A kind of acquisition of fingerprint on site matches control methods and system with long-range
Technical field
This disclosure relates to which mode identification technology, acquires more particularly to a kind of fingerprint on site and remotely matches to analogy
Method and system.
Background technique
With the continuous development of mode identification technology and fingerprint extraction technology, and spot directly finds acquisition fingerprint
The technology of data is also more and more mature, and the fingerprint digitized degree and clarity that extract are also higher and higher.In order to adapt to net
The development of generation technique when network establishes corresponding suspect's fingerprint base by associated safety department, and implements people by associated field
Member's application, authorized can acquire fingerprint on site are compared one by one with the fingerprint in the fingerprint characteristic library of remote service end, with
Tentatively judge whether the fingerprint of scene discovery exists in fingerprint base, it, can if there is the fingerprint of doubtful suspect in fingerprint base
Cracking of cases difficulty is substantially reduced, cracking of cases rate is improved.
Inventor has found that current web technology has developed highly developed under study for action, and network data transmission is plus number
It also can guarantee the safety of data network transmission according to encryption, and special sector combined to use special inside network, data are difficult to
It is intercepted and distorts.Comparative maturity is developed to for contact algorithm for recognizing fingerprint, and is directed to the non-contact fingerprint of spot
Then relative difficulty is acquired, the technology that the finger print information of collection in worksite is converted to digital finger-print is especially faced with development machine
It meets.
Summary of the invention
The first purpose of this specification embodiment is to provide a kind of acquisition of fingerprint on site and remotely matches control methods, right
Recovery as much as possible and the feature that takes the fingerprint after the fingerprint digitlization of collection in worksite, using network technology by collection in worksite
Fingerprint is compared with the fingerprint characteristic library at remote service end, can greatly reduce the process of handling a case, and be conducive to collection in worksite
Personnel are in the timely break a case in spot.
This specification embodiment provides a kind of acquisition of fingerprint on site and remotely matches control methods, passes through following technical side
Case is realized:
Include:
Collection in worksite client acquires digital fingerprint data at the scene and extracts digital finger-print region, then to fingerprint region
Domain carries out enhancing processing and extracts fingerprint characteristic, and fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images, adds to the fingerprint characteristic of extraction
It is close and by transmission of network to remote service end;
Collection in worksite client, which is received, to be decrypted fingerprint characteristic by remote service end, then with finger print data
Library carries out traversal comparison, and the data transmitted after comparing result is encrypted.
This specification embodiment provides a kind of acquisition of fingerprint on site and remotely matches control methods, passes through following technical side
Case is realized:
Include:
Remote service end receive collection in worksite client using encrypt in the way of by network transmission come fingerprint characteristic number
According to the digital finger-print region that collection in worksite client acquires digital fingerprint data at the scene and extracts, then to finger-print region
It carries out enhancing processing and obtains fingerprint characteristic, fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images;
Remote service termination receive the fingerprint characteristic that client transmits after, first it is decrypted, then with clothes
Business end fingerprint database carries out traversal comparison, and collection in worksite client is transferred to after comparing result is encrypted.
This specification embodiment provides a kind of acquisition of fingerprint on site and remotely matches control methods, passes through following technical side
Case is realized:
Include:
Collection in worksite client acquires digital fingerprint data at the scene and extracts digital finger-print region, then to fingerprint region
Domain carries out enhancing processing and extracts fingerprint characteristic, and fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images, adds to the fingerprint characteristic of extraction
It is close and by transmission of network to remote service end;
Remote service termination receive the fingerprint characteristic that client transmits after, first it is decrypted, then with clothes
Business end fingerprint database carries out traversal comparison, and collection in worksite client is transferred to after comparing result is encrypted, collection in worksite visitor
Family end provides corresponding conclusion according to comparing result.
This specification embodiment provides a kind of collection in worksite client, is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Include:
Fingerprint collection in worksite and processing unit, are configured as: acquiring digital fingerprint data at the scene and extract number and refer to
Then line region carries out enhancing processing to finger-print region and extracts fingerprint characteristic, fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images, to mentioning
The fingerprint characteristic taken encrypt and by transmission of network to remote service end;
Fingerprint scene comparing result receiving unit, is configured as: receiving and solves by remote service end to fingerprint characteristic
Then data that close processing carries out traversal comparison with fingerprint database, and transmits after comparing result is encrypted.
This specification embodiment provides a kind of remote service end, is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Include:
Finger print data receiving unit, is configured as: receiving collection in worksite client and is passed in the way of encryption by network
Defeated next fingerprint characteristic data, the digital finger-print area that collection in worksite client acquires digital fingerprint data at the scene and extracts
Then domain carries out enhancing processing to finger-print region and obtains fingerprint characteristic, fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images;
Finger print data comparing unit, is configured as: after receiving the fingerprint characteristic that client transmits, first solving to it
Then close processing carries out traversal comparison with fingerprint database, and collection in worksite client is transferred to after comparing result is encrypted.
This specification embodiment provides a kind of acquisition of fingerprint on site and matches comparison system with long-range, comprising: collection in worksite
Client and remote service end;
Collection in worksite client includes:
Fingerprint collection in worksite and processing unit, are configured as: acquiring digital fingerprint data at the scene and extract number and refer to
Then line region carries out enhancing processing to finger-print region and extracts fingerprint characteristic, fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images, to mentioning
The fingerprint characteristic taken encrypt and by transmission of network to remote service end;
Fingerprint scene comparing result receiving unit, is configured as: receiving and solves by remote service end to fingerprint characteristic
Then data that close processing carries out traversal comparison with fingerprint database, and transmits after comparing result is encrypted;
Remote service end includes:
Finger print data receiving unit, is configured as: receiving collection in worksite client and is passed in the way of encryption by network
Defeated next fingerprint characteristic data, the digital finger-print area that collection in worksite client acquires digital fingerprint data at the scene and extracts
Then domain carries out enhancing processing to finger-print region and obtains fingerprint characteristic, fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images;
Finger print data comparing unit, is configured as: after receiving the fingerprint characteristic that client transmits, first solving to it
Then close processing carries out traversal comparison with fingerprint database, and collection in worksite client is transferred to after comparing result is encrypted.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the disclosure is:
Disclosure collection in worksite client acquires digital fingerprint data at the scene and extracts digital finger-print region, then right
Finger-print region carries out enhancing processing and extracts fingerprint characteristic;The fingerprint characteristic of extraction encrypt and by transmission of network to remote
Journey server-side;Remote service termination receive the fingerprint characteristic that client transmits after, first it is decrypted, then with clothes
Business end fingerprint database carries out traversal comparison, and collection in worksite client is transferred to after comparing result is encrypted, collection in worksite visitor
Family end provides corresponding conclusion according to comparing result.Spot fingerprint collecting person works' efficiency can be improved in the disclosure, and just
Step grasps case suspect essential information, improves detection speed of the case.
The disclosure can be improved the safety of data: fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images, and the mode of encryption is transmitted,
The safety and confidentiality for being conducive to improve data are not easy intercepted and distort.
The disclosure can be improved the high efficiency of data processing;Fingerprint on site acquisition client can analyze out the finger of suspect
Line feature, and remote service end is quickly obtained to the comparing result of suspect's fingerprint, accelerate to improve personnel in charge of the case to cracking of cases
Efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
The Figure of description for constituting a part of this disclosure is used to provide further understanding of the disclosure, and the disclosure is shown
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation do not constitute the improper restriction to the disclosure for explaining the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is the overview flow chart of embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 2 is fingerprint on site acquisition and the process flow diagram of embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 3 is that the remote service end fingerprint matching of embodiment of the present disclosure compares flow chart.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the disclosure.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with disclosure person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the disclosure.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
Examples of implementation one
The examples of implementation disclose this specification embodiment and provide a kind of acquisition of fingerprint on site and remotely match to analogy
Method is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Include:
Collection in worksite client acquires digital fingerprint data at the scene and extracts digital finger-print region, then to fingerprint region
Domain carries out enhancing processing and extracts fingerprint characteristic, and fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images, adds to the fingerprint characteristic of extraction
It is close and by transmission of network to remote service end;
Collection in worksite client, which is received, to be decrypted fingerprint characteristic by remote service end, then with finger print data
Library carries out traversal comparison, and the data transmitted after comparing result is encrypted.
In the examples of implementation, fingerprint on site acquires and remotely matches control methods, and key step includes:
Referring to shown in attached drawing 2, fingerprint on site acquires client in digital photos of the spot acquisition comprising finger-print region
I, fingerprint on site acquisition are mainly displayed using Appearing Techniques of Human Fingerprints by what the finger print information that scene is left was more clear, and
It include the digital picture of finger-print region using digital equipment acquisition.
In the examples of implementation, digital equipment such as camera floor fingerprint will by hot spot or bluetooth form
Photo is transmitted to collection in worksite client, and client, which is responsible for receiving, saves data to notebook, is convenient for preliminary treatment early period.
Extract the area-of-interest fingerprint portion I in digital photos If, and normalizing pixel size is width W=300, H=
400, it is consistent with remote service end fingerprint characteristic library fingerprint size criteria.
To finger-print region IfBackground separation is carried out, and carries out enhancing processing, binaryzation finger print data F is obtained, uses Gabor
Filtering carries out image enhancement, its calculation formula is:
xθ=x cos θ+y sin θ
yθ=-x sin θ+y cos θ
Wherein, frequency f takes 1/7, θ for filtering direction { 0,22.5,45,67.5,90,112.5,135,157.5 }, 8 sides
To filtering image be superimposed to obtain enhanced image.
The fingerprint characteristic set M of F is extracted, and carries out data encryption, obtains set M ', take the fingerprint bifurcation and endpoint spy
Sign, and the coordinate set M of the characteristic point of extraction is stored into the feature as the fingerprint in the form of images.By two-value fingerprint characteristic
It is considered as a binary sequence, is converted into using base64 coding for network transmission 8Bit bytecode, thus
To encrypted characteristic set M '.The fingerprint characteristic extracted encryption set M ' is converted into fingerprint two-value using base64 decoding
Characteristic set M.
To set M ' addition information header character " START " and information trailing character " END ", obtain " START+M '+END ", and
It is uploaded to remote service end.When collection in worksite client needs tentatively assert the fingerprint of acquisition, socket is used
Technology connects server-side, and fingerprint characteristic after encryption is uploaded to server-side, need to each add when individual fingerprint characteristic M ' upload
Add the information header character " START " and information trailing character " END " defined, as a complete finger print feature transmission starting and knot
The identifier of beam.
Referring to shown in attached drawing 3, after remote service termination receives " START+M '+END ", encryption information M ' in information is extracted,
The fingerprint characteristic extracted encryption set M ' is converted into fingerprint binary feature set M using base64 decoding.
Remote service end is compared according to fingerprint characteristic M and all fingerprint characteristics in server-side fingerprint characteristic library, and
Comparing result is fed back into collection in worksite client.Remote service end by after decryption fingerprint characteristic M and server-side fingerprint characteristic
All fingerprint characteristics in library are traversed to be compared one by one, calculates the similarity of each fingerprint characteristic in M and fingerprint characteristic library, root
Comparing result is returned according to the similarity threshold of setting.Calculating formula of similarity are as follows:
Wherein, P (M, N) is a fingerprint characteristic N in fingerprint characteristic M and feature database, fingerprint minutiae matching to number,
Max (M, N) is fingerprint characteristic M and the N number of several maximum values of fingerprint characteristic.Threshold value T=0.7 is taken herein, if δ > T, then it is assumed that M and N phase
Seemingly, on the contrary then think dissimilar.Conclusion is compared, at least one fingerprint characteristic of feature database is similar to M, then returns to similar conclusion simultaneously
The relevant information of similar fingerprints is fed back into client together, if none in feature database is similar to M, backout feature library is without similar
Fingerprint is to client.
Collection in worksite client provides preliminary conclusion according to the comparing result that remote service end is transmitted.
In the examples of implementation, scene uses contactless acquisition, is the fingerprint that spot is retained in for suspect
It is acquired, first has to carry out showing processing to fingerprint, place graduated scale and be acquired using shooting technology, then from photo
Finger-print region is extracted, and carries out background separation, normalized, feature enhances and extracts.
In the examples of implementation, graduated scale is placed as object of reference, can be passed through when doing electronic data processing so as to the later period
Comparison obtains the actual size size of the fingerprint of acquisition, uses convenient for later period comparison.
In an examples of implementation, bifurcation and endpoint feature are most commonly used features in fingerprint characteristic, and fingerprint image is located in advance
The bianry image that fingerprint thinning is obtained after reason, the pixel on bianry image its crestal line after refinement indicate with 1 pixel, as
Element is black crestal line for 0 pixel, and it is white area that pixel, which is 1,.When the feature that takes the fingerprint, calculating each pixel is 0
Pixel the difference with adjacent pixel values in 8 neighborhoods, using the pixel as the central point of 8 neighborhoods.If difference is 0, then it represents that should
Pixel pixel adjacent thereto is same gray value, i.e. the adjacent pixel is also 0, that is, the extension on a crestal line of the pixel
Point;If difference is -1, then it represents that the pixel and the non-extended relationship of adjacent pixel, that is, be the non-crestal line region of white.Count the picture
The number that 8 pixel differences are 0 in vegetarian refreshments and neighborhood, so that it may counting the pixel has extension on several directions, if 0
Number is 1, then the point be endpoint feature, if 0 number be 3 if the point be triradius, if 0 number be 2 points in crestal line
On, if 0 number is other values, then it represents that the point is noise, by the endpoint calculated and triradius set of characteristic points to scheme
The form of picture saves.
The fingerprint characteristic of extraction is stored in the form of images, when carrying out fingerprint matching convenient for the later period, without detecting again
Fingerprint characteristic in fingerprint image, but directly compared with the fingerprint characteristic in the fingerprint characteristic and feature database in picture,
If fingerprint characteristic library data volume is very big, this method can greatly improve detection efficiency.Because referring to if fingerprint characteristic library saves
Print image, when the fingerprint image in the fingerprint image and feature database of collection in worksite compares, each image is intended to detect again
A time fingerprint characteristic, calculation amount can be bigger, influence to specific efficiency, obtain remote service end so as to cause fingerprint collection in worksite end
Feedback result just postpone significantly, be unfavorable for the preliminary judgement of Field Force's case.
The fingerprint on site collection terminal of the disclosure is the acquisition leaving fingerprint at the scene to spot suspect and carrying out, and is
Fingerprint manifestation that is contactless, using correlation technique that suspect is left places comparison graduated scale and carries out acquisition of taking pictures, from photograph
Finger print information is extracted in piece, and related post-processing then is carried out to fingerprint.With the equipment such as Acquisition Instrument used in the prior art
User fingerprints data are acquired to be different.
Disclosure fingerprint characteristic is stored with image format, and server-side is uploaded to by way of encryption, while being kept
Information Security and high efficiency.
Disclosure remote service end is used by special safety organ, and fingerprint characteristic library is all related suspect's fingerprints
The set of feature database, each fingerprint characteristic bind specific suspect.Remote service end is according to the connection of collection in worksite client
The fingerprint characteristic requested and transmitted compare in feature database and comparing result and suspect's information are fed back to scene together referring to
Line acquires client.
Examples of implementation two
This specification embodiment provides a kind of acquisition of fingerprint on site and remotely matches control methods, passes through following technical side
Case is realized:
Include:
Remote service end receive collection in worksite client using encrypt in the way of by network transmission come fingerprint characteristic number
According to the digital finger-print region that collection in worksite client acquires digital fingerprint data at the scene and extracts, then to finger-print region
It carries out enhancing processing and obtains fingerprint characteristic, fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images;
Remote service termination receive the fingerprint characteristic that client transmits after, first it is decrypted, then with clothes
Business end fingerprint database carries out traversal comparison, and collection in worksite client is transferred to after comparing result is encrypted.
Remote service end and collection in worksite client are shown in the " fingerprint on site in examples of implementation one to the processing of the acquisition of data
The key step for acquiring and remotely matching control methods ", is no longer described in detail herein.
Examples of implementation three
Referring to figure 1, this specification embodiment provides a kind of acquisition of fingerprint on site and remotely matches control methods,
It is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Include:
Collection in worksite client acquires digital fingerprint data at the scene and extracts digital finger-print region, then to fingerprint region
Domain carries out enhancing processing and extracts fingerprint characteristic, and fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images, adds to the fingerprint characteristic of extraction
It is close and by transmission of network to remote service end;
Remote service termination receive the fingerprint characteristic that client transmits after, first it is decrypted, then with clothes
Business end fingerprint database carries out traversal comparison, and collection in worksite client is transferred to after comparing result is encrypted, collection in worksite visitor
Family end provides corresponding conclusion according to comparing result.
Remote service end and collection in worksite client are shown in the " fingerprint on site in examples of implementation one to the processing of the acquisition of data
The key step for acquiring and remotely matching control methods ", is no longer described in detail herein.
Examples of implementation four
This specification embodiment provides a kind of collection in worksite client, is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Include:
Fingerprint collection in worksite and processing unit, are configured as: acquiring digital fingerprint data at the scene and extract number and refer to
Then line region carries out enhancing processing to finger-print region and extracts fingerprint characteristic, fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images, to mentioning
The fingerprint characteristic taken encrypt and by transmission of network to remote service end;
Fingerprint scene comparing result receiving unit, is configured as: receiving and solves by remote service end to fingerprint characteristic
Then data that close processing carries out traversal comparison with fingerprint database, and transmits after comparing result is encrypted.
In specific embodiment, fingerprint on site acquires client and shines in spot acquisition comprising the number of finger-print region
Piece I, fingerprint on site acquisition are mainly displayed using Appearing Techniques of Human Fingerprints by what the finger print information that scene is left was more clear,
And use digital picture of the digital equipment acquisition comprising finger-print region.
Extract the area-of-interest fingerprint portion I in digital photos If, and normalizing pixel size is width W=300, H=
400, it is consistent with remote service end fingerprint characteristic library fingerprint size criteria.
To finger-print region IfBackground separation is carried out, and carries out enhancing processing, binaryzation finger print data F is obtained, uses Gabor
Filtering carries out image enhancement, its calculation formula is:
xθ=x cos θ+y sin θ
yθ=-x sin θ+y cos θ
Wherein, frequency f takes 1/7, θ for filtering direction { 0,22.5,45,67.5,90,112.5,135,157.5 }, 8 sides
To filtering image be superimposed to obtain enhanced image.
The fingerprint characteristic set M of F is extracted, and carries out data encryption, obtains set M ', take the fingerprint bifurcation and endpoint spy
Sign, and the coordinate set M of the characteristic point of extraction is stored into the feature as the fingerprint in the form of images.By two-value fingerprint characteristic
It is considered as a binary sequence, is converted into using base64 coding for network transmission 8Bit bytecode, thus
To encrypted characteristic set M '.The fingerprint characteristic extracted encryption set M ' is converted into fingerprint two-value using base64 decoding
Characteristic set M.
To set M ' addition information header character " START " and information trailing character " END ", obtain " START+M '+END ", and
It is uploaded to remote service end.When collection in worksite client needs tentatively assert the fingerprint of acquisition, socket is used
Technology connects server-side, and fingerprint characteristic after encryption is uploaded to server-side, need to each add when individual fingerprint characteristic M ' upload
Add the information header character " START " and information trailing character " END " defined, as a complete finger print feature transmission starting and knot
The identifier of beam.
Collection in worksite client provides preliminary conclusion according to the comparing result that remote service end is transmitted.
Examples of implementation five
This specification embodiment provides a kind of remote service end, is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Include:
Finger print data receiving unit, is configured as: receiving collection in worksite client and is passed in the way of encryption by network
Defeated next fingerprint characteristic data, the digital finger-print area that collection in worksite client acquires digital fingerprint data at the scene and extracts
Then domain carries out enhancing processing to finger-print region and obtains fingerprint characteristic, fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images;
Finger print data comparing unit, is configured as: after receiving the fingerprint characteristic that client transmits, first solving to it
Then close processing carries out traversal comparison with fingerprint database, and collection in worksite client is transferred to after comparing result is encrypted.
In specific embodiment, remote service termination receives what collection in worksite client in examples of implementation four was sent
After " START+M '+END ", encryption information M ' in information is extracted, the fingerprint characteristic crypto set that will be extracted is decoded using base64
It closes M ' and is converted to fingerprint binary feature set M.
Remote service end is compared according to fingerprint characteristic M and all fingerprint characteristics in server-side fingerprint characteristic library, and
Comparing result is fed back into collection in worksite client.Remote service end by after decryption fingerprint characteristic M and server-side fingerprint characteristic
All fingerprint characteristics in library are traversed to be compared one by one, calculates the similarity of each fingerprint characteristic in M and fingerprint characteristic library, root
Comparing result is returned according to the similarity threshold of setting.Calculating formula of similarity are as follows:
Wherein, P (M, N) is a fingerprint characteristic N in fingerprint characteristic M and feature database, fingerprint minutiae matching to number,
Max (M, N) is fingerprint characteristic M and the N number of several maximum values of fingerprint characteristic.Threshold value T=0.7 is taken herein, if δ > T, then it is assumed that M and N phase
Seemingly, on the contrary then think dissimilar.Conclusion is compared, at least one fingerprint characteristic of feature database is similar to M, then returns to similar conclusion simultaneously
The relevant information of similar fingerprints is fed back into client together, if none in feature database is similar to M, backout feature library is without similar
Fingerprint is to client.
Examples of implementation six
This specification embodiment provides a kind of acquisition of fingerprint on site and matches comparison system with long-range, comprising: collection in worksite
Client and remote service end;
Collection in worksite client includes:
Fingerprint collection in worksite and processing unit, are configured as: acquiring digital fingerprint data at the scene and extract number and refer to
Then line region carries out enhancing processing to finger-print region and extracts fingerprint characteristic, fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images, to mentioning
The fingerprint characteristic taken encrypt and by transmission of network to remote service end;
Fingerprint scene comparing result receiving unit, is configured as: receiving and solves by remote service end to fingerprint characteristic
Then data that close processing carries out traversal comparison with fingerprint database, and transmits after comparing result is encrypted;
Remote service end includes:
Finger print data receiving unit, is configured as: receiving collection in worksite client and is passed in the way of encryption by network
Defeated next fingerprint characteristic data, the digital finger-print area that collection in worksite client acquires digital fingerprint data at the scene and extracts
Then domain carries out enhancing processing to finger-print region and obtains fingerprint characteristic, fingerprint characteristic stores in the form of images;
Finger print data comparing unit, is configured as: after receiving the fingerprint characteristic that client transmits, first solving to it
Then close processing carries out traversal comparison with fingerprint database, and collection in worksite client is transferred to after comparing result is encrypted.
Remote service end and collection in worksite client are shown in the " fingerprint on site in examples of implementation one to the processing of the acquisition of data
The key step for acquiring and remotely matching control methods ", is no longer described in detail herein.
It is understood that in the description of this specification, reference term " embodiment ", " another embodiment ", " other
The description of embodiment " or " first embodiment~N embodiment " etc. means specific spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Sign, structure, material or feature are included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, to above-mentioned
The schematic representation of term may not refer to the same embodiment or example.Moreover, the specific features of description, structure, material
Person's feature can be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more of the embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, are not limited to the disclosure, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the disclosure can have various modifications and variations.It is all within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, it is made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the protection scope of the disclosure.