CN109959507B - Retarder fault detection device - Google Patents
Retarder fault detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109959507B CN109959507B CN201910371760.6A CN201910371760A CN109959507B CN 109959507 B CN109959507 B CN 109959507B CN 201910371760 A CN201910371760 A CN 201910371760A CN 109959507 B CN109959507 B CN 109959507B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
A fault detection device of a retarder comprises a detection zone shaft metering module and a plurality of node unit detection modules; the detection area axle counting module comprises an axle counting module I and an axle counting module II; the axle counting module I and the axle counting module II are respectively arranged at the head end and the tail end of the steel rail in the detection area; the plurality of node unit detection modules are arranged between the axle counting module I and the axle counting module II; each node unit detection module corresponds to one retarder and comprises six sensors for detecting the working state of the corresponding retarder. The retarder fault detection device is convenient to install and use and low in cost, can accurately monitor the working condition of the retarder, and reduces accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fault detection device for a retarder.
Background
The retarder is an indispensable device for the rail marshalling station to carry out truck marshalling operation, and is arranged on a steel rail at the tail part of the hump to control the truck coupling speed, improve the marshalling efficiency and ensure the marshalling operation safety. When the retarder fails, the coupling quality can not meet the requirement, or the safety accident of falling the truck can occur. The fault of the retarder has four conditions that the air leakage does not work, the air leakage ejector rod cannot reset, the ejector rod is blocked, and the mounting bolt is broken. It can be seen that timely finding the failure of the retarder is very important to ensure the safety of the grouping operation. It is known that at present, no equipment capable of monitoring the working conditions of the retarder in real time exists at home and abroad, the number of the retarder is huge, the number of the retarder in a marshalling yard is thousands, the efficiency is low by manual inspection, moreover, the faults of the retarder are difficult to find, and the occurrence of safety accidents occurs in marshalling operation, so that the retarder fault detection device is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a retarder fault detection device which meets the use requirement, is convenient to install and use and has low manufacturing cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a fault detection device of a retarder comprises a detection zone shaft metering module and a plurality of node unit detection modules;
the axle counting module of the detection area is used for detecting the number of the passed wheels and comprises an axle counting module I and an axle counting module II; the axle counting module I and the axle counting module II are respectively arranged at the head end and the tail end of the steel rail in the detection area;
the plurality of node unit detection modules are arranged between the axle counting module I and the axle counting module II; each node unit detection module corresponds to one retarder and is used for detecting the working state of the corresponding retarder; each node unit detection module comprises six sensors; the six sensors are respectively a sensor I, a sensor II, a sensor III, a sensor IV and a sensorAnd sensor->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The sensor I and the sensor II are matched with each other and used for detecting the working state of the piston rod of the retarder, are respectively arranged at the corresponding positions of the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston rod of the retarder and are in non-contact with the piston rod; the sensor III and the sensor IV are matched with each other and used for detecting whether the fastening bolts of the retarder are broken or not, and the sensor III and the sensor IV are respectively arranged on the fastening bolts for installing the retarder on the steel rail; said sensor->The temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the cylinder body of the retarder and is tightly attached to the cylinder body of the retarder; said sensor->The device is used for detecting the ambient temperature beside the retarder and is installed in a non-contact manner with the cylinder body of the retarder.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the sensor I and the sensor II are electromagnetic induction proximity switches, infrared proximity switches or ultrasonic proximity switches.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the sensor III and the sensor IV are both spring contact switch sensors, and the spring contact switch sensors are arranged at the root of a bolt rod and comprise contact switches and spring washers.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the axle counting module I and the axle counting module II both adopt wheel sensors, and the wheel sensors adopt shear sensors or magnetic steel sensors.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the sensor I and the sensor II are fixed at equal heights of the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston rod of the retarder through the mounting frame.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the sensorSensor->Are all temperature sensors.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fault detection device for the retarder has the following beneficial effects:
1. the retarder fault detection device disclosed by the invention keeps the original retarder internal structure unchanged, and can accurately monitor the working condition of the retarder and reduce accidents by only adding the retarder fault detection device on the basis of the original retarder.
2. The fault detection device for the retarder is simple to install, convenient to use and maintain and low in manufacturing cost.
3. The retarder fault detection device is connected with the upper computer to monitor the working condition of the retarder in real time, so that the quality of the train marshalling operation is greatly improved.
The technical features of a retarder fault detection device according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural position distribution of a retarder fault detection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of a node unit detection module according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of C in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a retarder fault detection device according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a signal waveform diagram of the retarder fault detection device under normal retarder operation.
In the figure:
1-sensor I, 2-sensor II, 3-sensor III or sensor IV, 31-contact switch, 32-spring washer, 4-sensor5-sensor->The device comprises a 6-fastening bolt, a 7-fastening nut, an 8-steel rail, a 9-signal conditioner, a 10-microprocessor, an 11-CAN communication bus, a 12-upper computer, a 13-retarder and a 14-mounting frame;
d1-axle counting module I, D2-axle counting module II, S1, S2 and Sn-node unit detection module.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the retarder fault detection device comprises a detection zone axle counting module and a plurality of node unit detection modules.
The axle counting module of the detection area is used for detecting the number of the passed wheels and comprises an axle counting module ID 1 and an axle counting module II D2; the axle counting module ID 1 and the axle counting module II D2 are respectively arranged at the head end and the tail end of the steel rail 8 in the detection area;
the plurality of node unit detection modules are arrangedThe device is arranged between the axle counting module ID 1 and the axle counting module II D2; each node unit detection module corresponds to one retarder and is used for detecting the working state of the corresponding retarder 13; each node unit detection module comprises six sensors; the six sensors are respectively a sensor I1, a sensor II 2, a sensor III 3, a sensor IV and a sensor4 and sensor->5, a step of; the sensor I and the sensor II are matched with each other and used for detecting the working state of the piston rod of the retarder, are respectively arranged at the corresponding positions of the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston rod of the retarder, and are in non-contact with the piston rod; the sensor III and the sensor IV are matched with each other to detect whether the fastening bolts of the retarder are broken or not, and are respectively arranged on two fastening bolts 6 for installing the retarder on the steel rail (see fig. 4). Said sensor->And sensor->The temperature of the retarder cylinder and the ambient temperature beside the retarder are detected, respectively. Sensor->The sensor is tightly attached to the cylinder body of the retarder>The cylinder body of the retarder is arranged in a non-contact mode, and can be arranged on the side of the cylinder body of the retarder without being in direct contact with the cylinder body.
Preferably, the sensor I1 and the sensor II 2 are fixed at the equal height of the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston rod of the retarder through the mounting frame 14. The sensor I and the sensor II adopt electromagnetic induction proximity switches, infrared proximity switches or ultrasonic proximity switches. The mounting frame 14 may be mounted on the inside of the rail.
The sensor I and the sensor II are used for monitoring the end part of a piston rod of the retarder in real time, and the detection principle is as follows: under the action of wheels, a piston rod of the retarder moves up and down under the normal condition, a corresponding pulse electric signal can be generated by the proximity switch, and when the retarder breaks down, the pulse electric signal generated by the proximity switch is abnormal. Namely, when the retarder is in normal operation, when the wheel is pressed across the top of the retarder piston rod, under the action of the weight of the wheel, the top of the retarder moves from the point A (namely, the upper dead center of the retarder piston rod) to the point B (namely, the lower dead center of the retarder piston rod) in fig. 2, and when the wheel is separated, the piston rod is reset under the action of air pressure in the retarder, and returns to the position A from the position B. And the proximity switch is arranged near the position A and the position B, the head of the piston rod respectively leaves and enters a sensing area of the proximity switch, and the proximity switch can sense the head of the piston rod to change the output level due to the fact that the size of the head of the piston rod is larger than that of the body of the piston rod, so that the pulse change of an output signal is caused. When the retarder is leaked, the piston rod cannot be automatically reset after being pressed down by the wheel, the signal of the proximity switch cannot change, and when the retarder is blocked, the wheel cannot push the piston rod to move, and the signal of the proximity switch cannot change. Therefore, whether the working state of the retarder is normal can be judged by analyzing the signals.
As shown in fig. 6, a signal waveform diagram of the retarder detection device under normal operation of the retarder is shown, where t represents time, U represents voltage, C represents signal waveform diagram of the sensor i mounted at the top dead center, and D represents signal waveform diagram of the sensor ii mounted at the bottom dead center.
Preferably, the sensors iii and iv are spring contact switch sensors, which are mounted at the root of the bolt shaft and include a contact switch 31 and a spring washer 32 (see fig. 3).
The sensor III and the sensor IV are used for detecting whether the connecting bolt of the retarder is broken or not, and the detection principle is as follows: generally, the breaking of the connecting bolt of the retarder occurs at the root of the bolt, and under normal conditions, the contact of the contact switch 31 is closed according to the compression of the spring washer 32 under the action of the fastening force of the fastening nut, after the bolt breaks, the fastening force of the fastening nut disappears, the spring washer 32 opens, the contact of the contact switch 31 separates, and the two states can be detected through a simple circuit, so that whether the fastening bolt breaks or not is judged.
The sensorSensor->The temperature sensors are respectively used for detecting the temperature of the retarder cylinder and the ambient temperature beside the retarder cylinder. When the retarder works normally, the temperature of the cylinder body of the retarder is obviously higher than the ambient temperature because the resistance is overcome to do work, and when the air leakage of the retarder does not do work, the temperature of the cylinder body of the retarder is not greatly different from the ambient temperature. By means of a sensor->And sensor->And judging whether the retarder has air leakage fault or not by the temperature difference formed by the detected temperature. Wherein the sensor is->5 may be mounted on a mounting frame 14.
Preferably, the axle counting module ID 1 and the axle counting module II D2 both adopt wheel sensors, and the wheel sensors adopt shear sensors or magnetic steel sensors. When the truck wheels pass, the axle counting module can give out corresponding pulse signals to indicate that the wheels pass.
In order to monitor the working condition of each retarder in real time, the signals of the sensors in the embodiment also need to be transmitted to a microprocessor for judgment and processingThe axle counting module ID 1, the axle counting module II D2 and each node unit detection module are respectively provided with a microprocessor 10 (such as stm32f103 series chips). The microprocessor in each node unit is used for receiving the sensor I, the sensor II, the sensor III, the sensor IV and the sensor in the node unitAnd sensor->The transmitted signals are processed, the working state of the corresponding retarder is judged, and finally, the judging result is sent to the upper computer 12 through the CAN communication bus 11; the microprocessor in the axle counting module ID 1 is used for receiving and processing signals transmitted by the wheel sensors arranged at the head end of the steel rail 8 in the detection area and transmitting the detected number of wheels to the upper computer 12 through the CAN communication module; the microprocessor in the axle counting module IID 2 is used for receiving and processing signals transmitted by the wheel sensors arranged at the tail ends of the steel rails 8 in the detection area and transmitting the detected number of wheels to the upper computer 12 through the CAN communication module. The sensor I, the sensor II, the sensor III, the sensor IV and the sensor +.>Sensor->And the wheel sensors are each connected to a corresponding microprocessor via a corresponding signal conditioner 9 (see fig. 5). The signal conditioner is connected with the corresponding sensors, and amplifies, filters and shapes weak signals of the sensors and provides the weak signals for the microprocessor for analysis and processing.
The method for monitoring the retarder by applying the retarder fault detection device comprises the following steps: the node unit detection module senses that the retarder is in a normal state, an air leakage state, a clamping state, whether a fastening bolt is broken or not and the like; and the microprocessor of each node unit detection module sends the judgment result to the upper computer through the CAN communication module, the processed judgment result displays the state of each detected retarder at the terminal (upper computer), and the alarm level is given according to the hazard degree, so that the working condition of the retarder is monitored in real time, and the safety protection is realized. In other words, the node unit detection module connected with the microprocessor takes the embedded single chip microcomputer as a core, continuously detects the output signal of the detected retarder sensor, and when the signal changes, the microprocessor in the node unit detection module analyzes the corresponding fault state and sends the information of the measuring point to the upper computer through wired or wireless communication. The detection area axle counting module is used for giving the number of wheels passing through detection of the detection points, and the node unit detection module is used for judging the working state of the retarder by combining the number of the wheels passing through. The number of the detected pulse data is consistent with that of the detected pulse data of the proximity switch sensor according to the number of the passing wheels, and if the number of the detected pulse data is consistent with that of the detected pulse data, the operation of the retarder is normal; if the numbers are inconsistent or the detected temperature differences are large, the working state of the retarder is abnormal, and the retarder needs to be checked or replaced.
It should be noted that the software program of the device related to the computer running is common management software, belongs to the prior art, and is not described herein.
The invention is widely applicable to detecting the retarder of various marshalling yards.
The invention is not related in part to the same as or can be practiced with the prior art. While the invention has been described in detail in connection with specific preferred embodiments thereof, it should not be construed that the practice of the invention is limited to the examples set forth herein, but rather, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other modifications and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to cover the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a retarder fault detection device which characterized in that: the system comprises a detection area axle counting module and a plurality of node unit detection modules;
the axle counting module of the detection area is used for detecting the number of the passed wheels and comprises an axle counting module I (D1) and an axle counting module II (D2); the axle counting module I (D1) and the axle counting module II (D2) are respectively arranged at the head end and the tail end of the steel rail (8) in the detection area;
the plurality of node unit detection modules are arranged between the axle counting module I (D1) and the axle counting module II (D2); each node unit detection module corresponds to one retarder and is used for detecting the working state of the corresponding retarder (13); each node unit detection module comprises six sensors; the six sensors are respectively a sensor I (1), a sensor II (2), a sensor III (3), a sensor IV and a sensor(4) And sensor->(5) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The sensor I and the sensor II are matched with each other and used for detecting the working state of the piston rod of the retarder, are respectively arranged at the corresponding positions of the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston rod of the retarder and are in non-contact with the piston rod; the sensor III and the sensor IV are matched with each other and used for detecting whether the fastening bolt of the retarder is broken or not, and the sensor III and the sensor IV are respectively arranged on the fastening bolts (6) for installing the retarder on the steel rail; said sensor->(4) The temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the cylinder body of the retarder and is tightly attached to the cylinder body of the retarder; said sensor->(5) The device is used for detecting the ambient temperature beside the retarder and is installed in a non-contact manner with the cylinder body of the retarder.
2. The retarder fault detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the sensor I and the sensor II are electromagnetic induction proximity switches, infrared proximity switches or ultrasonic proximity switches.
3. The retarder fault detection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the sensor III and the sensor IV are both spring contact switch sensors, and the spring contact switch sensors are arranged at the root of a bolt rod and comprise a contact switch (31) and a spring washer (32).
4. A retarder fault detection device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the axle counting module I (D1) and the axle counting module II (D2) are respectively provided with a wheel sensor, and the wheel sensors are shear sensors or magnetic steel sensors.
5. The retarder fault detection device of claim 4, wherein: the sensor I and the sensor II are fixed at equal heights of the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston rod of the retarder through the mounting frame (14).
6. The retarder fault detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the sensorSensor and method for manufacturing the sameAre all temperature sensors.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910371760.6A CN109959507B (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2019-05-06 | Retarder fault detection device |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910371760.6A CN109959507B (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2019-05-06 | Retarder fault detection device |
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| CN109959507A CN109959507A (en) | 2019-07-02 |
| CN109959507B true CN109959507B (en) | 2024-02-20 |
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2019
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| KR20060077586A (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-05 | 한국철도기술연구원 | A system of braking apparatus-hindrance diagnose in electrical railway |
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