CN109986086A - A kind of preparation method of the high sphericity multicomponent alloy powder for increasing material manufacturing - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the high sphericity multicomponent alloy powder for increasing material manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
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- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
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- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/086—Cooling after atomisation
- B22F2009/0876—Cooling after atomisation by gas
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0896—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid particle transport, separation: process and apparatus
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of high sphericity multicomponent alloy powder for increasing material manufacturing, belong to increases material manufacturing technology field.The feature performance benefit that this method has sphericity high using the alloy powder of the atomization process preparation of the smelting technology and " double-stage nozzle that atomization was crushed+forced cooling " of " multistage cloth ", suitable for the multicomponent alloy powder containing high-melting-point, oxidizable loss element, meet increases material manufacturing technology for the particular/special requirement of powder property.Alloy powder can meet the increases material manufacturing technologies such as laser melting and coating technique and selective laser melting process after grading, promote the development of the fields increases material manufacturing technologies such as coal mine, automobile, aerospace.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of high sphericity multicomponent alloy powder for increasing material manufacturing, belong to increasing material
Manufacturing technology field.
Background technique
Different from traditional vehicle, milling, plane, mill, brill etc. " subtracting material manufacture " technology, " increasing material manufacturing " technology is with computer control
The laser of system is energy source, and dusty material is successively moulded and combined, not only shortens the development cycle, but also reduce
Development cost greatly advance efficiency of research and development.As increases material manufacturing technology reaches its maturity, application range gradually expanded to
More high-end aerospace field.According to analysis shows, traditional technology preparation components the later period machine when will cause
70% or more surplus removal, and increases material manufacturing technology can save 50% or more material removing rate.Therefore, in metallurgy, aviation
The fields such as space flight, increases material manufacturing technology have more extensive development space.Currently, being adapted to coal mine, automobile, aerospace zero
The increases material manufacturing technology of component preparation mainly includes laser melting and coating technique (laser cladding) and precinct laser fusion skill
Art (Selective Laser Melting) etc..
The multicomponent alloy powder of the alloying elements such as Fe, Ni, Cr, Nb, Mo, the Ti to differ greatly containing physical property is answered
Extremely wide with range, Typical Representative product includes FeNiCr powder of stainless steel and GH4169 (Inconel 718) nickel-base high-temperature
Alloy powder, the former use scope is wide and at low cost, and usage amount accounts for about the one third of entire 3D printing alloy powder material,
The latter has excellent corrosion resistance and good heat-resisting and stretching, fatigue, croop property, using added value height.However, by
Contain the alloying element of high-melting-point and oxidizable loss in above two multicomponent alloy powder, alloy powder ingredient is not easily-controllable
System.Meanwhile compared with conventional powder metallurgy, increases material manufacturing technology proposes the sphericity of alloy powder more stringent
It is required that improving drip molding product consistency to ensure increasing material manufacturing process middle berth/powder feeding continuity.Currently, metal powder
Mainstream preparation process be gas atomization, have many advantages, such as that metal powder granularity is controllable, environmental pollution is small, lower production costs,
But the multicomponent alloy powdered ingredients of preparation are not easy to control, the in irregular shape and a large amount of satellite ball particles of carrying.Cause the phenomenon
The main reason for be: in smelt stage, each alloying element physical property differs greatly, and traditional disposable cloth can not coordinate height
Contradiction between the long melting cycle of melting element and the short melting cycle of oxidizable loss element；In atomization step, due to mist
The metal powder cooled and solidified time is longer in change tower, and the non-total condensation powder in part exists under the tension force effect of disorder air-flow to be become
Shape causes in irregular shape；In addition, a small amount of non-total condensation metal powder after mutual collision even mutually defend by bonding, formation
Star particle further reduced metal powder sphericity.Therefore, it adjusts the melting system of multicomponent alloy and accelerates alloy powder
It is atomized cooling velocity, application and preparation is those skilled in the art in the high sphericity GH4169 alloy powder of metal increasing material manufacturing
Thirst for the technical problem solved.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned shortcoming in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of high sphericity for increasing material manufacturing is more
The preparation method of component alloys powder.The powder that preparation method of the present invention obtains has the performance that group metamember is more and sphericity is high
Feature can meet the increases material manufacturing technologies such as laser melting and coating technique, selective laser melting process.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of the high sphericity multicomponent alloy powder for increasing material manufacturing, comprising the following steps:
(1) alloy melting: requiring according to alloying component, by raw material metal and returning charge by the way of " multistage cloth "
Melting is carried out, multicomponent alloy solution is prepared；
(2) powder by atomization: using the gravitional force of multicomponent alloy solution, the molten metal for forming it into continuous-stable is flowed into
Enter in atomisation tower, so that it is broken into fine drop using high pressure, high velocity inert gas shock liquid metal liquid stream；To improve multiple groups
First alloy powder sphericity forces cooling air-flow being atomized to introduce below broken focus, formed " gas atomization is broken+and gas is strong
Refrigeration is but " unique flow field structure, so that multicomponent alloy solution successively undergo the broken focus of atomization and force cooling focus, not
It influences broken obtain in turn of metal liquid stream atomization to be suitble on the basis of powder size, metal powder cooled and solidified speed can be greatly improved
Degree, alleviates the deformation and collision of non-total condensation powder, and then prepares micron-sized high sphericity multicomponent alloy powder；
(3) grading grading: is carried out to the multicomponent alloy powder of atomization preparation.
The present invention creatively proposes the smelting technology of " multistage cloth " and " atomization is crushed+forces the two-stage of cooling
The atomization process of nozzle ", this technique are the core places of technical solution of the present invention.Pass through this technique, multicomponent alloy
Solution composition is accurately controlled, meanwhile, alloy liquid droplet successively will be crushed focus and the cooling focus of pressure by being atomized in atomisation tower,
On the basis of not influencing powder size, metal powder cooled and solidified speed greatly improved, alleviate non-total condensation powder
Deformation and collision, to ensure that the sphericity of multicomponent alloy powder meets the requirement of increasing material manufacturing.
In some specific embodiments, multicomponent alloy powder contains the objects such as Fe, Ni, Cr, Nb, Mo, Ti in step (1)
The alloying element that rationality can differ greatly, in which: Nb, Mo element fusing point are higher, the oxidizable loss of Ti element, multicomponent alloy powder
The Typical Representative at end includes: FeNiCr powder of stainless steel and GH4169 (Inconel 718) Ni-base Superalloy Powder；FeNiCr
The Typical mass ratio ingredient of powder of stainless steel are as follows: Ni:1~4%, Cr:15~17%, Nb :≤2%, Mo :≤1%, Ti :≤
1%, B :≤2%, Si :≤1%, C :≤0.2%, Fe: surplus；GH4169 (Inconel 718) Ni-base Superalloy Powder
Typical mass ratio ingredient are as follows: Ni:50~55%, Cr:17~21%, Nb:4.75~5.5%, Mo:2.8~3.3%, Ti:
0.65~1.15%, Al:0.2~0.8%, Co :≤1%, Fe: surplus.
In some specific embodiments, by pivot cellulosic material and higher melting-point alloying element material in step (1)
The melting of level-one cloth is carried out, non-master element material is subjected to the melting of second level cloth, oxidizable loss element material is subjected to three-level
Cloth melting, to accelerate refractory element material to melt and inhibit oxidizable loss element material slagging；If not pivot cellulosic material
Performance difference it is larger, " the multistage cloth " of level Four and the above level can be carried out.
In some specific embodiments, " atomization broken+force cooling double-stage nozzle " described in step (2), be
Tradition is atomized below broken nozzle, and further design, which installs additional, forces cooling nozzles, formed " gas atomization is broken+gas force it is cold
But unique flow field structure ".
In some specific embodiments, atomization cracking pressure is 0.5~4.0MPa in step (2).
It is 0.01~2.0MPa that cooling pressure is forced in some specific embodiments, in step (2).
In some specific embodiments, after step (3) grading, the multicomponent that partial size is 53~150 μm is closed
Bronze end is used for laser melting and coating technique；The multicomponent alloy powder that partial size is 10~53 μm is used for selective laser melting process,
The alloy powder of remaining partial size is for other increases material manufacturing technologies or is used as returning charge return step (1) re-using.
In some specific embodiments, sphericity >=90% of the GH4169 alloy powder.
In conclusion compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1, the present invention using the smelting technology of " multistage cloth " be suitable for preparing the Fe to differ greatly containing physical property,
The multicomponent alloy powder of the alloying elements such as Ni, Cr, Nb, Mo, Ti.
2, the multicomponent alloy powder that the present invention uses the atomization process of " atomization is crushed the+cooling double-stage nozzle of pressure " to prepare
End has the technological merit of sphericity >=90%, meets increases material manufacturing technology for the particular/special requirement of powder property, by increasing material
The drip molding article construction densification of manufacturing technology preparation, good mechanical performance.
3, multicomponent alloy powder prepared by the present invention passes through sieve classification, can meet laser melting coating, precinct laser fusion
The increases material manufacturing technologies such as technology realize alloy powder wholegrain degree application, reduce production cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the atomization process schematic diagram of " double-stage nozzle that atomization was crushed+forced cooling ".Appended drawing reference: 1- high temperature closes
Golden melt, 2- are atomized broken nozzle, and 3- forces cooling nozzles, and 4- is atomized broken focus, 5- fine drop, and 6- forces cooling burnt
Point, 7- condense powder.
Fig. 2 is the shape appearance figure of the FeNiCr stainless steel alloy powder of coarse grain diameter.
Fig. 3 is the shape appearance figure of GH4169 (Inconel 718) Ni-base Superalloy Powder of fine grain.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
The embodiment of invention, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of the high sphericity multicomponent FeNiCr stainless steel alloy powder for laser melting and coating technique, packet
Include following steps:
(1) alloy melting: the raw material such as metallic iron, nickel, chromium, niobium and returning charge are carried out by the way of " multistage cloth "
Melting prepares FeNiCr stainless steel alloy solution, alloying component ratio are as follows: Ni:3%, Cr:16%, Nb:1%, Mo:0.5%,
Ti:0.5%, B:1%, Si:0.8%, C :≤0.2%, Fe: surplus；Wherein, the alloying elements material such as Fe, Nb, Mo is carried out one
Grade cloth melting, the alloying elements material such as Cr, Ni carry out the melting of second level cloth, and the alloying elements material such as Ti, B carries out three-level cloth
Melting.
(2) powder by atomization: using the gravitional force of FeNiCr stainless steel alloy solution, the metal of continuous-stable is formed it into
Liquid stream enters in atomisation tower, so that it is broken into fine drop using high pressure, high velocity inert gas shock liquid metal liquid stream, atomization
Cracking pressure is 2.5MPa；Cooling air-flow is forced being atomized to introduce below broken focus, pressure cooling pressure is 0.2MPa, atomization
The cooling inert gas of broken and pressure is high-purity argon gas；It is tied in unique flow field of " gas atomization is crushed+gas pressure cooling "
Under structure effect, micron-sized high sphericity FeNiCr stainless steel alloy powder is prepared." atomization is crushed+forces the two-stage of cooling
The atomization process schematic diagram of nozzle " is as shown in Figure 1.
(3) grading: grading is carried out to the FeNiCr stainless steel alloy powder of atomization preparation, choosing partial size is 53
~150 μm of FeNiCr stainless steel alloy powder, alloy powder sphericity are promoted to 96% by the 80% of conventional preparation techniques, such as
Shown in Fig. 2, meet laser melting and coating technique for the particular/special requirement of powder property.
(4) laser melting coating: laser melting coating is carried out using the FeNiCr stainless steel alloy powder that aforesaid way obtains, preparation is thick
Coating product of the degree for 2mm, laser cladding technological parameter are as follows: laser power: 3000W, scanning speed: 6mm/s, powder feeding rate:
15g/min, overlapping rate: 50%, under the conditions of without preheating, slow cooling, the coating surface flawless of acquisition, without sand holes, coating hardness
HRC is 51, Neutral Salt Spray Corrosion performance >=500 hour, shows FeNiCr stainless steel alloy powder prepared by the present invention by swashing
The coated article of light melting and coating technique preparation is had excellent performance.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high sphericity multicomponent GH4169 (Inconel 718) nickel-base high-temperature conjunction for selective laser melting process
The preparation method at bronze end, includes the following steps:
(1) alloy melting: the raw material such as metallic iron, nickel, chromium, niobium and returning charge are carried out by the way of " multistage cloth "
Melting prepares GH4169 (Inconel 718) nickel base superalloy solution, alloying component ratio are as follows: Ni:52%, Cr:18%,
Fe:20%, Nb:5.3%, Mo:3.2%, Al:0.6%, Ti:0.8%, Co:0.5%；Wherein, by the alloys such as Ni, Nb, Mo member
Cellulosic material carries out the melting of level-one cloth, and the alloying elements material such as Fe, Cr, Co carries out the melting of second level cloth, the alloying elements such as Ti, Al
Material carries out the melting of three-level cloth.
(2) powder by atomization: the gravitional force of GH4169 (Inconel 718) nickel base superalloy solution is utilized, its shape is made
Enter in atomisation tower at the molten metal stream of continuous-stable, keeps it broken using high pressure, high velocity inert gas shock liquid metal liquid stream
It is broken into fine drop, atomization cracking pressure is 3.2MPa；Cooling air-flow is forced being atomized to introduce below broken focus, forces cooling
Pressure is 0.8MPa, and atomization is broken and the cooling inert gas of pressure is high-purity argon gas；" gas atomization is broken+and gas forces
Under unique flow field structure effect of cooling ", micron-sized high sphericity GH4169 alloy powder is prepared." atomization is crushed+forces
The atomization process schematic diagram of cooling double-stage nozzle " is as shown in Figure 1.
(3) granularity point grading: is carried out to GH4169 (Inconel 718) Ni-base Superalloy Powder of atomization preparation
Grade chooses GH4169 (Inconel 718) Ni-base Superalloy Powder that partial size is 10~45 μm, and alloy powder sphericity is by passing
The 78% of system preparation process is promoted to 93%, and the special of powder property is wanted as shown in figure 3, meeting selective laser melting process
It asks.
(4) precinct laser fusion: GH4169 (Inconel 718) Ni-base Superalloy Powder obtained using aforesaid way
Precinct laser fusion is carried out, prepares standard Mechanics Performance Testing part, precinct laser fusion technological parameter are as follows: laser power: 300W,
Scanning speed: 1000mm/s, sweep span: 80 μm, powdering thickness: 30 μm, the molded article compact structure of acquisition, without microcosmic hole
Hole, tensile strength 1435MPa, yield strength 1135MPa, elongation after fracture 12.5% show prepared by the present invention
GH4169 (Inconel 718) Ni-base Superalloy Powder is excellent by molded article performance prepared by selective laser melting process
It is different.
To sum up, the feature performance benefit that the multicomponent alloy powder of preparation of the embodiment of the present invention has sphericity high, can expire
The increases material manufacturing technologies such as sufficient laser melting and coating technique, selective laser melting process realize the degree application of alloy powder wholegrain, promote coal
The development of the fields such as mine, automobile, aerospace increases material manufacturing technology.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Within the technical scope of the present disclosure, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Subject to enclosing.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of the high sphericity multicomponent alloy powder for increasing material manufacturing, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
(1) alloy melting: requiring according to alloying component, is carried out raw material metal and returning charge by the way of " multistage cloth "
Melting prepares multicomponent alloy solution；
(2) powder by atomization: using the gravitional force of multicomponent alloy solution, the molten metal stream for forming it into continuous-stable enters mist
Change in tower, so that it is broken into fine drop using high pressure, high velocity inert gas shock liquid metal liquid stream；It is being atomized broken focus
Lower section, which introduces, forces cooling air-flow, forms unique flow field structure of " gas atomization is crushed+gas pressure cooling "；
(3) grading grading: is carried out to the multicomponent alloy powder of atomization preparation.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1) multicomponent alloy powder contain simultaneously Fe,
Ni, Cr, Nb, Mo, Ti element.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein by pivot cellulosic material and higher melting-point in step (1)
Alloying element material carries out the melting of level-one cloth, non-master element material is carried out the melting of second level cloth, by oxidizable loss element
Material carries out the melting of three-level cloth；If not the performance difference of pivot cellulosic material is larger, " the multistage cloth of level Four and the above level is carried out
Material ".
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein " be atomized broken+pressure cooling " described in step (2) is only
Special flow field structure is to be atomized to install additional below broken nozzle in tradition to force cooling nozzles, formed " gas atomization is broken+and gas is strong
Refrigeration but " unique flow field structure.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein atomization cracking pressure is 0.5~4.0MPa in step (2).
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein forcing cooling pressure in step (2) is 0.01~2.0MPa.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein being 53~150 μ by partial size after step (3) grading
The multicomponent alloy powder of m is used for laser melting and coating technique；The multicomponent alloy powder that partial size is 10~53 μm is used to constituency to swash
The alloy powder of light smelting technology, remaining partial size for other increases material manufacturing technologies or is used as returning charge return step (1) benefit again
With.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein sphericity >=90% of the multicomponent alloy powder.
9. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, multicomponent alloy powder be FeNiCr powder of stainless steel or
GH4169 Ni-base Superalloy Powder；The mass ratio ingredient of FeNiCr powder of stainless steel are as follows: Ni:1~4%, Cr:15~
17%, Nb :≤2%, Mo :≤1%, Ti :≤1%, B :≤2%, Si :≤1%, C :≤0.2%, Fe: surplus；GH4169 is Ni-based
The mass ratio ingredient of superalloy powder are as follows: Ni:50~55%, Cr:17~21%, Nb:4.75~5.5%, Mo:2.8~
3.3%, Ti:0.65~1.15%, Al:0.2~0.8%, Co :≤1%, Fe: surplus.
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| CN201910175797.1A CN109986086A (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | A kind of preparation method of the high sphericity multicomponent alloy powder for increasing material manufacturing |
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