CN109964015A

CN109964015A - The power delivery apparatus and related system and method for reciprocating engine

Info

Publication number: CN109964015A
Application number: CN201680089901.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: N.A.萨布德斯; R.T.K.桑德斯
Original assignee: Anfield Engine Co Ltd
Current assignee: Anfield Engine Co Ltd
Priority date: 2016-08-08
Filing date: 2016-08-08
Publication date: 2019-07-02
Also published as: BR112019002562A2; EP3497313A1; WO2018030985A1; EP3497313A4; JP2019530821A

Abstract

In some respects, reciprocating engine may include for generating the driving mechanism that rotary motion exports from reciprocating piston component, and wherein the driving mechanism includes the y-axis component of axial translation, to move back and forth with piston component along y-axis；X-axis component: i) it is configured to move back and forth basically perpendicular to y-axis, ii) with ring gear and iii) with the joint element that rotates with ring gear essentially concentric；Output shaft assembly has the output pinion tangentially engaging with ring gear；And the fixed engagement component with output shaft assembly essentially concentric, fixed engagement component and the joint element handover that rotates, the handover between fixed engagement component and the joint element that rotates keep the contact between ring gear and output pinion to x-axis component applied force.

Description

The power delivery apparatus and related system and method for reciprocating engine

Related application

The application is entitled " the Power Delivery Devices for Reciprocating submitted on June 3rd, 2014 The power delivery apparatus and related system of Engines and Related Systems and Methods(reciprocating engine And method) " U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 14/294,977 part continuation application, U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 14/ 294,977 require entitled " the Power Delivery Devices for Reciprocating submitted on June 3rd, 2013 The power delivery apparatus and related system of Engines and Related Systems and Methods(reciprocating engine And method) " U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/830,456 equity, hereby the two application contents pass through reference Mode be totally integrating herein.

Technical field

The disclosure relates generally to reciprocating engines, and more particularly, to the power for reciprocating engine Conveying device and relevant system and method.

Background technique

Reciprocating engine turns the linear reciprocal movement of the one or more pistons translated in cylinder usually using crankshaft Change the rotary motion of crankshaft into, vice versa.For example, internal combustion engine (I/C engine) is the most common reciprocating engine class Type.Reciprocating engine is commonly used in the chemical energy or thermal energy that will discharge in various fuel (such as gasoline) combustion process (such as Energy from steam) be converted into kinetic energy (such as mechanical rotation movement), can be more readily used for mobile object (such as Promote object).The crankshaft of reciprocating engine is generally coupled to the engine components of output device, and the output device is for moving Move various devices or vehicle, automobile, generator, truck, aircraft, electric welding machine, steamer, bull-dozer, motorcycle, ship etc..

Summary of the invention

In some respects, reciprocating engine may include the engine cylinder body for limiting at least one cylinder；At at least one At least one piston component moved back and forth in cylinder；And rotation fortune is generated for inputting from the reciprocating motion of piston component The driving mechanism of dynamic output, wherein the driving mechanism includes the y-axis component of axial translation, the y-axis component of the axial translation It is configured to move back and forth relative to pedestal along y-axis with the reciprocating motion input of piston component, y-axis component is slidably attached It is connected to pedestal；X-axis component, is slidably attached to y-axis component and as y-axis component is translated along y-axis, the x-axis Line component: i) it is configured to move back and forth relative to y-axis component basically perpendicular to y-axis, ii) it include ring gear, and It iii) include the joint element that rotates being arranged with ring gear essentially concentric；Output shaft assembly, the output shaft assembly rotatably couple To pedestal, and have output pinion, the output pinion and ring gear handover and it is tangentially engaging；And fixed engagement component, The fixed engagement component is connected to pedestal or is integrally formed along pedestal, and with output shaft assembly essentially concentric, this is fixed The joint element handover and tangentially engaging of rotating of joint element and x-axis component, the fixed engagement component and x-axis component around Turn the handover between joint element to x-axis component applied force, to rotate in ring gear around output pinion and drive output Keep the contact between ring gear and output pinion to drive the driving gear of engine driving shaft assembly when pinion gear.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

Reciprocating engine can be opposed pistons multicylinder engine, and wherein the y-axis component of axial translation is connected to two A opposed pistons.Fixed engagement component includes rotatable element.Fixed engagement component may include recess portion, rotate joint element with Recess portion handover.The joint element that rotates may include gear or roller.The pitch diameter of output pinion is substantially equal to back and forth The length of stroke of formula engine, and the pitch diameter of ring gear is substantially equal to the two of the length of stroke of reciprocating engine Times, and rotate the sum of joint element and the respective pitch diameter of fixed engagement component are substantially equal to rushing for reciprocating engine Cheng Changdu.Output shaft assembly may include torque transmitting gear, which is transmitted to torque from output shaft assembly The driving gear of engine driving shaft assembly.Torque transmitting gear includes sprocket wheel and chain assemblies.Pedestal may include engine cylinder A part of body.Y-axis component may include line style supporting surface, and y-axis component is as reciprocating motion input is relative to pedestal It is slided along the line style supporting surface.Line style supporting surface can limit y-axis component relative to pedestal in addition to moving back and forth Movement other than the direction of input.X-axis component may include line style supporting surface, and x-axis component supports table along the line style Face is basically perpendicular to the direction sliding for moving back and forth input.

In some respects, rotary motion output is generated for the reciprocating motion input of the piston component from reciprocating engine Driving mechanism may include axial translation y-axis component, the y-axis component of the axial translation is configured to piston group The reciprocating motion input of part is moved back and forth relative to pedestal along y-axis, and y-axis component is attached to pedestal；X-axis component is slided Be connected to y-axis component dynamicly and as y-axis component is translated along y-axis, the x-axis component: i) be configured to relative to Y-axis component is moved back and forth basically perpendicular to y-axis, ii) include ring gear and iii) it include being set with ring gear essentially concentric The joint element that rotates set；Output shaft assembly, is rotationally coupled to pedestal, and has output pinion, output pinion with Ring gear handover is simultaneously tangentially engaging；And fixed engagement component, the fixed engagement component are connected to pedestal or along pedestal one Ground is formed, and with output shaft assembly essentially concentric, the fixed engagement component and x-axis component rotate joint element handover simultaneously It is tangentially engaging, handover between the fixed engagement component and the joint element that rotates of x-axis component to x-axis component applied force, To keep cutting between ring gear and output pinion when ring gear rotates around output pinion and drives output pinion The drive shaft of engine is driven to engagement.

In some respects, it is used to input from reciprocating motion and generates rotary motion output and/or be used for from Rotary motion input Generating and moving back and forth the driving mechanism of output may include: axial translation y-axis component, be configured to defeated with moving back and forth Enter and moved back and forth relative to pedestal along y-axis, y-axis component is attached to pedestal；X-axis component, is slidably attached to y-axis Component and with y-axis component along y-axis translate, the x-axis component: i) be configured to substantially vertical relative to y-axis component Moved back and forth in y-axis, ii) include ring gear and iii) it include the joint element that rotates being arranged with ring gear essentially concentric； Output shaft assembly is rotationally coupled to pedestal, and has output pinion, and output pinion joins with ring gear and tangentially connects It closes；And fixed engagement component, the fixed engagement component are connected to pedestal or are integrally formed along pedestal, and with output Shaft assembly essentially concentric, the joint element handover and tangentially engaging of rotating of the fixed engagement component and x-axis component, which connects The handover between component and the joint element that rotates of x-axis component is closed to x-axis component applied force to surround output in ring gear It is kept when pinion gear rotates tangentially engaging between ring gear and output pinion.

In some respects, reciprocating compressor or pump can include: limit the cylinder block of at least one cylinder；At at least one At least one piston component moved back and forth in cylinder；And the reciprocating motion for generating piston component from Rotary motion input Driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism includes: the y-axis component of axial translation, and the y-axis component of the axial translation is constructed It is moved back and forth relative to pedestal along y-axis at the reciprocating motion input with piston component, y-axis component is slidably attached to base Seat；X-axis component, is slidably attached to y-axis component and as y-axis component is translated along y-axis, the x-axis component: I) be configured to relative to y-axis component basically perpendicular to y-axis move back and forth, ii) include ring gear and iii) include with The joint element that rotates of ring gear essentially concentric setting；Shaft assembly is inputted, which is rotationally coupled on pedestal, and With input pinion gear, the input pinion gear and ring gear handover and it is tangentially engaging；And fixed engagement component, the fixation connect Close component be connected to pedestal or be integrally formed along pedestal, and with input shaft assembly essentially concentric, the fixed engagement component With rotate joint element handover and tangentially engaging, the joint portion that rotates of the fixed engagement component and x-axis component of x-axis component Handover between part is to x-axis component applied force, to rotate and around the input pinion gear of input shaft assembly by defeated in ring gear Enter the contact kept between ring gear and output pinion when the input pinion gear driving of shaft assembly.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

Reciprocating engine may include opposed pistons multicylinder engine, and wherein the y-axis component of axial translation is connected to Two opposed pistons.Reciprocating engine can be internal combustion engine.Reciprocating engine can be in-line arrangement multi-cylinder burning hair Motivation.Fixed engagement component can be rotatable element.Rotatable element can be gear.Fixed engagement component can be recessed Portion, rotate joint element and recess portion handover.The joint element that rotates can be gear or roller.The joint element that rotates may include Shaft device.Shaft device can be fixedly coupled to x-axis component or be formed in x-axis component.Output pinion Pitch diameter is substantially equal to the length of stroke of reciprocating engine, and the pitch diameter of ring gear be substantially equal to it is reciprocating Twice of the length of stroke of engine, and rotating the sum of joint element and the respective pitch diameter of fixed engagement component can be substantially Equal to the length of stroke of reciprocating engine.Output shaft assembly may include torque transmitting gear, which will turn round Square is transmitted to drive shaft from output shaft assembly.Torque transmitting gear may include sprocket wheel and chain assemblies.Pedestal, which can be, to be started A part of machine cylinder body.Pedestal can be the component for being attached to engine cylinder body.Y-axis component may include line style bearing table Face, y-axis component with move back and forth relative to pedestal along the line style supporting surface slide.Line style supporting surface can limit Movement of the y-axis component relative to pedestal other than moving back and forth the direction of input.X-axis component may include line style bearing Surface, x-axis component are slided along the line style supporting surface basically perpendicular to the direction for moving back and forth input.

In some respects, the axial force by the reciprocating motion input from reciprocating motion element is converted into being applied to output shaft The torque of component and/or the torque applied from output shaft assembly is converted into be used for the axial direction of the reciprocating motion of reciprocating motion element The method of power may include: the y-axis component for applying axial force to move axial translation, the y-axis component quilt of the axial translation The reciprocating motion input for being configured so as to piston component is moved back and forth relative to pedestal along y-axis, and y-axis component slidably attaches To pedestal；Axial force is transmitted by x-axis component, which is slidably attached to y-axis component and with y-axis portion Part is translated along y-axis, the x-axis component: i) being configured to back and forth transport relative to y-axis component basically perpendicular to y-axis It is dynamic, ii) include ring gear and iii) it include the joint element that rotates being arranged with ring gear essentially concentric；By axial force transmission To output shaft assembly, output shaft assembly is rotationally coupled to pedestal and has output pinion, and output pinion and ring gear are handed over It connects and tangentially engaging, wherein being connected to pedestal or being integrally formed along pedestal and connect with the fixation of output shaft assembly essentially concentric The joint element handover and tangentially engaging of rotating of component and x-axis component is closed, fixed engagement component is with x-axis component around switching The handover between component is closed to x-axis component applied force, to be transmitted to as the torque being continuously applied from ring gear in axial force Keep tangentially engaging between ring gear and output pinion when output pinion, and vice versa.

Embodiment may include one or more of following.

Fixed engagement component may include rotatable element.The joint element that rotates may include gear or roller.Y-axis portion Part may include line style supporting surface, and y-axis component is slided relative to pedestal along the line style supporting surface with moving back and forth. X-axis component may include line style supporting surface, and x-axis component is defeated basically perpendicular to moving back and forth along the line style supporting surface The direction sliding entered.

In some respects, it is converted into the reciprocal axial force of the reciprocating motion from reciprocating motion element to be applied to output shaft Torque method may include: apply axial force so that axial translation component is opposite with the reciprocating motion of reciprocating motion element It is slided in output shaft, wherein axial translation component is axially coupled to the ring gear engaged with output shaft, and ring gear is constructed It is slided on the direction of the reciprocating motion basically perpendicular to reciprocating motion element relative to axial translation component；Using relative to The fixed idler sheave assemblies of ring gear essentially concentric keep the contact between ring gear and output shaft；And with axial translation component It slides axially with the ring gear for being connected to thereon relative to output shaft, ring gear is allowed to hang down substantially under the action of idler sheave assemblies Directly in the square upward sliding of the reciprocating motion of reciprocating motion element, so that ring gear moves back and forth the phase in reciprocating motion element Between rotate around output shaft, and constantly to output shaft apply torque.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

Permission ring gear may include permitting in the square upward sliding for the reciprocating motion for being substantially perpendicular to reciprocating motion element Perhaps ring gear is moved along one or more supporting surfaces relative to axial translation component.Using idler sheave assemblies keep ring gear with Contact between output shaft may include using fixed engagement component to the joint element that rotates being arranged with ring gear essentially concentric Applied force, the fixed engagement component are connected to pedestal or are integrally formed along pedestal, and with output shaft essentially concentric.

It in some respects, may include being turned round using maximum length from the method that the reciprocating engine of operation extracts mechanical work Torque torque is applied to the output shaft of reciprocating engine by square moment arm, when engine reciprocating motion element move back and forth with And when output shaft rotation, maximum length torque moment arm keeps substantially invariable length.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

Substantially invariable length can be essentially identical with the crank throw of the crankshaft of reciprocating engine.Use maximum length Torque moment arm may include that the reciprocating motion element of engine is connected to output shaft using the moment arm of substantially constant length. Extracting mechanical work can also include applying torque torque by using maximum length torque moment arm to increase reciprocating engine Output power.Maximum length torque moment arm may include being maintained at its maximum length in the entire rotary course of output shaft Moment arm.For example, it may include that output shaft is connected to rotation to turn round that the reciprocating motion element of engine, which is connected to output shaft, Square conveying device, rotation torque conveying device limit substantially constant torque moment arm, rotation torque conveying device be configured to The reciprocating motion element of engine joins.Engine can be internal combustion engine.

Torque torque is applied to reciprocating engine using the maximum length torque moment arm of holding substantially constant length Output shaft may include the reciprocating motion element that translation member is connected to reciprocating engine；And it is turned round using maximum length Translation member is connected to output shaft by square moment arm.For example, torque moment arm may be substantially perpendicular to the reciprocal fortune of translation member Shaft line, to apply torsion moment to rotatable power output component.The torque moment arm for keeping substantially constant length may include connection It is connected to the rotatable gear device of power output component and is connected to the rack gear of translation member.

In some respects, reciprocating engine may include at least one torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length, the torsion Square moment arm keeps substantially constant during the reciprocating motion of reciprocating motion element and the rotation of the output shaft of engine.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

Be basically unchanged length torque moment arm can have crankshaft equal to engine crank throw length.Start Machine can also include being converted the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating motion element of engine using the torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length At the device of the rotary motion of output shaft.Engine can also include at least one reciprocating piston being arranged in cylinder, living Plug is connected to the crankshaft of engine at one end through connecting rod, and also connects additionally by the torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length To output shaft.For example, the torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length can be at least partly by being connected to the rotating device of output shaft Combination with the translation member for being connected to reciprocating piston is formed, and wherein rotating device limits the torque torque for being basically unchanged length Arm.Rotating device may include at least one of pulley, gear or sprocket wheel.Translation member may include cable, chain, belt, drawing At least one of bar or rack gear.Engine can also include the clutch device being arranged between reciprocating piston and output shaft It sets.Engine can also include energy storage device, temporarily to store by the energy of the reciprocating motion element generation of engine, and And energy is discharged into output shaft when then advancing in engine when reciprocating motion element.

The torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length may include the torque moment arm for generating torque, the torque moment arm: i) It is limited between the contact point between the rotation axis of output shaft and translation member and rotating parts；Ii) generallyperpendicular In the movement of translation member；And iii) substantially invariable length is kept during the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating motion element of engine Degree.

In some respects, it may include axial flat for being connected to the power delivery apparatus of the reciprocating motion element of reciprocating engine Tensioning member is moved, which is connected to reciprocating motion element and as reciprocating motion element translates；And connection It is connected to power output element and the rotating parts with translation tensioning member handover, translation tensioning member is provided to rotating parts Axial force, rotating parts use the torque moment arm of substantially constant length to function during the axial movement of translation tensioning member Rate output element applies torque.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

The torque moment arm for generating torque can be with: the rotation axis and translation for i) being limited at power output element are tensioned Between contact point between component and rotating parts；Ii) it is approximately perpendicular to the movement of translation tensioning member；And iii) past Substantially invariable length is kept during the reciprocating motion of multiple motor element.Rotating parts can be used clutch apparatus and be connected to Output element, the clutch apparatus are configured to allow for rotating parts to rotate freely in a second direction relative to output element. Rotating parts may include geared system, and translating tensioning member may include the rack gear with geared system handover.

In some embodiments, reciprocating motion element can be reciprocating piston；Power output element can be in addition to hair Rotary power output shaft except the crankshaft of motivation；Translation tensioning member can be pull rod device to be connected to reciprocating piston, And reciprocating motion based on piston and translate；Engine may include linear gears device, which is connected to drawing To be translated with pull rod on bar；Engine may include rotatable pinion gear, which is connected to output shaft simultaneously It is configured to join with linear gears device；And engine may include be arranged between output shaft and pinion gear it is unidirectional from Clutch device, to engage output shaft when pinion gear is rotated along the first direction of piston motion towards crankshaft, thus output shaft Rotation, wherein the distance between contact area between the rotation axis of output shaft and linear gears device and pinion gear is in piston Substantially constant is kept when moving back and forth within the engine.

In some respects, reciprocating engine may include at least one piston and cylinder, at least one piston is one End is connected to crankshaft via connecting rod, and is in addition connected to output shaft via the torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length, this starts Machine includes axial translation element, which is connected to reciprocating piston and as reciprocating piston translates；And it can Rotating member, rotating parts are connected to output shaft and join with translation member, and translation member provides axial to rotating parts Power, rotating parts apply torque to output shaft during the axial movement of translation member, are basically unchanged the torque torque of length Arm: it i) is limited between the handover region between the rotation axis of output shaft and translation member and rotating parts；And Ii) it is approximately perpendicular to the movement of translation member.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

During piston is inwardly moved towards crankshaft and piston is moved out far from crankshaft, it is basically unchanged the torsional forces of length Moment arm can keep being basically unchanged.Rotating parts may include geared system and axial translation element may include tensioning apparatus With engage gear device.Engine can also include clutch apparatus, selectively be connect with the direction of motion based on translation member Close output shaft.At least one piston and cylinder include four in-line arrangement pistons and cylinder, each in piston be configured to via It is basically unchanged the torque moment arm engagement output shaft of length and rotates output shaft.

In some respects, the power delivery apparatus for being configured to couple to the reciprocating motion element of reciprocating engine may include Axial translation tensioning member, to be connected to reciprocating motion element and as reciprocating motion element translates；And rotating parts, It is connected to power output element and translates and open during the axial movement of translation tensioning member with translation tensioning member handover Tight component provides axial force to rotating parts, which applies torque to power output element, wherein generating torque Torque moment arm: i) be limited to power output element rotation axis and translation tensioning member and rotating parts between Between contact point；Ii) it is approximately perpendicular to the movement of translation tensioning member；And iii) in the reciprocating motion phase of reciprocating motion element Between keep substantially invariable length.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

Translating tensioning member may include pull rod.Rotating parts can be configured to join with translation tensioning member, flat Tensioning member, which is moved, when moving along first direction engagement output element and rotates output element, and translation tensioning member along with The opposite second direction of first direction is detached from output element to rotate freely relative to output element when mobile.Rotating parts can To use clutch apparatus to be connected to output element, which is configured to allow for rotating parts relative to output member Part rotates freely in a second direction.For example, clutch apparatus can be wedge clutch.Rotating parts can be gear dress It sets, and translates tensioning member and can be the rack gear joined with geared system.Rotating parts may include sprocket wheel or pulley, and Translating tensioning member may include the chain or cable element that can be engaged with sprocket wheel or pulley.Power output element may include rotation Output shaft.Power delivery apparatus may include containment member, to limit the loss that the cylinder pressure of reciprocating engine passes through opening, Power delivery apparatus is connected to reciprocating motion element by the opening.Containment member may include labyrinth sealing component.Power is defeated Sending device may include energy storage device, temporarily to store the energy of reciprocating motion element generation, and then move back and forth member Energy is discharged into power delivery apparatus when part is advanced in engine.For example, energy storage device may include spring element, Spring element is connected between translation tensioning member and motion transfering device, and translation tensioning member is connected to reciprocating motion element. Reciprocating motion element can be piston, and piston is configured to move back and forth in the cylinder of reciprocating engine.

In some respects, reciprocating engine may include at least one reciprocating piston in cylinder, this at least one it is past Dual Piston is connected to crankshaft via connecting rod at one end, and connects in the other end via the torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length To output shaft, wherein engine includes axial translation element, to be connected to reciprocating piston and as reciprocating piston translates；With And rotating parts, it is connected to output shaft and joins with translation member, the translation member during the axial movement of translation member Axial force is provided to rotating parts, which applies torque to output shaft, be basically unchanged the torque moment arm of length: I) it is limited between the handover region between the rotation axis of output shaft and translation member and rotating parts；And ii) big Cause the movement perpendicular to translation member.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

Axial translation element may include the pull rod fixed to piston.Axial translation element may include linear gears device. Linear gears device may include rack gear.Rotating parts may include gear to engage line style geared system.Engine can wrap Include the clutch apparatus being connected between output shaft and axial translation element.Clutch apparatus may include one-way clutch.It is single It may include flywheel clutch device to clutch.Axial translation element may include the rack gear for being connected to pull rod, and rotatable Component may include pinion gear, to engage rack gear, be connected to output shaft via clutch apparatus, wherein the translation via pull rod is transported Dynamic, rack gear rotates output shaft.Clutch apparatus can substantially only in piston towards crankshaft downward stroke during engage it is defeated Shaft.When piston inwardly advance by crankshaft, clutch apparatus can engage output shaft, and when piston is outwardly away from crankshaft When traveling, clutch apparatus can be detached from output shaft.The torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length can be limited to the rotation of output shaft Between handover region between shaft axis and translation member and rotating parts, and inwardly moves and live towards crankshaft in piston It fills in and keeps being basically unchanged during moving out far from crankshaft.Engine can also include be located at axial translation element and output shaft it Between energy storage device.At least one reciprocating piston and cylinder may include four in-line arrangement pistons and cylinder, every in piston One is configured to engage output shaft via the torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length and rotates output shaft.

It in some respects, may include being connected to translation member from the method that reciprocating engine extracts rotatable power The reciprocating member of reciprocating engine；And use the almost the same length vertical with the reciprocating motion axis of translation member Moment arm translation member is connected to rotatable power output component, with to rotatable power output component apply torque.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

The moment arm of almost the same length may include being connected to the rotatable gear device of power output component and being connected to The rack gear of translation member.Engine can be internal combustion engine.When translation member due to moving out for reciprocating member and When traveling, translation member can be detached from rotatable output link.Rotatable power output component (for example, output shaft) may include Rotary shaft other than the crankshaft of engine.

In some respects, it is configured to couple to the power delivery apparatus of the reciprocating piston of reciprocating engine can include: Rotary power output shaft other than the crankshaft of engine；Pull rod device, for being connected to reciprocating piston and based on piston Reciprocating motion and translate；Linear gears device is connected to pull rod as pull rod translates；Rotatable pinion gear, connection To output shaft and it is configured to join with linear gears device；And the one-way clutch between output shaft and pinion gear is set Device, when pinion gear is rotated along the first direction of piston motion towards crankshaft, which engages output shaft, by The rotation of this output shaft, wherein when piston moves back and forth within the engine, the rotation axis of output shaft and linear gears device and The distance between contact area between pinion gear keeps substantially constant.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

Energy storage elements can be connected between pull rod and linear gears device.The rotation axis and line style tooth of output shaft The distance between contact area between wheel apparatus and pinion gear can be approximately perpendicular to the translated axis line of line style device.Line style tooth Wheel apparatus may include rack gear.Linear gears device can be chain.

It in some respects, may include being connected to translating rack from the method that reciprocating engine extracts rotatable power The reciprocating piston of reciprocating engine；Rotary pinion is connected to the rotating output shaft other than engine crankshaft, it should Pinion gear and rack gear join, and rotate pinion gear with the translational motion in response to piston and rack gear；And clutch apparatus is used, Only when piston, which couples crankshaft thereon towards piston, advances, selectively output shaft is engaged with pinion gear so that output shaft revolves Turn, wherein the contact zone when piston moves back and forth within the engine, between the rotation axis and rack-and-pinion of output shaft Torque moment arm distance between domain keeps substantially constant.

In some respects, methods herein can be by keeping the substantially constant of the output shaft of driving reciprocating engine long The torque moment arm of degree increases the output torque (for example, average output torque) of the reciprocating engine of operation.Engine can To be internal combustion engine.Engine can be external-burning engine.

In some respects, reciprocating engine may include at least one piston and cylinder, the piston at one end via Connecting rod is connected to crankshaft, in addition the piston is connected to output shaft via the torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length.Moment arm can To include pull rod/rack gear/pinion gear/clutch arrangement.Rack gear may be provided on pull rod, and pinion gear is connected to defeated via clutch Shaft, and rack gear is engageable to pinion gear so that output shaft rotates.Clutch may include flywheel clutch.Clutch can be with Including wedge clutch.

In some respects, energy storage device can be between pull rod and output shaft, which is configured to couple to past The reciprocating member of compound engine.Energy storage device may include spring (for example, disk spring).

In some respects, pull rod pressure seal arrangement can be implemented as the pressure that limitation reciprocating engine cylinder passes through opening Power loss, pull rod enter cylinder by the opening.Pressure seal arrangement may include labyrinth-type excluder.

In some respects, automobile may include reciprocating engine, the reciprocating engine include at least one piston and Cylinder, the piston are connected to crankshaft via connecting rod at one end, and the piston is in addition via the torque torque for being basically unchanged length Arm is connected to output shaft.Automobile may include in light truck, delivery truck, fire fighting truck, off-road truck, motorcycle and car It is one or more.

In some respects, off-road equipment may include reciprocating engine, which includes at least one work Plug and cylinder, the piston are connected to crankshaft via connecting rod at one end, and the piston is in addition via the torque for being basically unchanged length Moment arm is connected to output shaft.Off-road equipment may include farm tractor, Architectural Equipment, truck, land leveller, crane, push away One of the mechanical, electrical welding machine of soil and pump are a variety of.

In some respects, generating set (such as motor-generator sets) may include having at least one piston and cylinder Reciprocating engine, the piston are connected to crankshaft via connecting rod at one end, and the piston is in addition via being basically unchanged length Torque moment arm is connected to output shaft.

In some respects, ship or steamer may include the reciprocating engine at least one piston and cylinder, described Piston is connected to crankshaft via connecting rod at one end, in addition the piston is connected to defeated via the torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length Shaft.

In some respects, aircraft or helicopter may include the reciprocating engine at least one piston and cylinder, The piston is connected to crankshaft via connecting rod at one end, in addition the piston is connected via the torque moment arm for being basically unchanged length To output shaft.

In some respects, power delivery apparatus can be configured to couple to the reciprocating motion element of reciprocating engine, And it is configured to be connected to power output element via the moment arm of almost the same length.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

Power delivery apparatus may include the pull rod for being connected to reciprocating motion element.Power delivery apparatus may include can be with drawing The rotating parts of bar engagement, the rotating parts are constructed such that power output element rotates.Rotating parts can be constructed At engagement pull rod and substantially only in rotating pull rod on first direction, and allow rotating parts opposite with first direction Second direction on rotated freely relative to output element.Rotating parts can be used clutch apparatus and be connected to output member Part, the clutch apparatus are configured to allow for rotating parts to rotate freely in a second direction relative to output element.Clutch Device device may include wedge clutch.Rotating parts may include geared system and pull rod may include can be with geared system The rack gear of engagement.Power output element may include output shaft.Power delivery apparatus may include containment member, reciprocating to limit The cylinder pressure of engine passes through the loss of opening, and power delivery apparatus is connected to reciprocating motion element by the opening.Sealing Component may include labyrinth sealing component.Power delivery apparatus may include energy storage device, and energy storage device is temporarily deposited Energy is discharged into when storing up the energy generated by reciprocating motion element, and then advancing in engine when reciprocating motion element Power delivery apparatus.Energy storage device may include the spring element being connected between pull rod and motion transfering device.Spring Element may include one or more disk springs, and motion transfering device may include can be connected to output element can Rotate the rack gear of gear engagement.Reciprocating motion element is configured for the piston moved back and forth in cylinder.In some respects, past Compound engine may include power delivery apparatus.In some respects, for reciprocating engine to increase reciprocating engine The external member of power output may include power delivery apparatus.

It in some respects, may include: to couple translation member from the method that reciprocating engine extracts rotatable power To the reciprocating member of reciprocating engine；And translation member is connected to using substantially invariable maximum length moment arm Rotatable power output component.

Embodiment may include one or more of following characteristics.

Substantially constant moment arm may include being connected to the rotatable gear device of power output component and being connected to translation structure The rack gear of part.Moment arm may include pull rod/chain/sprocket wheel/clutch arrangement.Moment arm may include pull rod/cable/cunning Wheel/clutch arrangement.

In some respects, increase the method for the output power (for example, average output power) of the reciprocating engine of operation Torque moment arm including keeping the substantially constant length of the output shaft of driving reciprocating engine.

In some respects, the method for improving the thermal efficiency of the reciprocating engine of operation may include keeping driving reciprocating The torque moment arm of the substantially constant length of the output shaft of engine.

In some respects, power delivery apparatus described herein can be used as hybrid energy storage system, wherein store Rotating energy is for generating useful power (for example, mechanical (for example, rotation) power), this is because under the piston of engine During stroke, the rotation of the crankshaft of the rotation and reciprocating engine of output shaft couples, and also by utilizing rotating output shaft Storage energy generate useful power, the rotating output shaft be configured to piston be detached from (for example, using one-way clutch), So that it can continue to rotate even if the crankshaft of reciprocating engine has slowed down (for example, stopping).That is, As described below, output shaft can be connected to reciprocating engine (for example, being connected to the work of engine in this way Plug) so that output shaft is only connected to piston during the down stroke of piston, but can continue during the upstroke of piston certainly By rotating.When engine retard or stopping, for the power output shaft rotated freely once being detached from crankshaft, stored energy can Load for generating useful power to drive attached.

As described herein, in some cases, output shaft may have and the potential difference of engine crankshaft during use Revolving speed.Therefore, in use, the tie point between output shaft and piston and clutch apparatus (for example, be connected to from On pulley or sprocket wheel outside clutch device (or any part for being not directly coupled to output shaft in clutch apparatus)) between Rotational speed difference be also likely to be present.Due to piston reciprocating motion (that is, and clutch apparatus outside correlation pulse), be based on Caused by the input of outside from clutch apparatus the movement of output shaft may include pulsation rotation, the pulsation rotation with Reciprocating piston moves in its entire stroke and changes in speed and torque.Therefore, in some embodiments, power conveys Device may include being connected to power delivery apparatus and power delivery apparatus provides it connector (example between the system of power Such as, tprque convertor (for example, torque-converters)), this can help the negative shadow for reducing (for example, minimum) this pulsating motion It rings, and is also used as multiple torque device (for example, multiple torque torque-converters).For example, connector may be coupled to power One end of conveying device output shaft is inputted with the axis of automotive transmission, generator input shaft or other similar systems.

Definition

It is defined below to be commonly used in construction industry, and can be found in many textbooks and Internet resources.They are herein only It provides for exemplary purposes, and is not intended to limit the disclosure.

Torque is applied to the twisting resistance of object such as wheel or crankshaft.Note that it is not that must deposit for torque motion ?.For example, even if not moving, you are also to the spiral shell if you, which stand, is attached to the lug wrench of the lug bolt of clamping stagnation at one Bolt applies torque.For simplicity, the torque of this paper is that unit is measured and described with ft lbf foot (lbf-ft), is meaned Be equivalent to act on length unit be foot lever end on given force (as unit of pound).For example, with 180 pounds of body Master station generates the torque of 180 lbf-ft on the lug wrench of one foot of long moment arm.In addition, 90 pound weight Child station applies identical result torque on two feet of long lug wrenches.

Function is applied force by certain distance.It note that unit for describing function and moment of torsion with (such as pound is multiplied by English Ruler), but the unit of work can be write as ft-lb, to be different from torque value.Real difference between torque and function is, this Or in the case where function, parasang (for example, " foot " part) is described mobile length (such as foot), and for torque, Distance describes the length of moment arm.If one car has been pushed away 30 feet with 100 pounds of power, the function done is exactly The function of 3000ft-lb.One simpler example is to promote weight (as unit of pound) to give set a distance (as unit of foot). If you use certain mechanical advantage, such as capstan winch, then you can do same amount of function, because by subtracting required force Half, you will have to double the distance of applied force to realize same target.

Power is application of the function in finite time.The function of 550 ft-lb is equal to one horsepower (HP) in one second.

Therefore, it is described below and calculates for explaining the conversion from torque to horsepower.It is pushed away with 87.5 pounds (power) in 1 foot of power On the end of moment arm lug wrench, apply the torque of 87.5 lbf-ft.Because moving not yet, produced without function or power It is raw.However, it is contemplated that lug bolt is slightly loosened and started turning, but it is to maintain spanner rotation and needs same 87.5 pounds Power.For each turn of spanner, (this is to push to pull to the power of 87.5 pounds of the application on (1 foot of 2* π *) or 6.28 feet of distance The hand shape of hand at plus circle circumference).Therefore, the function for generating 550 ft-lb in total carrys out rotary spanner.Only when this system reality On border when moving, the function can just be done.From the point of view of calculating function, this is a quick step, it may be said that if function applies sufficient It is enough fast, with one turn of rotating spanner per second, then the function per second that 550 ft-lb will be, it means that be applied with one horsepower of function Rate.

As can be seen that HP is directly proportional to torque and RPM from definition." directly proportional " means to may relate to multiplier.It uses Above-mentioned example number remembers that 1 turn per second is equal to 60 RPM, and the relationship between HP, torque and RPM can determine as follows:

Torque * RPM * constant=hp

87.5 60 revs/min of lbf-ft * * X=1 hp

X = 1/(60 * 87.5) = 1/5250

1/5250=hp of torque * RPM *

Hp=(torque * RPM)/5250

For internal combustion engine, torque is usually provided with certain RPM, the reason is that it cannot generate torque when engine does not rotate. Once engine operation is sufficiently fast to maintain its own operation, so that it may measure the power applied against load, and can measure The speed of engine rotation.Hence, it can be determined that torque (and therefore power) value.

In some embodiments, (it may include unidirectional flywheel clutch, bearing clutch to term clutch apparatus, such as Wedge clutch (such as CSK type unilateral bearing) or other similar suitable one-way clutch devices) for describing when driven When axis is rotated faster than drive shaft, such as when reciprocating engine slows down and crankshaft slows down, make drive shaft (i.e. according to retouching herein The crankshaft for the reciprocating engine stated) it is detached from the device of driven shaft (output shaft of power delivery apparatus i.e. described herein), such as It is lower described.

The problem of being found in conventional reciprocating engine design

In continuous operation, the reciprocating motion of piston is converted into the rotation of the crankshaft of load connection by crankshaft reciprocating engine Movement.Reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine will be released in combustion chamber (such as cylinder) using crank mechanism via combustion of fossil fuels The explosion energy put is converted into the rotating mechanical energy for promoting object.External combustion (EC) engine, such as steam engine also use Crank mechanism.

No matter internal combustion engine be 2 or 4 (or more) circulation and/or no matter it is gasoline-type, propane, natural gas type Or diesel-type (or other types of fuel or thermal cycle), most of reciprocating engines all use reciprocal fortune of the crankshaft by piston Dynamic (power) is converted into Rotational mechanical movement (power).

In brief, system and method discussed herein are intended to the output torque (power) and crankshaft of reciprocating engine Separation, and the torque (power) is conveyed by substituting power delivery apparatus (such as dynamical system) path, which has relatively not Become the maximum length moment arm of (such as consistent or constant), to generate the torque for being used for output shaft.

At least due to following reason, this system and method are estimated to be advantageous.

Crankshaft in typical reciprocating engine will start during the various circulations of engine as its major function Each of one or more pistons of machine return to the previous position in each cylinder.In addition, crankshaft secondly by with In rotating energy is conveyed to any load that engine is connected to.Crankshaft, which is efficiently performed, returns to its previous position for piston (for example, top dead-centre), but the usual inefficiency in terms of the load that potential torque and power are transported to engine application.This The basic change of torque moment arm length when the main reason for kind is inefficient is crankshaft rotation.Crankshaft every half-rotation, length from Zero changes to maximum value.Accordingly, with respect to similarly sized engine of the conventional crankshaft as power output shaft is used, base is used This constant maximum length moment arm is the power that the power output shaft of engine generates the reciprocating engine of torque and power Conveying device is expected to generate the torque and power of bigger (for example, significant bigger).

Therefore, system and method as described herein can be used for manufacturing more energy efficient engine, can be used smaller Component is designed and manufactured with reduced size, and still generates desired power level.In some cases, these efficiency Improvement with power output expects also have a direct impact fuel consumption and efficiency, this can lead to the hair of more fuel-efficient Motivation.For example, as described herein, this raising of fuel efficiency is estimated to will affect operation with constant force for automobile application The automobile of the power delivery apparatus of moment arm possesses cost.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 a is the schematic diagram of conventional reciprocating engine.

Fig. 1 b is the enlarged diagram of the reciprocating engine of Fig. 1 a, shows the torque changed as crankshaft rotates Arm.

Fig. 2 is exemplary cylinder pressure curve of the internal combustion engine during expansion stroke and for being driving by pressure transition The curve graph of the corresponding moment arm length (for example, conventional moment arm and constant force moment arm) of torque.

Fig. 3 is the curve graph of another exemplary cylinder pressure curve of the internal combustion engine during expansion stroke.

Fig. 4 is by estimating based on conventional internal combustion engine generates under various crankangles during expansion stroke torque Calculate table.

Fig. 5 is the computational chart of the torque for estimating to generate in internal combustion engine, which utilizes constant moment Arm generates torque during expansion stroke with various crankangles.

Fig. 6 is in internal combustion engine during expansion stroke, under several different engine loads, multiple example cylinders The curve graph of pressure curve.

Fig. 7-14 is the power and torque for showing the nominal increase using the power delivery apparatus with constant force moment arm The curve graph of output.

Figure 15 is the schematic diagram with the example reciprocating engine of power delivery apparatus, which has perseverance Moment arm is determined to generate output torque.

Figure 16 is the sectional view of another example reciprocating engine, which has power delivery apparatus, The power delivery apparatus, which has, is connected to piston to generate the flexible tension device (for example, cable) of power.

Figure 17 is the front view of the power output conveying device of Figure 16.

Figure 18 is the side view of the power delivery apparatus with the chain and sprocket system for being connected to power output shaft.

Figure 19 is the power conveying that output torque is generated using the constant force moment arm being installed on conventional engine Another exemplary perspective view of device.

Figure 20 is the power delivery apparatus of Figure 19 and the cross sectional elevation of conventional engine.

Figure 21 is the power delivery apparatus of Figure 19 and the side cross-sectional view of conventional engine, is shown for limiting The seal assembly of the pressure loss from cylinder and the energy being connected between the pull rod of power delivery apparatus and rack gear Storage device.

Figure 22 is the enlarged cross-sectional view of the engine of Figure 19, shows the power delivery apparatus for being connected to reciprocating piston Pull rod.

Figure 23 is the cross-sectional view that can be used for limiting the sealing device from the combustion chamber gases pressure loss.

Figure 24 is the perspective view for that will move back and forth the example driving mechanism for being converted into output shaft rotation, shows idle pulley Component.

Figure 25 is another perspective view of example driving mechanism, shows output shaft.

Figure 26 A-26I is the sequence of side views of the example driving mechanism vibrated in the entire expansion stroke of reciprocating piston Schematic diagram.

Figure 27 is the perspective view of example driving mechanism, and example driving mechanism is connected to engine by its respective combustion chamber Reciprocating piston shows and is connected to each of driving mechanism of combined drive shaft.

Figure 28 is the example driving mechanism of Figure 27 and another perspective view of engine, shows the lazy of corresponding x-axis component Wheel assembly part.

Figure 29 is the perspective view of the y-axis component of Exemplary translation, shows the sliding table for being connected to reciprocating piston Face and attachment point.

Figure 30 is the perspective view of example x-axis component, shows the sliding table of the y-axis component oscillation relative to translation Face.

Figure 31 is the perspective view that the example internal combustion engine of conventional crank mechanism is replaced using example driving mechanism.

Figure 32 is that another perspective view of the exemplary engine of Figure 31 for the sake of clarity removes engine cylinder body, is shown Connection between driving mechanism and drive shaft.

Figure 33 is the perspective view of the example internal combustion engine with the driving mechanism for substituting conventional crankshaft, wherein each driving Mechanism is connected to two opposed reciprocating pistons.

Figure 34 is the figure with the example force component vector of the pitch diameter of the gear in driving mechanism interaction.

Figure 35 is the example force vector and torquemeter nomogram of conventional crankshaft-link rod reciprocating mechanism.

Figure 36 is example force component vector and is applied to the example phase of the torque of output shaft by driving mechanism described herein Close the figure of torque arithmetic.

Figure 37 is for identical input pressure (or power) function, compared with conventional crankshaft-link rod reciprocating mechanism, example The comparison figure of the torque output of the calculating of tangential driving mechanism (all as those described herein).

Specific embodiment

Fig. 1 a and 1b are shown with the reciprocating engine for fixing cylinder 102, piston 104, connecting rod 106 and crankshaft 108 100 schematic diagram.As shown, piston 104 moves down in cylinder 102 during expansion stroke, and 108 up time of crankshaft Needle rotation.The typical expansion stroke of internal combustion engine proceeds to rotation from 0 ° of after top dead center (ATDC) of crankangle (θ) ATDC180 ° of piston lowest position.

The vertical force (due to the combustion pressure in cylinder) that piston applies on the crankshaft of internal combustion engine can be write as:

Vertical force=Ρ(θ)Cos a A equation 1

Wherein P (θ) is combustion pressure, is the function of crankangle (θ) (relative to top dead-centre), and A is substantially hanging down for top land Directly in the total projection surface area and a of stroke axis 110 be connecting rod angle (relative to cylinder centerline).It note that some In engine design, connecting rod can be connected to piston via the off-axis piston pin of the center line from piston (for example, wrist pin), this Usually influence connecting rod angle.The method that pin offset can be the stress that manufacturer is reduced on reciprocating part, because it allows These parts are lighter, this can cause more effectively to manufacture and less power loss and higher rpm energy in engine Power.The complementary result of pin offset can reduce piston knock, this is because from high thrust to small during power operation The more progressive transformation of thrust.

The moment arm (or torque arm) (for example, being provided as " m " in Figure 1b) of twisting resistance is generated on crankshaft with crankshaft It rotates and changes.Moment arm (m) is rotation axis (3) (its center for being usually located at piston and/or cylinder of main bearing journal At line 110) and the rotation axis (2) of crank-pin axle journals between horizontal distance, at crank-pin axle journals, connecting rod is connected to crankshaft On.Therefore, the variation length of moment arm can be write as according to the rotation position (such as crankangle θ) of crankshaft:

Moment arm=rSin θ equation 2

Wherein r be from the center line (for example, rotation axis) (3) of main bearing journal to connecting rod throwing arm or crank-pin (that is, Connecting rod is connected to the position of crankshaft) center line (for example, rotation axis) (2) radial distance, therefore,rSin (θ) is vertical The length of power torque moment arm.Note that the maximum length of the torque moment arm of variation present in 90 degree of crankangle, and Equal to throw of crankshaft.

Using the definition of the component of above-mentioned various connections, the function that can be used as crank shaft angle θ writes out following equation and carrys out table Show crank torque (twisting resistance) (T):

T(θ)=vertical force (θ)·Moment arm m(θ) equation 3

After aforesaid equation is combined, the torque that reciprocating engine generates during expansion stroke can be indicated are as follows:

T(θ)=P(θ)cosα·A·rsin(θ) equation 4

As shown, the torque equation depends critically upon crankangle (θ).Fixed engine is designed, A and r are constants, AndαBe moment arm (i.e.rSin θ) and length of connecting rod (l) function.Length of connecting rod (l) being equal to wrist pin, (it connects connecting rod To piston) rotation axis (1) and crank-pin the distance between rotation axis (2).Piston pressure P (θ) is also crankangle (θ) Very strong function, and for many burning correlative factors (for example, fuel-air ratio, compression ratio, fuel type and other Factor) it is different.The pressure P (θ) of internal combustion engine and external-burning engine is also possible to different.Piston pressure can also be with The variation of engine speed and change, engine speed is usually indicated with revolutions per minute (RPM).

The pressure (for example, piston pressure) on top land is acted in typical internal combustion engine, in cylinder in song Position top dead-centre (TDC) of axis reaches peak value slightly after, at about 9 ° to 18 ° of ATDC, depends on specific engine and designs, And it can change with engine speed.For example, Fig. 2 depicts the example internal combustion engine of the function as crankangle (θ) Example piston pressure 52 and moment arm length 54.As shown, the several years reach maximum value to piston pressure 52 after tdc, and And it is mobile in ATDC180 ° of bottom position to it then as piston and at a good pace decay.54 function (r of moment arm length Sin θ) start at 0 ° of tDC (because the tie point of connecting rod to crankshaft is located at main bearing journal rotation axis (such as center line) Surface), maximum value is reached at 90 ° (because crank-pin rotation axis is generally positioned immediately in main bearing journal rotation axis Side), and 0 ° (because surface that connecting rod returns to crankshaft axis to the tie point of crankshaft) is again moved at 180 °. From this curve graph of Fig. 2 as can be seen that when the vertical force on piston is in maximum value, near top of stroke, for making The moment arm of crankshaft rotation is very short.This directed varying forces moment arm influences significantly and limits the torque of generation.

Example constant length moment arm 56 is also shown in Fig. 2, if output power system has perseverance as described herein Measured length moment arm, the length having are about the maximum length of directed varying forces moment arm in entire expansion stroke, then it can be seen that The constant length moment arm 56.It is as follows and described, there is such constant length moment arm to generate torque (that is, special During not being the maximum pressure in cylinder), more output torques and power can be extracted from internal combustion engine.

It, can in order to show influence of the constant length moment arm to engine output torque and horsepower relative to directed varying forces moment arm Prediction power in the case of two kinds to calculate typical internal calculates.The first situation be directed varying forces moment arm (Moment arm= r sinθ) and second situation be constant length moment arm (Moment arm=m)。

Directed varying forces moment arm construction with constant force moment arm construction between it is simple compared with can by using two kinds in the case of phase Deng respective value various equations more described herein estimate.

Using example pressure curve shown in equation above 4 and Fig. 3 (be derived from Rakopoulos, C., Michos, C., and Giakoumis, E., Availability analysis of a syngas fueled spark Ignition using a multi-zone combustion model, Energy, 33 volume, the 9th (2008 years 9 phase Month), the 1378-1398 pages, its content is totally integrating herein by reference hereby), directed varying forces moment arm engine shows Example torque value can be calculated in each crank shaft angle in entire expansion stroke.In order to simply compare torque value, several no lists are used The value of position is standardized various parameters and size.Particularly, engine strokes (S) are 2；Piston area (A) is 3.14159；Engine bore (B) is 2；Crank throw (r=S/2) is 1；Length of connecting rod (L) is 2.924, and all these values are used for Simplify and calculates.The result of these example calculations is shown in the table on fig. 4.As indicated, discovery is typical using these example values Internal combustion engine generate about 0.122076 average torque.

For the internal combustion engine of the moment arm of constant length, as described above, torque equation can simplify for T (θ) =P (θ) Am, wherein P (θ) it be cylinder pressure (for example, as depicted in fig. 3) and m based on crankangle is constant force moment arm Length (for example, moment arm (m)=moment arm radius (r)=S/2).Similar to being discussed above with directed varying forces moment arms Typical internal can be used modular size same as above and calculate in entire expansion stroke in various crank shaft angles Estimated torque value.The result of these example calculations is shown in the table of Fig. 5.As indicated, using these example values, The internal combustion engine for being found to have the theoretical modification of constant force moment arm generates about 0.290584 average torque.Therefore, have The average output of the internal combustion engine of constant force moment arm is the big of the average output of the internal combustion engine of typical directed varying forces moment arm About 2.38 times.

Additional calculating is also completed, the power and torsional performance of the raising of constant force moment arm internal combustion engine are had estimated. For illustration purpose, (for example, directed varying forces moment arm situation and constant force moment arm situation) is interior for what is calculated in both cases Burn engine is dual overhead cam (DOHC), 16 valves, 4 recycle gasoline engines.For the pre- measurement of power in the case of calculating two kinds The predetermined cylinder pressure curve (as shown in Figure 6) of several different engine loads is taken and has been used in rate and torque output, so as to Compare directed varying forces moment arm and constant force moment arm structure using the calculating for being similar to the calculating of torque meter for being used to prepare Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 It makes.The pressure curve of Fig. 6 is derived from Marty chenko, A., Park, J., Ko, Y., Balin, A., et al. A Study on the Possibility of Estimation of In-Cylinder Pressure by Means of Measurement of Spark Gap Breakdown Voltage, SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1115 (1999), content is totally integrating herein by reference.As being described in detail in the document of Martychenko et al., For typical DOHC, 16 valves, 4 cylinder gas engines, pressure curve is exemplary, and therefore, uses 3.1693 inches of work Consent diameter (B) and 3.1693 inches of piston stroke (S) are estimated to calculate torque for preparing different engine loads and power The calculating of evaluation, this be the DOHC being described in detail in the document of Martychenko et al., 16 valves, 4 cylinder gas engine types allusion quotation Type example.(for example, 4 cylinder, 2300 cc OHC Hyundai Sonata engine).For setting engine load (for example, 59 lbf-ft), in engine speed range (that is, speed of crankshaft), go back calculated torque and power output estimated value.

Moment arm (m)=throw of crankshaft (r)=1/2 stroke (S/2) in this case, constant most greatly enhanced to determine The power output of moment arm engine is spent, the reciprocating motion of piston is converted into the rotary motion of output shaft.It is depicted in Figure 15 An adoptable exemplary universal (for example, embodiment).Each rotation for crankshaft, during the rotation, even Bar is to crankshaft tie point (2) (for example, crank-pin) traveling π * S, since piston moves down the distance of stroke S and returns up The distance of stroke S, so output shaft interface (5) is (that is, piston is connected to by pull rod, tensioning apparatus or similar component The point of clutch apparatus (and being therefore also connected to output shaft)) only move 2*S.Although for simplicity, the example of this paper It is described generally as only one cylinder, but it is to be understood that, the exemplary engine with more than one cylinder will lead to output Axis is persistently rotated as each in different pistons travels downwardly, to generate the movement of output shaft.Therefore, the revolving speed of output shaft Proportionally it is lower than the revolving speed of crankshaft.Therefore, for the steady-state speed of the output shaft of the determining consistent revolving speed for crankshaft, crankshaft Revolving speed multiplied by (2/ π).It note that piston is in top of stroke (at top dead-centre (TDC)) and stroke bottom during crankshaft rotation (at bottom dead centre (BDC)) instantaneously stops movement in the vertical direction, and as crankshaft rotates, piston is at top dead-centre (TDC) Quickly accelerate and slow down between bottom dead centre (BDC).Therefore, the estimating speed of output shaft can be equal to (that is, by moment arm length (for example, distance that the position of clutch apparatus is connected to from the center of output shaft to pull rod, tensioning apparatus or like) Influence) piston since the 0 of TDC, when accelerating to maximum speed and then decelerating to the 0 of BDC piston average speed.Such as Upper described, when piston is moved upwards up to TDC from BDC, output shaft can usually continue to rotate.Therefore, when piston moves up When (along and the rotation of output shaft opposite direction), output shaft for example can be used piston and travel up to TDC from BDC When average speed continue to rotate come the speed estimated.That is, when piston can be transported back and forth in two opposite directions When dynamic, absolute average speed when the speed of output shaft can be moved between BDC and TDC based on piston is estimated.

In addition, in the engine only with a cylinder, it is contemplated that, when piston moves up (that is, and The movement of piston does not directly apply rotary force to output shaft), the device of such as flywheel gear can be used for keeping output shaft A part of revolving speed.

It is shown in these curve graphs of result calculated in figs. 7-14.As shown, for constant maximum length torque The torque and power for the estimation that arm engine is observed increase usually proportionally bigger for all calculated values.As described above, The revolving speed of output shaft and crankshaft is not usually identical, and the revolving speed (for example, 2400 RPM) listed in Fig. 7-14 is turning for crankshaft Fast (that is, the revolving speed for being not necessarily output shaft).

Other than the potential increase of above-mentioned torque and power, it is contemplated that described herein that there is constant maximum length moment arm Power delivery apparatus can also be used for storage energy (such as power), stored energy will be used when engine retard.Example Such as, as described in detail herein, power delivery apparatus may include be connected to by clutch apparatus (such as one-way clutch) it is past The output shaft of compound engine (that is, reciprocating piston of engine), the clutch apparatus allow output shaft in one direction It rotates freely.That is, clutch apparatus can only engage output shaft when piston moves downward.As described above, this construction Output shaft is helped allowed to be different from the speed rotation of the crankshaft of reciprocating engine, power delivery apparatus is connected to reciprocating The crankshaft of engine.

In some respects, with the ability for being different from the speed rotating output shaft of crankshaft power delivery apparatus is used as Power storage device.For example, during use, user can reduce the revolving speed (for example, due to engine retard) of crankshaft, this Normally resulting in the power based on reduced revolving speed reduces.However, since output shaft usually can be relative to crankshaft along a side To rotating freely, so output shaft does not need to slow down when crankshaft deceleration.Therefore, when crankshaft deceleration, such as when user exists When making engine retard during use, it can permit output shaft with higher revolving speed and continue rotation to continue to generate power.It is as follows Described, output shaft may include flywheel, which helps to create and keep spinning momentum and the movement of output shaft.

In some cases, this construction can be used in order to store or recover energy during engine retard.Example Such as, it is used in some embodiments in automobile in reciprocating engine and power delivery apparatus, during crankshaft deceleration (for example, Due to release the gas pedal), output shaft can continue to be rotated to produce power (for example, electrically or mechanically power) for other systems System.Therefore, in some embodiments, can be used as mixing including device one or more in power delivery apparatus as described herein Type device, using since reciprocating engine is mechanically coupled to output shaft during the expansion stroke of engine and makes to export Axis rotates generated power, and even can also pass through what the lasting rotation of output shaft obtained in engine retard or stopping It stores energy (such as power).

In addition, in some embodiments, output shaft may be coupled to the connector or component (such as speed change of automatic transmission The torque-converters of device) so that output shaft continue and consistent rotation (for example, after crankshaft slows down suddenly) can contribute to Automatic transmission provides consistent revolving speed and power.As described above, this connector (for example, torque-converters) can also be used for reducing it is defeated The influence of the pulsating motion of shaft, pulsating motion can be caused by the reciprocating motion of the piston of driving clutch apparatus.

Reciprocating engine with constant force moment arm

As described above, theoretically can be by using rotary power system (such as power delivery apparatus) from the acting of reciprocating piston More (for example, significant more) spin dynamics power are extracted in stroke, rotary power system is connected to past via torque moment arm Dual Piston, length of the torque moment arm in entire expansion stroke with almost the same (for example, constant) is (for example, constant Maximum length).In some embodiments, the torque moment arm of almost the same length may include torque moment arm, the torque Moment arm is fixed on setting length, which is its maximum length, and allows to omit only with respect to fixed maximum value Change (for example, constant constant or consistent).In some cases, due to contact area along handover gear move or It is moved between the sprocket wheel and chain of handover, the moment arm of almost the same length can change (for example, slight variation).

For example, example reciprocating engine 100 has reciprocating motion element (for example, piston 104) and valve with reference to Figure 15 (for example, intake valve and exhaust valve) 105, the reciprocating motion element are connected to rotatable crankshaft 108 via connecting rod 106, and by It is configured to the upper and lower translation in cylinder 102, valve (for example, intake valve and exhaust valve) 105 controls gas and enters and leaves cylinder 102.Engine 100 may be coupled to power delivery apparatus 200, which has individual power output member Part (for example, power output shaft 202), the power output element is via the power delivery apparatus with constant length moment arm 204 200 are rotationally coupled to piston 104.Power output shaft 202 can be connected to any in the various devices using rotary power One kind, including automotive transmission is (for example, be used for car, truck, motorcycle, Architectural Equipment (for example, bull-dozer) or other transports The power train of device, such as aircraft or ship), generator, electric welding machine or using rotary power other devices.

As shown, power delivery apparatus 200 may include being connected to the elongated translation tensioning apparatus of piston 104 (for example, drawing Bar) 206, so that as piston 104 moves back and forth in cylinder (for example, when cylinder is vertically-oriented, such as the example institute of Figure 15 Show, move up and down), pull rod 206 with 104 substantially similar way of piston it is mobile (for example, the traveling essentially identical with piston away from From, speed, acceleration, and generate essentially identical available axial force (for example, the power that can be used for doing external work)).Pull rod 206 can be with Any desired position being connected on piston 104.That is, pull rod can be fixed to a region of piston, or connection To wrist pin, wrist pin connects the piston to connecting rod.Pull rod 206 is usually configured to be attached to power delivery apparatus 200 Power output shaft 202 or the other components being integrated in power output shaft 202 handover.For example, in some examples as described below In, pull rod 206 may include the rack gear slender member of a row or multi-row gear teeth (for example, with), the rack gear be configured to The handover of rotating parts 208 and engagement (5), all power delivery apparatus in this way of the rotating parts 208 are connected to output shaft 202 Roughly circular component (for example, geared system).The restriction opening 210(pull rod 206 of engine passes through opening 210(for example, drawing Bar opening) enter cylinder (such as cylinder head)) part generally include sealing device, pass through opening to limit (such as preventing) The air-flow and the pressure loss in the region between pull rod.

Although the linear movement of piston to be transformed into the power delivery apparatus usually quilt of the rotary motion of power delivery apparatus It is described and illustrated as the single rack gear for joining and engaging with the geared system for being connected to output shaft, but other constructions are also possible 's.For example, in some embodiments, power delivery apparatus may include one or more additional gear groups, for based on reciprocating The linear velocity and Li Lai of piston increased or decrease the revolving speed or torque of output shaft.Additionally or alternatively, power delivery apparatus can To include any one of various device or systems, the linear movement of piston can be suitably transformed into the rotation of output shaft Transhipment is dynamic, while keeping the moment arm of almost the same (for example, constant) length.For example, in some embodiments, power conveying dress Set (for example, rotating parts of power delivery apparatus) can additionally or alternatively include belt system, pulley system and/or Chain drive system.In some cases, with reference to Figure 16-18, tensioning apparatus (for example, belt, cable 206a, chain 206b or Other devices of tension can be applied) one end can be attached to piston, and pulley can be used in the other end of tensioning apparatus 208a or sprocket wheel 208b are connected to output shaft.It can also include spring return mechanism 212, to be moved to stroke top in piston 104 Tensioning apparatus (for example, cable 206a, belt or chain 206b) is helped to return up when portion.In some embodiments, power is defeated Sending device may include any one of other types of system of power transmission, including various devices.

Since the movement of piston 104 replaces back and forth, but it is generally desirable to only rotating output shaft 202 in one direction, institutes It is usually configured to substantially with power delivery apparatus 200 (for example, rotating parts 208 in some cases) at one Output shaft is engaged on direction (for example, for Two-way Cycle internal combustion engine, only during expansion stroke, when piston is due in cylinder Pressure increase caused by burning and when moving down), so that output shaft only rotates in one direction.Note: for four circulations Engine, clutch bearing power delivery apparatus will engage in air inlet downward stroke and acting downward stroke, but can still only Permission rotates on a consistent direction.

In some embodiments, power delivery apparatus (for example, rotating parts of power delivery apparatus) is configured only to Output shaft is clamped when tensioning apparatus (for example, pull rod, cable or sprocket wheel) is pulled in cylinder by piston, and then when with work Plug returns to top dead-centre, when pull rod removes cylinder, substantially discharges output shaft.In some embodiments, power delivery apparatus 200 Including clutch apparatus 214, such as one-way clutch, it is configured only to just engage when tensioning apparatus is moved in cylinder defeated Shaft and output shaft is rotated, but when pull rod removes cylinder, allows the rotary part of power delivery apparatus (for example, round Geared system) it is rotated freely in the opposite direction relative to output shaft, with limitation (for example, preventing) as reciprocating piston is in gas It is moved in cylinder, output shaft unintentionally alternately rotates in a manner of back and forth.In some embodiments, rotating parts may include chain Wheel, gear, pulley, wheel, clutch apparatus or one or more device it is any appropriately combined.

In some instances, as further discussed below, clutch apparatus 214 includes unidirectional flywheel clutch, bearing Clutch, such as wedge clutch (for example, CSK type unilateral bearing) or other similar suitable one-way clutch devices.Clutch Device bearing can play the role of simple ball or roller bearing when rotating in one direction, and revolve in the opposite direction (for example, preventing) rotation is limited when turning.What this was sometimes realized by using spring-loaded voussoir, spring-loaded voussoir Serve as the voussoir between two bearing races.Clutch bearing is variously referred to as CSK bearing, unilateral bearing, one direction bearing And wedge bearing.One-way clutch device can be it is spring-loaded, to limit gap when output shaft is engaged.Alternatively or Additionally, clutch apparatus may include ratchet mechanism, such as pawl clutch, make output shaft defeated substantially only in power Device is sent just to engage when attempting rotating output shaft in one direction.

As shown, since the handover between pull rod and power delivery apparatus is remote relative to the axis of movement of reciprocating piston With a distance from rotation axis from output shaft is substantially uniform (that is, being different from the connection between connecting rod and crankshaft, as described above), so Generate moment arm substantially constant, the stabilization or constant of the power for acting on the torque on output shaft.

As described above, compared with script extracts the possible situation of power from crankshaft, it is this almost the same (for example, substantially permanent It is fixed) length moment arm allows increased (for example, dramatically increasing) torque of output shaft drive via pull rod extraction and power defeated Out.

Since the substantially invariable moment arm of the torque formed from reciprocating engine extracts, it is contemplated that engine will be easier Mechanical rotation movement is converted by the explosion energy of burning, and engine heat loss will reduce and the overall thermal of engine Efficiency will improve.

Although conventional engine shown in usually still includes crankshaft-and-connecting-rod, they are at least used to rush in acting Make piston back toward top dead center after journey, but it is contemplated that in some cases, the size and structural intergrity of crankshaft-and-connecting-rod are all It can reduce, the reason is that these components are no longer used to shift available torque and power from engine.It is anticipated that crankshaft and company This reduction of bar size helps to reduce parasitic power loss amount, and parasitic power loss originally may be by additional in engine Gyrating mass causes.

Example reciprocating engine shown in the schematic diagram of Figure 15 can be with appointing in various suitable constructions and design What one kind is realized.As described above, engine (such as internal combustion engine) can be specifically designed as including that individual power is defeated Device and power output shaft are sent, the power of reciprocating piston generation can be extracted by the power output shaft.It is this to be specifically designed Engine may include reduced crankshaft-and-connecting-rod, to limit the power loss as caused by gyrating mass.

Example embodiment

In some embodiments, available engine (for example, existing internal combustion engine) can be modified to include individual power Conveying device and power output shaft can extract the power of reciprocating piston generation by the power output shaft.For example, Figure 19- 23 show the four cylinder engine 300 of modification, are modified to include individual power delivery apparatus 400 and power output shaft 402.It note that for the sake of clarity, other parts of crankshaft, connecting rod, several seals and engine be omitted in figure.

As shown, the internal combustion engine of modification is double top-type cam (DOHC) four cylinder four circulation in-line arrangement petrol powers Engine (for example, improved Toyota 3RZ-FE type petrol engine).For multi-cylinder reciprocating engine (such as internal combustion hair Motivation), it is usually desirable to there is single power output shaft, therefore simple estimated construction includes the structure that piston and cylinder are in alignment with each other It makes, so that the power delivery apparatus of each piston and cylinder can be structured as single power output shaft.Four cycle internal combustions are sent out Motivation, every two turns of crankshaft just once expansion stroke.Therefore, for four cylinders, four cycle internal combustion engine, the every rotation 180 degree of crankshaft It will once expansion stroke.For six cylinder internal combustion engines, every 120 degree of the rotation of crankshaft just once expansion stroke and right In eight cylinder internal combustion engines, it is often rotated by 90 ° just once expansion stroke.The single power of above-mentioned in-line arrangement internal combustion engine is defeated Shaft, either 4 cylinders, 6 cylinders or 8 cylinders are all desirable.Although being somebody's turn to do it may be desirable to having single power output shaft The benefiting of the increases torque of constant-torque arm invention and power be suitable for all power cycles and all mechanical realizations (such as V6, V8, V2, radial direction etc.) reciprocating engine.In the mechanical realization of the multicylinder engine of non-" in-line arrangement ", may have more A power output shaft.In addition, in some embodiments, it is defeated that V-type engine construction can be connected to the power with single output shaft Send device.That is, even if being connected to of piston in the case where the piston of engine and cylinder are not exclusively aligned each other Tight device also can be used any one of various gear assemblies or pulley structure and be connected to public output shaft, to cause The consistent rotation of output shaft.

In DOHC in-line arrangement internal combustion engine, the region above piston and cylinder centerline is not more or less by various hairs The obstruction of motivation part, to be easier addition power delivery apparatus, which is attached on piston and to uplink Into across cylinder head.As shown, power delivery apparatus 400 may include two pull rods 406 for each cylinder, pull rod 406 It is connected to piston (for example, via existing piston pin for piston to be connected to connecting rod).In the example shown, using two Pull rod 406 (for example, each one on each opposite side of piston), so as to the load on dummy piston 304, and can be with Reduce the load being applied on each pull rod 406.In the design of some internal combustion engines, connecting rod is slightly off-axis with piston centreline Ground is connected to piston.Pull rod 406 pass through engine components (such as cylinder head 302) on opening 410 be arranged, and be configured to The opening that moves across of piston 410 move up and down.It note that four cylinder of example, four circulation reciprocating type shown in Figure 19-22 is sent out In motivation, two in piston can be configured to move in same direction always, be separated by just 180 with other two piston Degree.When a cylinder is lighted a fire in expansion stroke, driving piston is downwardly into cylinder, all four pull rods of two pistons The driving load of expansion stroke will be shared by moving together.

In some embodiments, pull rod 406 includes toothed rack gear 407, and rack gear 407 is connected to the upper area of pull rod. In some embodiments, rack gear 407 can be connected to pull rod 406, allow rack gear 407 slightly along pull rod and independently of drawing Bar is mobile.In some cases, as shown, one or more spring elements (for example, disk spring) can be used in rack gear 409 are attached to pull rod, this can contribute to execute several functions.For example, the energy that spring can be used as power delivery apparatus is deposited Storage device 409.As described above and as shown in Fig. 2, the pressure (and therefore also act on power) on piston in cylinder usually There is apparent surge very early during expansion stroke, and is traveled into cylinder and rapid decay then as piston.Cause This as shown in figs. 19-21 can compress the spring that rack gear is connected to pull rod, and a part when being increased sharply with absorption pressure is initial Load (this will lead to pull rod and moves slightly downward relative to rack gear), thus the storage energy in spring-compressed.Then, with work Plug is moved in cylinder and decline of pressure, and spring is unfolded to force rack gear to be resisted against on pull rod back down, to discharge The energy of storage.This compression and expansion of spring can contribute to dispensing piston seen power near top dead-centre and increase sharply.As Sign property, it is slightly smooth that this may be used to pressure curve, and distributes some power in entire piston expansion stroke.Additionally or Alternatively, spring also can contribute to issuable vibration when limitation reciprocating piston translates back and forth.

Alternatively, rack gear can be permanently attached to pull rod (for example, drawing via fastener or by being formed on In bar).The engagement rotating member that is dimensioned and configured to of rack gear is connected in parallel to rotating member (for example, generally circular tooth 408), which is connected to output shaft 402 to rotate output shaft to wheel.As described above, gear 408 is usually using clutch Device (such as one-way clutch bearing 414) is connected to output shaft 402, so that the reciprocating linear motion of pull rod to be transformed into substantially Only unidirectional rotary motion.

As shown, in some embodiments, output shaft is connected to using mounting device (such as bearing bracket 416) to be started Machine (such as cylinder head), mounting device positioning output shaft, but the torque backspin for allowing output shaft to generate in power delivery apparatus Turn.

With specific reference to Figure 20-23, cylinder head 302 includes containment member (for example, sealing element, such as labyrinth) 412, can limit and opening 410 is passed through by opening 410(pull rod 406 advance) the pressure loss, while providing enough skies Gap, so that pull rod 406 is free to movement and passes through containment member 412.As shown in the enlarged drawing of Figure 23, labyrinth seal assembly 412 include a series of substantial cylindrical main body 20 for accommodating seal discs 21, and a series of seal discs 21 pass through disk spacer 22 each other Separation.Labyrinth seal assembly 412 further includes clamping plug 23, and seal disc 21 and disk spacer 22 are maintained in main body 20. Locking nut 24 can be used for clamp plug 23 and be connected to main body 20.Cylinder washer 25 can be positioned on one end of seal assembly 412 (for example, in the one end being configured in insertion cylinder) is to facilitate sealing cylinder.

The internal diameter of seal disc 21 can be configured to just slightly larger than pull rod diameter.The internal diameter of disk spacer 22 can be than sealing Several times of clearance distance between the big pull rod of the internal diameter of disk 21 and seal disc internal diameter, to form chamber between seal disc.Seal disc A series of chamber of generations between 21 can produce very big gas-flow resistance, wherein forming more chambers will increase gas-flow resistance.Disk Spacer 22 can be made into the slightly submissive trend to fluff with compensation sealing part.It is alternatively possible to by individual pliable member (example Such as spring) it is added in stacking.

Although having been described and some example power conveying mechanisms, other examples device being shown in the attached drawings It can be used for for the reciprocating motion of piston being converted into the rotary motion of output shaft.It in some cases, can will be described herein Mechanism be additionally or alternatively used for typical engine crankshaft.

For example, driving mechanism 1000 may include pedestal 1010, be connected to pedestal 1010 and be configured to reference to Figure 24 and 25 With the oscillation component 1100 of reciprocating motion element (for example, piston) handover and engage with oscillation component 1100 with to for example driving Moving axis provides the rotating output shaft component 1300 of rotary power output.

Pedestal 1010 may be used as the fixed and positioned surface of other components of driving mechanism, such as 1100 He of oscillation component Output shaft assembly 1300.In some cases, pedestal can be the integral part of engine, such as engine cylinder body or cylinder cap A part or region, or can be the separate part for being attached to engine.Pedestal 1010 may include first substrate 1012, defeated Shaft assembly 1300 (that is, output shaft 1302) can be by across the first substrate 1012 and rotating out.First substrate 1012 can limit Hole or recess portion, the hole or recess portion are used as supporting surface, and output shaft 1302 can be rotated along the supporting surface.In some embodiments, First substrate 1012 can be the form of multi-piece type assembly, for example, by necked part 1012A and cap portion that can be secured to one another 1012B is formed.In some cases, bearing can be used between substrate 1012 and axis 1302.For the sake of clarity, in Figure 24 and In 25, the part of pedestal is shown as transparent.

At least one of part of pedestal, such as first substrate 1012 may include joining surface, and the one of oscillation component A or multiple components can be joined along the handover surface.For example, first substrate 1012, which can limit, is slidably engaged surface 1020, oscillation component 1100 can be moved along surface 1020 is slidably engaged.As described below, engagement surface 1020 can couple set of oscillations The component of part, allows the component freely axial translation (along y-axis) substantially on the direction of reciprocating piston translation, But couple generally relative to x-axis direction.Y-axis is usually reciprocating motion of the pistons (or other movement for moving back and forth input) Direction, and x-axis is substantially perpendicular to y-axis and reciprocating motion.

Oscillation component 1100 may include the y-axis component (for example, frame) 1102 and x-axis component 1130 of axial translation, X-axis component 1130 is configured to join with frame 1102 and move relative to frame 1102 along x-axis, and engagement output shaft A part of component 1300.For the sake of clarity, the x-axis component in Figure 24 and 25 is shown as transparent.Frame 1102 can It is configured to provide y-axis movement, the y-axis is mobile to allow oscillation component to move with the reciprocating motion of engine piston. Therefore, frame 1102 may include one or more slidingsurfaces 1104, and slidingsurface 1104 couples frame along x-axis 1102, but allow frame 1102 as the movement of piston is translated along y-axis.In some cases, slidingsurface 1104 can To be configured to the cooperation of slidingsurface 1020 and handover with (for example, first substrate 1012) pedestal.In addition, slidingsurface 1104 and 1020 limiting frame 1102 can slide along z-axis line direction or move in other ways individually or together.

Frame 1102 can also include opening (for example, hole) 1106, and output shaft 1302 can pass through the opening and be arranged.When For frame as the movement of reciprocating piston on y-axis direction when vibrating, opening 1106 can provide gap for axis 1302.Frame 1102 mode can be connected to reciprocating piston any one of in various ways.For example, referring briefly to Figure 29, frame may include One or more attachment points (for example, threaded hole) 1107, tensioning member is attached in attachment point 1107 with driver framework.? In some embodiments, as depicted in figures, frame can have two attachment points 1107 balanced on 1102 two sides of frame.Due to The attachment point of balance, the power that reciprocating piston applies can be evenly applied to frame.

Frame 1102 can be made of any material in suitable material in various structures.For example, frame 1102 can be by Material light-weight, that intensity is high is made, such as aluminium (such as alloy；4032,7055,6061,7068,5052,2024,2618), Titanium (such as alloy；Ti-6242), steel (such as ASM alloy；6516,6414,6419,6512,6425,6532,5844), magnesium (example Such as ASM alloy；4429,4425).X-axis component 1130 can be made of any material in suitable material in various structures. For example, x-axis component 1130 can be made of the high material of light-weight, intensity, such as aluminium (such as alloy；4032,7055, 6061,7068,5052,2024,2618), titanium (such as alloy；Ti-6242), steel (such as ASM alloy；6516,6414,6419, 6512,6425,6532,5844), magnesium (such as ASM alloy；4429,4425).

The x-axis component 1130 (being also shown in FIG. 30) of oscillation component 1100 is configured to as frame is along y-axis It moves and is moved together with frame 1102.That is, the direction of motion relative to piston, x-axis component 1130 is connected to frame Frame 1102.However, x-axis component 1130 may be constructed such that relative to frame 1102 along the x for being approximately perpendicular to piston motion Axis is mobile.For example, x-axis component 1130 may include one or more slidingsurfaces 1133, the slidingsurface 1133 is by structure It causes to cooperate and be sliding engaged with one or more slidingsurfaces 1108 of frame 1102.Help allowed x-axis component 1130 slidingsurfaces 1133,1108 mobile relative to frame 1102 may be substantially perpendicular to slidingsurface 1104,1020, slide Surface 1104,1020 allows frame 1102 mobile relative to pedestal 1010.In some embodiments, allow frame 1102 relative to The mobile slidingsurface 1104,1020 of pedestal 1010 can be substantially along y-axis (usually in line with the movement of piston) Setting, the y-axis may be substantially perpendicular to slidingsurface 1133,1108, and slidingsurface 1133,1108 helps allowed x-axis Line component 1130 is mobile relative to frame 1102, and frame 1102 can be arranged along x-axis.Since complementary slidingsurface helps It is moved in the direction y (axial direction) and the direction x (lateral) in permission x-axis component 1130, therefore x-axis component 1130 can be such as (for example, moving along generally circular path) is rotated around output shaft 1302.In addition, slidingsurface 1133 and 1108 can be single Solely or together limitation x-axis component 1130 is slided along z-axis line direction or is moved in other ways.

Slidingsurface form can carry out design and implementation any one of in a variety of manners.For example, slidingsurface can limit Allocate face and/or surface.Slidingsurface, which can also limit, to be helped not being in a desired direction opposite between limiting component Motion characteristics.That is, in some cases, slidingsurface can permit relative motion in the x and y direction, still The relative motion along z-axis line (for example, the direction z) is limited, to help to keep driving mechanism to assemble and one during use It rises.For example, complementary slide surface may include protrusion (for example, flange) on a component and be configured to along another component Receive the recess portion (for example, groove) of flange.In some cases, flange and groove can be set in an x or y direction, and limit z Relative motion on direction.In some embodiments, slidingsurface may include removable and/or interchangeable surface, such as roll Pearl bearing or rolling bearing sliding part (for example, business line style supporting surface, such as Schneeberger type M/V).Such as this field It will be understood by the skilled person that lubricating the surface of all slidingsurfaces and bearing and gear assembly contact, including metal pair Metal surface, for promoting, smooth, low friction is mobile and damage, adherency, scratch and vibration is prevented to be important.This includes logical It crosses pumping lubricant and forced feed lubrication (such as oiling) is carried out to all slidingsurfaces, or by the way that lubricant (such as grease) is close The system lubrication of the sealing in the slide contact zone of moving parts is sealed, or by applying non-adhering surfaces coating (such as Teflon)。

It can be used on output shaft 1302 assigning by the circular motion that the reciprocating motion of piston is applied on x-axis component 1130 Give circle (for example, rotation) movement.As a result, driving mechanism 1000 by purely axial movement (for example, along the direction y, with piston motion at One straight line) it is converted into the movement with x durection component and y durection component, to promote output shaft with continuous tangential force.Namely It says, when x-axis component 1130 is advanced around output shaft, the power of output shaft is driven consistently can tangentially to apply, and exist with piston Position between top dead-centre and bottom dead centre is unrelated.For example, x-axis component 1130 may include external engagement device (for example, annular Power transfer ring gear) 1132, external engagement device 1132 is configured to the adapting device with rotating output shaft component 1300 (such as, being connected to the rotary pinion 1304 of output shaft 1302) handover.As x-axis component 1130 around pinion gear 1304 Consistent circular motion as a result, x-axis component 1130 its along the different directions of x-axis and y-axis advance when, with consistent power Moment arm length applies torsional forces to pinion gear.

External engagement device 1132 couples (for example, fixed) usually relative to x-axis component 1130.External engagement device 1132 can be used fastener, adhesive or mechanical connection (such as welding) any one of in various ways mode (including Press-fit is heat-shrinked connection) it is connected to x-axis component 1130.In some cases, external engagement device 1132 and x-axis portion Part 1130 can be manufactured into unitary members, which has machining or casting or directly formed in other ways To the feature (for example, gear teeth of handover groove) in x-axis component 1130.

Pinion gear 1304 and external engagement device 1132 can be based on the sides for the engine that driving mechanism is used therewith Face determines size and construction.For example, the diameter (for example, pitch diameter in the case where ring gear) of external engagement device 1132 can To be twice of engine strokes length.Twice that external engagement device is formed as length of stroke can permit oscillation component 1100 along y-axis advance with piston advance during stroke at a distance from identical distance.Pinion gear 1304 diameter (for example, Pitch diameter) usually it is substantially equal to the piston stroke length of engine.As a result, the oscillation of driving mechanism can be with the reciprocating motion of piston More coordinate.When pinion gear is moved to bottom dead centre from top dead-centre and returns and is complete one turn mobile, the pinion gear that so constructs 1304 and the diameter of ring gear 1132 allow x-axis component to rotate around one complete 360 degree of pinion gear 1304.

Driving mechanism 1000 may also include idle pulley (for example, engagement) component 1200, and idler sheave assemblies 1200 can provide power to protect Hold external engagement device 1132 with pinion gear 1304 is consistent contacts.For example, idler sheave assemblies 1200 can be with applied force, so that in work In the entire stroke of plug, the gear teeth of external engagement device 1132 and the gear teeth secure engagement of pinion gear 1304.In some realities It applies in example, idler sheave assemblies 1200 can be inclined in a z-direction relative to driving external engagement device 1132 and driven pinion 1304 It moves, and may include the joint element that rotates for being connected to x-axis component 1130 or being formed in x-axis component 1130 (for example, setting element (for example, column, roller, pulley, sprocket wheel or gear) 1202.That is, idler sheave assemblies 1200 can position In on the opposite side different from external engagement device 1132 of x-axis component 1130.Setting element 1202 can be connected to pedestal 1010 joint element is (for example, fixed engagement component is (for example, complementary characteristic is (for example, column, roller, pulley, belt, sprocket wheel, chain Item, gear or the joint element that rotates are engageable in feature wherein, such as groove or recess portion)) 1204 handover.Setting element 1202 usually substantially in the center that center is located at external engagement device 1132 (for example, concentric).Complementary characteristic 1204 can be with It is aligned with pinion gear 1304 (for example, coaxially, concentrically).By the way that setting element 1202 is aligned with external engagement device 1132, And complementary characteristic 1204 is aligned with pinion gear 1304, external engagement device 1132 can smoothly be moved around pinion gear 1304 Dynamic and constantly engaging pinion 1304, so that as frame 1102 moves back and forth and x-axis component 1130 in y-direction It moves back and forth in the x direction, output shaft 1302 persistently rotates, to providing mobile and torque from reciprocator to output Axis.As a result, driving mechanism 1000 can more be balanced than some other driving devices, for example, output shaft is misaligned with piston translation Those of driving device.

As shown, in some cases, in x-axis component 1130 and output shaft can be set in setting element 1202 On 1302 opposite sides.Setting element 1202 can be rotationally fixed to x-axis component 1130, such as fixed gear, and Complementary characteristic 1204 can be the rotatable gear attached from pedestal.However, in some cases, setting element 1202 can be by It is configured to rotate, and complementary characteristic 1204 can be fixed.In some cases, setting element 1202 and complementary characteristic 1204 could be configured to rotate.In some embodiments, as shown, idler sheave assemblies can be configured and positioned to so that Handover contact point between setting element 1202 and complementary characteristic 1204 and the friendship between engagement device 1132 and pinion gear 1304 The rotation axis that contact point is connect about output shaft 1302 is opposite.The size of corresponding setting element 1202 and complementary characteristic 1204 can be with Variation.In the case where roller or gear, the combined diameter (for example, pitch diameter) of setting element 1202 and complementary characteristic 1204 is usual Equal to the diameter of pinion gear 1304.This size design can contribute to provide consistent contact force, to keep pinion gear 1304 It is contacted with engagement device 1132.In some embodiments, the pitch diameter of various gears can be configured to that mutual relationship makes can To realize continuous tangential driving.For example, the pitch diameter of pinion gear 1304 is substantially equal to piston stroke, engagement device is (in such as Gear ring) 1132 it is substantially equal to twice of pitch diameter of pinion gear 1304 and the component (setting element 1202 of idler sheave assemblies (as pinion gear) and complementary characteristic 1204 (as pinion gear)) the sum of width (such as pitch diameter) be substantially equal to pinion gear 1304 pitch diameter.

Shown in the sequence rough schematic view as shown in Figure 26 A-26I, as the reciprocating motion of piston is sliding via one group of complementation Dynamic surface drives x-axis component 1130 along circular path, and engagement device (for example, ring gear form) 1132 makes pinion gear 1304 and output shaft 1302 rotate.As the skilled person will appreciate, Figure 26 A-26I has been simplified to schematically Indicate the interaction between all parts of driving mechanism.The movement of x-axis component and y-axis component is in the direction x and the direction y On be that substantially (for example, pure) is sinusoidal so that peak value axial velocity usually occurs at their own midstroke, and Minimum axial velocity (that is, zero) usually occurs in the end of each stroke.Setting element 1202 and complementary characteristic 1204 Between handover help to maintain engagement device 1132 and contacted with pinion gear 1304.Since Figure 26 A-26I is reduced to schematic diagram (that is, for the sake of clarity, physics idler sheave assemblies component is omitted), by the friendship between setting element 1202 and complementary characteristic 1204 Power caused by connecing is in Figure 26 A-26I by idle pulley power F_IIt indicates.In addition, engagement device 1132 rotates with x-axis component 1130.x Axis component 1130 facilitates around the circular path of pinion gear 1304 to 1304 applied force of pinion gear, and the power is in the entire of piston The moment arm being consistent in reciprocating motion.In some respects, engagement device 1132, pinion gear 1304 and setting element 1202/ Complementary characteristic 1204 is considered one group of planetary gear, and wherein setting element 1202 is sun gear, and pinion gear 1304 is Planet pinion, and engagement device 1132 is fixed outer gear ring.However, in this case, rotary pinion 1304 is protected It holds at center, and setting element 1202 and engagement device 1132 transmit rotation around pinion gear movement and export, rather than planet Gear and gear ring are rotated around sun gear.

It is expected that driving mechanism described herein can be used for obtaining more power from internal combustion engine, and with conventional crankshaft system System is compared, and more linear forces from reciprocating piston are converted into rotation torque.For example, with conventional crankshaft reciprocating mechanism Power compared with torque relationship, the power and torque relationship of driving mechanism 1000 are shown in Figure 34, Figure 35, Figure 36 and Figure 37, and It is discussed below.

Figure 34 shows the relationship between the force vector on the gear of exemplary mechanism 1000, force vector by various gears section Diameter is (for example, the section of the pitch diameter 1501 of engagement device (ring gear) 1132, the pitch diameter 1503 of pinion gear 1304, setting element 1202 The pitch diameter 1504 of diameter 1502 and complementary characteristic 1204) it indicates.In example driving mechanism 1000, pitch diameter 1501 and 1502 is substantially It is fixed with mutual relationship, so that the movement of a pitch diameter will correspond to the movement of another pitch diameter, and is applied to a section The power of diameter is by the power for being applied to another pitch diameter (for example, ring gear 1132 and setting element 1202 are moved as a unit It is dynamic).In addition, pitch diameter 1503 and 1504 is fixed in x-y coordinate, and is not translated in example driving mechanism 1000.Permit Perhaps pinion gear 1304 associated with pitch diameter 1503 rotates.As shown, vertical force F is (that is, it can be from reciprocating work The power of plug) it is applied to pitch diameter 1501 and 1502, and the power is divided into two component, normal force component F simultaneously_NAnd tangential force Component F_T.Normal force vector F_NPerpendicular to tangential force vector F_T, and it is typically directed across all four Gear axis.In tooth Position top dead-centre (TDC) of wheel transmission device, normal force F_NThe tangential force that is equal to nothing F_TTotal vertical force F of component.Accurate Tdc position, vertical force will not usually cause moving in rotation, and the movement Jing Guo this state by rotation gear assembly and The momentum of the whole devices (such as power train, generator, pump etc.) coupled with gear assembly is completed.At the position accurate T DC This state and conventional crankshaft connecting rod system experience state it is essentially identical.It acts on the gear of driving mechanism 1000 and logical It crosses these gears and the power acted in the various pieces (for example, face of gear) of these gears is very big, and constantly change.This is right The cogged strength of materials of institute of mechanism 1000 proposes very high requirement.The material of gear assembly can be any high Strength materials, and in some cases including hard-faced material.Examples material may include in many materials Any one, including case-hardened steel, such as: DIN-EN MnCr steel (such as 20MnCr5,20MoCr4,20CrMo5), DIN- EN NiCrMo steel (such as 20NiCrMo6-4,18CrNiMo7-6,14NiCrMol3-4,17NiCrMo6-5).

Force component is further decomposed into x and y-component by Figure 36, and is shown as x and y power and spacing mechanism top of stroke Angular distance function torque mathematical relationship.As shown in figure 36, vertical force F can be expressed as F=F_y=P (θ) A, It is piston area that wherein P (θ), which is as the cylinder pressure and A of the function of the angle from TDC,；M=rsin θ, wherein r be The radius (or half of pitch diameter 1503) of pinion gear 1304 and the length for indicating torque arm；n =r·cosθ；F_T = F_Y·sin θ；Fx =F_T·cosθ；And F_X = F_Y·sinθ·cosθ.As a result, being applied to the total torque T of output shaft due to two component It can be expressed as follows: T=F_X·n + F_Y·m = F_Y·sinθ·cosθ·r· cosθ+ F_Y·r·sinθ.These tables It can simplify up to formula are as follows: T=P (θ) Arsin θ cos²θ+P(θ)·A·r·sinθ。

Figure 35 is shown for conventional crankshaft reciprocating mechanism, as x power and y power and away from the angular distance of top of stroke Function torque mathematical relationship.As shown in figure 35, vertical force F can be expressed as F=F_y=P (θ) A, wherein P (θ) be Cylinder pressure and A as the function from TDC angle are piston areas；sinα=m/l, wherein α be connecting rod angle andL is The length of connecting rod；M=r sin θ, wherein r is the radius of crankshaft；n = cosθ；α= sin^-1 ((r·sinθ)/l)；F_X= F·sinα；And F_Y=F·cosα.As a result, the total torque T for being applied to crankshaft can be expressed as follows: T=F_x·n + F_Y·m = F·sinα·r·cosθ+F·cosα·r·sinθ.Therefore, torque T is equal to T=Fr (sin α cos θ)+Fr (cos α sin θ).Simplify expression, T=P (θ) Ar (sin α cos θ)+P (θ) Ar(cos α sin θ).

Figure 37 is that (its torque is retouched in Figure 35 with the example torque for the conventional crankshaft connecting rod system for being applied to internal combustion engine Draw) it compares, the example torque calculated for the tangential driving mechanism 1000 for being applied to internal combustion engine (retouch in Figure 36 by its torque Draw) calculated curve figure, both used as the identical pressure (power) of the function of angle, identical torque arm lengths r= 1.87 ", the case where and for conventional crankshaft-link rod engine, using the representative value of length of connecting rod,l= 5.78".Depict x With the torque value of y-component and total value, and the torque value during identical 180 degree expansion stroke is depicted.As shown in Figure 37, it drives The instantaneous torque of mechanism 1000 is consistently greater than the instantaneous torque of crank mechanism, and the overall average torque ratio of driving mechanism 1000 is normal The overall average torque for advising crankshaft connecting rod system is high by about 33%.In addition, it is apparent that the x-axis of the connecting rod of crank mechanism is moved in Figure 37 The negative effect of dynamic (for example, away and towards central longitudinal axis of piston), wherein after 90 degree, have negative shadow to torque It rings.There is no this effects for changing x-axis position in driving mechanism 1000.

Referring back to Figure 24-33, output shaft 1302 may be coupled to one or more additional power train parts, this takes Certainly in the desired embodiment of driving mechanism or use field.As shown, in some embodiments, output gear 1306 can It is connected to output shaft 1302.

As described herein, by the driving mechanism that reciprocal axial motion is converted into substantially continuous radial motion can be used for it is various not In same application.For example, driving mechanism 1000 can be implemented and be used in the mode similar with power delivery apparatus 400, with Internal combustion engine handover.In some embodiments, tensioning apparatus (for example, pull rod) can be with the side similar with above-mentioned pull rod 206 Frame 1102 is axially coupled to reciprocating piston by formula.Figure 27 and 28 depicts an example embodiment.For the sake of clarity, Example shown in Figure 27 and 28 is shown as with pedestal 1010, and complementary characteristic 1204 is typically mounted on pedestal 1010, pedestal 1010 are removed to provide the without hindrance view of driving mechanism.However, pedestal, which can be manufactured into, is attached to the independent of engine Component, or it is manufactured into the structure that driving mechanism 1000 is connected to engine cylinder body.

As in figs. 27 and 28, multiple driving mechanisms 1000 can be used together, wherein corresponding output shaft 1302 is mechanical Ground is connected to combined drive shaft 1402.Any one of various devices, which may be used to driving, has single output shaft 1302 Combined drive shaft 1402, belt and pulley, chain and sprocket wheel, gear etc..Shown example includes gear set 1303, and being used for will Driving mechanism (for example, output gear) 1306 is connected to combined drive shaft 1402.As described above, although driving machine can be used Structure 1000 and combined drive shaft 1402 extract power from engine, but engine may include crankshaft-and-connecting-rod, crankshaft and Connecting rod can be used for promoting the reciprocating motion of piston and make piston back toward top dead center.

Driving mechanism, such as driving mechanism described above as driving mechanism 1000, can additionally or alternatively by Implement that power of IC engine is transported to rotation drive shaft to replace conventional crankshaft-and-connecting-rod system.Such as Figure 31 and 32 Shown, driving mechanism 1000 can be set between 50 inner piston of engine cylinder body and drive shaft 1402, rather than use across The pull rod device of combustion chamber setting is connected to piston.For example, replacing conventional connecting rod, frame 2102 can be directly coupled to start The piston 304 opposite with combustion chamber 75 in machine cylinder body 50.As shown, frame 2102 can be designed and configured to be similar to Connecting rod with beam-like neck 2104, beam-like neck 2104 are for example connected to piston using wrist pin or similar connector.

In some embodiments, cylinder body 50 can be used as pedestal, and driving mechanism 1000 can connect (for example, fastening, connection) and arrive On pedestal.Specifically, complementary characteristic 1204 can be for example mounted on being similar to mode of the crankshaft installed in conventional engine In engine cylinder body 50, such as use axle journal and bearing.For the sake of clarity, the transparent engine of the example in Figure 31 Cylinder body 50 is shown, and Figure 32 is shown in the case where no engine cylinder body 50, to be clearly shown driving mechanism 1000。

Since in these embodiments, driving mechanism 1000 is arranged in engine cylinder body 50, so engine is other Tip part, such as air inlet, cylinder cap, valve, fuel injection and igniting (such as spark plug or compression ignition) can keep with It is similar or essentially identical used in other conventional internal combustion engines.

The other embodiment of driving mechanism is also possible.In some embodiments, the internal combustion engine of modification can be with Including driving mechanism, driving mechanism is each coupled to two opposed pistons, and two opposed pistons move back and forth each other.Example Such as, with reference to Figure 33, engine may include one or more driving mechanisms, which includes being directly connected to two pistons 304 frame 2202, wherein the motion path of piston and frame is substantially each other in a straight line.For the sake of clarity, in Figure 33 Engine cylinder body is shown as transparent.Frame 2202 can include two opposite beam-like necks 2104 in opposite end, such as make Piston is connected to wrist pin or similar connector.The alternate reciprocating motion for being connected to two pistons 304 of frame 2202 can be with Lead to the consistent alternating movement of frame 2202, to provide the consistent movement that x-axis component 1130 surrounds pinion gear 1304, this has Help the moment arm being consistent in the entire reciprocating motion of piston to 1304 applied force of pinion gear, the power.It is this with pair The engine for setting piston is referred to alternatively as horizontal engine, double piston motor or pancake engine sometimes.This In opposed pistons construction, two pistons only need a frame 2202, so as to reduce total number of parts of engine.

In some embodiments, have basicly stable or constant force moment arm defeated with the power for generating increased torque and power The a part for sending device to can be used as EM Engine Modification external member (for example, engine modification external member) is included, the engine Modification external member can be installed on engine for using.For example, in some embodiments, piston and connecting rod and engine Tip part (for example, cylinder head and valve mechanism, ignition system, fuel system etc.) can be held in place, and lower end (for example, engine cylinder body (or part of it) and crankshaft group) is replaced, so as to by individual power delivery apparatus and power Output shaft is installed in existing engine system.This repacking external member can be used as increasing the output torque and function of available engine The method of rate.

Although power delivery apparatus is generally described as having the torque torque of consistent (for example, constant or constant) length Arm, which has consistent (for example, constant or constant) length, and in entire expansion stroke, which is its maximum , constant length, but some variations of moment arm length are possible.For example, in some embodiments, power conveying dress Set the moment arm that (for example, interface portion of rotating member or pull rod) is constructed such that act on output shaft be not with it most Big value and it is completely constant.In some cases, when tensioning apparatus translates and joins with rotating parts, moment arm length is omited It changes.For example, when rack gear and rotary pinion join, or when chain and rotating sprocket handover, moment arm may It is slightly changed.

The typical maximum moment arm lengths of conventional reciprocating engine can be crank throw or the half of engine strokes；So And different engines is designed, this might have variation.Because conventional reciprocating engine usually have from 0 length ( At the crank shaft angle of 0 degree of ATDC and 180 degree) arrive the torque moment arm that its maximum length (at 90 degree of ATDC of crank shaft angle) changes Length, thus any moment arm length for being less than the range (that is, 0 arrives maximum value) variation it is estimated by be torque generation improvement. For example, in some cases, when pull rod is with reciprocating motion of the pistons, the length of consistent length torque arm assembly described herein Variation can from about 0% to about 50% (for example, about 0% to about 40%, about 0% to about 30%, about 0% to about 20%, about 0% to about 15%, About 0% to about 10%, about 0% to about 5%, about 0% to about 2%, about 0% to about 1%, about 0% to about 0.5%, about 0% to about 0.1%, about 0% to About 0.001%), and it will realize and find to improve.

It should be noted that these descriptions and geometrical relationship are basic above crankshaft axis (such as axis) herein for being arranged in Vertically-aligned cylinder has carried out general description.However, the reciprocating hair of different configuration also can be used in principle described herein Motivation is implemented.That is, presented herein for description from crankshaft extraction power and from constant length moment arm The equation that independent power delivery apparatus (for example, power train) extracts the difference between power can be constructed based on specific engines Adjust or update, but it is estimated for the engine of different configuration it is observed that constant moment arm engine it is increased defeated Out.

Although wherein they are for controlling linear fortune in addition, the example of this paper is usually directed to the embodiment of driving mechanism The rotary motion of output shaft is moved and is converted into, but other examples are also possible.For example, in some cases, driving Mechanism, such as driving mechanism described above as driving mechanism 1000 can be additionally or alternatively carried out reciprocal to replace The conventional crankshaft-and-connecting-rod system of formula pump and compressor.As it will appreciated by a person of ordinary skill, in such a case, it is possible to making With the basic element of character of driving mechanism 1000, but the rotation input of rotary shaft is converted into the reciprocating motion of piston component.

Therefore, above-mentioned output precision (for example, output shaft assembly 1300) will alternatively function as input shaft assembly.Similarly, Output pinion 1304 will act as input pinion gear.In this case, by mechanism 1000 from driving pinion 1304 to from The increase of the torque transmitting of piston component will be tended to increase overall mechanical efficiency.

Although there have been described herein various embodiments, but it is to be understood that they are in merely by exemplary mode Now with description, and the claim of subsidiary presentation any specific construction or structure member are not limited to.It is therefore preferable that The range and range of embodiment should not be limited by any of any of above exemplary structure or embodiment, and should be only It is limited according to following following claims and its equivalent.

Claims

1. a kind of reciprocating engine, comprising:

Limit the engine cylinder body of at least one cylinder；

At least one piston component moved back and forth at least one described cylinder；And

For generating the driving mechanism that rotary motion exports from the reciprocating motion input of piston component, the driving mechanism includes:

The y-axis component of axial translation is configured to input relative to pedestal with the reciprocating motion of the piston component along y Axis moves back and forth, and the y-axis component is slidably attached to the pedestal；

X-axis component, is slidably attached to the y-axis component and as the y-axis component is translated along y-axis, institute State x-axis component: i) being configured to move back and forth relative to the y-axis component basically perpendicular to y-axis, ii) it include internal tooth Circle and iii) it include the joint element that rotates being arranged with the ring gear essentially concentric；

Output shaft assembly, the output shaft assembly are rotationally coupled on pedestal, and have output pinion, the small tooth of output Wheel with the ring gear join and it is tangentially engaging；And

Fixed engagement component, the fixed engagement component are connected to the pedestal or are integrally formed along the pedestal, and With the output shaft assembly essentially concentric, the joint element that rotates of the fixed engagement component and the x-axis component joins simultaneously Tangentially engaging, handover between the fixed engagement component and the joint element that rotates of the x-axis component is to the x-axis portion Part applied force, in keeping described when the ring gear rotates around the output pinion and drives the output pinion Contact between gear ring and the output pinion is to drive the driving gear of engine driving shaft assembly.

2. engine according to claim 1, wherein the reciprocating engine includes opposed pistons multicylinder engine, Wherein, the y-axis component of the axial translation is connected to two opposed pistons.

3. engine according to claim 1, wherein the fixed engagement component includes rotatable element.

4. engine according to claim 1, wherein the fixed engagement component includes recess portion, the joint portion that rotates Part and the recess portion join.

5. engine according to claim 1, wherein the joint element that rotates includes gear or roller.

6. engine according to claim 1, wherein the pitch diameter of the output pinion is substantially equal to described reciprocating The length of stroke of engine, and the pitch diameter of the ring gear is substantially equal to the two of the length of stroke of the reciprocating engine Times, and rotate the sum of the joint element and the respective pitch diameter of the fixed engagement component be substantially equal to it is described reciprocating The length of stroke of engine.

7. engine according to claim 1, wherein the output shaft assembly includes torque transmitting gear, the torque Torque is transmitted to the driving gear of the engine driving shaft assembly by transmission gear from the output shaft assembly.

8. engine according to claim 7, wherein the torque transmitting gear includes sprocket wheel and chain assemblies.

9. engine according to claim 1, wherein the pedestal includes a part of the engine cylinder body.

10. engine according to claim 1, wherein the y-axis component includes line style supporting surface, the y-axis Component is slided relative to the pedestal along the line style supporting surface as the reciprocating motion is inputted.

11. engine according to claim 10, wherein it is opposite that the line style supporting surface limits the y-axis component In movement of the pedestal other than the direction for moving back and forth input.

12. engine according to claim 1, wherein the x-axis component includes line style supporting surface, the x-axis Component is slided along the line style supporting surface basically perpendicular to the direction for moving back and forth input.

13. a kind of reciprocating motion input of piston component for from reciprocating engine generates the driving machine of rotary motion output Structure, the driving mechanism include:

The y-axis component of axial translation is configured to input relative to pedestal with the reciprocating motion of the piston component along y Axis moves back and forth, and the y-axis component is attached to the pedestal；

X-axis component, is slidably attached to the y-axis component and as the y-axis component is translated along y-axis, institute State x-axis component: i) being configured to move back and forth relative to the y-axis component basically perpendicular to y-axis, ii) it include internal tooth Circle and iii) it include the joint element that rotates being arranged with ring gear essentially concentric；

Output shaft assembly, is rotationally coupled to the pedestal, and has output pinion, the output pinion with it is described interior Gear ring handover is simultaneously tangentially engaging；With

Fixed engagement component, the fixed engagement component are connected to the pedestal or are integrally formed along the pedestal, and With the output shaft assembly essentially concentric, the joint element that rotates of the fixed engagement component and the x-axis component joins simultaneously Tangentially engaging, handover between the joint element that rotates of the fixed engagement component and the x-axis component is to the x-axis Line component applied force, to keep institute when the ring gear rotates around the output pinion and drives the output pinion State the tangentially engaging drive shaft to drive the engine between ring gear and the output pinion.

14. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the reciprocating engine includes that opposed pistons multi-cylinder starts Machine, wherein the axial translation y-axis component is connected to two opposed pistons.

15. driving mechanism according to claim 14, wherein the reciprocating engine includes internal combustion engine.

16. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the reciprocating engine includes in-line arrangement multi-cylinder burning hair Motivation.

17. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the fixed engagement component includes rotatable element.

18. driving mechanism according to claim 17, wherein the rotatable element includes gear.

19. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the fixed engagement component includes recess portion, described around switching It closes component and the recess portion joins.

20. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the joint element that rotates includes gear or roller.

21. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the joint element that rotates includes shaft device.

22. driving mechanism according to claim 21, wherein the shaft device is fixedly coupled to the x-axis component Or it is formed in the x-axis component.

23. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the pitch diameter of the output pinion is substantially equal to described past The length of stroke of compound engine, and the pitch diameter of the ring gear is substantially equal to the length of stroke of the reciprocating engine Twice, and rotate the sum of the joint element and the respective pitch diameter of the fixed engagement component be substantially equal to it is described past The length of stroke of compound engine.

24. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the output shaft assembly includes torque transmitting gear, described Torque is transmitted to the drive shaft from the output shaft assembly by torque transmitting gear.

25. driving mechanism according to claim 24, wherein the torque transmitting gear includes sprocket wheel and chain assemblies.

26. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the pedestal includes a part of engine cylinder body.

27. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the pedestal includes the portion for being attached to the engine cylinder body Part.

28. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the y-axis component includes line style supporting surface, the y Axis component is slided relative to the pedestal along the line style supporting surface with described move back and forth.

29. driving mechanism according to claim 28, wherein the line style supporting surface limits the y-axis component phase For movement of the pedestal other than the direction for moving back and forth input.

30. driving mechanism according to claim 13, wherein the x-axis component includes line style supporting surface, the x Axis component is slided along the line style supporting surface basically perpendicular to the direction for moving back and forth input.

31. a kind of axial force by the reciprocating motion input from reciprocating motion element is converted to the torsion for being applied to output shaft assembly Square and/or the torque axis applied from the output shaft assembly is exchanged for the reciprocating motion element reciprocating motion axial direction The method of power, which comprises

Apply axial force to move the y-axis component of axial translation, the y-axis component of the axial translation is configured to work The reciprocating motion input of plug assembly is moved back and forth relative to pedestal along y-axis, and the y-axis component is slidably attached to the base Seat；

Axial force is transmitted by x-axis component, the x-axis component is slidably attached to the y-axis component and with the y Axis component is translated along y-axis, the x-axis component: i) being configured to relative to the y-axis component basically perpendicular to y Axis moves back and forth, ii) include ring gear and iii) it include the joint portion that rotates being arranged with the ring gear essentially concentric Part；With

By the axial force transmission to output shaft assembly, the output shaft assembly is rotationally coupled to the pedestal and has output Pinion gear, the output pinion join and tangentially engaging with the ring gear, wherein being connected to the pedestal or along described Pedestal is integrally formed and engages with the fixed engagement component of the output shaft assembly essentially concentric with the rotating for x-axis component Component handover is simultaneously tangentially engaging, handover between the fixed engagement component and the joint element that rotates of the x-axis component to The x-axis component applied force, it is described to be transmitted in the axial force as the torque consistently applied from the ring gear Keep tangentially engaging between the ring gear and the output pinion when output pinion, and vice versa.

32. according to the method for claim 31, wherein the fixed engagement component includes rotatable element.

33. according to the method for claim 31, wherein the joint element that rotates includes gear or roller.

34. according to the method for claim 31, wherein the y-axis component includes line style supporting surface, the y-axis Component is slided relative to the pedestal along the line style supporting surface with described move back and forth.

35. according to the method for claim 31, wherein the x-axis component includes line style supporting surface, the x-axis Component is slided along the line style supporting surface basically perpendicular to the direction for moving back and forth input.

36. a kind of be converted into the reciprocal axial force of the reciprocating motion from reciprocating motion element to be applied to the torque of output shaft Method, which comprises

Apply axial force as the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating motion element slides axial translation part relative to the output shaft Part, wherein the axial translation component is axially coupled to the ring gear engaged with the output shaft, and the ring gear is by structure It causes to slide on the direction of the reciprocating motion basically perpendicular to the reciprocating motion element relative to the axial translation component；

It is kept between the ring gear and the output shaft using the idler sheave assemblies fixed relative to the ring gear essentially concentric Contact；With

As the axial translation component and the ring gear being connected to thereon slide axially relative to the output shaft, allow institute State ring gear under the action of the idler sheave assemblies basically perpendicular to the reciprocating motion element reciprocating motion direction on Sliding, so that the ring gear rotates during the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating motion element around the output shaft, and Consistently apply torque to the output shaft.

37. according to the method for claim 36, wherein the ring gear is allowed to be substantially perpendicular to the reciprocating motion The square upward sliding of the reciprocating motion of element includes allowing the ring gear along one or more supporting surfaces relative to described Axial translation component is mobile.

38. according to the method for claim 36, wherein keep the ring gear and the output using the idler sheave assemblies Contact between axis includes being applied using fixed engagement component to the joint element that rotates that the ring gear essentially concentric is arranged Power, the fixed engagement component are connected to pedestal or are integrally formed along pedestal, and with the output shaft essentially concentric.

39. one kind is moved back and forth for inputting to generate rotary motion output and/or generate from Rotary motion input from reciprocating motion The driving mechanism of output, the driving mechanism include:

The y-axis component of axial translation is configured to back and forth transport relative to pedestal along y-axis as the reciprocating motion is inputted Dynamic, the y-axis component is attached to the pedestal；

Fixed engagement component, the fixed engagement component are connected to the pedestal or are integrally formed along pedestal, and with institute State output shaft assembly essentially concentric, the joint element handover and tangential of rotating of the fixed engagement component and the x-axis component Engagement, the handover between the fixed engagement component and the joint element that rotates of the x-axis component are applied to the x-axis component Reinforcing, to be kept between the ring gear and the output pinion when the ring gear rotates around the output pinion It is tangentially engaging.

40. driving mechanism according to claim 39, wherein the pitch diameter of the output pinion is substantially equal to a length Unit, and the pitch diameter of the ring gear is substantially equal to twice of the pitch diameter of the output pinion, and the engagement that rotates The sum of respective pitch diameter of component and the fixed engagement component is substantially equal to the pitch diameter of the output pinion.

41. a kind of reciprocating compressor or pump, comprising:

Limit the cylinder block of at least one cylinder；

For generating the driving mechanism of the reciprocating motion of the piston component from Rotary motion input, the driving mechanism includes:

Shaft assembly is inputted, the input shaft assembly is rotationally coupled to pedestal, and has input pinion gear, the input pinion gear Join with the ring gear and tangentially engaging；And

Fixed engagement component, the fixed engagement component are connected to the pedestal or are integrally formed along the pedestal, and With the input shaft assembly essentially concentric, the joint element that rotates of the fixed engagement component and the x-axis component joins simultaneously Tangentially engaging, handover between the fixed engagement component and the joint element that rotates of the x-axis component is to the x-axis portion Part applied force, to rotate in the ring gear around the input pinion gear of the input shaft assembly and by the input shaft assembly The contact between the ring gear and the output pinion is kept when the input pinion gear driving.

42. compressor according to claim 41 or pump, wherein the pitch diameter of the output pinion is substantially equal to described The length of stroke of reciprocating compressor or pump, and the pitch diameter of the ring gear is substantially equal to the stroke of the compressor or pump Twice of length, and the sum of the joint element and the respective pitch diameter of the fixed engagement component of rotating is substantially equal to institute State the length of stroke of compressor or pump.