CN109984131A - 一种含几丁聚糖与多效唑的组合物及应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于植物生长调节剂领域，涉及一种含几丁聚糖和多效唑的农用组合物，几丁聚糖的相对分子质量为0.5万道尔顿～2万道尔顿，组合物中几丁聚糖和多效唑的质量份数比为1:60‑10:1，组合物中还含有酸性物质，酸性物质用量占组合物的总质量为1‑10％，组合物以50‑800ppm喷雾应用对芒果、荔枝、龙眼、苹果等作物有明显的催花效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物生长调节剂领域，涉及一种含几丁聚糖与多效唑的组合物及其对作物催花的用途。
背景技术
据估计，自然界中生成的几丁质(甲壳质、甲壳素、壳多糖)是仅次于纤维素的储量最大的生物多聚体，而它又具有比纤维索更加丰富的功能性质，它广泛存在于真菌细胞壁、线虫微纤维鞘、节肢动物外骨架及许多昆虫肠道内壁中。1811年，法国的科学家从蘑菇中提取到了一种类似纤维素的物质，并将其命名为几丁质，后来将几丁质放于NaOH中加热后，得到了一种新物质几丁聚糖。几丁聚糖(chitosan)，化学名称(1，4)-2-氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-葡聚糖，是几丁质经浓碱水脱去乙酰基后生成的水溶性产物，分子量通常在5000以上。由于几丁质比较差的溶解性，限制了它的应用，而几丁聚糖则不一样，不仅溶解性增强，而且无毒、且具有良好的生物相容性，易降解，所以应用范围更广。
多效唑，能提高植株内叶绿素、蛋白质、核酸的含量，提高光合速率，提高过氧化物酶及硝酸还原酶的活力，提高植株碳、氮的代谢，增强植株对水、肥的吸收，调节植株体内水分的平衡。生理表现为促进细胞分裂和伸长，加速生长点的生长、分化，促进种子发芽、促进分蘖和分枝、促进根系发育和花芽分化，延缓植株衰老，提早现蕾开花，提高坐果率，促进作物早熟，提高作物产量、改善作物品质。多效唑是一种高活性的植物生长调节剂，对植物的抑制活性比矮壮素高，化学性质稳定，土壤残留会对下茬敏感作物造成药害。
催花是作物栽培管理过程的一个重要环节，一般有物理催花和化学催花两种方法，化学催花一般为激素类产品，如多效唑、乙烯利等，但激素类产品长期使用会暴露出很多弊端：1、残留时间长，不易分解；2、根系腐烂严重，抑制新根生长；3、新梢抽发较慢；4、影响开花，花不够长，短而密，易染病害。以上情况严重影响作物产量和品质，降低农户经济收益。
本发明以脱乙酰度高于80％的几丁聚糖为原料，溶胀后经专一性酶水解、控制反应终点、水解液浓缩、冷冻干燥等过程制备出特定分子量的水溶性几丁聚糖。发明人进行了大量的前述几丁聚糖与多效唑的组合物的研究，发现了一种含几丁聚糖和多效唑的增效的对作物催花有意想不到效果的组合物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种增效的、对作物有特殊催花效果的含几丁聚糖和多效唑的组合物。
本发明提供一种含几丁聚糖和多效唑的农用组合物，其特征在于，几丁聚糖的相对分子质量为0.5万道尔顿～2万道尔顿，组合物中几丁聚糖和多效唑的质量份数比为1:60-10:1，本发明的组合物中还含有酸性物质，酸性物质为柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、醋酸、甲酸中的一种或几种，用量占组合物的总质量为1-10％。
本发明的上述组合物，几丁聚糖和多效唑的质量总和占组合物的总质量为5-60％，优选的，几丁聚糖和多效唑的质量总和占组合物的总质量为10-40％。
本发明上述组合物可制成悬浮剂、水剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂。
本发明还提供了上述组合物对作物催花的用途，其特征在于，组合物促使作物提前开花。
本发明的用途，其特征在于，作物是指芒果、荔枝、龙眼、苹果、桃、杏、猕猴桃、柑桔、梨、葡萄、樱桃、番茄、辣椒和茄子。优选的，作物为芒果、荔枝、龙眼。
本发明的上述组合物的用途，其特征在于将组合物以50-800ppm对作物植株的整株或部位进行喷雾或浸渍应用，优选的，该组合物以200-500ppm喷雾应用。
发明的组合物与现有技术相比，产生以下有益效果：
(1)本发明的组合物质量稳定。
(2)组合物对作物的提前开花有明显作用。
具体实施例
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明决不限于下述实施例。选择相对分子质量不同范围区间的几丁聚糖(0.5万道尔顿～2万道尔顿时、3万道尔顿～10万道尔顿、10万以上道尔顿)，经预试验发现，几丁聚糖的相对分子质量为0.5万道尔顿～2万道尔顿时，几丁聚糖与多效唑组合物的催花效果较好。以下实施例中，进一步测试了相对分子质量为0.5万道尔顿～2万道尔顿的几丁聚糖与多效唑的组合物对优选作物芒果、荔枝、龙眼的催花效果，而对发明内容中提到的其它作物的催花效果次之。
实施例1几丁聚糖与多效唑最佳配比的选择
配制几丁聚糖与多效唑的不同配比的5％悬浮剂(含1％乳酸、10％乳化剂1601)，测试对芒果催花的影响。以5％多效唑悬浮剂及5％几丁聚糖悬浮剂为对照药剂，在10月底对6年期芒果植株进行叶面喷雾处理，每处理喷雾3株。10天后再喷雾一次，第1次施药2个月后注意观察花穗的抽出情况，当发现空白开始出现花穗后2天进行试验结果统计。结果见表1。
表1不同配比的几丁聚糖与多效唑的悬浮剂组合物对芒果催花的效果
从表1可知，几丁聚糖与多效唑的不同配比以有效浓度200ppm进行叶面喷雾2次，发现不同配比的几丁聚糖与多效唑的悬浮剂处理的催化率及平均花穗长度均好于氨基寡糖素组合物、药剂单剂及空白对照，即含几丁聚糖与多效唑的组合物处理催花效果明显较好；当几丁聚糖与多效唑的有效配比为1:39—1:9时，组合物对芒果催花的效果最明显。
实施例2几丁聚糖与多效唑对荔枝催花的效果
配制不同配比的含几丁聚糖与多效唑的悬浮剂(含1％乳酸、10％乳化剂1601)，测试对荔枝催花的效果。以设氨基寡糖素与多效唑的组合物、25％多效唑悬浮剂及25％几丁聚糖悬浮剂为对照药剂，在1月底对荔枝枝条进行叶面喷雾处理，每处理喷雾3株。10天后再喷雾一次，第1次施药1个月后注意观察花穗的抽出情况，当发现空白开始出现花穗后3天进行试验结果统计。结果见表2。
表2含几丁聚糖与多效唑的不同配比的悬浮剂对荔枝催花的效果
从表2可知，几丁聚糖与多效唑的有效配比为1:24时，以有效浓度300ppm进行叶面喷雾2次，发现含几丁聚糖与多效唑的组合物处理的植株出花穗率最高，催花效果明显好于其它药剂及空白对照。
另外，以上述相同的药剂测试了对龙眼果树的催花效果，发现，当几丁聚糖与多效唑的有效配比为1:24时，以有效浓度300ppm进行叶面喷雾2次，发现几丁聚糖与多效唑的处理的催花效果明显也好于其它药剂及空白对照。
Claims (9)
1.一种含几丁聚糖和多效唑的农用组合物，其特征在于，几丁聚糖的相对分子质量为0.5万道尔顿～2万道尔顿，组合物中几丁聚糖和多效唑的质量份数比为1:60-10:1，组合物中还含有酸性物质，酸性物质为柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、醋酸、甲酸中的一种或几种，用量占组合物的总质量为1-10％。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物，其特征在于，几丁聚糖和多效唑的质量总和占组合物的总质量为5-60％。
3.根据权利要求2的组合物，其特征在于，几丁聚糖和多效唑的质量总和占组合物的总质量为10-40％。
4.根据权利要求3的组合物，其特征在于，组合物制成悬浮剂、水剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂。
5.权利要求1-4的任一项组合物对作物催花的用途，其特征在于，组合物促使作物提前开花。
6.根据权利要求5的用途，其特征在于作物是指芒果、荔枝、龙眼、苹果、桃、杏、猕猴桃、柑桔、梨、葡萄、樱桃、番茄、辣椒和茄子。
7.根据权利要求6的用途，其特征在于，作物为芒果、荔枝、龙眼。
8.根据权利要求5的用途，其特征在于，将组合物以50-800ppm对作物植株的整株或部位进行喷雾或浸渍应用。
9.根据权利要求8的用途，其特征在于，该组合物以200-500ppm喷雾应用。
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