless otherwise indicated. General reagents were purchased from Shantou Wen Long chemical reagent factory, Guangdong Guanghua chemical reagent factory, Guangzhou chemical reagent factory, Tianjin Haojian Yunyu chemical Co., Ltd, Tianjin Shucheng chemical reagent factory, Wuhan Xin Huayuan scientific and technological development Co., Ltd, Qingdao Tenglong chemical reagent Co., Ltd, and Qingdao Kaolingyi factory.
The anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene and ether are obtained through reflux drying of metal sodium. The anhydrous dichloromethane and chloroform are obtained by calcium hydride reflux drying. Ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, N-hexane, N, N-dimethylacetamide and N, N-dimethylformamide were used as they were previously dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
The following reactions are generally carried out under positive pressure of nitrogen or argon or by sleeving a dry tube over an anhydrous solvent (unless otherwise indicated), the reaction vial being stoppered with a suitable rubber stopper and the substrate being injected by syringe. The glassware was dried.
The column chromatography is performed using a silica gel column. Silica gel (300 and 400 meshes) was purchased from Qingdao oceanic chemical plants.
1H NMR spectra were recorded using a Bruker 400 MHz or 600 MHz NMR spectrometer.1H NMR Spectrum in CDC13、DMSO-d6、 D2O、CD3OD or acetone-d6TMS (0ppm) or chloroform (7.26 ppm) was used as a reference standard for the solvent (in ppm). When multiple peaks occur, the following abbreviations will be used: s (singleton, singlet), d (doublet ), t (triplet, triplet), q (quatet, quartet), m (multiplet ), br (broad, broad), br (broad single), dd (doublet of doublets), ddd (doublet of doublets), dt (doublet of doublets, doublets), dt (doublet of triplets, doublets), td (tr)iptet of doublets, triplet), tt (triplet of triplets). Coupling constant J, expressed in Hertz (Hz).
The conditions for determining low resolution Mass Spectrometry (MS) data were: agilent 6120 four-stage rod HPLC-MS (column model: Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X 30mm,3.5 micron, 6 min, flow rate 0.6 mL/min. mobile phase: 5% -95% (CH 3CN with 0.1% formic acid) ratio in (H2O with 0.1% formic acid), using electrospray ionization (ESI), at 210 nm/254 nm, with UV detection.
Pure compounds were detected by UV at 210 nm/254 nm using Agilent 1260 pre-HPLC or Calesep pump 250 pre-HPLC (column model: NOVASEP 50/80 mm DAC).
The following acronyms are used throughout the invention:
Figure BDA0001531559250000181
Figure BDA0001531559250000191
the following synthetic schemes describe the procedures for preparing the compounds of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, R1、R3、R4、R5And R6Having the definitions as described in the present invention.
Synthesis scheme 1
Figure BDA0001531559250000192
The compounds of the present invention (A), (B)6) Can be prepared by the method described in FIG. 1: compound (A) to (B)1) With hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c]Pyrrole-2 (1H) -tert-butyl formate nucleophilic reaction to obtain compound (I), (II)2) Compound (A) to (B)2) Coupling with alcohols containing different substituents to give compounds3) Compound (A) to (B)3) Removing Boc protecting group to obtain compound (A)4) Compound (A) to (B)4) And finally with benzoyl chlorides having different substituents (b), (c), (d) and (d)5) (reference patent)CN 105949203A, intermediate Synthesis scheme 1, Compound (I)3) Synthesis of (2) reaction to obtain a target compound6)。
The compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof provided by the present invention are further illustrated below in connection with the examples.
Examples
Example 1 Synthesis of (5- (5- (2, 2-difluoroethoxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrol-2 (1H) -yl) (5-methyl-2- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) phenyl) methanone
Figure BDA0001531559250000201
Step 1)5- (5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c]Synthesis of pyrrole-2 (1H) -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure BDA0001531559250000202
5-bromo-2-chloropyrimidine (2.902g,15.00mmol), tert-butyl hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole-2 (1H) -carboxylate (2.123g,10.00 mmol), potassium carbonate (2.792g,20.00mmol), and acetonitrile (50mL) were each charged into a 250mL reaction flask and reacted at 90 ℃ for 8 hours under reflux. The reaction was stopped by TLC detection. Evaporated to dryness and purified by silica gel column (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (v/v) ═ 5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (2.91g, 78.8%).
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:314.20[M+H-56]+；
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.29(s,2H),3.77(d,J＝5.9Hz,2H),3.63(d,J＝5.9Hz,2H),3.46(dd,J＝ 11.6,3.5Hz,2H),3.29(dd,J＝30.8,8.9Hz,2H),3.02–2.91(m,2H),1.44(s,9H).
Step 2)5- (5- (2, 2-Difluoroethoxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c]Pyrrole-2 (1H) -carboxylic acids Synthesis of tert-butyl ester
Figure BDA0001531559250000203
2, 2-Difluoroethanol (3.43mL,54.2mmol), tert-butyl 5- (5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole-2 (1H) -carboxylate (2.00g,5.42mmol), cuprous iodide (0.105g,0.54mmol), cesium carbonate (2.65g,8.12mmol), 1, 10-phenanthroline (197mg,1.08 mmol), and toluene (4mL) were charged to a 50mL reaction flask and reacted under reflux under nitrogen for 24 hours. The reaction was stopped, evaporated to dryness and purified by silica gel column (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (v/v) ═ 3/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (0.74g, 36.9%).
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:371.30[M+H]+；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.12(s,2H),6.03(tt,J＝55.0,4.0Hz,1H),4.12(td,J＝13.1,4.0Hz,2H), 3.77(d,J＝5.2Hz,2H),3.68–3.58(m,2H),3.47(dd,J＝11.4,3.9Hz,2H),3.29(dd,J＝26.7,9.0Hz,2H),3.04 –2.92(m,2H),1.44(s,9H).
Step 3)2- (5- (2, 2-Difluoroethoxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c]Combinations of pyrrole hydrochlorides Become into
Figure BDA0001531559250000204
Tert-butyl 5- (5- (2, 2-difluoroethoxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole-2 (1H) -carboxylate (0.720g,1.94mmol) was charged into a 100mL reaction flask, dissolved in dichloromethane (10mL), and reacted at room temperature with a solution of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (3.0mol/L,6.5mL,19.4 mmol). And stopping the reaction after TLC detection. Suction was filtered and the filter cake was washed with dichloromethane (10mL) and dried to give the title compound as a yellow liquid (0.66g, 99%).
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:271.20[M+H]+；
1HNMR(400MHz,D2O)δ(ppm):8.35(s,2H),6.17(tt,J＝54.0,3.1Hz,1H),4.31(td,J＝14.4,3.1Hz,2H), 3.86(dd,J＝11.7,7.3Hz,2H),3.63(dd,J＝16.8,7.9Hz,4H),3.29(ddd,J＝16.6,12.8,7.1Hz,4H).
Step 4) (5- (5- (2, 2-difluoroethoxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3, 4-c)]Pyrrole-2 (1H) -yl Synthesis of (5-methyl-2- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) phenyl) methanone
Figure BDA0001531559250000211
2- (5- (2, 2-difluoroethoxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole hydrochloride (330mg,0.96mmol) and dichloromethane (15mL) were charged into a 50mL two-necked flask, and after stirring at 0 ℃ for 10min, triethylamine (0.54mL,3.85mmol) was added, and 5-methyl-2- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) benzoyl chloride (255mg,1.15mmol) (see the synthesis of patent CN 105949203A, example 1, step 4) to step 5) dissolved in dichloromethane (5mL) was slowly added dropwise with stirring, and the temperature was controlled to 5 ℃ or lower, and after completion of dropwise addition, the reaction was continued at 0 ℃ to 5 ℃ for 2 hours, and then at room temperature for 12 hours. And stopping the reaction after TLC detection. The solvent was evaporated to dryness and purified by silica gel column (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (v/v) ═ 1/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (390mg, 89.0%).
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:456.15[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.10(s,2H),7.79(d,J＝8.3Hz,1H),7.68(s,2H),7.26(d,J＝8.2Hz,1H), 7.18(s,1H),6.01(tt,J＝54.9,3.8Hz,1H),4.10(td,J＝13.3,3.8Hz,2H),3.80(ddd,J＝19.4,11.8,7.7Hz,2H), 3.61(dd,J＝15.2,10.0Hz,2H),3.48(dd,J＝11.2,5.0Hz,1H),3.36(dd,J＝11.3,3.6 Hz,2H),3.05–2.82(m, 3H),2.36(s,3H)；
HPLC:98.26％.
Example 2 Synthesis of (2- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) phenyl) (5- (5- (2, 2-difluoroethoxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrol-2 (1H) -yl) methanone
Figure BDA0001531559250000212
2- (5- (2, 2-Difluoroethoxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole hydrochloride (330mg,0.96mmol) (refer to the synthesis of the present application, example 1, step 1) to step 3)) and dichloromethane (15mL) were added to a 50mL two-necked flask, after stirring at 0 ℃ for 10min, triethylamine (0.54mL,3.85mmol) was added, and 2- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) benzoyl chloride (239mg,1.15mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (5mL) was added dropwise with stirring (refer to patent CN 105949203A, example 2, step 1) to step 2) synthesis), the temperature was controlled below 5 ℃, the addition was completed, the reaction was continued at 0 ℃ to 5 ℃ for 2 hours, and then at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction was stopped upon TLC detection, the solvent was evaporated, purified by silica gel column (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (v/v) ═ 1/1), concentrated, and dried to give the title compound as a white solid (380 mg, 89.5%).
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:442.30[M+H]+；
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.09(s,2H),7.92(d,J＝8.1Hz,1H),7.70(s,2H),7.49–7.41(m,1H), 7.37(d,J＝4.1Hz,2H),6.00(tt,J＝54.9,3.8Hz,1H),4.15–4.01(m,2H),3.79(ddd,J＝19.1,11.8,7.7Hz,2H), 3.69–3.55(m,2H),3.49(dd,J＝11.3,5.1Hz,1H),3.37(dd,J＝11.4,3.9Hz,2H),3.06–2.86(m,3H)；
HPLC:98.48％.
EXAMPLE 3 Synthesis of (5- (5- (2, 2-difluoroethoxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrol-2 (1H) -yl) (2-fluoro-6- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) phenyl) methanone
Figure BDA0001531559250000221
2- (5- (2, 2-Difluoroethoxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole hydrochloride (350mg,1.02mmol) (refer to the synthesis of the present application, example 1, step 1) to step 3)) and dichloromethane (15mL) were added to a 50mL two-necked flask, after stirring at 0 ℃ for 10min, triethylamine (0.57mL,4.08mmol) was added, and 2-fluoro-6- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) benzoyl chloride (276mg,1.22mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (5mL) (see patent CN 105949203A, example 3, step 1) to step 2) synthesis) was added dropwise with stirring, the temperature was controlled below 5 ℃, and after completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was continued at 0 ℃ to 5 ℃ for 2 hours, and then at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction was stopped, the solvent was evaporated to dryness, purified by silica gel column (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (v/v) ═ 1/1), concentrated, and dried to give the title compound as a white solid (390mg, 89.0%).
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:460.25[M+H]+；
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.15(d,J＝24.7Hz,2H),7.81(dd,J＝14.7,6.4Hz,2H),7.71(s,1H),7.45 (dd,J＝14.4,7.0Hz,1H),7.12(dd,J＝15.6,7.8Hz,1H),6.00(td,J＝54.9,27.5Hz,1H),4.12(td,J＝13.2,3.7 Hz,2H),4.00–3.70(m,3H),3.70–3.42(m,4H),3.24(dd,J＝10.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.18–2.96(m,2H)；
HPLC:95.42％.
Example Synthesis of 45- (5- (benzyloxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrol-2 (1H) -yl) (5-methyl-2- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) phenyl) methanone
Figure BDA0001531559250000222
Step 1)5- (5- (benzyloxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3, 4-c)]Process for preparation of pyrrole-2 (1H) -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester Synthesis of
Figure BDA0001531559250000223
To a 50mL eggplant-shaped bottle was added in this order tert-butyl 5- (5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole-2 (1H) -carboxylate (1.11g, 3.00mmol) (see application, example 1, synthesis of step 1), cesium carbonate (1.47g,4.50mmol), cuprous iodide (0.058g,0.30 mmol), 1, 10-phenanthroline (0.11g,0.60mmol), benzyl alcohol (3.2mL,30.00mmol), and anhydrous toluene (3.2mL,30mmol), protected with nitrogen, and then warmed to 110 ℃ for 40 hours. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was evaporated to dryness, the aqueous layer was added with dichloromethane and water, the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (3X 50mL), and the organic phases were combined and washed with water (3X 100mL) to give a yellow-brown liquid. The solvent was evaporated to dryness and column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (v/v) ═ 4/1) afforded the title compound as a white solid (0.89g, 74.0%).
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:397.10[M+H]+；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.12(d,J＝0.7Hz,2H),7.39–7.32(m,5H),5.00(s,2H),3.75(d,J＝5.5 Hz,2H),3.63–3.62(m,2H),3.45(dd,J＝11.2,2.9Hz,2H),3.34–3.24(m,2H),2.96(s,2H),1.44(s,9H).
Step 2)2- (5- (benzyloxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) octahydropyrrolo [3, 4-c)]Synthesis of pyrrole hydrochloride
Figure BDA0001531559250000231
To a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle were added tert-butyl 5- (5- (benzyloxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole-2 (1H) -carboxylate (1.05g,2.65mmol), dichloromethane (25mL) and a solution of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (7mL,3mol/L,21mmol) in this order, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 2 hours. After completion of the reaction, filtration was carried out, and the filter cake was washed with dichloromethane (10mL) and then dried at 30 ℃ to give the objective compound as a yellow solid (0.88g, 99.0%).
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:333.60[M+H]+；
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):9.63(d,J＝1.5Hz,2H),8.31(s,2H),7.38(ddd,J＝22.7,13.5,7.0Hz, 5H),5.12(s,2H),3.66(dd,J＝11.3,6.8Hz,2H),3.53(dd,J＝11.5,2.5Hz,2H),3.39(dd,J＝10.4,5.0Hz,2H), 3.08–3.03(m,4H).
Step 3)5- (5- (benzyloxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3, 4-c)]Pyrrole-2 (1H) -yl) (5-methyl- Synthesis of 2- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) phenyl) methanone
Figure BDA0001531559250000232
To a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle were added 2- (5- (benzyloxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) octahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole hydrochloride (0.283g, 0.85mmol) and dichloromethane (15mL) in this order, and then the reaction bottle was placed in a low-temperature constant-temperature reaction bath, the temperature was controlled at 0 ℃ to 5 ℃, and triethylamine (0.5mL,4mmol) was further added, and then a mixture of 5-methyl-2- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) benzoyl chloride (0.198g,0.893mmol) (refer to patent CN 105949203A, example 1, step 4) to step 5)) and dichloromethane (10mL) was slowly added dropwise. After the dropwise addition, the reaction was continued for 2 hours in an ice bath, and then the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 2.5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was evaporated, and then dichloromethane and an aqueous layer were added, the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (3 × 30mL), and the organic layer was washed with water (2 × 100mL) to obtain a pale yellow liquid, which was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated to dryness to obtain the objective compound as a yellow solid by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol (v/v) ═ 40/1) (0.375g, 91.6%).
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:482.30[M+H]+；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.12(s,2H),7.83(d,J＝8.2Hz,1H),7.69(s,2H),7.39–7.28(m,6H), 7.20(s,1H),5.01(s,2H),3.82(ddd,J＝24.1,11.6,7.8Hz,2H),3.63(dd,J＝18.8,11.4Hz,2H),3.49(dd,J＝ 10.6,4.6Hz,1H),3.38(dd,J＝11.0,2.7Hz,2H),3.02–2.91(m,3H),2.39(s,3H)；
13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):168.2,156.6,146.7,145.2,138.5,136.3(s),135.7,133.6,130.6,130.0, 128.7,128.4(d,J＝1.8Hz),127.7,122.1,72.6,51.8,51.0,50.4,49.9,42.2,41.1,21.0；
HPLC:98.58％.
EXAMPLE 5 Synthesis of (2- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) phenyl) (5- (5- (benzyloxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrol-2 (1H) -yl) methanone
Figure BDA0001531559250000241
To a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle were added 2- (5- (benzyloxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) octahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole hydrochloride (0.333g, 1.00mmol) (refer to the synthesis of example 4, step 1) to step 2)) and dichloromethane (15mL) in this order, and then the reaction bottle was placed in a low-temperature constant-temperature reaction bath, the temperature was controlled at 0 ℃ to 5 ℃, triethylamine (0.6mL,4mmol) was added, and then a mixture of 2- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) benzoyl chloride (0.228g, 1.10mmol) (refer to patent CN 105949203A, example 2, step 1) to step 2)) and dichloromethane (10mL) was slowly added dropwise. After the dropwise addition, the reaction was continued for 2 hours in an ice bath, and then the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 15 hours. After completion of the reaction, water was added to separate layers, the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (3 × 30mL), and the organic phase was washed with water (2 × 100mL) to give a pale yellow liquid, which was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and then the solvent was evaporated to dryness to give the objective compound as a pale yellow solid by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (v/v) ═ 2/1) (0.407g, 87.0%).
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:468.30[M+H]+；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.12(s,2H),7.96(d,J＝8.1Hz,1H),7.71(s,2H),7.52–7.48(m,1H), 7.41–7.32(m,7H),5.01(s,2H),3.83(ddd,J＝18.9,11.7,7.7Hz,2H),3.65(ddd,J＝18.5,11.4,5.2Hz,2H), 3.51(dd,J＝11.2,5.0Hz,1H),3.39(dd,J＝11.2,3.5Hz,2H),3.03–2.93(m,3H)；
13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):168.2,156.6,146.7,145.2,136.3,136.0,135.8,130.1,130.0,128.7,128.3 (d,J＝15.5Hz),128.1,127.7,122.2,72.5,51.9,51.0,50.4,49.9,42.3,41.1；
HPLC:98.74％.
Example 65 Synthesis of (5- (benzyloxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrol-2 (1H) -yl) (2-fluoro-6- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) phenyl) methanone
Figure BDA0001531559250000242
To a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle were added 2- (5- (benzyloxy) pyrimidin-2-yl) octahydropyrrolo [3,4-c ] pyrrole hydrochloride (0.333g, 1.00mmol) (refer to the synthesis of example 4, step 1) to step 2)) and dichloromethane (15mL) in this order, and then the reaction bottle was placed in a low-temperature constant-temperature reaction bath, the temperature was controlled at 0 ℃ to 5 ℃, triethylamine (0.6mL,4mmol) was added, and then a mixture of 2-fluoro-6- (2H-1,2, 3-triazol-2-yl) benzoyl chloride (0.248g, 1.10mmol) (refer to patent CN 105949203A, example 3, step 1) to step 2)) and dichloromethane (10mL) was slowly added dropwise. After the dropwise addition, the reaction was continued for 2 hours in an ice bath, and then the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, water was added to separate layers, the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (3 × 30mL), and the organic phase was washed with water (2 × 100mL) to give a pale yellow liquid, which was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and then the solvent was evaporated to dryness to give the objective compound as a pale yellow solid by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (v/v) ═ 2/1) (0.473g, 97.0%).
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:486.30[M+H]+；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.12(s,2H),7.75(d,J＝45.5Hz,3H),7.46(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),7.39(s, 5H),7.13(d,J＝5.5Hz,1H),5.01(s,2H),3.95–3.80(m,2H),3.77–3.5(m,5H),3.24(d,J＝5.7Hz,1H),3.09 –3.01(m,2H)；
HPLC:96.31％.
Biological assay
1EXAMPLE A antagonism of humanized OX receptors by Compounds of the invention
Test method
Evaluation of the Effect of Compounds of the invention on agonist-induced cellular calcium flux Using fluorometric assays to assess the Effect of Compounds of the invention on humanized OX expressed on Chinese hamster ovary Cells (CHO)1Antagonistic ability of the receptor. Cells were suspended in DMEM medium (invitrogen) and then plated at 2X 104The density of cells/wells is distributed in the microwell reaction plate. Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS, Invitrogen) (pH 7.4) containing fluorescent probe (Fluo4NW, Invitrogen), probenecid, and 20mM hydroxyethylpiperazine ethiosulfonic acid (Invitrogen) was added to the microwell reaction plate, followed by incubation with the cells at 37 ℃ for 60min and 22 ℃ for 15 min. The reaction plates were placed in a cytofluorescence workstation (CellLux, PerkinElmer) and the test compounds or reference antagonists orHank balanced salt solution, 5min later 3nM orexin A or Hank balanced salt buffer (blank control) was added and the change in fluorescence intensity was measured, which was positively correlated to the change in intracellular free calcium ion concentration. The results are expressed as percent orexin a inhibition relative to the control group at 3 nM.
The dose-response curve is obtained through the experimental test of a series of concentrations, thereby calculating the IC50The value is obtained.
The experimental results show that the compound of the invention is OX1The receptor shows better antagonism.
2EXAMPLE B antagonism of humanized OX receptors by Compounds of the invention
Test method
Evaluation of the Effect of Compounds of the invention on agonist-induced cellular calcium flux Using fluorometry to detect the Effect of Compounds of the invention on humanized OX expressed on HEK-293 cells2Antagonistic ability of the receptor. Cells were suspended in DMEM medium (invitrogen) and then plated at 3X 104The density of cells/wells is distributed in the microwell reaction plate. Hank's balanced salt buffer (HBSS, Invitrogen) (pH 7.4) containing fluorescent probe (Fluo4NW, Invitrogen), probenecid, and 20mM hydroxyethylpiperazine ethiosulfonic acid was added to the microwell reaction plate, followed by incubation with the cells at 37 ℃ for 60min and 22 ℃ for 15 min. The reaction plates were placed in a cytofluorimetric workstation (CellLux, PerkinElmer) and the test compound or reference antagonist or Hank balanced salt solution was added 5min later with 10nM orexin B or Hank balanced salt buffer (blank control) and the change in fluorescence intensity was measured, which was positively correlated to the change in intracellular free calcium ion concentration. The results are expressed as the percentage inhibition of orexin B at 10nM relative to the control group.
The dose-response curve is obtained through the experimental test of a series of concentrations, thereby calculating the IC50The value is obtained. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Compound pairs OX as provided in the examples of the invention2Results of receptor antagonism experiments
Figure BDA0001531559250000251
The experimental results show that the compound of the invention is OX2The receptor shows better antagonism.
Example C pharmacokinetic evaluation of the Compounds of the invention following intravenous injection or gavage in rats, dogs and monkeys
The present invention evaluates the pharmacokinetic studies of the compounds of the invention in rats, dogs and monkeys, with the animal information detailed in table a.
Table a information sheet of the subject animals of the present invention
Figure BDA0001531559250000261
Test method
The compounds of the invention were administered to the test animals as 5% DMSO + 5% Kolliphor HS 15+ 2% (2% HCl) + 88% Saline solution or 10% DMSO + 10% Kolliphor HS 15+ 80% physiological Saline solution. For the group administered by intravenous injection, the dose was 1mg/kg or 2mg/kg, followed by intravenous blood (0.3mL) at time points of 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 24 hours after administration and centrifugation at 3,000 or 4,000rpm for 10 minutes, and the plasma solution was collected and stored at-20 ℃ or-70 ℃. For the gavage administration group, the dose was 2.5mg/kg or 5mg/kg, and then blood was taken intravenously (0.3mL) at time points of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 24 hours after administration and centrifuged at 3,000 or 4,000rpm for 10 minutes, and the plasma solution was collected and stored at-20 ℃ or-70 ℃. The positive control was suvorexant.
The plasma solutions collected from the above groups were analyzed by LC/MS/MS.
Test results show that the compound has better pharmacokinetic properties in rats, dogs or monkeys.
EXAMPLE D Compounds of the inventionEvaluation of the potential QT-causing prolongation of the interval
Test method
The potential QT interval prolonging effect of the compound is evaluated by detecting whether the compound blocks an hERG channel, and the specific experimental method is as follows:
the precisely weighed compound of the present invention was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to prepare a solution of the highest concentration of 10.0mM, which was then diluted with hERG FP Assay Buffer (Invitrogen) to a solution of 120.0. mu.M initial concentration; the hERG Tracer Red stock (Invitrogen) and the positive control E-4031 stock (Invitrogen) were diluted with hERG FP Assay Buffer (Invitrogen) to initial concentrations of 4.0nM and 120.0. mu.M, respectively. To a 384 well plate, 2.5. mu.L of the initial concentration of the compound of the invention or 2.5. mu.L of the initial concentration of the positive control E-4031 (positive control group) or 2.5. mu.L of the hERG FP Assay Buffer (negative control group), 5. mu.L of hERG Membrane and 2.5. mu.L of the hERG trap Red solution were added to a blank control group, 5. mu.L of the hERG FP Assay Buffer and 5. mu.L of the hERG Membrane were added so that the final Assay concentrations of the compound of the invention, E-4031 and hERG trap Red were 30.0. mu.M, 30.0. mu.M and 1.0nM, respectively, and 4 replicate wells were made for each set. Then, the 384-well plate was incubated in a 25 ℃ shaker (PHMP-4, Grant-sio) at 250rpm for 4 hours, the fluorescence polarization value of each well was measured using a multifunctional microplate reader (PHERAStarFS, BMG LABTECH), and the relative inhibition rate and 50% Inhibition Concentration (IC) of the compound on the hERG channel were calculated50)。
In the case of E-4031 as a positive control, if the relative inhibition of the hERG channel by 30.0. mu.M of the compound of the invention is less than 50%, the IC of the compound of the invention for the hERG channel is determined50Greater than 30.0. mu.M. If the relative inhibition rate of 30.0 μ M of the compound of the present invention to the hERG channel is greater than 50%, a dose curve titration needs to be performed on the compound of the present invention, and the specific method is as follows:
the above-mentioned solution of the compound of the present invention and E-4031 solution at the initial concentration of 120. mu.M were diluted in 5-fold gradient with hERG FP Assay Buffer to 8 concentrations to be tested, 120.0. mu.M, 24.0. mu.M, 4.8. mu.M, 960.0nM, 192.0nM, 38.4nM, 7.7nM and 1.5nM, respectively, per one2 multiple wells were made for each concentration to be measured. To a 384 well plate, 2.5. mu.L of the compound of the present invention at a concentration to be tested or 2.5. mu.L of the positive control E-4031 (positive control group) or 2.5. mu.L of the hERG FP Assay Buffer (negative control group), 5. mu.L of the hERG FP Membrane and 2.5. mu.L of the hERG trap Red solution were added, and to a blank control group, 5. mu.L of the hERG FP Assay Buffer and 5. mu.L of the hERG Membrane were added. Then, the 384-well plate was incubated in a 25 ℃ shaker (PHMP-4, Grant-sio) at 250rpm for 4 hours, the fluorescence polarization value of each well was measured using a multifunctional microplate reader (PHERAStarFS, BMG LABTECH), the maximum and minimum values of the E-4031 fluorescence polarization value were corrected, and the IC of the compound of the present invention was calculated using GraphPad software50。
The experimental results show that the compound has no inhibitory activity on the hERG channel basically, and the compound is low in risk of causing QT interval prolongation.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example" or "some examples" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A compound which is a compound represented by formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound represented by formula (II),
Figure FDA0003442130230000011
wherein:
R1is-CHF2Or phenyl;
and
R3、R4、R5and R6Each independently is H, D, F, Cl, Br, I or C1-6An alkyl group.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R3、R4、R5And R6Each independently is H, D, F, Cl, Br, I or C1-4An alkyl group.
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein R3、R4、R5And R6Each independently is H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl.
4. The compound of claim 1, which is a compound having one of the following structures or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound having one of the following structures,
Figure FDA0003442130230000012
5. a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-4;
the pharmaceutical composition optionally comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, adjuvant, or any combination thereof.
6. Use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 5 in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention, treatment or alleviation of a disease or a disorder associated with the orexin receptor;
wherein the orexin receptor-related disease is sleep disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, affective neuropathy, depressive neuropathy, anxiety neuropathy, panic attack disorder, mood disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, sexual dysfunction, psychosis, dementia, drug dependence, addiction, cognitive disorder, Parkinson's disease, movement disorder, pain, digestive system disease, epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease or immune-related disease.
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