CN109978560A - E-commerce product quality safety Risk Monitoring and method for early warning - Google Patents
E-commerce product quality safety Risk Monitoring and method for early warning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of e-commerce product quality safety Risk Monitoring and method for early warning, first determine product to be sampled, and then timing extraction quantity is the sample of n, detect to the quality for the sample being drawn into, obtain each data of the sample；According to the data that detection obtains, Risk Monitoring is carried out to sample using control figure, early warning is carried out to sample using formula calculation risk coefficient；The Risk Monitoring of sample includes the risk monitoring and control of percent defective and the risk monitoring and control of Critical to quality.The present invention have the characteristics that intuitively to reflect security risk and timely and accurately early warning is carried out to product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for monitoring the quality of an electronic commerce product, in particular to a method for monitoring and early warning the safety risk of the quality of the electronic commerce product.
Background
Along with the rapid development of electronic commerce, the quality of electronic commerce products is more and more concerned by consumers, and the quality of electronic commerce products needs to be monitored and early warning is made for the corresponding product quality, so that law enforcement personnel can timely master information and protect the rights and interests of consumers. However, at present, quality safety risk monitoring of electronic commerce products is mainly performed by detecting products purchased on the internet, and data obtained by detection cannot intuitively and effectively reflect the risk; the early warning of electronic commerce products mainly focuses on information retrieval, aims to help users to find valuable information, and lacks further early warning calculation research, so that the product quality cannot be timely and accurately early warned. Therefore, the prior art has the problems that the safety risk cannot be intuitively reflected and the early warning on the product quality cannot be timely and accurately carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for monitoring and early warning the quality safety risk of an electronic commerce product. The invention has the characteristics of intuitively reflecting the safety risk and timely and accurately early warning the product quality.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for monitoring and early warning the quality safety risk of the electronic commerce product comprises the steps of firstly determining a product to be sampled, then regularly extracting n samples, and detecting the quality of the extracted samples to obtain each data of the samples; according to the data obtained by detection, carrying out risk monitoring on the sample by using a control chart, and carrying out early warning on the sample by using a formula to calculate a risk coefficient; the risk monitoring of the sample comprises risk monitoring of reject rate and risk monitoring of key quality characteristics;
the calculation formula of the risk coefficient for early warning the sample is as follows:
wherein R isiTo the mass risk factor, yAFrequency of occurrence of A-type failure, yBFrequency of occurrence of B-type failure, yCThe frequency of unqualified class C; y isA＝KA×wA，wAWeight of class A failure, wA＝3，KAThe severity of class A unqualified; y isB＝KB×wB，wBWeight of class B fail, wB＝2，KBThe severity of class B unqualified; y isC＝KC×wC，wCWeight of class C failing, wC＝1；KCThe severity of class C ineligibility;m is 0.1, PAIs a standard value of A-class defective rate, PBIs a standard value of a defective product rate of class B, PCAnd the standard value of the defective product rate of the C type.
In the method for monitoring and warning quality safety risk of electronic commerce products, the risk monitoring of the rejection rate comprises the following specific steps:
A. drawing by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the sample reject rate as an ordinate to obtain a reject rate control chart, and arranging an upper control line, a central line and a lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the reject rate control chart;
B. arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as horizontal coordinates, and drawing points on a defective rate control chart by taking the actual defective rate of the corresponding samples as vertical coordinates;
C. performing risk monitoring on the rejection rate of the sample according to the point distribution condition on the rejection rate control chart;
when the defective rate standard value of the product is given:
the specific value UCL of the ordinate of the upper control line in step a is:wherein, P0Giving a standard value of the failure rate, wherein n is the sample amount;
the specific value CL of the ordinate of the center line in step a is: CL ═ P0(ii) a Wherein, P0Given aThe standard value of the fraction defective of;
the specific value LCL of the ordinate of the lower control line in the step A is as follows:wherein, P0Giving a standard value of the failure rate, wherein n is the sample amount;
when the reject standard value of the product is not given:
the specific value UCL of the ordinate of the upper control line in step a is:wherein,the average value of the actual rejection rates of a plurality of accumulated spot check samples is obtained, and n is the sample amount;
the specific value CL of the ordinate of the center line in step a is:wherein,averaging the actual reject rates of a plurality of cumulative spot check samples;
the specific value LCL of the ordinate of the lower control line in the step A is as follows:wherein,the average value of the actual reject rate of a plurality of accumulated spot-check samples is shown, and n is the sample amount.
In the method for monitoring and warning the quality safety risk of the electronic commerce product, the risk monitoring of the key quality characteristic comprises the following specific steps: selecting a risk monitoring method of key quality characteristics according to the sample volume n of the spot check: when n is 1, applying a single-value-mobile extreme control chart to carry out risk monitoring on key quality characteristics; when n is more than 1 and less than or equal to 10, the risk monitoring of key quality characteristics is carried out by applying an average value-moving range control chart; when n > 10, a mean-standard deviation control chart is used for risk monitoring of key quality characteristics.
In the foregoing method for monitoring and warning quality safety risk of an e-commerce product, a method for monitoring risk of a key quality characteristic by using a single-value-mobile range control chart includes: firstly, drawing by taking a sample group number as an abscissa and a key mass characteristic value of a sample as an ordinate to obtain a single-value control chart, and arranging a single-value upper control line, a single-value central line and a single-value lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the single-value control chart; drawing a moving range control diagram by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the moving range value of the sample as an ordinate, and arranging a moving range upper control line, a moving range central line and a moving range lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the moving range control diagram;
then, arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as abscissa, and respectively drawing dots on a single-value control chart and a moving range control chart by taking the single-value and moving range values of the corresponding samples as ordinate;
performing risk monitoring of key quality characteristics on the sample according to the point distribution conditions on the single-value control chart and the mobile range control chart;
when standard values are given:
UCL for single-value upper control line of single-value control chartdSingle value center line CLdAnd a single-value lower control line LCLdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: x0-a standard value for the given key mass property value; sigma0Given the allowed deviation values.
Control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: r0A standard value of the given movement range; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; coefficient D1，D2Is a constant value;
when no standard value is given:
UCL for single-value upper control line of single-value control chartdSingle value center line CLdAnd a single-value lower control line LCLdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of the key mass property values accumulated over at least 25 samples;the average moving range when n is 2; e2Is a constant value.
Control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:the average moving range when n is 2; coefficient of performanceD3，D4Is a constant value;
in the foregoing method for monitoring and warning quality safety risk of an e-commerce product, a method for monitoring risk of a key quality characteristic by using an average-mobile range control chart includes: drawing by taking a sample group number as an abscissa and an average value of key mass characteristic values as an ordinate to obtain an average value control chart, and arranging an average upper control line, an average central line and an average lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the average value control chart; drawing a moving range control diagram by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the moving range value of the sample as an ordinate, and arranging a moving range upper control line, a moving range central line and a moving range lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the moving range control diagram;
then, arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as horizontal coordinates, and respectively drawing points on an average control chart and a moving range control chart by taking the average value and the moving range value of each corresponding sample as vertical coordinates;
performing risk monitoring of key quality characteristics on the sample according to the point sub-distribution conditions on the average control chart and the mobile range control chart;
when standard values are given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagePMean center line CLPAnd average lower control line LCLPThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: x0-a standard value for the given key mass property value; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; a, constant value.
Control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd a moving poleDifferential lower control line LCLyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: r0A standard value of the given movement range; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; coefficient D1、D2Is a constant value;
when no standard value is given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagedMean center line CLdAnd average lower control line LCLdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of the key mass characteristic values of at least 25 accumulated samples;is the average of cumulative at least 25 sample range; a. the2Is a constant value.
Control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of cumulative at least 25 sample range; coefficient D3、D4Is a constant value.
In the foregoing method for monitoring and warning quality safety risk of an e-commerce product, the method for monitoring the risk of a key quality characteristic by using an average-standard deviation control chart includes: drawing by taking a sample group number as an abscissa and an average value of key mass characteristic values as an ordinate to obtain an average value control chart, and arranging an average upper control line, an average central line and an average lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the average value control chart; drawing a standard deviation control chart by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the standard deviation value of the sample as an ordinate, and arranging a standard deviation upper control line, a standard deviation central line and a standard deviation lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the standard deviation control chart;
then, arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as horizontal coordinates, and respectively drawing points on an average control chart and a standard deviation control chart by taking the average value and the standard deviation value of each corresponding sample as vertical coordinates;
performing risk monitoring of key quality characteristics on the sample according to the point sub-distribution conditions on the average control chart and the standard deviation control chart;
when standard values are given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagePMean center line CLPAnd average lower control line LCLPThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: x0-a standard value for the given key mass property value; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; a, constant value.
Control line UCL on standard deviation control chart moving rangeBCenter line of extreme difference CLBAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeBThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: s0A standard value of the given movement range; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; coefficient S5、S6Is a constant value;
when no standard value is given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagedMean center line CLdAnd average lower control line LCLdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of the key mass characteristic values of at least 25 accumulated samples;is the average of at least 25 sample standard deviations accumulated; a. the3Is a constant value.
Control line UCL on standard deviation control chart moving rangeBCenter line of extreme difference CLBAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeBThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of at least 25 sample standard deviations accumulated; coefficient B3、B4Is a constant value.
In the foregoing method for monitoring and warning quality and safety risk of an e-commerce product, for a common commodity, a calculation formula of a risk coefficient is as follows:
when N is 1, only one batch is examined, and the formula is:
when N is more than or equal to 2, the calculation formula at the moment is as follows:
when P'Cj＜PCWhen, let nC＝0；
For important goods, the formula for calculating the risk coefficient is as follows:
when N is 1, only one batch is examined, and the formula is:
when N is more than or equal to 2, the calculation formula at the moment is as follows:
when P'Cj＜PCOf (m), P'CjCorresponding nCIs 0.
In the foregoing method for monitoring and warning the quality safety risk of an e-commerce product, the method for determining the risk monitoring of a sample using a control chart includes: if 25 continuous points on the control chart fall between the upper control line and the lower control line, or at most one point of 35 continuous points falls outside the upper control line or the lower control line, or at most two points of 100 continuous points fall outside the upper control line or the lower control line, and the arrangement of the points is random, the electronic commerce product is basically normal, and the electronic commerce product is in a controllable state; if the point falls outside the upper control line or the lower control line, or the arrangement of the points between the upper control line and the lower control line is non-random, it indicates that the electronic commerce product has a systematic risk.
In the method for monitoring and pre-warning the quality safety risk of the electronic commerce product, when R isi＝R1When the color is more than or equal to 0.75, the color is a red early warning risk coefficient; when R is more than or equal to 0.5i＝R2If the value is less than 0.75, the value is an orange early warning risk coefficient; when R is more than or equal to 0.25i＝R3When the value is less than 0.5, the value is a yellow early warning risk coefficient; when R is more than or equal to 0.1i＝R4And when the value is less than 0.25, the value is a blue early warning risk coefficient.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that each data obtained by sampling is depicted on the control chart, so that the quality information of the sample can be visually represented, and the safety risk of the product can be visually reflected; meanwhile, the rejection rate and the key quality characteristics of the product are represented on different control charts, so that different safety risks of the product can be reflected better and more comprehensively. According to the invention, the risk coefficient of the product is calculated through a formula, and corresponding rating is carried out according to the risk coefficient, so that early warning can be intuitively and accurately carried out. In conclusion, the invention has the characteristics of intuitively reflecting the safety risk and timely and accurately early warning the product quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a reject rate control chart;
FIG. 2 is a single value control chart;
FIG. 3 is a control diagram of motion range;
FIG. 4 is a control chart of mean values;
FIG. 5 is a standard deviation control chart.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Examples are given. The method for monitoring and early warning the quality safety risk of the electronic commerce product comprises the steps of firstly determining a product to be sampled, then regularly extracting n samples, and detecting the quality of the extracted samples to obtain each data of the samples, as shown in figures 1 to 5; according to the data obtained by detection, carrying out risk monitoring on the sample by using a control chart, and carrying out early warning on the sample by using a formula to calculate a risk coefficient; the risk monitoring of the sample comprises risk monitoring of reject rate and risk monitoring of key quality characteristics;
the calculation formula of the risk coefficient for early warning the sample is as follows:
wherein R isiTo the mass risk factor, yAFrequency of occurrence of A-type failure, yBFrequency of occurrence of B-type failure, yCThe frequency of unqualified class C; y isA＝KA×wA，wAWeight of class A failure, wA＝3，KAThe severity of class A unqualified; y isB＝KB×wB，wBWeight of class B fail, wB＝2，KBThe severity of class B unqualified; y isC＝KC×wC，wCWeight of class C failing, wC＝1；KCThe severity of class C ineligibility;m is 0.1, PAIs a standard value of A-class defective rate, PBIs a standard value of a defective product rate of class B, PCAnd the standard value of the defective product rate of the C type.
The risk monitoring of the defective rate comprises the following specific steps:
A. drawing by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the sample reject rate as an ordinate to obtain a reject rate control chart, and arranging an upper control line, a central line and a lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the reject rate control chart;
B. arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as horizontal coordinates, and drawing points on a defective rate control chart by taking the actual defective rate of the corresponding samples as vertical coordinates;
C. performing risk monitoring on the rejection rate of the sample according to the point distribution condition on the rejection rate control chart;
when the defective rate standard value of the product is given:
the specific value UCL of the ordinate of the upper control line in step a is:wherein, P0Giving a standard value of the failure rate, wherein n is the sample amount;
the specific value CL of the ordinate of the center line in step a is: CL ═ P0(ii) a Wherein, P0Giving a standard value of failure rate;
the specific value LCL of the ordinate of the lower control line in the step A is as follows:wherein, P0Giving a standard value of the failure rate, wherein n is the sample amount;
when the reject standard value of the product is not given:
the specific value UCL of the ordinate of the upper control line in step a is:wherein,the average value of the actual rejection rates of a plurality of accumulated spot check samples is obtained, and n is the sample amount;
the specific value CL of the ordinate of the center line in step a is:wherein,averaging the actual reject rates of a plurality of cumulative spot check samples;
the specific value LCL of the ordinate of the lower control line in the step A is as follows:wherein,the average value of the actual reject rate of a plurality of accumulated spot-check samples is shown, and n is the sample amount.
The specific steps of risk monitoring of key quality characteristics are: selecting a risk monitoring method of key quality characteristics according to the sample volume n of the spot check: when n is 1, applying a single-value-mobile extreme control chart to carry out risk monitoring on key quality characteristics; when n is more than 1 and less than or equal to 10, the risk monitoring of key quality characteristics is carried out by applying an average value-moving range control chart; when n > 10, a mean-standard deviation control chart is used for risk monitoring of key quality characteristics.
The method for monitoring the risk of the key quality characteristic by applying the single-value-mobile range control chart comprises the following steps: firstly, drawing by taking a sample group number as an abscissa and a key mass characteristic value of a sample as an ordinate to obtain a single-value control chart, and arranging a single-value upper control line, a single-value central line and a single-value lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the single-value control chart; drawing a moving range control diagram by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the moving range value of the sample as an ordinate, and arranging a moving range upper control line, a moving range central line and a moving range lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the moving range control diagram;
then, arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as abscissa, and respectively drawing dots on a single-value control chart and a moving range control chart by taking the single-value and moving range values of the corresponding samples as ordinate;
performing risk monitoring of key quality characteristics on the sample according to the point distribution conditions on the single-value control chart and the mobile range control chart;
when standard values are given:
UCL for single-value upper control line of single-value control chartdSingle value center line CLdAnd a single-value lower control line LCLdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: x0-a standard value for the given key mass property value; sigma0Given the allowed deviation values.
Control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: r0A standard value of the given movement range; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; coefficient D1，D2A constant value found from table 1 for n-2;
when no standard value is given:
UCL for single-value upper control line of single-value control chartdSingle value center line CLdAnd a single-value lower control line LCLdMeter (2)The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of the key mass property values accumulated over at least 25 samples;the average moving range when n is 2; e2A constant value found by looking up from the table when n is 2.
Control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:the average moving range when n is 2; coefficient D3，D4A constant value obtained by searching from the table when n is 2;
the method for monitoring the risk of the key quality characteristics by applying the average value-moving range control chart comprises the following steps: drawing by taking a sample group number as an abscissa and an average value of key mass characteristic values as an ordinate to obtain an average value control chart, and arranging an average upper control line, an average central line and an average lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the average value control chart; drawing a moving range control diagram by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the moving range value of the sample as an ordinate, and arranging a moving range upper control line, a moving range central line and a moving range lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the moving range control diagram;
then, arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as horizontal coordinates, and respectively drawing points on an average control chart and a moving range control chart by taking the average value and the moving range value of each corresponding sample as vertical coordinates;
performing risk monitoring of key quality characteristics on the sample according to the point sub-distribution conditions on the average control chart and the mobile range control chart;
when standard values are given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagePMean center line CLPAnd average lower control line LCLPThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: x0-a standard value for the given key mass property value; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; a, constant values found from table 1.
Control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: r0A standard value of the given movement range; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; coefficient D1、D2Is a constant value found from table 1;
when no standard value is given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagedMean center line CLdAnd average lower control line LCLdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:for accumulating an average of at least 25 sample key mass characteristic value averages (i.e., accumulating at least 25 samples)Average value of (d);is the average of cumulative at least 25 sample range; a. the2A constant value is looked up from the table for n.
Control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of cumulative at least 25 sample range; coefficient D3、D4Is a constant value looked up from a table.
The method for monitoring the risk of key quality characteristics by using the mean-standard deviation control chart comprises the following steps: drawing by taking a sample group number as an abscissa and an average value of key mass characteristic values as an ordinate to obtain an average value control chart, and arranging an average upper control line, an average central line and an average lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the average value control chart; drawing a standard deviation control chart by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the standard deviation value of the sample as an ordinate, and arranging a standard deviation upper control line, a standard deviation central line and a standard deviation lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the standard deviation control chart;
then, arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as horizontal coordinates, and respectively drawing points on an average control chart and a standard deviation control chart by taking the average value and the standard deviation value of each corresponding sample as vertical coordinates;
performing risk monitoring of key quality characteristics on the sample according to the point sub-distribution conditions on the average control chart and the standard deviation control chart;
when standard values are given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagePMean center line CLPAnd average lower control line LCLPThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: x0-a standard value for the given key mass property value; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; a, constant values found from table 1.
Control line UCL on standard deviation control chart moving rangeBCenter line of extreme difference CLBAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeBThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: s0A standard value of the given movement range; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; coefficient S5、S6Is a constant value found from table 1;
when no standard value is given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagedMean center line CLdAnd average lower control line LCLdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of the key mass characteristic values of at least 25 accumulated samples;is the average of at least 25 sample standard deviations accumulated; a. the3A constant value found from table 1 for n.
Control line UCL on standard deviation control chart moving rangeBCenter line of extreme difference CLBAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeBThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of at least 25 sample standard deviations accumulated; coefficient B3、B4Is a constant value looked up from table 1.
For common goods, the formula for calculating the risk coefficient is as follows:
when N is 1, only one batch is examined, and the formula is:
when N is more than or equal to 2, the calculation formula at the moment is as follows:
when P'Cj＜PCWhen, let nC＝0；
For important goods, the formula for calculating the risk coefficient is as follows:
when N is 1, only one batch is examined, and the formula is:
when N is more than or equal to 2, the calculation formula at the moment is as follows:
when P'Cj＜PCOf (m), P'CjCorresponding nCIs 0.
The method for judging the risk monitoring of the sample by using the control chart comprises the following steps: if 25 continuous points on the control chart fall between the upper control line and the lower control line, or at most one point of 35 continuous points falls outside the upper control line or the lower control line, or at most two points of 100 continuous points fall outside the upper control line or the lower control line, and the arrangement of the points is random, the electronic commerce product is basically normal, and the electronic commerce product is in a controllable state; if the point falls outside the upper control line or the lower control line, or the arrangement of the points between the upper control line and the lower control line is non-random, it indicates that the electronic commerce product has a systematic risk.
When R isi＝R1When the color is more than or equal to 0.75, the color is a red early warning risk coefficient; when R is more than or equal to 0.5i＝R2If the value is less than 0.75, the value is an orange early warning risk coefficient; when R is more than or equal to 0.25i＝R3When the value is less than 0.5, the value is a yellow early warning risk coefficient; when R is more than or equal to 0.1i＝R4And when the value is less than 0.25, the value is a blue early warning risk coefficient.
TABLE 1 coefficient table for controlling the calculation of control limits for a picture
R1: red early warning risk coefficient; (y)A1,yB1,yC1) The frequency of unqualified A, B and C types during calculation of the red early warning risk coefficient is obtained;
R2: orange early warning risk coefficient; (y)A2,yB2,yC2) The frequency of unqualified A, B and C types during calculation of the orange early warning risk coefficient is obtained;
R3: yellow early warning risk coefficient; (y)A3,yB3,yC3) The frequency of unqualified A, B and C types during calculation of the yellow early warning risk coefficient is obtained;
R4: blue early warning risk coefficient; (y)A4,yB4,yC4) The frequency of unqualified A, B and C corresponding to the blue early warning risk coefficient is calculated;
obtaining the unqualified number d in the sample and the key quality characteristic value X of each product in the sample, and calculating the sample according to a formulaAnd then, carrying out risk monitoring on the sample by using a control chart, and carrying out early warning on the sample by using an early warning model.
Claims (9)
1. The method for monitoring and early warning the quality safety risk of the electronic commerce product is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, determining a product to be sampled, then, regularly extracting n samples, and detecting the quality of the extracted samples to obtain each data of the samples; according to the data obtained by detection, carrying out risk monitoring on the sample by using a control chart, and carrying out early warning on the sample by using a formula to calculate a risk coefficient; the risk monitoring of the sample comprises risk monitoring of reject rate and risk monitoring of key quality characteristics;
the calculation formula of the risk coefficient for early warning the sample is as follows:
wherein R isiTo the mass risk factor, yAFrequency of occurrence of A-type failure, yBFrequency of occurrence of B-type failure, yCThe frequency of unqualified class C; y isA＝KA×wA，wAWeight of class A failure, wA＝3，KAThe severity of class A unqualified; y isB＝KB×wB，wBWeight of class B fail, wB＝2，KBThe severity of class B unqualified; y isC＝KC×wC，wCWeight of class C failing, wC＝1；KCThe severity of class C ineligibility; m is 0.1, PAIs a standard value of A-class defective rate, PBIs a standard value of a defective product rate of class B, PCAnd the standard value of the defective product rate of the C type.
2. The method for monitoring and warning the safety risk of the quality of the electronic commerce product as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the risk monitoring of the defective rate comprises the following specific steps:
A. drawing by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the sample reject rate as an ordinate to obtain a reject rate control chart, and arranging an upper control line, a central line and a lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the reject rate control chart;
B. arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as horizontal coordinates, and drawing points on a defective rate control chart by taking the actual defective rate of the corresponding samples as vertical coordinates;
C. performing risk monitoring on the rejection rate of the sample according to the point distribution condition on the rejection rate control chart;
when the defective rate standard value of the product is given:
the specific value UCL of the ordinate of the upper control line in step a is:wherein, P0Giving a standard value of the failure rate, wherein n is the sample amount;
the specific value CL of the ordinate of the center line in step a is: CL ═ P0(ii) a Wherein, P0Giving a standard value of failure rate;
the specific value LCL of the ordinate of the lower control line in the step A is as follows:wherein, P0Giving a standard value of the failure rate, wherein n is the sample amount;
when the reject standard value of the product is not given:
the specific value UCL of the ordinate of the upper control line in step a is:wherein,the average value of the actual rejection rates of a plurality of accumulated spot check samples is obtained, and n is the sample amount;
the specific value CL of the ordinate of the center line in step a is:wherein,averaging the actual reject rates of a plurality of cumulative spot check samples;
the specific value LCL of the ordinate of the lower control line in the step A is as follows:wherein,the average value of the actual reject rate of a plurality of accumulated spot-check samples is shown, and n is the sample amount.
3. The method for monitoring and warning the safety risk of the quality of the electronic commerce product as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific steps of risk monitoring of key quality characteristics are: selecting a risk monitoring method of key quality characteristics according to the sample volume n of the spot check: when n is 1, applying a single-value-mobile extreme control chart to carry out risk monitoring on key quality characteristics; when n is more than 1 and less than or equal to 10, the risk monitoring of key quality characteristics is carried out by applying an average value-moving range control chart; when n > 10, a mean-standard deviation control chart is used for risk monitoring of key quality characteristics.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises: the method for monitoring the risk of the key quality characteristic by applying the single-value-mobile range control chart comprises the following steps: firstly, drawing by taking a sample group number as an abscissa and a key mass characteristic value of a sample as an ordinate to obtain a single-value control chart, and arranging a single-value upper control line, a single-value central line and a single-value lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the single-value control chart; drawing a moving range control diagram by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the moving range value of the sample as an ordinate, and arranging a moving range upper control line, a moving range central line and a moving range lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the moving range control diagram;
then, arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as abscissa, and respectively drawing dots on a single-value control chart and a moving range control chart by taking the single-value and moving range values of the corresponding samples as ordinate;
performing risk monitoring of key quality characteristics on the sample according to the point distribution conditions on the single-value control chart and the mobile range control chart;
when standard values are given:
UCL for single-value upper control line of single-value control chartdSingle value center line CLdAnd a single-value lower control line LCLdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: x0-a standard value for the given key mass property value; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value;
control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: r0A standard value of the given movement range; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; coefficient D1，D2Is a constant value;
when no standard value is given:
UCL for single-value upper control line of single-value control chartdSingle value center line CLdAnd a single-value lower control line LCLdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of the key mass property values accumulated over at least 25 samples;the average moving range when n is 2; e2Is a constant value;
control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:the average moving range when n is 2; coefficient D3，D4Is a constant value.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises: the method for monitoring the risk of the key quality characteristics by applying the average value-moving range control chart comprises the following steps: drawing by taking a sample group number as an abscissa and an average value of key mass characteristic values as an ordinate to obtain an average value control chart, and arranging an average upper control line, an average central line and an average lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the average value control chart; drawing a moving range control diagram by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the moving range value of the sample as an ordinate, and arranging a moving range upper control line, a moving range central line and a moving range lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the moving range control diagram;
then, arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as horizontal coordinates, and respectively drawing points on an average control chart and a moving range control chart by taking the average value and the moving range value of each corresponding sample as vertical coordinates;
performing risk monitoring of key quality characteristics on the sample according to the point sub-distribution conditions on the average control chart and the mobile range control chart;
when standard values are given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagePMean center line CLPAnd average lower control line LCLPThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: x0-a standard value for the given key mass property value; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; a, a constant value;
control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: r0A standard value of the given movement range; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; coefficient D1、D2Is a constant value;
when no standard value is given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagedMean center line CLdAnd average lower control line LCLdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of the key mass characteristic values of at least 25 accumulated samples;is the average of cumulative at least 25 sample range; a. the2Is a constant value;
control line UCL on mobile range of mobile range control chartyCenter line of extreme difference CLyAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeyThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of cumulative at least 25 sample range; coefficient D3、D4Is a constant value.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises: the method for monitoring the risk of key quality characteristics by using the mean-standard deviation control chart comprises the following steps: drawing by taking a sample group number as an abscissa and an average value of key mass characteristic values as an ordinate to obtain an average value control chart, and arranging an average upper control line, an average central line and an average lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the average value control chart; drawing a standard deviation control chart by taking the sample group number as an abscissa and the standard deviation value of the sample as an ordinate, and arranging a standard deviation upper control line, a standard deviation central line and a standard deviation lower control line which are parallel to the abscissa on the standard deviation control chart;
then, arranging the samples extracted at regular time in time sequence to obtain corresponding sample group numbers, taking the sample group numbers as horizontal coordinates, and respectively drawing points on an average control chart and a standard deviation control chart by taking the average value and the standard deviation value of each corresponding sample as vertical coordinates;
performing risk monitoring of key quality characteristics on the sample according to the point sub-distribution conditions on the average control chart and the standard deviation control chart;
when standard values are given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagePMean center line CLPAnd average lower control line LCLPThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: x0-a standard value for the given key mass property value; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; a, a constant value;
control line UCL on standard deviation control chart moving rangeBCenter line of extreme difference CLBAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeBThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: s0A standard value of the given movement range; sigma0Giving an allowable deviation value; coefficient S5、S6Is a constant value;
when no standard value is given:
average control of UCL of control lines on averagedMean center line CLdAnd average lower control line LCLdThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of the key mass characteristic values of at least 25 accumulated samples;is the average of at least 25 sample standard deviations accumulated; a. the3Is a constant value.
Control line UCL on standard deviation control chart moving rangeBCenter line of extreme difference CLBAnd moving the lower control line LCL of rangeBThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:is the average of at least 25 sample standard deviations accumulated; coefficient B3、B4Is a constant value.
7. The method for monitoring and warning the safety risk of the quality of the electronic commerce product as claimed in claim 1, wherein: for common goods, the formula for calculating the risk coefficient is as follows:
when N is 1, only one batch is examined, and the formula is:
when N is more than or equal to 2, the calculation formula at the moment is as follows:
when P'Cj＜PCWhen, let nC＝0；
For important goods, the formula for calculating the risk coefficient is as follows:
when N is 1, only one batch is examined, and the formula is:
when N is more than or equal to 2, the calculation formula at the moment is as follows:
when P'Cj＜PCOf (m), P'CjCorresponding nCIs 0.
8. The method for monitoring and warning the safety risk of the quality of the electronic commerce product as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method for judging the risk monitoring of the sample by using the control chart comprises the following steps: if 25 continuous points on the control chart fall between the upper control line and the lower control line, or at most one point of 35 continuous points falls outside the upper control line or the lower control line, or at most two points of 100 continuous points fall outside the upper control line or the lower control line, and the arrangement of the points is random, the electronic commerce product is basically normal, and the electronic commerce product is in a controllable state; if the point falls outside the upper control line or the lower control line, or the arrangement of the points between the upper control line and the lower control line is non-random, it indicates that the electronic commerce product has a systematic risk.
9. The method for monitoring and warning the safety risk of the quality of the electronic commerce product as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when R isi＝R1When the color is more than or equal to 0.75, the color is a red early warning risk coefficient; when R is more than or equal to 0.5i＝R2If the value is less than 0.75, the value is an orange early warning risk coefficient; when R is more than or equal to 0.25i＝R3When the value is less than 0.5, the value is a yellow early warning risk coefficient; when R is more than or equal to 0.1i＝R4And when the value is less than 0.25, the value is a blue early warning risk coefficient.
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