CN109977542A - A kind of tightrope kinetic characteristic experimental study method in vortex - Google Patents
A kind of tightrope kinetic characteristic experimental study method in vortex Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soft cord kinetic characteristic experimental study methods in vortex, comprising: for guarantee in simulation flowing the kinetic characteristic of soft cord model+quality body Model with it is similar in practical situations, must the proposed similarity criterion of satisfaction it is equal；Propose a set of calculation formula for calculating test parameters；Prepare for test, by the elasticity modulus and density of choosing material measurement compared with the density of the soft cord model of calculating and elasticity modulus, find material similar in the two, for making soft cord model, meet geometric similarity when production, the rigidity and quality requirement of similarity of soft cord model and practical soft cord can be met；The qualitative motion feature of available softness cord+mass body and certain quantitative exercise feature.For the scale model test research of all soft cord+mass body kinetic characteristics in vortex, test difficulty, the risk of experimentation cost and flight test are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind-tunnel technique, specifically a kind of tightrope kinetic characteristic experimental study method in vortex.
Background technique
The case where tightrope mass body moves in vortex can all occur in many situations, after dropping from the air such as carrier personnel
The ripcord for staying in hatch door vortex is exactly an example.But the research of such case does not relate in open source literature,
Technology related to the present invention is not retrieved in Chinese patent net yet.The difficult point of the research is, as previous example is mentioned
The case where staying in the ripcord of hatch door vortex after carrier personnel are airborne, is studied using physical size, under physical condition
It is extremely difficult.
Summary of the invention
A kind of kinetic characteristic experimental study method that the purpose of the present invention is to provide tightropes in vortex, it is above-mentioned to solve
The problem of being proposed in background technique.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of kinetic characteristic test in vortex of tightrope is ground
Study carefully method, including a set of similar quasi- survey:
For soft cord model+mass body model sport characteristic in guarantee simulation flowing and similar in practical situations, palpus
Meeting equal similarity criterion includes:
A, geometric similarity, the geometric form of Complex Flows whirlpool area geometry, soft cord+quality body Model
Shape is similar to prototype.
B, Froude number Fr
It is determined by adjusting wind speed v.
C, dimensionless tightrope linear mass
D, dimensionless tightrope density
For calculating the density of soft cord model, quality body Model.
D, dimensionless weight πG
The weight of quality body Model on mainly soft cord model need to meet the criterion.
E, dimensionless tightrope elasticity modulus πE
The elasticity modulus requirement to soft cord model can be met by selecting suitable material.
F, Si Tehaer number Sr
Further, including a set of calculation formula:
According to cord model soft in formula (1) and quality body Model and practical soft cord and mass body in the present invention
Froude number Fr is equal and gm=gf, the speed of wind-tunnel is when can must test
According to the dimensionless tightrope linear mass of the soft cord model of formula (2) and practical soft cordPhase
Deng can obtain
According to the density of the soft cord model of formula (3) and practical soft cordIt is equal, it can obtain
Under conditions of soft cord model and practical soft cord geometric similarity, ρs=ρl/ A, A are the transversal of soft rope
Area, formula (8) and (9) are consistent, it can guarantee its unit length matter by guaranteeing the density of geometric similarity tightrope
Amount.
According to dimensionless weight formula (4), soft cord model and mass body model are by gravity GmIt is thin with practical softness
Gravity G suffered by rope and mass bodyfThe ratio between and aerodynamic coefficient c equal with the ratio between respective air powerRm=cRfIt is equal to obtain
Gm=kρkl 3Gf (10)
It is equal with practical soft cord dimensionless tightrope elasticity modulus according to the soft cord model of formula (5), it can obtain
Em=kρklEf (11)
For calculating the elasticity modulus of soft cord model.
Angular frequency, frequency and the characteristic time of soft cord model+mass body model sport can be obtained according to formula (6)
ωm=(kv/kl)ωf,fm=(kv/kl)ff,tm=(kl/kv)ff。 (12)
Further, including a kind of practical soft cord parameter measurement and soft cord modelling, production:
A, measuring instrument
Vernier caliper (precision 0.02mm), height gauge (precision 0.01mm), electronic balance (precision 0.05g).
B, the linear mass of the practical soft cord of measurementWith elastic modulus Ef
The homogeneous part of the practical soft cord of 1m long is taken, its geometric dimension and quality are measured.Practical soft cord it is wide, it is thick,
Quality, weight obtain practical softness cord linear mass, density.The elasticity modulus of practical softness cord by
It determines, F, A, E, Δ l, l are respectively active force, cross-sectional area, elasticity modulus, rope elongation amount and length.It is practical soft
Soft cord one end aid, other end load/unload counterweight measure practical soft cord length variable quantity, calculate in triplicate
Obtain the elastic modulus E of practical softness cordf.When practical soft cord is braided fabric, certain plastic deformation can be generated, because
Each load/unload interval is controlled 90 seconds when this measurement.It is averaged, obtains to the data that load and uninstall process obtain three times
To average practical soft cord elastic modulus E.
C, required soft cord model linear massWith elastic modulus EmIt calculates
It after known practical flowing velocity, tables look-up to obtain atmospheric density under different spaces height, by the public affairs for meeting Fr number
Formula (7) calculates the test speed of wind-tunnel, according to soft cord model and practical soft cord elasticity modulus and linear mass
Relationship, formula (8), (9), (11) obtain soft cord model unit length densityDensityAnd elastic modulus Em。
D, the linear mass of alternative soft cord modelWith elastic modulus EmMeasurement and selection
It chooses various types of materials to be tested, measure geometry size, elasticity modulus and the density (geometry of soft cord model
Shape do not guarantee also it is similar, therefore survey its density).Its measurement process is consistent with practical soft cord measurement method；
By the elasticity modulus of above-mentioned selection material measurement and the density and springform of density and the soft cord model of calculating
Amount compares, and finds material similar in the two, for making soft cord model, and when production meets geometric similarity, can meet soft
The rigidity and quality requirement of similarity of soft cord model and practical soft cord.The matter such as subsidiary lock, card on practical softness cord
Meet geometric similarity when the design of amount body, processing, while calculating mass body model weight according to formula (10) and being met.
Further, the wind tunnel test simulation including kinetic characteristic in a kind of soft cord vortex:
Soft cord model+quality body Model that front is made is mounted on simulation vortex similar with practical vortex
After Qu Zhong, such as the aircraft door opened, various angular regions, simulation vortex and the geometric dimension of practical vortex meet geometry
Similar, this includes that model aircraft geometric similarity and its various posture and attachment angle are equal, such as the angle of attack, yaw angle, rolling
Angle, high lift device angle, aileron angle etc. are equal.By soft cord model+quality body Model and ontology model, such as aircraft mould
Type is mounted in wind-tunnel by support, and wind tunnel operation wind speed is calculated by formula (7), runs wind-tunnel, soft cord model+quality
Body Model generates the movement such as rotation, Dutch roll in vortex, passes through the camera record softness cord with enough frame numbers per second
Model+quality body Model motion conditions can be used for practical softness cord+mass body, as stayed at carrier hatch door
The analysis of the characteristics of motion of ripcord.In addition to the qualitative motion feature that can obtain soft cord+mass body, it can also obtain
The quantitative parameters such as its swing circle and radius of turn, Dutch roll frequency and Dutch roll amplitude.Radius of turn and Dutch roll amplitude press geometry phase
Soft cord+mass body motion conditions, swing circle, Dutch roll frequency and angular frequency can be converted in practical vortex like relationship
The amount relevant to time scale such as rate can be converted to actual conditions by formula (12).
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention proposes a kind of wind-tunnel examination of cord+mass body motion study soft in the flowing for having complicated whirlpool
Proved recipe method, the method can be used for studying soft cord+mass body characteristics of motion in complicated swirl flow, such as research transport flies
Machine personnel stayed ripcord Dutch roll characteristic after disembarking, goes out cabin safety for appraiser and provides technical data；
2, the present invention proposes the wind tunnel test methods similarity criterion to be met of soft cord+mass body motion study, packet
Include geometric similarity, Froude number, dimensionless tightrope linear mass, dimensionless tightrope density, dimensionless weight, dimensionless
Tightrope elasticity modulus, Si Tehaer number.Solve the Similar Problems for reducing model and test and actual conditions；
3, it proposes and reduces the speed of the wind-tunnel of model and test, the linear mass of soft cord, density, elasticity
Modulus and angular frequency, frequency and the calculation formula of characteristic time of soft cord model+mass body model sport；
4, practical softness cord parameter measurement and soft cord modelling, production method are proposed.It can make soft thin
Rope+mass body movement test carries out in laboratory；
5, the wind tunnel test analogy method of kinetic characteristic in soft cord vortex is proposed, and analog result is converted
The method moved into practical soft cord vortex.This is the key technology of guarantee test application of results.
Specific embodiment
The following is a clear and complete description of the technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is general
Logical technical staff every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, belongs to protection of the present invention
Range.
The present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of tightrope kinetic characteristic experimental study method in vortex, including one kind
Similar quasi- survey:
For soft cord model+mass body kinetic characteristic in guarantee simulation flowing and similar in practical situations, palpus satisfaction
Equal similarity criterion includes:
A, geometric similarity, the geometric form of Complex Flows whirlpool area geometry, soft cord+quality body Model
Shape is similar to prototype.
B, Froude number Fr
It is determined by adjusting wind speed v.
C, dimensionless tightrope linear mass
D, dimensionless tightrope density
For calculating the density of soft cord model, quality body Model.
D, dimensionless weight πG
The weight of quality body Model on mainly soft cord model need to meet the criterion.
E, dimensionless tightrope elasticity modulus πE
The elasticity modulus requirement to soft cord model can be met by selecting suitable material.
F, Si Tehaer number Sr
The present invention includes a set of calculation formula:
According to cord model soft in formula (1) and quality body Model and practical soft cord and mass body in the present invention
Froude number Fr is equal and gm=gf, the speed of wind-tunnel is when can must test
According to the dimensionless tightrope linear mass of the soft cord model of formula (2) and practical soft cordPhase
Deng can obtain
According to the density of the soft cord model of formula (3) and practical soft cordIt is equal, it can obtain
Under conditions of soft cord model and practical soft cord geometric similarity, ρs=ρl/ A, A are the transversal of soft rope
Area, formula (8) and (9) are consistent, it can guarantee its unit length matter by guaranteeing the density of geometric similarity tightrope
Amount.
According to dimensionless weight formula (4), soft cord model and mass body model are by gravity GmIt is thin with practical softness
Gravity G suffered by rope and mass bodyfThe ratio between and aerodynamic coefficient c equal with the ratio between respective air powerRm=cRfIt is equal to obtain
Gm=kρkl 3Gf (10)
It is equal with practical soft cord dimensionless tightrope elasticity modulus according to the soft cord model of formula (5), it can obtain
Em=kρklEf (11)
For calculating the elasticity modulus of soft cord model.
Angular frequency, frequency and the characteristic time of soft cord model+mass body model sport can be obtained according to formula (6)
ωm=(kv/kl)ωf,fm=(kv/kl)ff,tm=(kl/kv)ff (12)
The present invention includes a kind of practical soft cord parameter measurement and soft cord modelling, makes:
A, measuring instrument
Vernier caliper (precision 0.02mm), height gauge (precision 0.01mm), electronic balance (precision 0.05g).
B, the linear mass of the practical soft cord of measurementWith elastic modulus Ef
The homogeneous part of the practical soft cord of 1m long is taken, its geometric dimension and quality are measured.Practical soft cord it is wide, it is thick,
Quality, weight obtain practical softness cord linear mass, density.The elasticity modulus of practical softness cord by
It determines, F, A, E, Δ l, l are respectively active force, cross-sectional area, elasticity modulus, rope elongation amount and length.It is practical soft
Soft cord one end aid, other end load/unload counterweight measure practical soft cord length variable quantity, calculate in triplicate
Obtain the elastic modulus E of practical softness cordf.When practical soft cord is braided fabric, certain plastic deformation can be generated, because
Each load/unload interval is controlled 90 seconds when this measurement.It is averaged, obtains to the data that load and uninstall process obtain three times
To average practical soft cord elastic modulus E.
C, required soft cord model linear massWith elastic modulus EmIt calculates
It after known practical flowing velocity, tables look-up to obtain atmospheric density under different spaces height, by the public affairs for meeting Fr number
Formula (7) calculates the test speed of wind-tunnel, according to soft cord model and practical soft cord elasticity modulus and linear mass
Relationship, formula (8), (9), (11) obtain soft cord model unit length densityDensityAnd elastic modulus Em。
D, the linear mass of alternative soft cord modelWith elastic modulus EmMeasurement and selection
It chooses various types of materials to be tested, measure geometry size, elasticity modulus and the density (geometry of soft cord model
Shape do not guarantee also it is similar, therefore survey its density).Its measurement process is consistent with practical soft cord measurement method；
By the elasticity modulus of above-mentioned selection material measurement and the density and springform of density and the soft cord model of calculating
Amount compares, and finds material similar in the two, for making soft cord model, and when production meets geometric similarity, can meet soft
The rigidity and quality requirement of similarity of soft cord model and practical soft cord.The matter such as subsidiary lock, card on practical softness cord
Meet geometric similarity when the design of amount body, processing, while calculating mass body model weight according to formula (10) and being met.
The present invention includes a kind of wind tunnel test simulation of kinetic characteristic in soft cord vortex:
Soft cord model+quality body Model that front is made is mounted on simulation vortex similar with practical vortex
After Qu Zhong, such as the aircraft door opened, various angular regions, simulation vortex and the geometric dimension of practical vortex meet geometry
Similar, this includes that model aircraft geometric similarity and its various posture and attachment angle are equal, such as the angle of attack, yaw angle, rolling
Angle, high lift device angle, aileron angle etc. are equal.By soft cord model+quality body Model and ontology model, such as aircraft mould
Type is mounted in wind-tunnel by support, and wind tunnel operation wind speed is calculated by formula (7), runs wind-tunnel, soft cord model+quality
Body Model generates the movement such as rotation, Dutch roll in vortex, passes through the camera record softness cord with enough frame numbers per second
Model+quality body Model motion conditions can be used for practical softness cord+mass body, as stayed at carrier hatch door
The analysis of the characteristics of motion of ripcord.In addition to the qualitative motion feature that can obtain soft cord+mass body, it can also obtain
The quantitative parameters such as its swing circle and radius of turn, Dutch roll frequency and Dutch roll amplitude.Radius of turn and Dutch roll amplitude press geometry phase
Soft cord+mass body motion conditions, swing circle, Dutch roll frequency and angular frequency can be converted in practical vortex like relationship
The amount relevant to time scale such as rate can be converted to actual conditions by formula (12).
Working principle: the present invention proposes a kind of cord+mass body motion study soft in the flowing for having complicated whirlpool
Wind tunnel test methods, the method can be used for studying soft cord+mass body characteristics of motion in complicated swirl flow, such as study
Carrier personnel stayed ripcord rotation, Dutch roll characteristic after disembarking, go out cabin safety for appraiser and provide technical data；
It proposes the similarity criterion that test need to meet, provides and guarantee model test modelling parameter similar with actual conditions, flowing control
The calculation formula of parameter processed etc.；Mould is compared in the contracting that this method can be used for all soft cord+mass body kinetic characteristics in vortex
Type experimental study reduces test difficulty, the risk of experimentation cost and flight test；After carrier personnel parachute jumping, aircraft is stayed in
Dutch roll under the action of ripcord near hatch door is vortexed near opening hatch door constitutes prestige to the safety that subsequent personnel disembark
The side of body；By this method, the kinetic characteristic of ripcord under flying condition can be reproduced, to improve in wind-tunnel with the model reduced
Hatch door backwash, selection ripcord, hang of rope etc. provide technological means, the safety that raising personnel disembark.
Annotation: v, flowing velocity；G, acceleration of gravity；L, the characteristic length of soft cord+mass body；ρl, soft cord
Linear mass；The density of ρ s, soft cord；The density of ρ, fluid；G, the weight of mass body；S, air force is relevant
Area of reference；cR, aerodynamic coefficient；E, the elasticity modulus of soft cord；ω, angular frequency；K, physical quantity similar proportion is indicated
Coefficient, under be designated as corresponding physical quantity；F, frequency；T, the time；Subscript m indicates the parameter for corresponding to model test；Subscript
F, the parameter for corresponding to physical condition is indicated.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality
Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
There are any actual relationship or orders.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to
Cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment for including a series of elements not only includes that
A little elements, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or
The intrinsic element of equipment.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of softness cord kinetic characteristic experimental study method in vortex, characterized by comprising:
For soft cord model+mass body model sport characteristic in guarantee simulation flowing and similar in practical situations, palpus satisfaction
The similarity criterion proposed is equal；
Propose a set of calculation formula for calculating test parameters；
Prepare for test, the density and elasticity of the elasticity modulus and density and the soft cord model of calculating of material measurement will be chosen
Modulus compares, and finds material similar in the two, for making soft cord model, and when production meets geometric similarity, can meet
The rigidity and quality requirement of similarity of soft cord model and practical soft cord；
Other than the qualitative motion feature of available soft cord+mass body, kinetic characteristic in the soft cord vortex of design
Wind tunnel test simulation can also obtain the quantitative parameters such as its swing circle and radius of turn, Dutch roll frequency and Dutch roll amplitude.
2. a kind of tightrope according to claim 1 kinetic characteristic experimental study method in vortex, it is characterised in that: described
Similarity criterion includes:
A, geometric similarity, Complex Flows whirlpool area geometry, the geometry of soft cord+quality body Model are similar to prototype.
B, Froude number Fr
It is determined by adjusting wind speed v.
C, dimensionless tightrope linear mass
D, dimensionless tightrope density
For calculating the density of soft cord model, quality body Model.
D, dimensionless weight πG
The weight of quality body Model on mainly soft cord model need to meet the criterion.
E, dimensionless tightrope elasticity modulus πE
The elasticity modulus requirement to soft cord model can be met by selecting suitable material.
F, Si Tehaer number Sr
3. a kind of tightrope according to claim 1 or 2 kinetic characteristic experimental study method in vortex, it is characterised in that:
The calculation formula according to the present invention according to cord model soft in formula (1) and quality body Model and practical soft cord and
The Froude number Fr of mass body is equal and gm=gf, the speed of wind-tunnel is when can must test
According to the dimensionless tightrope linear mass of the soft cord model of formula (2) and practical soft cordIt is equal, it can obtain
According to the density of the soft cord model of formula (3) and practical soft cordIt is equal, it can obtain
Under conditions of soft cord model and practical soft cord geometric similarity, ρs=ρl/ A, A are the cross-sectional areas of soft rope,
Formula (8) and (9) are consistent.
4. a kind of tightrope according to claim 2 or 3 kinetic characteristic experimental study method in vortex, it is characterised in that:
The calculation formula further includes according to dimensionless weight formula (4), and soft cord model and mass body model are by gravityWith
Gravity suffered by practical softness cord and mass bodyThe ratio between and aerodynamic coefficient equal with the ratio between respective air power
It is equal to obtain
It is equal with practical soft cord dimensionless tightrope elasticity modulus according to the soft cord model of formula (5), it can obtain
For calculating the elasticity modulus of soft cord model.
Angular frequency, frequency and the characteristic time of soft cord model+mass body model sport can be obtained according to formula (6)
5. a kind of tightrope according to claim 1 or 2 kinetic characteristic experimental study method in vortex, it is characterised in that:
The practical soft cord parameter measurement and soft cord modelling, production include measuring instrument, the practical soft cord of measurement
Linear massWith elastic modulus Ef, required soft cord model linear massWith elastic modulus EmMeter
It calculates, alternatively the linear mass of soft cord model and elastic modulus detection and selection, the measuring instrument include vernier calliper
Ruler, height gauge, electronic balance, the linear mass and elasticity modulus of the practical soft cord of measurement are by taking 1m long practical
The soft homogeneous part of cord, measures its geometric dimension and quality, obtains that practical softness cord is wide, thick, quality, weight, obtains reality
Soft cord linear mass, density, soft cord model linear mass needed for describedWith elastic modulus EmIt calculates
It after known practical flowing velocity, tables look-up to obtain atmospheric density under different spaces height, the formula (7) by meeting Fr number calculates
The test speed of wind-tunnel, according to soft cord model and practical soft cord elasticity modulus and linear mass relationship, formula
(8), (9), (11) obtain soft cord model unit length densityDensityAnd elastic modulus Em, selected soft thin
The linear mass of rope model and elastic modulus detection and selection are tested, measure geometry ruler by choosing various types of materials
Very little, elasticity modulus and density (geometry of soft cord model do not guarantee also it is similar, therefore survey its density).Its measurement process with
Practical softness cord measurement method is consistent.
6. a kind of tightrope according to claim 1 or 2 kinetic characteristic experimental study method in vortex, it is characterised in that:
The wind tunnel test simulation of kinetic characteristic is the following steps are included: step 1 in the softness cord vortex: the softness that front is made
Cord model+quality body Model is mounted in simulation vortex similar with practical vortex, after the aircraft door such as opened, respectively
Kind angular region etc., the geometric dimension of simulation vortex and practical vortex meets geometric similarity, this includes model aircraft geometric similarity
And its various posture and attachment angle it is equal；Step 2: like flying by soft cord model+quality body Model and ontology model
Machine model is mounted in wind-tunnel by support, and wind tunnel operation wind speed is calculated by formula (7), operation wind-tunnel, and soft cord model+
Quality body Model generates the movement such as rotation, Dutch roll in vortex；Step 3: pass through the camera record with enough frame numbers per second
The motion conditions of soft cord model+quality body Model can be used for practical softness cord+mass body, such as carrier hatch door
The analysis of the characteristics of motion for the ripcord that place is stayed；In addition to the qualitative motion feature that can obtain soft cord+mass body, may be used also
To obtain the quantitative parameters such as its swing circle and radius of turn, Dutch roll frequency and Dutch roll amplitude；Radius of turn and Dutch roll amplitude are pressed
Geometric similarity relationship can be converted in practical vortex soft cord+mass body motion conditions, swing circle, Dutch roll frequency and
The amount relevant to time scale such as angular frequency can be converted to actual conditions by formula (12).
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