CN109962479A - A kind of synchronous capacitor electric parameter distribution joint discrimination method based on alternating iteration optimization - Google Patents
A kind of synchronous capacitor electric parameter distribution joint discrimination method based on alternating iteration optimization Download PDFInfo
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- CN109962479A CN109962479A CN201910241830.6A CN201910241830A CN109962479A CN 109962479 A CN109962479 A CN 109962479A CN 201910241830 A CN201910241830 A CN 201910241830A CN 109962479 A CN109962479 A CN 109962479A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1885—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using rotating means, e.g. synchronous generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of synchronous capacitor electric parameters based on alternating iteration optimization to be distributed joint discrimination method, comprising the following steps: establishes synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model；Synchronous capacitor upset test scheme is formulated, the test data under different upset tests is obtained；Data prediction is carried out to the test data that upset test obtains；Using synchronous capacitor mathematical model, trajectory sensitivity analysis is carried out to synchronous capacitor electric parameter；Using amendment damped least square method and alternating direction multipliers method, the distribution joint identification of phase modifier electric parameter is synchronized.The method of identification synchronous capacitor electric parameter of the invention, can accurate recognition go out synchronous capacitor operation when transient state, stable state electric parameter, it can effectively improve the utilization rate of test data and the accuracy of synchronous capacitor electric parameter identification, the time of the synchronous capacitor electric parameter that effectively shortens identification, economic value with higher and engineering practical value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to synchronous capacitor design, the identification of synchronous capacitor electric parameter and electrical network analysis calculating fields, especially
It is a kind of synchronous capacitor electric parameter distribution joint discrimination method based on alternating iteration optimization.
Background technique
Currently, with the continuous improvement of remote extra-high voltage DC transmission system transmission line capability, voltage class, in converter station
The capacity requirement of reactive compensation is also increasing.The compensation of dynamic reactive plays very the voltage stabilization of DC transmission system
Important role is increasingly taken seriously.The problem of high-capacity direct current transmission system dynamic reactive deficiency is mainly reflected at present:
First is that extra-high voltage direct-current receiving end power grid dynamic reactive is insufficient.Extra-high voltage direct-current transmission can convey active power on a large scale, according to straight
Flow design principle, direct current itself not to system provide dynamic reactive, and direct current feed-in replace conventional energy resource, cause receiving end power grid without
Function is insufficient, need to largely absorb from system idle in dynamic process, and receiving end Network Voltage Stability problem is further prominent；Second is that direct current is weak
Sending capacity of short circuit is insufficient.The extensive concentration exploitation of wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic causes direct current transportation sending end power grid weak, short-circuit
Off-capacity, direct-current commutation failure may cause blower large area off-grid.Therefore with the fast development of extra-high voltage direct-current, cleaning
Large-scale development, the large scale of the energy are occurred by the concentration in electric area, and power grid characteristic varies widely, some areas dynamic nothing
The decline of function deposit, the insufficient outstanding problem of voltage support, become the main problem of bulk power grid safety and stability.It is big that this requires direct currents
The active conveying of scale, it is necessary to match extensive dynamic reactive.
Reactive power compensator mainly includes synchronous capacitor, Static Var Compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator
(STATCOM), capacitor, quiet when system is run by the junctions such as converter station voltage fluctuation is caused compared with large disturbances
Only the devices such as reactive-load compensator cannot provide the dynamic passive compensation for meeting and needing, in spy because being limited by working principle in time
Under the different method of operation, it may occur that Voltage Instability problem, crisis system are stablized.It is synchronous compared to other two kinds of compensation ways
Phase modifier has the advantages that capacity is bigger, reliability is higher, dynamic maintenance voltage ability is strong.It, can in grid disturbance
Large capacity dynamic reactive is provided in time by encouraging by force.The corresponding fast, short-time overload capacity of the Reactive-power control of large capacity synchronous capacitor
By force, reactive power output is influenced smaller by system voltage, and short-time overload capacity is strong；Good operation stability does not generate harmonic wave substantially；
Service life is long, and General Life is 30 years.Therefore, synchronized phase modifier is as a kind of dynamic passive compensation equipment, extensively
For Chinese extra-high voltage DC transmission system.
The precision of large capacity synchronous capacitor model and electric parameter will be directly related to Model for Stability Calculation of Power System result
Precision, and influence control strategy.Currently, the generator of most of power plant, China the electrical electric parameter data of synchronous capacitor
It is incomplete, and conventional method surveys resulting synchronous capacitor electric parameter and design parameter certain difference.Compared to biography
The test method of system, it is at low cost using discrimination method acquisition synchronous capacitor electric parameter, it is easy to operate.Synchronized phase modifier
It is similar to synchronous motor structure and working principle, but synchronized phase modifier does not have motive power, and quadrature axis electric parameter is not easy to recognize.
For synchronous motor, domestic and international researcher proposes a variety of identification algorithms, for example, least square method, genetic algorithm, neural network,
Ant group algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, Kalman filter and evolution algorithm etc., but effect is undesirable.Studies have shown that simple research is calculated
Method is difficult to solve the problems, such as to solve ambiguity and constringent.The characteristics of not sending out active power for synchronized phase modifier, needs
Research is suitable for the electric parameter discrimination method of synchronous capacitor, and formulates the universal test scheme for meeting execute-in-place condition.
Summary of the invention
Combine the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of synchronous capacitor electric parameter distribution based on alternating iteration optimization and distinguishes
Knowledge method effectively improves the utilization rate of test data and the accuracy of synchronous capacitor electric parameter identification, effectively shortens synchronization
The time of phase modifier electric parameter identification.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
A kind of synchronous capacitor electric parameter distribution joint discrimination method based on alternating iteration optimization, including following step
It is rapid:
Establish synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model；
Synchronous capacitor upset test scheme is formulated, the test data under different upset tests is obtained；
Data prediction is carried out to the test data that upset test obtains；
Using synchronous capacitor mathematical model, trajectory sensitivity analysis is carried out to synchronous capacitor electric parameter；
Using amendment damped least square method and alternating direction multipliers method, phase modifier electric parameter distribution joint is synchronized
Identification.
Further, described to establish synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model, it specifically includes:
The synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model for not considering saturation effect is established, which recognizes five electricity of q axis
Gas parameter, i.e. Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0"；
The synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model for considering saturation effect is established, which needs to recognize seven electrical ginsengs
Number, i.e. Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0",a,b；
Establishing includes saturation effect and the synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model for marking change error, and mathematical model needs are distinguished
Know 8 electric parameters, i.e. Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0”、K、a、b。
Further, the formulation synchronous capacitor upset test scheme, obtains the test data under different upset tests,
It specifically includes:
Synchronous capacitor under different operating conditions, maintains idle power output constant, applying one in energized circuit makes machine respectively
Voltage undulation is greater than 2% disturbance quantity, and records U in entire excitation step disturbance testing experiment with data oscillographa、Ub、
Uc、Ia、Ib、Ic、Uf、If, δ dynamic changing process；
Synchronous capacitor under different operating conditions, maintains idle power output constant respectively, enables synchronous capacitor high-pressure side short-circuit, uses
Data oscillograph records U in entire set end voltage disturbance testing experimenta、Ub、Uc、Ia、Ib、Ic、Uf、If, δ dynamic change mistake
Journey；
Synchronous capacitor is operated in into mutually or late phase full load condition, disconnection synchronous capacitor high-pressure side breaker enable same
Step camera removal of load, and U in entire removal of load testing experiment is recorded with data oscillographa、Ub、Uc、Ia、Ib、Ic、Uf、If、δ
Dynamic changing process.
Further, the test data obtained to upset test carries out data prediction, specifically includes:
The test data obtained to upset test carries out marking change；
Test data after changing to mark is coordinately transformed；
Test data after coordinate transform is divided into steady-state process and transient process.
Further, described to utilize synchronous capacitor mathematical model, it is sensitive that track is carried out to synchronous capacitor electric parameter
Degree analysis, specifically includes:
Track trace sensitivity of the electric parameter to output is defined as:
Wherein, y is that system exports idOr Uq；θ is the electric parameter in system；△ θ is the relative increment of electric parameter；t
For the time；
Three kinds of upset tests are disturbed for excitation step disturbance, set end voltage disturbance, removal of load, calculate separately synchronous phase modulation
Trace sensitivity of the electrical-mechanical parameter to output.
Further, described using amendment damped least square method and alternating direction multipliers method, synchronize phase modulation electromechanics
The joint identification of gas parameter distribution, specifically includes:
(1) using amendment damped least square method, all parameters are recognized in advance；
(2) steady state data is analyzed using amendment damped least square method, walks the transient state class electric parameter picked out in fixation
Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0", recognize stable state class electric parameter Xd, K and saturation coefficient a, b；
(3) Temporal Data is analyzed using amendment damped least square method, walks the stable state class parameter X picked out in fixationd、K
And saturation coefficient a, b, recognize transient state class electric parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0"；
(4) using amendment damped least square method, all electric parameters are recognized, carry out small parameter perturbations；
(5) it is repeated by the contribution proportion coefficient of every kind of disturbance of setting to determine the leading disturbance in each identification step
Iterative step (2)-(4) are several times, final to obtain synchronous capacitor electric parameter identification result.
Further, described using amendment damped least square method, all parameters are recognized in advance, are specifically included:
Based on the growth process data of removal of load and excitation step disturbance, all electric parameters are recognized, in advance to be recognized
W is arranged in starting point1:w2:w3=0.5:0.4:0.1.
Further, described to analyze steady state data using amendment damped least square method, the transient state picked out is walked in fixation
Class electric parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0", recognize stable state class electric parameter Xd, K and saturation coefficient a, b, specifically include:
Based on the stable state and Temporal Data disturbed with excitation step and set end voltage, the transient state class that previous step picks out is fixed
Parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0", recognize stable state class Xd, K, a, b, default w1:w2:w3=0.1:0.6:0.3.
Further, described to analyze Temporal Data using amendment damped least square method, the stable state picked out is walked in fixation
Class parameter Xd, K and saturation coefficient a, b, recognize transient state class electric parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0", it specifically includes:
It is disturbed after disturbance starts with the stable state of removal of load disturbance and Temporal Data and excitation step disturbance, set end voltage
Temporal Data based on, stable state class parameter X that fixed previous step picks outd, K, a, b, recognize transient state class parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、
Td0", default w1:w2:w3=0.4:0.3:0.3.
Further, described to recognize all electric parameters using amendment damped least square method, carry out small parameter perturbations, tool
Body includes:
Based on removal of load noisy data and the growth process data of excitation step disturbance, all electric parameters are recognized, to ginseng
Number is finely adjusted, and defaults w1:w2:w3=0.5:0.4:0.1.
The effect provided in summary of the invention is only the effect of embodiment, rather than invents all whole effects, above-mentioned
A technical solution in technical solution have the following advantages that or the utility model has the advantages that
The method of identification synchronous capacitor electric parameter of the invention, being capable of accurate recognition when going out synchronous capacitor operation
Can transient state, stable state electric parameter meet system transient modelling reactive power support energy to verify the practical electric parameter of synchronous capacitor ontology
The requirement of power；This method is simple and effective, can effectively improve the utilization rate and the identification of synchronous capacitor electric parameter of test data
Accuracy, the time of the synchronous capacitor electric parameter that effectively shortens identification, economic value with higher and Practical valence
Value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is step S1 method flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is step S2 method flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is step S3 method flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is step S5 method flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to clarify the technical characteristics of the invention, below by specific embodiment, and its attached drawing is combined, to this hair
It is bright to be described in detail.Following disclosure provides many different embodiments or example is used to realize different knots of the invention
Structure.In order to simplify disclosure of the invention, hereinafter the component of specific examples and setting are described.In addition, the present invention can be with
Repeat reference numerals and/or letter in different examples.This repetition is that for purposes of simplicity and clarity, itself is not indicated
Relationship between various embodiments and/or setting is discussed.It should be noted that illustrated component is not necessarily to scale in the accompanying drawings
It draws.Present invention omits the descriptions to known assemblies and treatment technology and process to avoid the present invention is unnecessarily limiting.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of synchronous capacitor electric parameter based on alternating iteration optimization is distributed joint discrimination method, packet
Include following steps:
S1, synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model is established；
S2, synchronous capacitor upset test scheme is formulated, obtains the test data under different upset tests；
S3, data prediction is carried out to the test data that upset test obtains；
S4, using synchronous capacitor mathematical model, trajectory sensitivity analysis is carried out to synchronous capacitor electric parameter；
S5, using amendment damped least square method and alternating direction multipliers method, synchronize the distribution of phase modifier electric parameter
Joint identification.
As shown in Fig. 2, establishing synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model in step S1, specifically include:
S11, foundation do not consider that the synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model of saturation effect, the mathematical model recognize the five of q axis
A electric parameter, i.e. Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0”。
The most common mathematical model of synchronous motor is exactly the Park equation of synchronous motor, or is fitted according to Park equation
When simplified synchronous motor simplified model.Selected synchronous motor d axis has a set of equivalent damping circuit, and q axis has two sets of equivalent dampings
The model in circuit does not consider synchronous capacitor saturation effect, then in XadPark fundamental equation is as follows under per unit value:
Voltage equation are as follows:
Above formula footnote d, q, fd, 1d, 1q, 2q respectively indicate the equivalent d axis winding of stator, the equivalent q axis winding of stator, rotor and encourage
Magnetic winding, the equivalent longitudinal axis and horizontal axis Damper Winding, r are stator phase winding resistance.
To simplify the analysis, 2 hypothesis are made to synchronous capacitor:
(1) Damper Winding time constant is more much smaller than excitation winding time constant, therefore is believed that super transient process mainly takes
Certainly in Damper Winding, transient process is solely dependent upon excitation winding；
(2) because of longitudinal axis stator magnetic linkage Φd, horizontal axis stator magnetic linkage ΦqIt changes little, takes d Φd/ dt=0, d Φq/ dt=0,
And assume that rotor velocity is synchronous speed, i.e. w=1.
(3) synchronous capacitor core sataration effect is not considered.
According to assumed above, Park equation is simplified, is derived to export the description rotor that electric parameter etc. indicates
The differential equation and voltage equation of transition potential and super transition potential change, obtain synchronous capacitor during loop transients
(plus the 2 rank differential equations of equation of rotor motion, entire synchronous capacitor model is 6 rank moulds to 4 rank models of model electric part
Type).Due to only discussing that electric parameter recognizes, so disregarding the influence of equation of rotor motion, therefore only with 4 rank of synchronous capacitor
Electrical quantity equation can be obtained by the derivation of equation:
Measurement equation are as follows:
Above formula is observed it can be found that 4 rank model d, q axis of electric part can be separated and be solved, i.e. d axis and q axis is
Decoupling.Therefore, above-mentioned 4 rank model can be divided into d axis and q axis independently to solve, processing in this way advantageously reduces equation dimension,
Reduce each number to be identified.Particularly, it is contemplated that synchronous capacitor hardly sends out the characteristics of active power, can be further
4 rank models are reduced to 2 rank models, as follows:
The mathematical model only needs to recognize five electric parameters, i.e. Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0”。
S12, the synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model for considering saturation effect is established, which needs to recognize seven electricity
Gas parameter, i.e. Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0”、a、b。
Synchronous capacitor stator core is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, has saturated characteristic.Synchronous capacitor exciting current with
Non-linear relation is presented due to core sataration between no-load emf.This non-linear relation useable electric moter no-load characteristic table
Show.
After generator on-load, stator winding flows through electric current, and saturation effect is embodied in the saturation of synthesis air-gap flux at this time
On.Its saturated characteristic is identical as no load saturation characteristic.It, can be approximatively right to the amendment of synthesis air-gap flux with reference to PSASP handbook
Eq' amendment of potential replaces, the formula of front correction factor a, b will be saturated is brought into, it is real to obtain revised synchronous capacitor
With mathematical model:
The mathematical model needs to recognize seven electric parameters, i.e. Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0”、a、b。
S13, the synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model for changing error including saturation effect and mark is established, which needs
Recognize 8 electric parameters, i.e. Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0”、K、a、b。
The electric parameter used in formula above indicates per unit value, during calculating per unit value, uses for the first time
Be synchronous capacitor electric parameter design value, this inevitably will bring calculating error.Wherein, excitation voltage u is calculatedf
X has been used during per unit valueadDesign value, thus bring calculating error.In order to correct this error, introduces error and repair
Positive coefficient K.Then consider that saturation effect and mark change the synchronous capacitor mathematical model of error are as follows:
The mathematical model needs to recognize 8 electric parameters, i.e. Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0”、K、a、b。
At the scene in actual tests, removal of load disturbance, excitation step disturbance and the set end voltage used in upset test is disturbed
Moving should be larger as far as possible.In this way, can not only reduce measurement error, the disturbance that identification can also be made more accurate but excessive is past
It is past to mean bigger cost and risk, and scene does not have upset test condition sometimes.For this reason, it may be necessary to formulate feasible scene
Testing program.
As shown in figure 3, formulating synchronous capacitor upset test scheme in step S2, obtaining the examination under different upset tests
Data are tested, are specifically included:
S21, synchronous capacitor under different operating conditions, maintain idle power output constant, apply one in energized circuit respectively
So that set end voltage fluctuation is greater than 2% disturbance quantity, and is recorded in entire excitation step disturbance testing experiment with data oscillograph
Ua、Ub、Uc、Ia、Ib、Ic、Uf、If, δ dynamic changing process.
S22, synchronous capacitor under different operating conditions, maintain idle power output constant, enable synchronous capacitor high-pressure side short respectively
U in entire set end voltage disturbance testing experiment is recorded with data oscillograph in roada、Ub、Uc、Ia、Ib、Ic、Uf、If, δ dynamic become
Change process.
It, can be by the way that in generator terminal switched capacitor, applying one makes set end voltage wave if scene does not have short-circuit test conditions
The dynamic disturbance quantity greater than 2%, and U in entire perturbation process is recorded with data oscillographa、Ub、Uc、Ia、Ib、Ic、Uf、If, δ
Dynamic changing process.
S23, synchronous capacitor are operated in into phase or slow phase full load condition, disconnect synchronous capacitor high-pressure side breaker,
Synchronous capacitor removal of load is enabled, and records U in entire removal of load testing experiment with data oscillographa、Ub、Uc、Ia、Ib、Ic、
Uf、If, δ dynamic changing process.
As shown in figure 4, carrying out data prediction in step S3 to the electric parameter that upset test obtains, specifically including:
S31, the test data obtained to upset test carry out marking change；
S32, the test data after mark change is coordinately transformed；
S33, test data after coordinate transform is divided into steady-state process and transient process.
In order to construct a clear physics conception, synchronous motor mark system processed easy to use, the choosing of base value processed is marked
It selects and must comply with certain standard, these principles can be summarized as following three aspects:
Principle one: the selection of mark base value should make the famous value form of equation identical with per unit value form.
Principle two: by proper choice of the base value of inductance, it is fixed in famous value equation under synchronous motor dq0 coordinate to solve
Son, the irreversible problem of rotor windings mutual inductance, even if also mutual inductance completely reversibility in per unit value equation.
Principle three: by suitably choosing base value, make traditional mark motor electric parameter (such as Xd、XadDeng) it is retained in mark
It is worth in motor equation, analysis is facilitated to use.
Most common X is used in pretreatmentadBase value system.
Select stator winding current base value iaBAre as follows:
In formula, subscript a indicates armature winding, can represent any winding in a, b, c；IRFor having for the specified phase current of generator
Valid value, therefore above-mentioned electric current base value is the peak value of specified phase current.
Select stator winding voltage base value UaBAre as follows:
In formula, URFor the virtual value of generator specified phase voltage,For the peak value of specified phase voltage.
By iaBAnd UaB, the base value of its dependent variable of stator winding can be exported according to base value selection principle one.
Stator winding capacity base value:
Stator winding resistance, reactance and impedance base value:
The choosing method of excitation winding f base value is described below.
First assume that f winding and other windings are independent, and optionally its voltage base value ufBWith electric current base value ifB, then further according to
The principle two and principle three that base value is chosen determine ufBAnd ifBTwo relationships that should meet, to finally reasonably select ufBWith
ifB。
By principle two, ufBAnd ifBThe reversible constraint of per unit value mutual inductance should be met.It can be obtained by a series of derivations,
Or
SfB=SaB
It is further known that reversible need of above-mentioned two winding mutual inductance is made to be taken as the capacity base value of stator winding and excitation winding
It is equal.
By principle three, traditional mark motor electric parameter should be retained in per unit value equation.XadBase value system is full
A kind of per unit value base value system of this principle of foot.XadBase value system defines the selection standard of rotor winding current base value, from
And the mutual inductance between d axis, q axis rotor and stator winding is made to be respectively equal to X in per unit value equationadAnd Xaq.Specifically, rotor
The electric current base value of excitation winding is specified that: when rotor is rotated with synchronizing speed, the background current i of excitation windingfB?
The famous value (peak value) of generated open circuit potential is X in stator corresponding windingsadiaB.Excitation winding electric current base value i has been determinedfB,
Excitation winding voltage base value u is assured that by stator winding is equal with the capacity base value of excitation windingfB。
Further according to the base value for exporting other amounts similar with stator winding of base value selection principle one.
By XadBase value system ifBSelection method, then ifBIt should meet:
ωBLdfifB=XadiaB
Remember ifNIt indicates under rated speed, stator floating voltage exciting current (i corresponding when being rated valuefNIt can look into
No-load curve obtains), then under unloaded rated speed, have
Joint eliminates Ldf, can export
Wushu ifBSubstitution formula ufBIn, it can obtain
X in formulaadFor famous value.
And because
Above formula is substituted into ufB, obtain practical excitation voltage base value expression formula:
Finally, it should be noted that the time does not mark change, and using the real time, unit is the second during marking change.
This is because, it is contemplated that in general calculating, time constant and time are all to use second office, utilize famous value=per unit value × base
The relationship of value, it is available with the duplicate equation form of per unit value form, only the time constant in formula and time be all
In seconds.
The synchronous capacitor stator three-phase voltage u that data measured by field test includea、ub、uc, stator three-phase current ia、
ib、ic, generator rotor angle and rotor excited voltage equivalent.And generator electric parameter identification model used herein is the electricity of d-q-0 system
Machine model, required data volume are stator d, q shaft voltage, stator d, q shaft current and rotor excited voltage.Therefore it needs institute
Stator test data under the a-b-c system of measurement is converted to the stator amount under d-q-0 system.
It does not send out this particularity active for synchronous capacitor, can use synchronous capacitor in the lesser situation of generator rotor angle
Stator side line voltage UaWith line current IaVirtual value obtain IdAnd Uq。
The size of electric parameter trace sensitivity directly affects the complexity of electric parameter identification, and trace sensitivity shows
Electric parameter, if the trace sensitivity of A electric parameter is big in certain time, illustrates A to the dynamic effects rule of perturbation process
Electric parameter influences dynamic process in this period big, i.e., the feature major embodiment of the noisy data of this time A is electrical
The influence of parameter.So, accurate A electric parameter identification is obtained, carries out recognizing data used just should including the disturbance
Process data.
In step S4, trajectory sensitivity analysis is carried out to the electric parameter that upset test obtains, is specifically included:
Track trace sensitivity of the electric parameter to output is defined as:
Wherein, y is that system exports idOr Uq；θ is the electric parameter in system；△ θ is the relative increment of electric parameter；t
For the time.
Three kinds of upset tests are disturbed for excitation step disturbance, set end voltage disturbance, removal of load, calculate separately synchronous phase modulation
Trace sensitivity of the electrical-mechanical parameter to output.
By trajectory sensitivity analysis it can be concluded that general conclusion:
(1) the main function process of every kind of electric parameter has differences, XdSteady state values, acting body are mainly influenced with K
Now in the whole process, Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0" it is mainly reflected in transient process.
(2) for stable state electric parameter Xd, K and saturation correction factor a, b, trace sensitivity in excitation step disturbance and
Set end voltage disturbance in numerical value it is bigger, and both disturbance in saturation influence also become apparent from (removal of load due to stator electricity
Stream is 0, and saturation influences relatively small)；
(3) for transient state class electric parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0", the trace sensitivity major embodiment of these electric parameters
In excitation step disturbance, set end voltage disturbance during the entire process of after disturbance starts short across journey and removal of load disturbance.
As shown in figure 5, using amendment damped least square method and alternating direction multipliers method, synchronizing tune in step S5
The distribution joint identification of camera electric parameter, specifically includes:
S51, using amendment damped least square method, recognize all parameters in advance；
S52, steady state data is analyzed using amendment damped least square method, walks the transient state class electric parameter picked out in fixation
Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0", recognize stable state class electric parameter Xd, K and saturation coefficient a, b；
S53, Temporal Data is analyzed using amendment damped least square method, walks the stable state class parameter X picked out in fixationd、K
And saturation coefficient a, b, recognize transient state class electric parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0"；
S54, using amendment damped least square method, recognize all electric parameters, carry out small parameter perturbations；
S55, the contribution proportion coefficient by the way that every kind of disturbance is arranged, to determine the leading disturbance in each identification step, weight
Multiple iterative step S52-S54 is several times, final to obtain synchronous capacitor electric parameter identification result.
The identification algorithm of mainstream mainly have least square method, genetic algorithm, neural network, ant group algorithm, particle swarm algorithm,
Evolution strategy algorithm etc..This synchronous capacitor electric parameter discrimination method uses on the basis of Gauss-Newton least square method
Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, it is most popular Nonlinear Least-Square Algorithm, has both Newton method and gradient
The advantages of method.When electric parameter to be identified is more, there are convergences and ambiguity for this method.
To this end it is possible to use, amendment damped least square method (Modified Damped Least Square, MDLS).This
Sample, which can both guarantee that the convergence of iteration had, can guarantee faster iteration speed, effectively avoid converging to a certain local minimum
Situation.
Further, synchronous capacitor electric parameter to be identified is more, and the optimization direction of partial electric parameter is different, very
To opposite.If using single upset test data identification synchronous capacitor electric parameter, the electric parameter dispersibility picked out compared with
Greatly；If recognizing multiple electric parameters simultaneously, it may cause last solution and shaken back and forth between globally optimal solution and locally optimal solution.
For this purpose, electric parameter to be identified can be divided into several groups according to function and effect, regard electric parameter identification as optimization problem.And it hands over
It is such as a kind of solution for iteration m ultiple method (alternating direction method ofmultipliers, ADMM)
The distributing of optimization problem amplifies, by tapping challenge for after several subproblems, successively to several groups of difference variables into
Row alternating iteration has good convergence good, and strong robustness achieves good application effect.
The core of alternating direction multipliers method (Alternating DirectionMedod ofMultiplers, ADMM) is thought
Want to tap big global issue for it is multiple it is smaller, be easier to the local subproblems solved, and the solution by coordinating subproblem
And obtain the solution of big global issue.
The solution form of ADMM is as follows:
Minx,z f(x)+g(z)
S.t. Ax-Bz=C
Wherein, function f, g respectively indicates different disturbance forms；Variable x, z respectively indicate different electrical ginsengs to be identified
Number.
(1) minimization problem relevant to x, more new variables x are solved；
(2) minimization problem relevant to z is solved, with new variables z；
(3) dual variable that needs in iteration optimization is updated, then repeatedly above step.
In conjunction with trajectory sensitivity analysis as a result, the application idea of ADMM method is as follows:
(1) for stable state class electric parameter Xd, K and saturation coefficient a, b, trace sensitivity is in excitation step disturbance and machine
Hold the numerical value in voltage disturbance bigger, and the saturation influence in both disturbances also becomes apparent from that (removal of load is due to stator current
It is 0, saturation influences relatively small), therefore 4 electric parameters of stable state class can be recognized with steady state data, it is equivalent in ADMM method
Variable x；
(2) for transient state class electric parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0", the trace sensitivity major embodiment of these electric parameters
Claim in entire cross of excitation step disturbance, set end voltage disturbance being disturbed short across journey and removal of load after disturbance, therefore can be with
4 electric parameters of transient process data identification transient state class, the variable y being equivalent in ADMM method；
(3) it in view of two class electric parameters are not to isolate completely, influences each other and influences each other there are very strong, because
This increases step identification, and to merge influencing each other for all electric parameters, this is crossed, and title is main to play a whole correcting action.
In order to give full play to the effect of every kind of disturbance, is recognized using distribution and combine the method for identification to carry out electric parameter
Identification.So-called distribution refers to that the electric parameter of each step identification is different；So-called joint identification refers to comprehensive utilization removal of load, encourages
Magnetic step disturbance and set end voltage disturbance are that disturbance forms.Certain is selected by the contribution proportion coefficient of every kind of disturbance of setting
Leading disturbance in primary disturbance.
For convenience of the description of later step, if
w1Indicate removal of load disturbance to the proportionality coefficient of identification contribution；
w2Indicate excitation step disturbance to the proportionality coefficient of identification contribution；
w3Indicate set end voltage disturbance to the proportionality coefficient of identification contribution.
By the value of regulation coefficient w in every step iteration, contribution of the different disturbances in identification can control.Synchronous capacitor
Steps are as follows for electric parameter identification:
(1) all electric parameters are recognized in advance.For the effect for guaranteeing identification, need suitably to distinguish setting to distribution identification one
Know initial value, and electric parameter design value might not be suitable.Consider with the growth process data of removal of load and excitation step disturbance
Based on, all electric parameters are recognized in advance, and to obtain a suitable identification starting point, w is set1:w2:w3=0.5:0.4:0.1；
(2) based on the stable state and Temporal Data of excitation step and set end voltage disturbance, fixed previous step picks out temporary
State class parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0", recognize stable state class Xd, K, a, b, default w1:w2:w3(ratio can by=0.1:0.6:0.3
It adjusts)；
(3) it is opened with the stable state of removal of load disturbance and Temporal Data and excitation step disturbance, set end voltage disturbance in disturbance
Based on Temporal Data after beginning, the stable state class parameter X that previous step picks out is fixedd, K, a, b, recognize transient state class parameter Xd’、
Td0’、Xd”、Td0", default w1:w2:w3=0.4:0.3:0.3 (ratio is adjustable)；
(4) based on removal of load noisy data and the growth process data of excitation step disturbance, all electric parameters are recognized, it is right
Parameter is finely adjusted, and defaults w1:w2:w3=0.5:0.4:0.1 (ratio is adjustable).
(5) it just can be identified synchronous capacitor parameter alternating iteration step (2)-(4) 2~5 times.
Above-mentioned, although the foregoing specific embodiments of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, not protects model to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art are not
Need to make the creative labor the various modifications or changes that can be made still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of synchronous capacitor electric parameter based on alternating iteration optimization is distributed joint discrimination method, characterized in that including
Following steps:
Establish synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model；
Synchronous capacitor upset test scheme is formulated, the test data under different upset tests is obtained；
Data prediction is carried out to the test data that upset test obtains；
Using synchronous capacitor mathematical model, trajectory sensitivity analysis is carried out to synchronous capacitor electric parameter；
Using amendment damped least square method and alternating direction multipliers method, synchronizes the distribution of phase modifier electric parameter and combine and distinguish
Know.
2. the synchronous capacitor electric parameter as described in claim 1 based on alternating iteration optimization is distributed joint discrimination method,
It is characterized in that described establish synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model, specifically include:
The synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model for not considering saturation effect is established, which recognizes five electrical ginsengs of q axis
Number, i.e. Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0"；
The synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model for considering saturation effect is established, which needs to recognize seven electric parameters,
That is Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0",a,b；
Establishing includes saturation effect and the synchronous capacitor Practical Mathematical Model for marking change error, which needs to recognize 8
A electric parameter, i.e. Xd、Xd’、Xd”、Td0’、Td0”、K、a、b。
3. the synchronous capacitor electric parameter as claimed in claim 2 based on alternating iteration optimization is distributed joint discrimination method,
It is characterized in that the formulation synchronous capacitor upset test scheme, obtains the test data under different upset tests, it is specific to wrap
It includes:
Synchronous capacitor under different operating conditions, maintains idle power output constant respectively, and applying one in energized circuit keeps generator terminal electric
Pressure fluctuation is greater than 2% disturbance quantity, and records U in entire excitation step disturbance testing experiment with data oscillographa、Ub、Uc、
Ia、Ib、Ic、Uf、If, δ dynamic changing process；
Synchronous capacitor under different operating conditions, maintains idle power output constant respectively, enables synchronous capacitor high-pressure side short-circuit, uses data
Oscillograph records U in entire set end voltage disturbance testing experimenta、Ub、Uc、Ia、Ib、Ic、Uf、If, δ dynamic changing process；
Synchronous capacitor is operated in into mutually or late phase full load condition, disconnection synchronous capacitor high-pressure side breaker enable same step
Camera removal of load, and U in entire removal of load testing experiment is recorded with data oscillographa、Ub、Uc、Ia、Ib、Ic、Uf、If, δ it is dynamic
State change procedure.
4. the synchronous capacitor electric parameter as claimed in claim 3 based on alternating iteration optimization is distributed joint discrimination method,
It is characterized in that the test data obtained to upset test carries out data prediction, specifically include:
The test data obtained to upset test carries out marking change；
Test data after changing to mark is coordinately transformed；
Test data after coordinate transform is divided into steady-state process and transient process.
5. the synchronous capacitor electric parameter as claimed in claim 4 based on alternating iteration optimization is distributed joint discrimination method,
It is characterized in that described utilize synchronous capacitor mathematical model, trajectory sensitivity analysis, tool are carried out to synchronous capacitor electric parameter
Body includes:
Track trace sensitivity of the electric parameter to output is defined as:
Wherein, y is that system exports idOr Uq；θ is the electric parameter in system；△ θ is the relative increment of electric parameter；When t is
Between；
Three kinds of upset tests are disturbed for excitation step disturbance, set end voltage disturbance, removal of load, calculate separately synchronous capacitor electricity
Trace sensitivity of the gas parameter to output.
6. the synchronous capacitor electric parameter as claimed in claim 5 based on alternating iteration optimization is distributed joint discrimination method,
It is characterized in that it is described using amendment damped least square method and alternating direction multipliers method, synchronize phase modifier electric parameter point
Cloth joint identification, specifically includes:
(1) using amendment damped least square method, all parameters are recognized in advance；
(2) steady state data is analyzed using amendment damped least square method, walks the transient state class electric parameter X picked out in fixationd’、
Td0’、Xd”、Td0", recognize stable state class electric parameter Xd, K and saturation coefficient a, b；
(3) Temporal Data is analyzed using amendment damped least square method, walks the stable state class parameter X picked out in fixationd, K and saturation
Coefficient a, b recognize transient state class electric parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0"；
(4) using amendment damped least square method, all electric parameters are recognized, carry out small parameter perturbations；
(5) by the contribution proportion coefficient of every kind of disturbance of setting, to determine the leading disturbance in each identification step, iteration
Step (2)-(4) are several times, final to obtain synchronous capacitor electric parameter identification result.
7. the synchronous capacitor electric parameter as claimed in claim 6 based on alternating iteration optimization is distributed joint discrimination method,
It is characterized in that it is described using amendment damped least square method, all parameters are recognized in advance, are specifically included:
Based on the growth process data of removal of load and excitation step disturbance, all electric parameters are recognized in advance, to obtain identification starting point,
W is set1:w2:w3=0.5:0.4:0.1.
8. the synchronous capacitor electric parameter as claimed in claim 7 based on alternating iteration optimization is distributed joint discrimination method,
It is characterized in that described analyze steady state data using amendment damped least square method, the transient state class picked out is walked in fixation and is electrically joined
Number Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0", recognize stable state class electric parameter Xd, K and saturation coefficient a, b, specifically include:
Based on the stable state and Temporal Data disturbed with excitation step and set end voltage, the transient state class parameter that previous step picks out is fixed
Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0", recognize stable state class Xd, K, a, b, default w1:w2:w3=0.1:0.6:0.3.
9. the synchronous capacitor electric parameter as claimed in claim 8 based on alternating iteration optimization is distributed joint discrimination method,
It is characterized in that described analyze Temporal Data using amendment damped least square method, the stable state class parameter X picked out is walked in fixationd、
K and saturation coefficient a, b recognize transient state class electric parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、Td0", it specifically includes:
It is disturbed with the stable state of removal of load disturbance and Temporal Data and excitation step disturbance, set end voltage temporary after disturbance starts
Based on state data, the stable state class parameter X that previous step picks out is fixedd, K, a, b, recognize transient state class parameter Xd’、Td0’、Xd”、
Td0", default w1:w2:w3=0.4:0.3:0.3.
10. the synchronous capacitor electric parameter as claimed in claim 9 based on alternating iteration optimization is distributed joint discrimination method,
It is characterized in that described recognize all electric parameters using amendment damped least square method, small parameter perturbations are carried out, are specifically included:
Based on removal of load noisy data and the growth process data of excitation step disturbance, recognize all electric parameters, to parameter into
Row fine tuning, defaults w1:w2:w3=0.5:0.4:0.1.
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