CN109978859B - Image display adaptation quality evaluation method based on visible distortion pooling - Google Patents
Image display adaptation quality evaluation method based on visible distortion pooling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an image display adaptation quality evaluation method based on visible distortion pooling. The method comprises the following steps: s1: reading an original image, and generating a saliency map S by using a salient object detection algorithm; s2: establishing a pixel level mapping relation between an original image and a display adaptive image by using an image registration method; s3: calculating a block-level fidelity F of the image using the pixel-level mapping relationship; s4: and using the visible distortion pooling strategy pooling saliency map S and image fidelity F to calculate and display the overall objective evaluation quality Q of the adaptive image. The invention can effectively simulate and display the human eye evaluation mechanism in the adaptive image objective quality evaluation, solves the defect of the importance degree weighting pooling strategy in comparison among groups, is beneficial to improving the consistency between the evaluation score and the subjective score of the objective evaluation method, and can be applied to the field of objective quality evaluation for displaying adaptive images and other application fields needing to adopt the pooling strategy to combine with local information to evaluate the overall quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of image and video processing and computer vision, in particular to an image display adaptation quality evaluation method based on visible distortion pooling.
Background
In recent years, researchers have proposed many image display adaptation methods to operate on the content of an image to adapt to various target display screens having different sizes and aspect ratios. However, at present, there is no image display adaptation method that can be well adapted to various application scenarios and generate satisfactory display adaptation images. There are many factors that restrict the further development of the image display adaptation method, and one important factor is that there is still no image display adaptation quality assessment (IRQA) method that is consistent with human subjective perception. Most image display adaptation methods tend to employ small scale subjective tests on the data set to verify the effectiveness of the method. Although the results of subjective testing can intuitively illustrate how good a displayed adapted image is in visual quality, subjective testing methods are often non-automated, have specific requirements on the quality of the tester, and are not efficient in dealing with large-scale data. Therefore, it is important to develop an objective and effective IRQA method to promote further development of image display adaptation methods.
Early IRQA metrics such as bilateral similarity (BDS), color placement (CL), and land mobile distance (EMD) evaluated the objective quality of display-adapted images by simply calculating image distance or converting the display-adapted image and a reference image into feature descriptors with the same dimensions. However, these methods do not take into account differences in sensitivity of human subjective evaluation to content deformation of different images, and thus objective evaluation results have low consistency with human subjective perception.
In recent years, researchers at home and abroad propose a plurality of solutions to the difficulties of IRQA. Liu et al uses global structural similarity and local correspondences to evaluate the display adaptation image. They first extract global geometry through a traversal from coarse scale to fine scale and build local pixel correspondences in a top-down manner. Secondly, an importance map is generated by combining low-level significance information and high-level face information. Finally, based on the correspondence, a visual quality of the display adapted image is evaluated using an importance weighted similarity measure. Fang et al established dense correspondences between images using SIFT-Flow and computed Structural Similarity (SSIM) maps of different scales to measure and display structural information retained in the adapted images. They generate visual importance maps in conjunction with bottom-up and top-down image saliency information, and then evaluate the overall visual quality of the display-adapted images by computing importance-weighted SSIM maps. Zhang et al proposed a SIFT-Flow based backward registration algorithm to model the geometric changes experienced by the original image during display adaptation. The visual quality of the display adapted image is then evaluated by calculating an importance weighted Aspect Ratio Similarity (ARS) metric. These methods all require the integration of a visual attention model, and the pooling method is used to pool the overall visual quality according to the local image quality. However, the similarity measure for measuring local quality is still insufficient, and the common Importance Weighted Pooling (IWP) strategy is also prone to the problem of changing the importance rule in comparison among groups, so the consistency between the objective evaluation result and the subjective score is still not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides an image display adaptive quality assessment method based on pooling of visible distortions, which is helpful for improving the consistency between objective quality assessment results and subjective perception, and has an obvious optimization effect.
The invention is realized by adopting the following scheme: an image display adaptation quality assessment method based on visible distortion pooling comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring and reading an original image, and generating a saliency map S by using a salient object detection algorithm;
step S2: acquiring a display adaptive image, and establishing a pixel-level mapping relation between the original image and the display adaptive image by using an image registration method based on SIFT-Flow;
step S3: averagely dividing the original image into a plurality of local blocks; averagely dividing the display adaptive image into a plurality of local blocks corresponding to an original image;
step S4: calculating the block-level fidelity F of the display adapted image by using the pixel-level mapping relation obtained in the step S2 to obtain the image fidelity F of the display adapted image relative to the original image;
step S5: pooling said saliency map S and said image fidelity F using a visible distortion pooling strategy and calculating an overall objective assessment quality Q of said display adapted imageNBP。
Further, the step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
establishing a pixel-level mapping relationship between the original image and the display-adapted image by using an SIFT-Flow-based image registration method, wherein an SIFT-Flow vector field from the display-adapted image to the original image can be calculated by solving the following energy minimization problem:
wherein, IoAnd IrRespectively representing an original image and a display adapted image; p is a radical ofrRepresenting a pixel coordinate in the display adapted image; q. q ofrIs prOne adjacent pixel coordinate of (a); epsilon represents a four-connected neighborhood set; w (p)r)=(u(pr),v(pr) ) represents prSIFT-Flow displacement vector of (2); u and v represent the horizontal and vertical components of the SIFT-Flow displacement vector, respectively; d is a threshold value, with a default value of 40; α is a weighting factor for the second term and has a default value of 2.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
step S41: calculating the aspect ratio similarity of the corresponding local blocks between the original image and the display adaptive image by using the pixel-level mapping relation, thereby calculating the geometric distortion of the local blocks, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein k represents the index sequence number of the local block in the original image; the ratio of variation of the width and height of the local block is rw(k)=w*(k) N and rh(k)=h*(k)/N;w*(k) And h*(k) Width and height, respectively, of local blocks of the reconstructed display-adapted image, obtained by calculating the maximum horizontal and vertical distances between pixels in the local blocks; when the variation ratio of width and height is the same, the local block equivalent to the original image is scaled in equal proportion, and the AR measure reaches the maximum value, i.e. SAR=1;
Step S42: the area similarity of the corresponding local blocks is calculated by utilizing the pixel-level mapping relation, so that the information loss of the local blocks is measured, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein r isa(k)=a*(k)/N2Is the area change ratio of the kth local block; η is a positive number, with a default value of 0.3, used to balance the geometric distortion and the weight of information loss in the image fidelity measure;
step S43: and calculating the image fidelity of the local block displaying the adaptive image by using the aspect ratio similarity and the area similarity, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
F(k)=SAR(k)·SA(k)。
further, the step S5 specifically includes the following steps:
step S51: defining distortion visibility of each local block according to the average value of each local block in the saliency map S, and calculating the objective quality score of each block according to the fidelity and the distortion visibility of the block:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,an average saliency value representing the kth local block of the saliency map S; if image fidelity F (k) is normalized to [0,1 ]]Then the mass range of the kth local block isTherefore, whenThe mass range of the corresponding local block is [0,1 ]](ii) a And following withThe quality base of each local block is continuously changedLarge, the range is continuously reduced;
step S52: finally, obtaining an objective quality score of the whole display adaptive image by calculating the average value of the quality scores of all the local blocks; calculating the objective quality score of each local block according to the fidelity and distortion visibility of the block:
wherein Q isNBPRepresenting the objective quality score calculated by the visible distortion pooling strategy, and M representing the number of local blocks in the original image.
Further, in step S51, the defining the distortion visibility of each local block according to the average value of each local block in the saliency map S specifically includes: defining a mass range with small cardinality and large interval for local blocks with high significance; meanwhile, a quality range with large base number and small interval is defined for the local blocks with low significance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method is suitable for objective quality evaluation of display adaptive images, is beneficial to improving the consistency of objective quality evaluation results and subjective perception, and has obvious optimization effect.
(2) The method can be well suitable for display adaptive image quality evaluation, enables objective evaluation results and human subjective scores to keep better consistency, and can be used in the fields of display adaptive image quality evaluation, image display adaptive method optimization and the like.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an implementation of the overall method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained by the following embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides an image display adaptation quality assessment method based on visible distortion pooling, which includes the following steps:
step S1: acquiring and reading an original image, and generating a saliency map S by using a salient object detection algorithm;
step S2: acquiring a display adaptive image, and establishing a pixel-level mapping relation between the original image and the display adaptive image by using an image registration method based on SIFT-Flow;
step S3: averagely dividing the original image into a plurality of local blocks; averagely dividing the display adaptive image into a plurality of local blocks corresponding to an original image; (in this embodiment, the display adaptive image is completely divided into partial blocks of the same size, for example, 9 × 9 image, and the average is divided into 9 3 × 3 image blocks of the same size)
Step S4: calculating the aspect ratio and the area similarity of the corresponding local block by using the pixel-level mapping relation obtained in the step S2 to obtain block-level fidelity F;
step S5: pooling said saliency map S and said image fidelity F using a visible distortion pooling strategy and calculating an overall objective assessment quality Q of a display adapted imageNBP。
In this embodiment, the step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
establishing a pixel-level mapping relationship between the original image and a display adaptive image by using an SIFT-Flow-based image registration method, wherein an SIFT-Flow vector field from the display adaptive image to the original image can be calculated by solving the following energy minimization problem:
wherein, IoAnd IrRespectively representing an original image and a display adapted image; p is a radical ofrRepresenting a pixel coordinate in the display adapted image; q. q.srIs prOne adjacent pixel coordinate of (a); epsilon represents a four-connected neighborhood set; w (p)r)=(u(pr),v(pr) ) represents prSIFT-Flow displacement vector of (1); u and v represent SI, respectivelyHorizontal and vertical components of the FT-Flow displacement vector; d is a threshold value, with a default value of 40; α is the weighting factor for the second term and has a default value of 2.
In this embodiment, the step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
step S41: calculating the aspect ratio similarity of corresponding local blocks between the original image and the display adaptive image by using the pixel-level mapping relation, thereby calculating the geometric distortion of the local blocks, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein k represents the index sequence number of the local block in the original image; the ratio of variation of the width and height of the local block is rw(k)=w*(k) N and rh(k)=h*(k)/N;w*(k) And h*(k) Width and height, respectively, of local blocks of the reconstructed display-adapted image, obtained by calculating the maximum horizontal and vertical distances between pixels in the local blocks; when the variation ratio of width and height is the same, the local block equivalent to the original image is scaled in equal proportion, and the AR measure reaches the maximum value, i.e. SAR=1;
Step S42: the area similarity of the corresponding local blocks is calculated by utilizing the pixel-level mapping relation, so that the information loss of the local blocks is measured, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein r isa(k)=a*(k)/N2Is the area change ratio of the kth local block; η is a positive number, with a default value of 0.3, used to balance the geometric distortion and the weight of information loss in the image fidelity measure;
step S43: and calculating the image fidelity of the local block displaying the adaptive image by using the aspect ratio similarity and the area similarity, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
F(k)=SAR(k)·SA(k)。
in this embodiment, the step S5 specifically includes the following steps:
step S51: defining the local blocks according to the mean value of each local block in the significance map S
Distortion visibility of partial blocks, the blocks being calculated from fidelity and distortion visibility of each block
Objective mass fraction:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,an average saliency value representing the kth local block of the saliency map S; if image fidelity F (k) is normalized to [0,1 ]]Then the mass range of the kth local block isTherefore, whenThe mass range of the corresponding local block is [0,1 ]](ii) a And following withThe quality base number of each local block is continuously increased, and the range is continuously reduced;
step S52: finally, obtaining an objective quality score of the whole display adaptive image by calculating the average value of the quality scores of all the local blocks; calculating the objective quality score of each block according to the fidelity and distortion visibility of the block:
wherein Q isNBPRepresenting the objective quality score calculated by the visible distortion pooling strategy, M representing the original graphNumber of local blocks in the image.
In this embodiment, the defining the distortion visibility of each local block according to the average value of each local block in the saliency map S in step S51 specifically includes: a local block with high significance is defined with a small base number and a large quality range of an interval, so that the influence of significant image content on the overall quality of a display adaptive image is emphasized. Meanwhile, a mass range with large base number and small interval is defined for local blocks with low significance, so that insensitivity of a human visual system to distortion of insignificant contents is simulated.
In particular, the display-adapted image in the present embodiment is a distorted image obtained by modifying the image size, such as stretching and compression deformation, distortion similar to common blur, noise, and the like, and also belongs to a type of distorted image. In the present embodiment, the display-adapted image is acquired from the MIT ratebedme and CUHK data sets.
Preferably, the embodiment introduces an aspect ratio and an area similarity measure local quality in the display adaptive image quality evaluation, and pools the local quality and the saliency map by using a visible distortion pooling strategy to obtain the overall objective quality of the image. The local quality of the image is measured by adopting a method of combining the aspect ratio similarity and the area similarity, a new visible distortion pooling method is provided, and the human eye evaluation mechanism in the image quality evaluation can be better simulated and displayed while the local distortion is fully calculated. The method is suitable for a display adaptive image quality evaluation method, is beneficial to improving the consistency of objective quality evaluation results and subjective perception, and has an obvious optimization effect.
In particular, the present embodiment adequately measures the degree of distortion of the local image by calculating the aspect ratio and the area similarity. Second, a visible distortion pooling strategy is designed to pool the local image fidelity and saliency maps to compute the overall objective quality of the display-adapted image. The method can be well suitable for display adaptive image quality evaluation, enables objective evaluation results and human subjective scores to keep better consistency, and can be used in the fields of display adaptive image quality evaluation, image display adaptive method optimization and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An image display adaptation quality assessment method based on visual distortion pooling is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring and reading an original image, and generating a saliency map S by using a salient object detection algorithm;
step S2: acquiring a display adaptive image, and establishing a pixel-level mapping relation between the original image and the display adaptive image by using an image registration method based on SIFT-Flow;
step S3: averagely dividing the original image into a plurality of local blocks; averagely dividing the display adaptive image into a plurality of local blocks corresponding to an original image;
step S4: calculating the block-level fidelity F of the display adapted image by using the pixel-level mapping relation obtained in the step S2 to obtain the image fidelity F of the display adapted image relative to the original image;
step S5: pooling said saliency map S and said image fidelity F using a visible distortion pooling strategy and calculating an overall objective assessment quality Q of said display adapted imageNBP;
The step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
establishing a pixel-level mapping relationship between the original image and the display-adapted image by using an SIFT-Flow-based image registration method, wherein an SIFT-Flow vector field from the display-adapted image to the original image can be calculated by solving the following energy minimization problem:
wherein, IoAnd IrRespectively representing an original image and a display adapted image; p is a radical of formularRepresenting an image in a display adapted imageA pixel coordinate; q. q.srIs prOne adjacent pixel coordinate of (a); epsilon represents a four-connected neighborhood set; w (p)r)=(u(pr),v(pr) ) represents prSIFT-Flow displacement vector of (1); u and v represent the horizontal and vertical components of the SIFT-Flow displacement vector, respectively; d is a threshold value, with a default value of 40; α is a weighting factor for the second term, with a default value of 2;
the step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
step S41: calculating the aspect ratio similarity of the corresponding local blocks between the original image and the display adaptive image by using the pixel-level mapping relation, so as to calculate the geometric distortion of the local blocks, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein k represents the index sequence number of the local block in the original image; the ratio of variation of the width and height of the local block is rw(k)=w*(k) N and rh(k)=h*(k)/N;w*(k) And h*(k) Width and height, respectively, of local blocks of the reconstructed display-adapted image, obtained by calculating the maximum horizontal and vertical distances between pixels in the local blocks; when the variation ratio of width and height is the same, the local block equivalent to the original image is scaled in equal proportion, and the AR measure reaches the maximum value, i.e. SAR=1;
Step S42: the area similarity of the corresponding local blocks is calculated by utilizing the pixel-level mapping relation, so that the information loss of the local blocks is measured, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein r isa(k)=a*(k)/N2Is the area change ratio of the kth local block; eta is a positive number with a default value of 0.3, which is used to balance geometric distortion and information loss in the image fidelity measureA weight value;
step S43: and calculating the image fidelity of the local block displaying the adaptive image by using the aspect ratio similarity and the area similarity, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
F(k)=SAR(k)·SA(k);
the step S5 specifically includes the following steps:
step S51: defining distortion visibility of each local block according to the average value of each local block in the saliency map S, and calculating the objective quality score of each block according to the fidelity and the distortion visibility of the block:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,an average saliency value representing the kth local block of the saliency map S; if image fidelity F (k) is normalized to [0,1 ]]Then the mass range of the kth local block isTherefore, whenThe mass range of the corresponding local block is [0,1 ]](ii) a And following withThe mass base number of each local block is continuously increased, and the range is continuously reduced;
step S52: obtaining an objective quality score of the whole display adaptation image by calculating an average value of the quality scores of all the local blocks; calculating the objective quality score of each local block according to the fidelity and distortion visibility of the block:
wherein Q isNBPRepresenting the objective quality score calculated by the visible distortion pooling strategy, and M representing the number of local blocks in the original image.
2. The image display adaptation quality assessment method based on visible distortion pooling of claim 1, wherein: in step S51, the defining the distortion visibility of each local block according to the average value of each local block in the saliency map S specifically includes: defining a mass range with small cardinality and large interval for local blocks with high significance; meanwhile, a quality range with large base number and small interval is defined for the local blocks with low significance.
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