CN109950401A - A kind of flexible composite transparent electrode as well as preparation method and application thereof based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet - Google Patents
A kind of flexible composite transparent electrode as well as preparation method and application thereof based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet Download PDFInfo
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- CN109950401A CN109950401A CN201910226700.5A CN201910226700A CN109950401A CN 109950401 A CN109950401 A CN 109950401A CN 201910226700 A CN201910226700 A CN 201910226700A CN 109950401 A CN109950401 A CN 109950401A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Preparation method and use of flexible composite transparent electrode based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet.It using transparent polymer as flexible substrate, is processed by solwution method, obtains two kinds of compound flexible transparent electrodes of conductive material.Electrode has excellent photoelectric properties, high surface smoothness, good flexible bending resistance;Its photoelectric properties is close to the presently commercially available indium tin oxide target film being vaporized on glass, better than the commercially available indium tin oxide target film sputtered in flexible substrate such as ethylene terephthalate.Flexible composite transparent electrode can be applied in organic photovoltaic devices;The presence of titanium carbide nanometer sheet extends the actually active conductive area of electrode surface, is conducive to the hole that electrode generates exciton dissociation and is collected;Flexible photovoltaic devices based on the preparation of flexible compound electrode have good bending resistance, and the energy conversion efficiency of device is still maintained at 80% of its starting efficiency or more after undergoing thousands of secondary minor radius to bend.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nano material, organic semiconductor and flexible photoelectric device field;Binding soln processing method, with gold
Belong to nano wire and New Two Dimensional material titanium carbide nanometer sheet prepares flexible transparent electrode;It is mainly used in flexible, bent, transparent
And building of translucent electronic device etc..
Background technique
Flexible electronic is the technical field of emerging development, its appearance is recognized by global extensive concern and attention
For electronic technology revolution next time may be brought.Compared with conventional electronics, flexible electronic device can be to a certain extent
The variation of suitable environment meets equipment Deformation Demands, thus has greater flexibility.Flexible transparent electrode is as flexible electronic
In device very core and basis component, thus its research and progress have important promotion to the development of flexible electronic device
Effect.Traditional ITO conductive film haves the defects that its is intrinsic when being applied to flexible device, thus multiple material is ground in succession
Study carefully to substitute ITO.Such as graphene, carbon nanotube, metal grill, metal nanometer line, conducting polymer etc., wherein metal nano
The one kind of line as wherein most promising application, the attention by scientists.It is flexible thoroughly that preparation is processed based on metal nanometer line
The patent of prescribed electrode has much at present, but there is also its deficiencies, such as metal nanometer line transparent electrode for metal nanometer line itself
Mainly by nano wire form conductive network to conduct electric current, have between nano wire conductive network much insulate it is nonconducting
Region.Since there are higher porositys for conductive network, so the actually active conducting surface on metal nanometer line transparent electrode surface
Product is very limited, and which limits its applications in some photoelectric devices.
Summary of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of using metal nanometer line as flexible electrical
Pole conductive network skeleton is applied to using polymer-based material as flexible substrate by that will lack layer or few layer titanium carbide nanometer sheet
Silver nanowires conductive network surface makes up material using the filling of titanium carbide nanometer sheet as insulating regions between conductive network, obtains
To high performance flexible composite transparent electrode.Flexible composite transparent electrode have excellent photoelectric properties, surface it is super it is smooth (Ra:
1.52nm, Rq:2.30nm) and flexible bending performance.It can be applied in flexible photovoltaic devices, two-dimensional material titanium carbide nanometer
The introducing of piece is solved and is asked existing for fine silver nano line electrode since the limited caused device performance of collection hole ability is low
Topic, can obtain with the comparable energy conversion efficiency of ito glass, the flexible photovoltaic devices based on flexible composite transparent electrode have
Excellent bending performance, the energy conversion efficiency of device is still maintained at its starting efficiency after undergoing thousands of secondary minor radius bendings
80% or more.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that
A kind of flexible composite transparent electrode based on metal nanometer line Yu titanium carbide nanometer sheet, including consisting of part:
I. metal nanometer line constructs conductive grid;
Ii. single layer or few layer titanium carbide nanometer sheet improve conductive area level of coverage;
Iii. flexible and transparent macromolecule matrix provides mechanical strength.
Further, the metal nanometer line refers to one of gold, copper, nickel, platinum, palladium, silver, aluminum metal nano wire, or
The metal nanometer line of the alloy of two kinds and two or more compositions;The diameter of the metal nanometer line is 10-100 nanometers, length
It is 20-300 microns.
Further, the single layer or few layer titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) nanometer sheet is by early transition metal, titanium or carbon and table
Face active end group composition, it includes hydroxyl, chlorine, fluorine that a large amount of active end groups are contained on nanometer sheet surface, single layer or few layer nanometer sheet area
Size is in 0.1um2To 5um2Between, with a thickness of between 2-5nm, prepared using the method for hydrogen fluoride etching.
Further, the flexible macromolecule substrate is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly- naphthalenedicarboxylic acid second two
The one or more of alcohol ester (PEN), polyimides (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PUA), polyether-ketone (PEK).
The following steps are included:
(1) metal nanometer line is coated in release liners, dries washing, obtain the metal for being coated on release liners surface
Nano wire transparent electrode;
(2) thick and in homogeneous thickness to the one layer of micro-meter scale of coating of metal nanometer line transparent electrode surface obtained by step (1)
Polymer-based prepolymer, will be polymer-based after solidification by the way that light is poly- or the solidification of the methods of hot polymerization as flexible macromolecule substrate
The related metal nanometer line transparent electrode of film is removed from release liners together, is obtained conducting surface and is made of metal nanometer line merely
Flexible transparent electrode;
(3) the titanium carbide nanometer sheet for weighing a certain amount of chemical oxidization method preparation, is dispersed, ultrasonic disperse is carbonized with solvent
Titanium nanometer sheet dispersion liquid;
(4) titanium carbide nanometer sheet dispersion liquid obtained by step (3) is applied to obtained by step (2) by gold as solution processing method
The flexible transparent electrode surface for belonging to nano wire composition washes away residual and extra titanium carbide nanometer sheet, obtains after dry by metal
Nano wire and New Two Dimensional material titanium carbide nanometer sheet are the flexible composite transparent electrode of conductive material;
Wherein each component and material specific performance include:
I. the metal nanometer line electrode photoelectric performance in step (1): square resistance 450-15Ohm/sq, 550nm light transmission
Rate is 95-81%;
Ii. the single layer in step (3) or few layer titanium carbide nanometer sheet: size is in 0.1um2To 5um2Between, with a thickness of
Between 2-5nm, conductivity is in 3000-6000Scm-1Between;
Iii. the flexible macromolecule substrate thickness in step (2) is 50-1000um;
Iv. the titanium carbide nanometer sheet dispersion liquid concentration in step (3) is 0.1-5mg/mL;
V. the flexible composite transparent electrode photoelectric performance in step (4): square resistance 750-10Ohm/sq, 550nm is saturating
Light rate is 90-79%;
A kind of purposes of the flexible composite transparent electrode based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet.For organic photovoltaic
Flexible transparent electrode in device is successively coated with upper one layer of hole mobile material, by n with solwution method in flexible compound electrode surface
Upper cathode is finally deposited in photosensitive activity layer material, the electron transport layer materials of type and p-type semiconductor composition.It obtains flexible having
Machine photovoltaic device.
Further, solwution method includes that spin coating, slit are extrusion coated.
Further, the hole mobile material, including conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, cuprous rhodanide (CuSCN),
Coating thickness is between 20-50nm.
Further, photosensitive activity layer material, n-type semiconductor include small molecule Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor (A-
D-A) non-fullerene-based material ITIC, FDNCTF of structure and PC71BM, PC61BM of fullerene-based material, P-type semiconductor include
PTB7, PTB7-Th, PBDB-T, coating thickness is between 20-50nm.
Further, one of electron transport layer materials, including LiF, PDINO, PrC60MA, ZnO, cathode electrode material
Material is one of low work function metals such as Ca, Al.
The present invention is based on the use of metal nanometer line and the flexible composite transparent electrode of titanium carbide nanometer sheet on the way, organic photovoltaic
Preparing for device is further comprising the steps of:
(1) for hole transmission layer, 50-150 DEG C of drying temperature, 1-30 minutes drying times are chosen;Or further
Solvent is accelerated to evaporate with vacuum drying method;
(2) solvent anneal, thermal annealing are taken in device preparation, and additive is added, adjusts the method that mutually separates to obtain
The good pattern of the active layer of the nanoscale of continuous interpenetrating is to promote the working efficiency of device.
Compared with the prior art, advantages of the present invention is as follows:
(1) the invention discloses it is a kind of using solwution method processing, can large area preparation flexible composite transparent electrode, preparation
The method of electrode is simple, easy to operate, feature low in cost.
(2) present invention is intrinsic with excellent using the one-dimensional metal nano wire of big L/D ratio as conductive network skeleton
Bending performance, titanium carbide nanometer sheet have mechanical performance excellent specific to two-dimensional material.Metal nanometer line is received with titanium carbide
The composite transparent electrode of rice piece composition, has very excellent flexible bending resistance.
(3) present invention fills up the insulating regions in metal nanometer line conductive network using titanium carbide nanometer sheet for the first time, it is only necessary to
Minimal amount of titanium carbide nanometer sheet can be filled up to metal nanometer line conductive network surface is carried out effective covering, be mentioned significantly
The high practical conductive area of electrode surface, solves that porosity existing for pure metal nano line electrode is excessively high, and electrode surface is practical
The problem of effective conductive area deficiency.Further, since titanium carbide nanometer sheet thickness used is very thin, it is coated on the carbon of electrode surface
Change surface roughness affect very little when titanium nanometer sheet stacks to electrode, therefore obtained composite transparent electrode is with very high
Surface smoothness.
(4) two kinds of conductive materials that the present invention uses: metal nanometer line is as conductive network skeleton and titanium carbide nanometer
Piece suffers from good optics electric property, thus corresponding flexible composite transparent electrode also has very excellent photo electric
Energy.
(5) flexible organic photovoltaic devices disclosed by the invention, energy conversion efficiency with higher and excellent flexibility
Ability resistant to bending.By taking active layer is the ternary forward direction flexible photovoltaic devices of PBDB-T:ITIC:PC71BM as an example, with highest
8.30% energy conversion efficiency, device still have initial after the bending experiment of 1000 5mm crooked process radius of experience
84.64% energy conversion efficiency.Invention based on metal nanometer line Yu the flexible composite transparent electrode of titanium carbide nanometer sheet is expanded
Two-dimensional material titanium carbide nanometer sheet has been opened up in the application space in flexible photoelectric device field.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope and conductive element analysis chart of the flexible composite transparent electrode of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the atomic force microscopy diagram of the flexible composite transparent electrode of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the bend test change curve of the flexible composite transparent electrode of embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is that the bend test variation for the flexible photovoltaic devices based on flexible composite transparent electrode that embodiment 3 obtains is bent
Line.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
(1) silver nanowires coating fluid (2.5mg/mL) glass surface is coated on after liquid volatilization to be coated with Meyer stick to put
It is placed in 60 DEG C of thermal station and heats 5min thoroughly to remove solvent, obtain the silver nanowires electrically conducting transparent net for being coated on glass surface
Network.
(2) the uniform polyurethane prepolymer of a layer thickness is scratched being coated with silver nanowires electrically conducting transparent network surface, apply
Cloth is with a thickness of 150 μm;It is heating and curing.Polyurethane after solidification is removed from glass surface, obtains being embedded with silver nanowires and base
Bottom is the flexible transparent electrode of polyurethane.
(3) the titanium carbide nanometer sheet for weighing the preparation of 0.16g chemical etching method is placed in a beaker, and 80ml deionized water is added,
Ultrasound obtains the titanium carbide nanometer sheet dispersion liquid of 0.5mg/ml for 1 minute.
(4) (3) resulting titanium carbide nanometer sheet dispersion liquid is coated on leading for silver nanowires transparent electrode by czochralski method
Ammeter face, coating duration 10min obtain flexible composite transparent electrode.
(5) the flexible composite transparent electrode surface obtained to step (4) is analyzed, and discovery electrode surface flatness is high,
Conductive material is evenly distributed in electrode surface, and titanium carbide nanometer sheet effectively fills up silver nanowires conductive network gap, this
Point can be from attached drawing 1, attached drawing 2 to the scanning electron microscope and conductive element analysis chart, atomic force microscopy of flexible composite transparent electrode
Mirror figure can be seen that.
Embodiment 2:
(1) silver nanowires coating fluid (0.5mg/mL) is spin-coated on the surface ethylene terephthalate (PET), liquid to be coated
After volatilization, it is placed in 60 DEG C of thermal station and heats 5min thoroughly to remove solvent, obtain being coated on ethylene terephthalate (PET)
The silver nanowires electrically conducting transparent network on surface.
(2) the uniform polyurethane prepolymer of a layer thickness is scratched being coated with silver nanowires electrically conducting transparent network surface, apply
Cloth is with a thickness of 300 μm;It is heating and curing.Polyurethane after solidification is removed from glass surface, obtains being embedded with silver nanowires and base
Bottom is the flexible transparent electrode of polymer.
(3) the titanium carbide nanometer sheet for weighing the preparation of 0.16g chemical etching method is placed in a beaker, and 80ml isopropanol is added, and is surpassed
Sound obtains the titanium carbide nanometer sheet dispersion liquid of 0.5mg/ml for 5 minutes.
(4) the titanium carbide nanometer sheet dispersion liquid that (3) obtain is coated on silver nanowires flexible transparent electrode table with spin-coating method
Face dries to obtain flexible composite transparent electrode.
(5) the flexible transparent electrode progress flexible bending that implementation steps (4) obtain is reckoned the actual amount after a discount and is tested, experimental result is shown in attached drawing 3a institutes
Show.Crooked process radius range is 5-40mm, after the primary bending of experience, the more initial square electricity of the square resistance of flexible transparent electrode
Resistance ratio does not change;After the radius bending experiment of 1000 5mm of experience, Fig. 3 b is seen, the square resistance of flexible electrode is relatively just
The ratio of beginning resistance only has increase slightly.
Embodiment 3:
(1) silver nanowires coating fluid (0.5mg/mL) is spin-coated on the surface ethylene terephthalate (PET), liquid to be coated
After volatilization, nitrogen gun is dried up thoroughly to remove solvent, obtains the silver nanowires transparent conductive electrode for being coated on pet sheet face.
(2) it weighs and scratches the uniform polyurethane prepolymer of a layer thickness being coated with silver nanowires electrically conducting transparent network surface
Object, coating thickness are 100 μm;Ultra-violet curing.Polyurethane after solidification is removed from pet sheet face, obtains being embedded with silver nanowires
And substrate is the compound of polyurethane.
(3) weigh 0.16g chemical etching method preparation titanium carbide nanometer sheet be placed in a beaker, be added 160ml isopropanol and
Ethylene glycol mixture, ultrasound obtain the titanium carbide nanometer sheet dispersion liquid solution of 0.25mg/ml for 5 minutes.
(4) titanium carbide nanometer sheet dispersion liquid solution made from step (3) is applied to by the extrusion coated method of slit
Silver nanowires transparent electrode surface, obtains flexible composite transparent electrode.
(5) on the flexible composite transparent electrode that implementation steps (4) obtain, flexible photovoltaic devices are prepared.
Based on flexible composite transparent electrode, flexible photovoltaic devices are prepared for, Fig. 4 is the bending performance of flexible photovoltaic devices,
After it experienced the primary bending that crooked process radius range is 5-40mm, when crooked process radius is greater than 20mm, the device after bending
It still keeps as primary power transfer efficiency, when crooked process radius is 5mm, device efficiency maintains primary power transfer efficiency
97% or more;After the bend test that experienced 1000 different crooked process radius, the still at least remaining starting efficiency of device
84.64%.
Above embodiments are only further to explain to the present invention, be should not be limited to interior disclosed in the embodiment
Hold.Specific substance, can be implemented through the invention in product component disclosed in technical solution of the present invention, and with
Embodiment obtains identical technical effect, does not individually enumerate embodiment one by one herein and is illustrated.So all do not depart from this hair
The equivalent or modification completed under bright disclosed spirit, both falls within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of flexible composite transparent electrode based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet, it is characterised in that including with the following group
At part:
I. metal nanometer line constructs conductive grid;
Ii. single layer or few layer titanium carbide nanometer sheet improve conductive area level of coverage;
Iii. flexible and transparent macromolecule matrix provides mechanical strength.
2. the flexible composite transparent electrode according to claim 1 based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet, special
Sign is: the metal nanometer line refers to one of gold, copper, nickel, platinum, palladium, silver, aluminum metal nano wire or two kinds and two
The metal nanometer line of the alloy of kind composition described above;The diameter of the metal nanometer line is 10-100 nanometers, and length is that 20-300 is micro-
Rice.
3. the flexible composite transparent electrode according to claim 1 based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet, special
Sign is: the single layer or few layer titanium carbide Ti3C2TxNanometer sheet is by early transition metal, titanium or carbon and surface-active end group group
At it includes hydroxyl, chlorine, fluorine that a large amount of active end groups are contained on nanometer sheet surface, and single layer or few layer nanometer sheet size are in 0.1um2
To 5um2Between, with a thickness of between 2-5nm, prepared using the method for hydrogen fluoride etching.
4. the flexible composite transparent electrode according to claim 1 based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet, special
Sign is: the flexible macromolecule substrate is polyethylene terephtalate, polyethylene naphthalate PEN, polyamides
The one or more of imines PI, polycarbonate, polyurethane PU A, polyether-ketone PEK, polyacrylate.
5. a kind of claim 1-4 is described in any item based on metal nanometer line and the flexible composite transparent of titanium carbide nanometer sheet electricity
The preparation method of pole, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) metal nanometer line is coated in release liners, dries washing, obtain the metal nano for being coated on release liners surface
Line based transparent electrode;
2) one layer of micro-meter scale thickness and macromolecule in homogeneous thickness are coated with to metal nanometer line transparent electrode surface obtained by step 1)
Based prepolymers are related by film polymer-based after solidification by the way that light is poly- or the solidification of the methods of hot polymerization as flexible electrode substrate
Metal nanometer line transparent electrode is removed from release liners together, and it is saturating to obtain the flexibility that conducting surface is made of metal nanometer line merely
Prescribed electrode;
3) the titanium carbide nanometer sheet for weighing a certain amount of chemical oxidization method preparation, is dispersed, ultrasonic disperse obtains titanium carbide and receives with solvent
Rice piece dispersion liquid;
4) titanium carbide nanometer sheet dispersion liquid obtained by step 3) is applied to obtained by step 2) by metal nano as solution processing method
The flexible transparent electrode surface of line composition washes away residual and extra titanium carbide nanometer sheet, obtains after dry by metal nanometer line
It is the flexible composite transparent electrode of conductive material with New Two Dimensional material titanium carbide nanometer sheet;
Wherein each component and material specific performance include:
I. the metal nanometer line electrode photoelectric performance in step 1): square resistance is 450-5Ohm sq-1, 550nm light transmittance is
95-81%;
Ii. the single layer in step 3) or few layer titanium carbide nanometer sheet: size is in 0.1um2To 5um2Between, with a thickness of 2-5nm
Between, conductivity is in 3000-6000Scm-1Between;
Iii. the flexible macromolecule substrate thickness in step 2) is 50-1000um;
Iv. the titanium carbide nanometer sheet dispersion liquid concentration in step 3) is 0.1-5mg/mL;
V. the flexible composite transparent electrode photoelectric performance in step 4): square resistance is 750-10Ohm sq-1, 550nm light transmittance
For 90-79%.
6. a kind of claim 1-4 is described in any item based on metal nanometer line and the flexible composite transparent of titanium carbide nanometer sheet electricity
The purposes of pole, it is characterised in that: for the flexible transparent electrode in organic photovoltaic devices, successively used in flexible compound electrode surface
Photosensitive activity layer material, the electron transfer layer that solwution method is coated with one layer of hole mobile material, is made of N-shaped and p-type semiconductor
Material is finally deposited upper cathode, obtains organic photovoltaic devices flexible.
7. the use of the flexible composite transparent electrode according to claim 6 based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet
On the way, it is characterised in that: the hole mobile material includes conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, cuprous rhodanide CuSCN, and coating is thick
Degree is between 20-50nm.
8. the use of the flexible composite transparent electrode according to claim 6 based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet
On the way, it is characterised in that: in photosensitive activity layer material, n-type semiconductor includes small molecule Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor structure
Non- fullerene-based material ITIC, FDNCTF and fullerene-based material PC71BM, PC61BM, P-type semiconductor include PTB7,
PTB7-Th, PBDB-T, coating thickness is between 20-50nm.
9. the use of the flexible composite transparent electrode according to claim 6 based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet
On the way, it is characterised in that: electron transport layer materials include one of LiF, PDINO, PrC60MA, ZnO, and cathode electrode material is
The low work function metal of Ca or Al.
10. according to the described in any item flexible composite transparents based on metal nanometer line and titanium carbide nanometer sheet of claim 6-9
The purposes of electrode, it is characterised in that: it is characterized in that preparing for organic photovoltaic devices is further comprising the steps of:
1) for hole transmission layer, 50-150 DEG C of drying temperature, 1-30 minutes drying times are chosen;Or further use vacuum
Dry method accelerates solvent to evaporate;
2) method for taking solvent anneal, thermal annealing, addition additive, adjusting mutually to separate in device preparation is continuous to obtain
The good pattern of the active layer of the nanoscale of interpenetrating is to promote the working efficiency of device.
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