CN109970769B - Diquinolinylphosphine cuprous (I) halide complex, preparation method and application thereof, OLED assembly method and photocatalyst - Google Patents

Diquinolinylphosphine cuprous (I) halide complex, preparation method and application thereof, OLED assembly method and photocatalyst Download PDF

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CN109970769B
CN109970769B CN201910184550.6A CN201910184550A CN109970769B CN 109970769 B CN109970769 B CN 109970769B CN 201910184550 A CN201910184550 A CN 201910184550A CN 109970769 B CN109970769 B CN 109970769B
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柳利
郭邦克
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of copper complexes, and particularly relates to a biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous (I) halide complex, a preparation method and application thereof, an OLED assembly method and a photocatalyst. The present invention provides tetracoordinated mononuclear dinoquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous halide complexes [ cux (ppdq)) ] (ppdq ═ 8- [ phenyl (8-quinolinyl) phosphino ] quinoline, X ═ I (1), Br (2), and Cl (3)). The provided complex emits blue-green to red-violet light at room temperature, and the maximum emission wavelength is 503-800 nm. The three complexes have better thermal stability and good catalytic performance.

Description

Diquinolinylphosphine cuprous (I) halide complex, preparation method and application thereof, OLED assembly method and photocatalyst
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of copper complexes, and particularly relates to a biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous (I) halide complex, a preparation method and application thereof, an OLED assembly method and a photocatalyst.
Background
The use of transition metal complexes in Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) has attracted considerable attention over the last decades. Particularly, heavy transition metals such as iridium (III) and pt (ii), etc., can trap triplet emission due to excellent spin-orbit coupling, theoretically can obtain 100% internal quantum efficiency, and are considered to greatly improve the external quantum efficiency of the electroluminescent device. However, iridium and platinum are expensive and low in natural abundance, which hinders the popularization and application of OLEDs to some extent. The selection of a metal with high natural abundance and low price, such as a copper complex, as a substitute has become a current research hotspot.
Copper (I) as typical d10Metals that can be used to construct materials with low MLCT excited states and small singlet-triplet energy gaps (Δ E)ST) And can efficiently trap triplet excitons that generate Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) emission.
The development of catalytic technology in the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater has received much attention. Some results indicate that the copper (I) complex is an effective catalyst for degradation of organic dyes. For example, Cui reports a series of cu (i) complexes that exhibit excellent photocatalytic degradation activity of Methylene Blue (MB) under uv light irradiation. The preparation of neutral copper (I) complexes using different halogen and phosphine nitrogen ligands remains a challenge. TADF in copper complexes remains difficult to predict because it is a property of the excited state.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous (I) halide complex, a preparation method and application thereof, an OLED assembly method and a photocatalyst.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the copper (I) biquinoline phenylphosphine halide complex is characterized by having the following structural general formula:
Figure GDA0002071647370000021
wherein, X is chlorine, bromine or iodine.
The four-coordination mononuclear biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous halide complex provided by the technical scheme has good thermal stability and catalytic performance, and can be used as an OLED luminescent material. The general chemical formula of the provided complexes is cux (ppdq), ppdq ═ 8- [ phenyl (8-quinolyl) phosphino ] quinoline, X ═ I (complex 1), Br (complex 2) and Cl (complex 3).
Preferably, X is bromine.
The complex provided by the technical scheme has good thermal stability and catalytic performance, has a TADF (TADF) effect, and can be used as an OLED (organic light emitting diode) luminescent material. The invention also provides a preparation method of the copper (I) biquinoline phenylphosphine halide complex, which has the following reaction formula:
Figure GDA0002071647370000022
wherein, X is chlorine, bromine or iodine.
The biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous halide (I) complex can be conveniently prepared by the method. The prepared di-quinoline phenylphosphine cuprous (I) halide complex has good thermal stability and catalytic performance, and can be used as an OLED luminescent material.
Preferably, X is bromine.
The complex prepared by the technical scheme has good thermal stability and catalytic performance, has TADF effect, and can be used as an OLED luminescent material.
The invention also provides application of the biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous (I) halide complex as an organic light-emitting diode material.
The biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous halide (I) complex can emit blue-green to red-violet light at room temperature, the maximum emission wavelength is 503-800nm, and luminescence mainly comes from MLCT, XLCT and charge transition in a ligand and can be used as a luminescent material.
The invention also provides an assembly method of the OLED, which comprises the following steps: the biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous (I) halide complex provided by the invention is evaporated by a vacuum evaporation method.
The biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous (I) halide complex provided by the invention can be used as an OLED luminescent material, has high thermal decomposition temperature and good thermal stability, and can be used for assembling an OLED by a vacuum evaporation method.
The invention also provides application of the biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous (I) halide complex as a photocatalyst.
The complex provided by the invention is a good photocatalyst for decomposing dye under natural light, and the highest catalytic efficiency reaches 90%.
The invention also provides a photocatalyst which comprises the biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous halide (I) complex.
The complex provided by the invention is a good photocatalyst for decomposing dye under natural light, and can be used as a photocatalyst or a component of a composite photocatalyst.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an ORTEP diagram of complex 1 in practice.
FIG. 2 is an ORTEP diagram of Complex 2 in practice.
FIG. 3 is an ORTEP diagram of complex 3 in practice.
FIG. 4 shows ppdq and complexes 1-3 in CH at room temperature2Cl2Absorption spectrum of (1).
FIG. 5 is the emission spectrum of complexes 1-3 in the solid state at 295K.
FIG. 6 is the emission spectrum of complex 1-3 in the solid state at 77K.
FIG. 7 is a CIE diagram of complexes 1-3.
FIG. 8 is a TGA profile of complexes 1-3.
FIG. 9 shows the degradation of methylene blue catalyzed by complexes 1-3.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Reagent: all reagents were commercially available and analytically pure. Tetrahydrofuran was used before water was re-evaporated over sodium wire under nitrogen atmosphere and benzophenone was used as indicator. Ligand ppdq was synthesized according to literature methods (x.l.wang, j.luan, f.f.sui, h.y.lin, g.c.liu, c.xu, crystal.growth des.2013,13,3561).
The instrument comprises the following steps: the infrared spectrum was obtained by means of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (KBr pellet) of the BX FI-IR type from Perkin Elmet of USA,1h and31p NMR spectra were obtained using a Varian 500MHz NMR spectrometer using deuterium-loaded reagent lock fields and references, chemical shifts were measured in ppm and H spectra were measured in SiMe4As a standard, the phosphorus spectrum is 85% H3PO4Is a standard. The high resolution mass spectrum adopts a Bruker Autoflex MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, and the elemental analysis adopts a Vario Micro Cube elemental analyzer. The single crystal structure of the complex 1-3 adopts a Bruker APEX DUO diffractometer. The ultraviolet visible spectrum adopts a Unicam He lambda ios alpha spectrometer, and the photoluminescence spectrum adopts an FLS920 steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectrometer. The solid state quantum efficiency is measured by using a Hamamatsu system and an integrating sphere. Thermogravimetric analysis A Perkin-Elmer Diamond TG/DTA thermal analyzer was used.
Synthesis of Complex 1
Cuprous iodide (0.105g,0.55mmol) was added to 30mL CH in which ppdq (0.200g,0.55mmol) was dissolved2Cl2Stirring the mixture at room temperature in the dark to form a red suspension, filtering the reaction mixture, removing the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain a red powder, and adding CH2Cl2Recrystallization gave 0.257g, 84.3% red crystals.1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:9.24(d,J=4Hz,2H),8.63(d,J=10Hz,2H),8.38(t,J=5Hz,2H),8.21(d,J=10Hz,2H),7.80(t,J=5Hz,4H),7.52(d,J=5Hz,5H).31P NMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6),δ=-41.05(s).Anal.Calcd for C24H17CuIN2P:C,51.95;H,3.09;N,5.05.Found:C,51.98;H,3.11;N,5.07.MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z calcd for[C24H17CuIN2P]+553.9470 Found 554.1203, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1.
Synthesis of Complex 2
Cuprous bromide (0.079g,0.55mmol) was added to 30mL CH in which ppdq (0.200g,0.55mmol) was dissolved2Cl2In the solution, the mixture is stirred at room temperature in the dark to form red suspensionFiltering the reaction mixture, removing the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain red powder, and dissolving with CH2Cl2Recrystallization gave 0.238g, 85.3% red crystals.1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:9.18(d,J=3Hz,2H),8.61(d,J=10Hz,2H),8.36(t,J=8Hz,2H),8.20(d,J=5Hz,2H),7.79(t,J=8Hz,4H),7.52-7.45(m,5H).31P NMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6),δ=-42.61(s).Anal.Calcd for C24H17CuBrN2P:C,56.76;H,3.37;N,5.52.Found:C,56.78;H,3.38;N,5.53.MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z calcd for[C24H17CuBrN2P]+505.9609 mount: 506.1057, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 2.
Synthesis of Complex 3
Cuprous chloride (0.054g,0.55mmol) was added to 30mL CH in which ppdq (0.200g,0.55mmol) was dissolved2Cl2Stirring the mixture at room temperature in the dark to form a red suspension, filtering the reaction mixture, removing the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain a red powder, and adding CH2Cl2Recrystallization gave 0.213g, 83.9% red crystals.1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:9.39(s,2H),8.25(d,J=10Hz,4H),7.92(d,J=10Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=25Hz,4H),7.50-7.34(m,5H).31PNMR(200MHz,DMSO-d6),δ=-38.77(s).Anal.Calcd for C24H17CuBrN2P:C,62.21;H,3.70;N,6.05.Found:C,62.24;H,3.71;N,6.07.MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z calcd for[C24H17CuClN2P]+462.0114.Found:462.0186. the structure is shown in FIG. 3.
Catalytic experiment
The catalytic activity of complexes 1-3 was tested using Methylene Blue (MB) as an organic contaminant model. The catalytic activity of complexes 1-3 was tested. 50mL of methylene blue aqueous solution (10mg/L) and 15mg of each of complexes 1 to 3 were added to 3 100mL round-bottom flasks at room temperature, and 2mL of 30% H was added to each flask2O2The solution pH was adjusted to 3 with concentrated sulfuric acid. Under the experimental conditions, complexes 1-3 were not soluble in the reaction mixture. At regular intervals, 4.0mL of the reaction solution was removed and filtered to remove residual catalystAn oxidizing agent. The change in the concentration of Methylene Blue (MB) was monitored by measuring the uv-visible spectrum of the solution using uv spectrophotometer and detecting the absorbance at 662 nm. As a control experiment under the same conditions, the process was repeated without catalyst. The degradation efficiency of Methylene Blue (MB) was evaluated according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0002071647370000061
wherein C is0(mg·L-1) Is the initial concentration of methylene blue, Ct(mg·L-1) Is the concentration of methylene blue at the reaction time t (h).
Characterization of
1 equivalent of ppdq ligand was mixed with 1 equivalent of CuX (X ═ I for 1, Br for 2, Cl for 3) in dichloromethane, and after isolation and purification, complex 1-3 was obtained with a yield of 83.9-85.3%. All cu (i) complexes are air stable and of high purity, soluble in common organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile and DMSO. The structures of the compounds are characterized by nuclear magnetism, mass spectrum, single crystal X-ray diffraction and the like.
The structures of complexes 1-3 are shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, respectively. The crystal data and partial bond length and bond angle data are shown in tables 1 and 2. The mononuclear copper (I) center is connected to one P, two N and one halogen atom, exhibiting a highly distorted tetrahedral coordination. The bond angle of N-Cu-P is 85.06-86.79 DEG, which is much lower than the bond angle of a regular tetrahedron, because the ligand ppdq has a small bite angle. As shown in Table 2, the Cu-X bond length of complexes 1-3 increases with the increase of the Van der Waals radius of the halogen. 1. The dihedral angles between the P-Cu-X plane and the 2 quinoline rings in 2 and 3 were 63.21/53.65, respectively; 58.29 deg./50.67 deg. and 54.09 deg./53.65 deg.. 1 and 3, with the closest distances of I-to-H and Cl-to-H, respectively
Figure GDA0002071647370000071
And
Figure GDA0002071647370000072
in the solid state, the water-soluble polymer,1-3, an intermolecular C-H … pi interaction exists between the quinoline ring and the benzene ring, wherein the closest C-to-H distances are respectively
Figure GDA0002071647370000073
Figure GDA0002071647370000074
And
Figure GDA0002071647370000075
all these intermolecular forces cause the complex to form a 1D chain structure along the a, b and c axes, respectively.
TABLE 1 Crystal data for complexes 1-3
Figure GDA0002071647370000076
Figure GDA0002071647370000081
TABLE 2 partial bond lengths and bond angles of complexes 1 to 3
Figure GDA0002071647370000082
Photophysical properties
FIG. 4 shows ligands ppdq and complexes 1-3 at room temperature in CH2Cl2Absorption spectrum of (1). The concentration of the ligand and the complex is 5X 10-5M, absorption spectrum of ppdq at 335nm (ε 4.50 × 103M-1cm-1) Has a wide strong band, which is the characteristic absorption ultraviolet peak of the quinoline phosphine and phenyl phosphine compounds. This absorption band can be attributed to the charge transitions of pi → pi and n → pi in the ligand ppdq. The absorption spectrum of the complex 1-3 is 303-305nm [. epsilon. - (1.52-2.21) × 10-3M-1cm-1]Has a strong absorption band at 385-572nm and a weaker absorption tail band at 385-572nm, which is attributable to the fact that the transition is caused by MLCT, XLCT and ligand。
FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show the excitation wavelength λexc345nm, the solid state emission spectra of the complexes 1-3 at 295K and 77K, and Table 3 shows the maximum emission wavelength, the lifetimes of 295K and 77K, the quantum efficiency, and the calculated data of the time-density functional theory (TDDFT) obtained by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The complex emits blue-green to red-violet light from 1-3 at room temperature, the maximum emission wavelength is 503-800nm, and the quantum yield at room temperature is less than 0.01. The luminescence intensity of complexes 1 and 3 is significantly weaker than 2. The emission spectrum of the complex 1-3 is wide, and the emission excited state has charge transfer characteristics. Based on TDDFT calculations, the emission excited states of 1-3 are attributed to MLCT and XLCT and charge transitions within the ligand. 1-3 has an emission maximum wavelength order of 1>2>3, opposite order of field strengths of the halogen ligands (I)<Br<Cl)。
Based on the fluorescence spectrum of the complex 1-3 at 295K, the chromaticity coordinate values are (0.3336,0.1868), (0.653,0.3409), (0.2345,0.3512), respectively, as shown in FIG. 7. At 77K, complexes 1-3 emitted at 800,576 and 490nm, the emission bands of complexes 2 and 3 were blue-shifted (13-87nm) compared to the maximum emission wavelength at room temperature, probably because the energy release from the excited state due to the structural change caused by vibration and rotation was suppressed at low temperatures. We have found that the lifetime of complex 2 at 295K (1.8 μ s) is 1 order of magnitude shorter than the lifetime of 77K (49.5 μ s), providing evidence of TADF for complex 2. In comparison to complex 2, at 77K, complexes 1 and 3 emitted much less intense light than complex 2 and much less intense light than 295K. The luminescence lifetime of complex 1 was 10.3ns, corresponding to fast fluorescence, not TADF. Whereas the 77 lifetime (3.0us) of complex 3 is lower than the room temperature lifetime (48.1us), in contrast to complex 2 with TADF, it is possible that T of complex 31Unstable, resulting in shortened life. S calculated by TDDFT0,S1And T1The change of bond length bond angle in this state can be seen in that the bond length bond angles of complexes 1 and 3 are greatly changed, and more energy is dissipated by vibration rotation and the like, which is also the main reason for the weak luminescence of complexes 1 and 3.
Table 3.Photophysical data of 1–3in the solid state.
Figure GDA0002071647370000091
aWavelength of emission peak indicates that the emission peak is shoulder peak or weak peak
bMean life τave=∑BiTi 2/∑BiTi,TiShown in parentheses, experimental error ± 5%.
cAbsolute quantum efficiency in solid state, experimental error ± 5%.
dNanosecond
Thermal properties
The good thermal stability of the complexes is very important for the application of OLEDs, and therefore the thermal properties of complexes 1 to 3, the initial decomposition temperature (T) of complexes 1 to 3, were investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) in a nitrogen streamdec) As determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under a nitrogen stream, as shown in figure 8. T of Complex 1-3decAt 379 ℃ and 391 ℃, significant weight loss was exhibited between 452 ℃ and 484 ℃, approximately 57-66% weight loss, attributable to loss of ppdq ligand. The high thermal decomposition temperature indicates that the complex 1-3 has good thermal stability, and the OLED can be assembled by adopting a vacuum evaporation method.
Catalytic properties
Methylene Blue (MB) is commonly used to evaluate the catalytic activity of catalysts in wastewater purification, so we chose MB as a dye pollutant model to study the catalytic properties of complexes 1-3 in detail under natural light. MB has a characteristic absorption at approximately 662nm and is used to monitor the degradation process. Furthermore, under the same conditions as the control experiment, the degradation of MB without any addition of complex was also investigated. In the control experiment, no significant decrease in MB absorbance values was shown over the time frame of the experiment. However, when the complexes 1 to 3 were added to the MB solution, the absorption peaks of MB gradually decreased with the increase of the reaction time, indicating that the complexes 1 to 3 were catalytically active for the degradation of MB. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the change in the concentration (C) of MB with the reaction time (t). It can be seen that over time, the MB concentration is clearly apparent in the presence of complexes 1-3And decreases. At pH 3, MB decomposed approximately 81%, 83%, and 90% in complexes 1-3, respectively, over 24 hours. Without the addition of the complex, the degradation efficiency of MB was only 6.7%. This indicates H2O2The MB dye alone cannot be degraded. The results of catalytic experiments show that the complex 1-3 is a good catalyst for decomposing dyes. The experimental results show that the catalytic effect is 3>2>1。
The invention provides a series of novel neutral mononuclear four-coordination biquinoline phenylphosphine cuprous halide (I) complexes. The complex 1-3 emits blue-green to red-violet light at room temperature, and the maximum emission wavelength is 503-800 nm. Luminescence mainly originates from MLCT, XLCT and charge transition in ligand. The complex 2 has TADF effect at room temperature, and the luminescence of the complex 1 belongs to fast fluorescence. The three complexes have good thermal stability. The low luminescence quantum yield (<0.01) is mainly due to the poor rigid environment around the copper center, which leads to radiationless deactivation. The catalytic experiment result shows that under natural light, the complex 1-3 is a good catalyst for decomposing dye, and the catalytic efficiency is up to 90 percent at most.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (8)

1. The copper (I) biquinoline phenylphosphine halide complex is characterized by having the following structural general formula:
Figure FDA0001992409480000011
wherein, X is chlorine, bromine or iodine.
2. Copper (I) biquinolinylphosphine halide complex according to claim 1, characterized in that: x is bromine.
3. The preparation method of the copper (I) biquinoline phenylphosphine halide complex is characterized by comprising the following reaction formula:
Figure FDA0001992409480000012
wherein, X is chlorine, bromine or iodine.
4. The process for preparing copper (I) biquinolinylphosphine halides according to claim 3, characterized in that: x is bromine.
5. Use of a copper (I) bis-quinolinylphosphine halide complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: as organic light emitting diode materials.
6. A method of assembling an OLED comprising the steps of: evaporating the copper (I) biquinolinylphosphine halide complex as described in claim 1 or 2 by a vacuum evaporation method to obtain an OLED light-emitting layer.
7. Use of a copper (I) diquinolinylphosphine halide complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: as a photocatalyst.
8. A photocatalyst comprising the copper (I) biquinolinylphosphine halide complex according to claim 1 or 2.
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