CN109961219B - Device for formulating maintenance scheme plan based on capital and road condition requirements and use method thereof - Google Patents
Device for formulating maintenance scheme plan based on capital and road condition requirements and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for formulating maintenance scheme planning based on fund and road condition demands, which comprises a computer control center, an electronic display, a detection vehicle, a road condition limitation, a road condition comprehensive index and a fund limitation, wherein the computer control center comprises a terminal processing system, the electronic display comprises an interference compensation module, an image processing module, an image acquisition module and a light holographic receiving module, an electronic camera and a focusing laser lamp are arranged in the detection vehicle, and the electronic camera comprises a light compensation module. The invention has the advantages that: the method for formulating the maintenance scheme plan based on the capital and road condition requirements can prevent the situation that the local damage of the road is too large to cause the abnormal operation, enables the benefit cost ratio to be optimal, enables the maintenance cost investment to be minimum, is more accurate compared with the traditional crack depth measuring method, is more convenient to operate, can reduce the errors of the collected data and the actual road, and enables the detection to be more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of road maintenance, in particular to a device for making a maintenance scheme plan based on capital and road condition requirements and a using method thereof.
Background
In the using process of a highway, defects and damages are often generated on the road surface due to the influences of rolling, impact, abrasion, weather change and the like of running vehicles, the defects and the damages are collectively called as the road surface damages, the road surface damages can have harmful influences on the running speed, the loading capacity, the fuel consumption, the mechanical abrasion, the driving comfort of the vehicles, the traffic safety, the environmental protection and the like, technical measures are adopted for preventing the road surface damages and keeping the road surface in good technical conditions, the technical measures are generally called as the road surface maintenance, and the road surface maintenance comprises aggregate road surface maintenance, asphalt (residual oil) road surface maintenance and cement concrete road surface maintenance.
The existing road section maintenance planning scheme has some defects, firstly, the road surface is limited by fund and road conditions in the maintenance process, so that the fund is not limited by the road conditions, the fund investment is overlarge, the fund is limited by the road conditions, the benefit cost is poor, when the road conditions are detected to be damaged, the detection is inaccurate due to a plurality of external interference factors, in addition, the depth of a road surface crack can not be completely embodied only by a shot picture, and therefore, a device for making the maintenance scheme planning based on the fund and the road condition requirements and a using method thereof are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the fund investment is too large due to the unlimited road condition, the benefit cost is poor due to the unlimited road condition, the detection is inaccurate due to a plurality of external interference factors, and the depth of a road crack cannot be fully embodied only by a shot picture.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems: the device comprises a computer control center, an electronic display, a detection vehicle, a road condition limitation, a road condition comprehensive index, a fund limitation and a load sensor, wherein the computer control center comprises a terminal processing system, the electronic display comprises an interference compensation module, an image processing module, an image acquisition module and a light holographic receiving module, an electronic camera and a focusing laser lamp are arranged in the detection vehicle, the electronic camera comprises a light compensation module, and the terminal processing system comprises an image classification module, a road surface damage classification module, a road condition analysis module, a limited fund recording module, a road section maintenance fund budget module and a fund comparison module.
Preferably, a signal port of the terminal processing system is connected with a signal port of the computer control center, a data transmission module is arranged between the interference compensation module and the electronic display, the signal port of the data transmission module is connected with the signal port of the electronic display, the signal port of the interference compensation module is connected with the signal port of the data transmission module, and the signal port of the interference compensation module is connected with the signal port of the electronic display through the data transmission module.
Preferably, the signal port of the image processing module is connected with the signal port of the interference compensation module, the signal port of the image acquisition module is connected with the signal port of the image processing module, the signal port of the electronic camera is connected with the signal port of the image acquisition module, and the signal port of the light compensation module is connected with the signal port of the electronic camera.
Preferably, the signal port of the focusing laser lamp is connected with the signal port of the light ray holographic receiving module, and the signal port of the focusing laser lamp is connected with the signal port of the interference compensation module through the light ray holographic receiving module.
Preferably, the signal port of the image classification module is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system, the signal port of the road surface damage classification module is connected with the signal port of the image classification module, the signal port of the road condition analysis module is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system through the image classification module, the road condition limitation is connected with the road condition analysis module, and the road condition comprehensive index is connected with the road condition limitation.
Preferably, the signal port of the road surface damage grading module is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system through the image classification module, the signal port of the limited fund recording module is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system, and the signal port of the road section maintenance fund budget module is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system.
Preferably, the signal ports of the fund comparison module are connected with the signal ports of the limited fund recording module and the road section maintenance fund budget module.
Preferably, the fund limitation is connected with a fund comparison module, the fund limitation is connected with a road surface damage grading module, and the load sensor is in electric signal connection with a computer control center.
The invention also provides a device for formulating maintenance scheme planning based on the fund and road condition requirements and a using method thereof:
a. an electronic camera and a focusing laser lamp are arranged on a detection vehicle, the detection vehicle runs on a detection road section, the image acquisition module is used for acquiring road surface pictures shot by the electronic camera, the interference compensation module is used for eliminating interference factors, the pictures are processed by the image processing module and then transmitted to the electronic display through the data transmission module, the pictures can be manually analyzed through the electronic display, a load sensor is arranged on the road surface, the passing road vehicles are weighed by the load sensor, the data weighed by the load sensor is transmitted to a computer control center, comparing with data in a computer control center, if the total mass of the automobile is more than 32000 kg, the total mass of the semitrailer and other trailers is more than 40000 kg, and the total mass of the automobile train is more than 49000 kg, recording and storing the number of overweight vehicles per day;
b. the road surface is scanned by a focusing laser lamp, light waves reflected by a road surface are received by a light holographic receiving module, interference factors are eliminated by an interference compensation module, and information is transmitted to an electronic display by a data transmission module;
c. the data received by the electronic display is transmitted to the computer control center, and the road surface gray value of the defects on the picture can reflect the condition of the damaged road surface due to the defects of cracks, pits, ruts, surface damage and the like on the damaged road surface;
d. classifying the road surface damage severity degree according to the gray value of the picture through an image classification module, and dividing the damage degree into a plurality of grades through a road surface damage classification module;
e. estimating the fund for maintaining the damaged road surface through the road section maintenance fund budget module, recording the rated fund through the limited fund recording module, and comparing the fund estimated by the road section maintenance fund budget module with the fund recorded by the limited fund recording module through the fund comparison module;
f. if the fund estimated by the road section maintenance fund budget module is larger than the rated fund of the limited fund recording module, namely the fund is limited, the limited fund can be used for carrying out preferential maintenance on the road section with large road surface damage degree, the benefit cost ratio can be optimal, the road section is analyzed by the road condition analysis module, and if the grade of the road is determined, namely the road condition is limited, the road section can be maintained according to the road condition comprehensive index, so that the maintenance cost investment is lowest.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a device for making maintenance scheme plans based on capital and road condition requirements and a using method thereof, and the device has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for formulating the maintenance scheme plan based on the capital and road condition requirements classifies the severity of the road surface damage according to the gray value of the picture by the image classification module, the damage degree is divided into a plurality of levels by the road damage grading module, the fund for maintaining the damaged road is estimated by the road section maintenance fund budget module, recording rated funds through the limited fund recording module, comparing the funds estimated by the section maintenance fund budget module with the funds recorded by the limited fund recording module through the fund comparison module, if the funds estimated by the section maintenance fund budget module are larger than the rated funds of the limited fund recording module, namely the fund is limited, the road sections with large damage degree of the road surface can be maintained preferentially by using the limited fund, the method can prevent the road from being damaged too much locally to cause the abnormal operation, and can ensure that the benefit-cost ratio is optimal.
2. According to the method for formulating the maintenance scheme plan based on the fund and road condition demands, the road section is analyzed through the road condition analysis module, if the grade of the road is determined, the fund is not limited, namely the road condition is limited, the road section can be maintained according to the comprehensive road condition index, the road can reach the standard of the comprehensive road condition index, and the maintenance cost is lowest.
3. According to the method for formulating the maintenance scheme plan based on the fund and road condition demands, the road surface is swept through the focusing laser lamp, the reflected light can be received through the holographic light receiving module, if the light beam enters a crack of the road surface, the signal received by the holographic light receiving module can be weakened, the depth of the crack can be detected through the weakening degree of the signal, interference factors during the working of the electronic camera can be eliminated through the interference compensation module, the holographic light receiving module only receives the signal for scanning the road surface by the focusing laser lamp, and compared with a traditional crack depth measuring method, the method is more accurate and is more convenient to operate.
4. According to the method for formulating the maintenance scheme planning based on the fund and road condition demands, the road surface can be shot through the electronic camera, the damage condition of the road surface can be seen through the shot picture, the electronic camera can still work normally under dim light through the light compensation module, the error of the collected data and the actual road can be reduced, and the detection is more accurate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a computer control center; 2. an electronic display; 3. a data transmission module; 4. an interference compensation module; 5. an image processing module; 6. an image acquisition module; 7. an electronic camera; 8. a light holographic receiving module; 9. a focusing laser lamp; 10. a light compensation module; 11. detecting a vehicle; 12. a terminal processing system; 13. an image classification module; 14. a road surface damage grading module; 15. a road condition analysis module; 16. the road conditions are limited; 17. comprehensive road condition indexes; 18. a restricted funds record module; 19. a road section maintenance fund budget module; 20. a fund comparison module; 21. the capital is limited; 22. and a load sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a device for formulating a maintenance plan based on capital and road condition requirements and a method for using the same, the device comprises a computer control center 1, an electronic display 2, a detection vehicle 11, a road condition limitation 16, a road condition comprehensive index 17, a capital limitation 21, and a load sensor 22, wherein the computer control center 1 comprises a terminal processing system 12, the electronic display 2 comprises an interference compensation module 4, an image processing module 5, an image acquisition module 6, and a light holographic receiving module 8, an electronic camera 7 and a focusing laser lamp 9 are arranged in the detection vehicle 11, the electronic camera 7 comprises a light compensation module 10, and the terminal processing system 12 comprises an image classification module 13, a road surface damage classification module 14, a road condition analysis module 15, a limited capital recording module 18, a road section maintenance budget module 19, and a capital comparison module 20.
The signal port of the terminal processing system 12 is connected with the signal port of the computer control center 1, the data transmission module 3 is arranged between the interference compensation module 4 and the electronic display 2, the signal port of the data transmission module 3 is connected with the signal port of the electronic display 2, the signal port of the interference compensation module 4 is connected with the signal port of the data transmission module 3, and the signal port of the interference compensation module 4 is connected with the signal port of the electronic display 2 through the data transmission module 3.
The signal port of the image processing module 5 is connected with the signal port of the interference compensation module 4, the signal port of the image acquisition module 6 is connected with the signal port of the image processing module 5, the signal port of the electronic camera 7 is connected with the signal port of the image acquisition module 6, and the signal port of the light compensation module 10 is connected with the signal port of the electronic camera 7.
The signal port of the focusing laser lamp 9 is connected with the signal port of the light ray holographic receiving module 8, and the signal port of the focusing laser lamp 9 is connected with the signal port of the interference compensation module 4 through the light ray holographic receiving module 8.
The signal port of the image classification module 13 is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system 12, the signal port of the road surface damage classification module 14 is connected with the signal port of the image classification module 13, the signal port of the road condition analysis module 15 is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system 12 through the image classification module 13, the road condition limitation 16 is connected with the road condition analysis module 15, and the road condition comprehensive index 17 is connected with the road condition limitation 16.
The signal port of the road damage grading module 14 is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system 12 through the image classification module 13, the signal port of the limited fund recording module 18 is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system 12, and the signal port of the road section maintenance fund budget module 19 is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system 12.
The signal ports of the fund comparison module 20 are connected with the signal ports of the limited fund recording module 18 and the road section maintenance fund budget module 19.
The fund limit 21 is connected with the fund comparison module 20, the fund limit 21 is connected with the pavement damage grading module 14, and the load sensor 22 is in electric signal connection with the computer control center 1.
When the road surface damage detection device works, the electronic camera 7 and the focusing laser lamp 9 are installed on the detection vehicle 11, the detection vehicle 11 runs on a detection road section, an image acquisition module 6 acquires a road surface picture shot by the electronic camera 7, the road surface is scanned by the focusing laser lamp 9, light waves reflected by the road surface are received by the light holographic receiving module 8, detected data are transmitted to the electronic display 2, the road surface damage severity can be represented by the road surface gray value of the defect on the picture due to the defects of cracks, pit slots, ruts, surface damage and the like of the damaged road surface, the image classification module 13 classifies the road surface damage severity according to the gray value of the picture, the road surface damage budget module 14 divides the damage severity into a plurality of grades, the road section maintenance fund module 19 estimates the fund for maintaining the damaged road surface, and the limited fund recording module 18 records rated funds, the fund estimated by the road section maintenance fund budget module 19 is compared with the fund recorded by the limited fund recording module 18 through the fund comparison module 20, if the fund estimated by the road section maintenance fund budget module 19 is larger than the rated fund of the limited fund recording module 18, namely the fund is limited 21, the limited fund can be used for carrying out preferential maintenance on the road section with large road surface damage degree, the benefit cost ratio is optimal, the road section is analyzed through the road condition analysis module 15, and if the grade of the road is determined, namely the road condition is limited 16, the road section can be maintained according to the road condition comprehensive index 17.
In summary, the image classification module 13 classifies the road surface damage severity according to the gray value of the image, the road surface damage classification module 14 divides the damage severity into a plurality of grades, the road section maintenance fund budget module 19 estimates the fund for maintaining the damaged road surface, the limited fund recording module 18 records the rated fund, the fund comparison module 20 compares the fund estimated by the road section maintenance fund budget module 19 with the fund recorded by the limited fund recording module 18, if the fund estimated by the road section maintenance fund budget module 19 is larger than the rated fund of the limited fund recording module 18, namely the fund is limited 21, the limited fund can be used for preferentially maintaining the road section with large road surface damage, so that the situation that the road cannot normally operate due to the local damage of the road can be prevented, and the benefit cost ratio is optimal; the road condition analysis module 15 is used for analyzing the road sections, if the grade of the road is determined and the fund is not limited, namely the road condition is limited 16, the road sections can be maintained according to the comprehensive road condition index 17, so that the road can reach the standard of the comprehensive road condition index 17, and the maintenance cost is lowest; the pavement is scanned by the focusing laser lamp 9, the reflected light can be received by the holographic light receiving module 8, if light beams enter pavement cracks, signals received by the holographic light receiving module 8 are weakened, the depth of the cracks can be detected according to the weakening degree of the signals, interference factors generated when the electronic camera 7 works can be eliminated by the interference compensation module 4, and the signals which are only the pavement scanned by the focusing laser lamp 9 and received by the holographic light receiving module 8 are more accurate compared with the traditional crack depth measuring method and are more convenient to operate; the road surface can be shot through the electronic camera 7, the damage condition of the road surface can be seen through shot pictures, the electronic camera 7 can still normally work under dim light through the light compensation module 10, errors between collected data and an actual road can be reduced, detection is more accurate, and passing vehicles can be weighed through a load sensor (the model is LC-link).
The invention also provides a device for making maintenance plan based on the fund and road condition requirements and a use method thereof,
a. an electronic camera 7 and a focusing laser lamp 9 are installed on a detection vehicle 11, the detection vehicle 11 runs on a detection road section, an image acquisition module 6 acquires a road surface picture shot by the electronic camera 7, an interference compensation module 4 eliminates interference factors, the picture is processed by an image processing module 5 and then is transmitted to an electronic display 2 through a data transmission module 3, the picture can be manually analyzed through the electronic display 2, a load sensor 22 is installed on the road surface, passing road vehicles are weighed through the load sensor 22, the data weighed by the load sensor 22 is transmitted to a computer control center 1 and is compared with the data in the computer control center 1, if the total mass of the vehicle is more than 32000 kg, the total mass of a semitrailer and other trailers is more than 40000 kg, and the total mass of the train is overweight when the total mass of the train is more than 49000 kg, recording and storing the number of overweight vehicles per day;
b. the road surface is scanned by a focusing laser lamp 9, the light wave reflected by the road surface is received by a light holographic receiving module 8, the interference factors are eliminated by an interference compensation module 4, and the information is transmitted to the electronic display 2 by a data transmission module 3;
c. the data received by the electronic display 2 is transmitted to the computer control center 1, and the road surface gray value of the defect on the picture can reflect the condition of the damaged road surface due to the defects of cracks, pits, ruts, surface damage and the like on the damaged road surface;
d. classifying the road surface damage severity degree according to the gray value of the picture through an image classification module 13, and dividing the damage degree into a plurality of grades through a road surface damage classification module 14;
e. estimating the funds for maintaining the damaged road surface through the road section maintenance fund budget module 19, recording the rated funds through the limited fund recording module 18, and comparing the funds estimated by the road section maintenance fund budget module 19 with the funds recorded by the limited fund recording module 18 through the fund comparison module 20;
f. if the fund estimated by the road section maintenance fund budget module 19 is larger than the rated fund of the limited fund recording module 18, namely the fund is limited 21, the limited fund can be used for carrying out preferential maintenance on the road section with large road surface damage degree, the benefit cost ratio can be optimized, the road section is analyzed by the road condition analysis module 15, and if the grade of the road is determined, namely the road condition is limited 16, the road section can be maintained according to the road condition comprehensive index 17, so that the maintenance cost investment is minimum.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a device based on fund and road conditions demand formulate maintenance scheme planning, includes computer control center (1), electronic display (2), detects car (11), road conditions is limited (16), road conditions comprehensive indicator (17), fund is limited (21), load sensor (22), its characterized in that: computer control center (1) includes terminal processing system (12), electronic display (2) are including interference compensation module (4), image processing module (5), image acquisition module (6), the holographic receiving module of light (8), detect inside electronic camera (7), the focused laser lamp (9) of being provided with of car (11), electronic camera (7) are including light compensation module (10), terminal processing system (12) are including image classification module (13), impaired grading module in road surface (14), road conditions analysis module (15), limited fund record module (18), highway section maintenance fund budget module (19), fund contrast module (20).
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for developing a maintenance plan based on the capital and road conditions requirements comprises: the signal port of the terminal processing system (12) is connected with the signal port of the computer control center (1), a data transmission module (3) is arranged between the interference compensation module (4) and the electronic display (2), the signal port of the data transmission module (3) is connected with the signal port of the electronic display (2), the signal port of the interference compensation module (4) is connected with the signal port of the data transmission module (3), and the signal port of the interference compensation module (4) is connected with the signal port of the electronic display (2) through the data transmission module (3).
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for developing a maintenance plan based on the capital and road conditions requirements comprises: the signal port of the image processing module (5) is connected with the signal port of the interference compensation module (4), the signal port of the image acquisition module (6) is connected with the signal port of the image processing module (5), the signal port of the electronic camera (7) is connected with the signal port of the image acquisition module (6), and the signal port of the lamplight compensation module (10) is connected with the signal port of the electronic camera (7).
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for developing a maintenance plan based on the capital and road conditions requirements comprises: and a signal port of the focusing laser lamp (9) is connected with a signal port of the light ray holographic receiving module (8), and the signal port of the focusing laser lamp (9) is connected with a signal port of the interference compensation module (4) through the light ray holographic receiving module (8).
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for developing a maintenance plan based on the capital and road conditions requirements comprises: the signal port of the image classification module (13) is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system (12), the signal port of the road surface damage classification module (14) is connected with the signal port of the image classification module (13), the signal port of the road condition analysis module (15) is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system (12) through the image classification module (13), the road condition limitation (16) is connected with the road condition analysis module (15), and the road condition comprehensive index (17) is connected with the road condition limitation (16).
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for developing a maintenance plan based on the capital and road conditions requirements comprises: the signal port of the road surface damage grading module (14) is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system (12) through the image classification module (13), the signal port of the limited fund recording module (18) is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system (12), and the signal port of the road section maintenance fund budget module (19) is connected with the signal port of the terminal processing system (12).
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for developing a maintenance plan based on the capital and road conditions requirements comprises: and signal ports of the fund comparison module (20) are connected with signal ports of the limited fund recording module (18) and the road section maintenance fund budget module (19).
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for developing a maintenance plan based on the capital and road conditions requirements comprises: the fund limitation (21) is connected with a fund comparison module (20), the fund limitation (21) is connected with a road surface damage grading module (14), and the load sensor (22) is in electric signal connection with the computer control center (1).
9. Use of a device for making maintenance plans based on the needs of capital and road conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that:
a. an electronic camera (7) and a focusing laser lamp (9) are installed on a detection vehicle (11), the detection vehicle (11) runs on a detection road section, a road surface picture shot by the electronic camera (7) is collected through an image collection module (6), interference factors are eliminated through an interference compensation module (4), the picture is processed through an image processing module (5) and then transmitted to an electronic display (2) through a data transmission module (3), the picture can be manually analyzed through the electronic display (2), a load sensor (22) is installed on the road surface, passing road vehicles are weighed through the load sensor (22), the weighed data of the load sensor (22) are transmitted to a computer control center (1) and compared with the data in the computer control center (1), if the total mass of the vehicle is more than 32000 kg, the semitrailer, The total mass of other trailers is above 40000 kilograms, the total mass of the motor train is above 49000 kilograms, and the number of overweight vehicles per day is recorded and stored;
b. the road surface is scanned by a focusing laser lamp (9), the light waves reflected by the road surface are received by a light holographic receiving module (8), interference factors are eliminated by an interference compensation module (4), and information is transmitted to an electronic display (2) by a data transmission module (3);
c. the data received by the electronic display (2) is transmitted to the computer control center (1), and the road surface gray value of the defect on the picture can reflect the condition of the damaged road surface due to the defects of cracks, pot holes, ruts, surface damage and the like on the damaged road surface;
d. classifying the road surface damage severity degree according to the gray value of the picture through an image classification module (13), and dividing the damage degree into a plurality of grades through a road surface damage classification module (14);
e. estimating the fund for maintaining the damaged road surface through a road section maintenance fund budget module (19), recording the rated fund through a limited fund recording module (18), and comparing the fund estimated by the road section maintenance fund budget module (19) with the fund recorded by the limited fund recording module (18) through a fund comparison module (20);
f. if the fund estimated by the road section maintenance fund budget module (19) is larger than the rated fund of the limited fund recording module (18), namely the fund is limited (21), the limited fund can be used for carrying out preferential maintenance on the road section with large road surface damage degree, the benefit cost ratio can be optimal, the road section is analyzed by the road condition analysis module (15), and if the grade of the road is determined, namely the road condition is limited (16), the road section can be maintained according to the road condition comprehensive index (17), so that the maintenance cost investment is minimum.
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| US20080172311A1 (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2008-07-17 | Marlin Financial Services, Inc. | Mobile workforce management apparatus and method |
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| KR20120131448A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-12-05 | 에스엘 주식회사 | System for monitoring front side of vehicles |
| CN104132817A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-11-05 | 庞抗美 | Dynamic intelligent detecting platform and method for motor vehicle external characteristics |
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