CN109948255B - Additive manufacturing metal skin lattice structure for storage tank installation and design method thereof - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing metal skin lattice structure for storage tank installation and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109948255B CN109948255B CN201910216424.4A CN201910216424A CN109948255B CN 109948255 B CN109948255 B CN 109948255B CN 201910216424 A CN201910216424 A CN 201910216424A CN 109948255 B CN109948255 B CN 109948255B
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of aerospace structures, in particular to an additive manufacturing metal skin lattice structure for storage tank installation and a design method thereof. The structure comprises a skin and a space lattice structure, wherein the space lattice structure is filled in the skin. The skin and the spatial lattice structure form a spherical shell structure. The outer peripheral wall of the spherical shell structure is provided with a fixing part, and the fixing part is arranged on the skin; the space lattice structure is used for bearing the storage box. And a lattice structure is filled in the skin, so that the quality of the whole bearing structure is reduced, and the integral rigidity is improved. The fixing parts are arranged on the periphery of the spherical shell structure, so that the whole bearing structure does not need a pull rod supported by a normal direction, and the bearing structure is higher in rigidity and stronger in bearing capacity.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of aerospace structures, in particular to an additive manufacturing metal skin lattice structure for storage tank installation and a design method thereof.
Background
In the field of structural design, particularly aerospace structures, it is often desirable to obtain high stiffness, high load bearing structures with the lightest mass. To obtain such a structure, work can be performed from the aspects of structural optimization design, material selection, and the like.
The storage tank mounting structure of various forms exists in a large number in the structural design field, and for the aerospace structure field, the structural demand for the storage tank mounting is particularly urgent for light weight, high rigidity and large load. The general structure includes: rods, beam slabs, shells, solid bodies, and combinations of different types of structures.
For the common mounting structure of the surrounding fixed and middle storage tank, the existing mode at present adopts an I-beam to improve the normal rigidity of a framework; however, the thicknesses of wing plates and web plates of the I-beam are limited by casting technology to be not less than 5mm, particularly the thickness of the web plate with low bending rigidity improvement efficiency is not less than 5mm, and in addition, the optimized design scheme of variable thickness cannot be realized for different areas, and finally the utilization rate of quality (weight) is low. In addition, some other structures design a flat plate structure with a pull rod for normal support, the flat plate structure is a stiffened plate formed by machining magnesium alloy, the thinnest thickness of ribs and plates can reach 2mm, the mass (weight) of the stiffened plate is lighter than that of a cast magnesium part, but the normal rigidity of the whole stiffened plate is poorer, so that the normal rigidity and the bearing capacity need to be improved through the pull rod, the difficulty of the assembly process is increased by the pull rod, the occupied space is increased, and the application range of the stiffened plate structure is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiment of the present application is to provide an additive manufacturing metal skin lattice structure for storage tank installation and a design method thereof, which aim to improve the problem that the existing storage tank installation structure cannot meet the requirements of light weight, high rigidity and large load bearing.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a technical solution:
a metal skin lattice structure, the metal skin lattice structure comprising:
the space lattice spherical shell structure is filled in the skin
The outer peripheral wall of the spherical shell structure is provided with a fixing part, and the fixing part is arranged on the skin; the space lattice structure is used for bearing an object.
The storage tank is filled with the lattice structure in the skin, so that the quality of the whole metal skin lattice structure is reduced, and the integral rigidity is improved. The fixing parts are arranged around the spherical shell structure, so that the whole metal skin lattice structure does not need to use a pull rod supported in a normal direction. The whole metal skin lattice structure has higher rigidity and stronger bearing capacity.
In other embodiments of the present application, the thicknesses of the skins at different locations of the spherical shell structure are not all the same.
The thicknesses of the skins are selected to be different, so that the thickness of the skin in a stress concentration area on the structural plate is increased, the thickness of the skin in a stress smaller area is reduced, the structural bearing efficiency is improved finally, and the structure with the same quality can bear larger load.
In other embodiments of the present application, the skin thickness at different locations of the spherical shell structure is between 0.5mm and 3 mm.
The thickness of the skin is between 0.5mm and 3mm, and the spherical shell structure can adapt to stress at different positions.
In other embodiments of the present application, the spatial lattice structure includes a plurality of lattice cells, each of which includes a plurality of rods connected along a diagonal of a cube.
The space lattice structure is periodically and regularly arranged, so that the bearing capacity of the whole spherical shell structure is uniform and stable. The cubic structure lattice cell element formed by the plurality of rod pieces enables the symmetry of the space lattice structure to be better and facilitates filling in the skin.
In other embodiments of the present application, the spherical shell structure has an upper skin on which the tank is mounted.
The storage tank is installed on the upper skin of the spherical shell structure, and can be better loaded.
In other embodiments of the present application, the tank mounting interface is provided on the upper skin.
The storage tank installation interface is arranged on the upper skin, so that the storage tank is convenient to install.
In other embodiments of the present application, the upper skin is further provided with a plurality of structural hoisting interfaces.
A plurality of structures lift by crane the interface setting on last covering, are convenient for lift by crane removal storage tank.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a technical solution:
a design method for an additive manufacturing metal skin lattice structure comprises the following steps:
obtaining a skin lattice spherical shell structure with continuously changed skin thicknesses at different parts by adopting a finite element simulation method;
manufacturing a skin lattice spherical shell structure by adopting a metal additive manufacturing process; the skin lattice spherical shell structure comprises a skin and a space lattice structure, and the space lattice structure is filled in the skin;
machining an upper skin of the skin lattice spherical shell structure by adopting a machining method to process a storage box mounting interface and a structure hoisting interface; and machining a structure fixing interface on the outer peripheral wall skin of the skin dot matrix spherical shell structure by adopting a machining method.
The design method for manufacturing the metal skin lattice structure in an additive mode can obtain a light, high-rigidity and large-bearing spherical shell structure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal skin lattice structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a partition of a metal skin lattice structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal skin lattice structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 3, rotated counterclockwise, taken at 32;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken at B-B of FIG. 3, rotated counterclockwise, taken at 16;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken at C-C of FIG. 3, rotated counterclockwise, taken at 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic spatial lattice structure diagram of a metal skin lattice structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a lattice cell of a metal-clad lattice structure provided in an embodiment of the present application, which corresponds to an enlarged view at viii in fig. 7.
Icon: 100-metal skin lattice structure; 110-a partition; 111-a first partition; 112-a second partition; 113-third partition; 120-a skin; 121-upper skin; 122-a tank mounting interface; 123-structural hoisting interface; 124-structural mounting interface; 130-a spatial lattice structure; 131-lattice cell; 132-rod.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like, refer to the orientation or positional relationship as shown in the drawings, or as conventionally placed in use of the product of the application, or as conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1-8, the present embodiment provides a metal skin lattice structure 100. The metal skin lattice structure 100 includes a skin 120 and a spatial lattice structure 130. The spatial lattice structure 130 is filled inside the skin 120. The skin 120 and the spatial lattice structure 130 form a spherical shell structure.
The storage tank is filled with the lattice structure in the skin, so that the quality of the whole metal skin lattice structure is reduced, and the integral rigidity is improved. The fixing parts are arranged around the spherical shell structure, so that the whole metal skin lattice structure does not need to use a pull rod supported in a normal direction. The whole metal skin lattice structure has higher rigidity and stronger bearing capacity.
Further, a fixing portion is disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the spherical shell structure, and the fixing portion is disposed on the skin 120; the spatial lattice structure 130 is used to carry the tanks.
Specifically, the structure of the metal skin lattice structure 100 is a spherical shell structure, and the fixing portions are arranged around the spherical shell structure, so that the whole metal skin lattice structure 100 is in a solid supporting state through the fixation around, and the storage tank to be loaded is arranged inside the spherical shell structure. I.e. applying the tank in the middle of the peripheral fixation.
Due to the adoption of the peripheral fixing mode, the metal skin lattice structure 100 does not need to use a pull rod supported in the normal direction. During bearing, the overload of the storage tank arranged in the middle is transmitted to the upper skin and the lower skin of the spherical shell near the mounting point through the mounting point of the storage tank arranged in the middle of the spherical shell structure, and then is transmitted to the peripheral fixing point of the spherical shell through the upper skin and the lower skin. The whole metal skin lattice structure 100 has higher rigidity and stronger bearing capacity.
Illustratively, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the applicant prepared the metal skin lattice structure 100 provided by the present application by a method of separating into a plurality of pieces and then welding.
It should be understood that in other alternative embodiments of the present application, the metal skin lattice structure may also be fabricated by an integral machining method.
Further, referring to FIG. 3, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the metal skin lattice structure 100 includes a plurality of split bodies 110. Specifically, the plurality of segments 110 includes three groups, the three groups of segments 110 are respectively a first segment 111, a second segment 112 and a third segment 113, and the first segment 111 and the second segment 112 are located at the edge of the spherical shell structure. Each set of divided bodies 110 includes two, and one of the first divided bodies 111 and one of the second divided bodies 112 are adjacent. Each third segment 113 is simultaneously adjacent to one first segment 111 and one second segment 112, and two third segments 113 are adjacent.
Further, the volume of the first divided body 111 is smaller than the volume of the second divided body 112, and the volume of the second divided body 112 is smaller than the volume of the third divided body 113.
Further, referring to fig. 3, one first division 111 and one second division 112 are adjacently located at one end edge of the spherical shell structure, the other first division 111 and the other second division 112 are adjacently located at the other end edge of the spherical shell structure, and two third divisions 113 are located between the two ends. That is, the third division body 113 is located at an intermediate position of the entire spherical shell structure with respect to the first division body 111 and the second division body 112. Since the third division body 113 has a large volume, the third division body 113 is disposed at the middle position of the spherical shell structure, so that a larger load-bearing capacity can be obtained.
It should be understood that in other alternative embodiments of the present application, the number and arrangement of the plurality of dividing bodies 110 may be selected according to practical situations.
Further, the positions of the first, second and third segments 111, 112 and 113 are distributed, so that the thickness of the skin 120 of each segment 110 can be set according to the stress conditions of different regions of the whole spherical shell structure.
Specifically, in alternative embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the skin 120 at different locations of the spherical shell structure is not exactly the same.
Further, the thickness of the skin 120 at different positions of the spherical shell structure is between 0.5mm and 3 mm.
Illustratively, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the skin 120 of the first and second segments 111 and 112 is selected to be 0.5mm, and the thickness of the skin 120 of the third segment 113 is selected to be 0.5-1.8 mm. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 exemplarily shows that the thickness d of the skin 120 of the third partition 113 is 1.8 mm.
It should be understood that in other alternative embodiments of the present application, the thicknesses of the skins 120 of the first, second and third divided bodies 111, 112 and 113 may be selected according to actual needs.
By selecting the thicknesses of the skins 120 of different split bodies 110 to be different, the thicknesses of the skins 120 in the stress concentration areas on the structural plates are increased, the thicknesses of the skins 120 in the stress smaller areas are reduced, and finally the structural bearing efficiency is improved, and the structure with the same mass (weight) can bear larger load.
Further, the entire spherical shell structure formed as described above has an upper skin 121 on which the tank is mounted.
The upper skins 121 of the entire spherical shell structure formed as described above are formed by splicing the upper skin blocks of the plurality of divided bodies 110.
In other alternative embodiments of the present application, the above-formed entire spherical shell structure having the upper skin 121 may be disposed on the spherical shell structure by using an integral upper skin.
Further, the shape of the skin 120 is not limited, and may be selected according to actual needs.
Illustratively, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2, the shape of the skin 120 is selected to be an arc, and the skin is a sphere as a whole and distributed on the outer surface of the entire spherical shell structure.
In other alternative embodiments of the present application, the shape of the skin 120 may be set to other shapes, such as a polygon.
Further, a plurality of tank mounting interfaces 122 are provided on the upper skin 121 of the spherical shell structure. Further alternatively, a plurality of tank mounting interfaces 122 are located at the middle position of the skin 121 on the whole spherical shell structure, so that the bearing function of the space lattice structure 130 inside the spherical shell structure can be fully exerted.
It should be understood that the specific number and arrangement of the tank mounting interfaces 122 described above is selected and configured according to the shape and configuration of the tanks to be mounted.
Illustratively, referring to fig. 3-6, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the tank mounting interfaces 122 comprise two sets, two sets of tank mounting interfaces 122 are respectively disposed on one third partition 113, and each set of tank mounting interfaces 122 comprises 32 respective mounting holes in the shape of a ring.
Further, a plurality of structural hoisting interfaces 123 are further arranged on the upper skin 121 of the spherical shell structure.
Through set up a plurality of structures on the upper skin 121 of spherical shell structure and lift by crane interface 123, can conveniently remove whole storage tank hoist and mount.
Illustratively, the plurality of structural lifting interfaces 123 on the upper skin 121 of the spherical shell structure described above are evenly distributed on the upper skin 121 of the spherical shell structure. For example, referring to fig. 1, the structural lifting interfaces 123 include 4, which are respectively disposed on the two first partitions 111 and the two second partitions 112 at the edge of the spherical shell structure.
It should be understood that in other alternative embodiments of the present application, the number and the distribution manner of the plurality of structural hoisting interfaces 123 may also be selected and set to be other numbers and other distribution manners according to actual needs.
Further, the fixed part that sets up on the periphery wall of spherical shell structure includes a plurality of structure installation interfaces 124, evenly distributed is around the spherical shell structure. So that the spherical shell structure can be fixed from the periphery.
When the tank is mounted to the tank mounting interface 122, since the entire metal skin lattice structure 100 is circumferentially fixed, the tank acceleration overload is transmitted through the tank mounting interface 122 to the nearby skin (the tank mounted split skin) and then through the remaining skin to the structure mounting interface 124.
Illustratively, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 3, 16 structure mounting interfaces 124 are uniformly distributed on the outer peripheral wall of the spherical shell structure, and the entire metal skin lattice structure 100 is fixed from the periphery through the 16 structure mounting interfaces 124.
In other alternative embodiments of the present application, the number and the distribution form of the fixing portions may be selected according to actual needs.
Further, the spatial lattice structure 130 includes a plurality of lattice cells 131, each of which includes a plurality of rods 132 connected along a diagonal of the cube.
In an alternative embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 7-8, the plurality of rods 132 connected along the diagonal of the cube is selected from a cube having a side length of 10mm, and the rods 132 each have a diameter of 0.5 mm.
The space lattice structure 130 is periodically and regularly arranged in each of the segments 110, so that the overall bearing capacity of each segment 110 is uniform and stable. The cubic lattice cell 131 formed by the plurality of rods 132 makes the spatial lattice structure 130 more symmetrical, and is more convenient to fill in each partition 110.
The spatial lattice structure 130 can effectively reduce the quality of the entire metal skin lattice structure 100 and improve the rigidity and the load-bearing capacity of the entire metal skin lattice structure 100.
In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the lattice cells 131 may be selected from other types of lattice cells. For example, the lattice-structured cells are formed by connecting rods distributed along the diagonals of a common face-centered cubic structure or body-centered cubic structure.
Exemplarily, referring to fig. 3, the metal skin lattice structure 100 provided by the above embodiment has a self weight of 14.0kg, and can bear a maximum load of 1.68 × 105N (equivalent to a tank weight of 1.68 × 104 kg) in the middle under a sixteen-point clamped state; a140 kg storage tank is arranged in the middle, and the first-order frequency of the storage tank in a sixteen-point fixed supporting state reaches 89Hz (without a normally supported pull rod).
The metal skin lattice structure 100 provided by the application has the advantages of high bearing capacity, high structural rigidity and light structure self weight, and can be widely applied to the field of structures for aviation and aerospace.
Other optional embodiments of the present application further provide a design method for manufacturing an additive-manufactured metal skin lattice structure, including:
obtaining a skin lattice spherical shell structure with continuously changed skin thicknesses at different parts by adopting a finite element simulation method;
manufacturing a skin lattice spherical shell structure by adopting a metal additive manufacturing process; the skin lattice spherical shell structure comprises a skin and a space lattice structure, and the space lattice structure is filled in the skin;
machining an upper skin of the skin lattice spherical shell structure by adopting a machining method to process a storage box mounting interface and a structure hoisting interface; and machining a structure fixing interface on the outer peripheral wall skin of the skin dot matrix spherical shell structure by adopting a machining method.
In an alternative embodiment of the present application, a plurality of segments are made using a metal additive manufacturing process; each cutting body comprises a skin and a space lattice structure, and the space lattice structure is filled in the skin to weld the plurality of cutting bodies to form a spherical shell structure;
further optionally, the plurality of segments are prepared using a laser selective melting metal additive manufacturing approach.
Further alternatively, the spatial lattice structure and the skin of the spherical shell structure are manufactured by using AlSi10Mg metal powder as a raw material.
In other alternative embodiments of the present application, other metal powders such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, etc. suitable for use in the art may be selected. For example, Ti6Al4V metal powder.
Further, the specific steps of obtaining the skin lattice spherical shell structure with continuously changed skin thicknesses at different parts by adopting a finite element simulation method are as follows:
1) establishing a solid finite element model based on hexahedral units for carrying out topology optimization based on a variable density method, and searching for optimal material distribution of the structure, wherein the specific optimization method is that the first-order frequency is not lower than 85Hz as constraint, the density of each body unit is used as a design variable, the variable range of the design variable is 0-1, and the lightest weight of the whole finite element model is an optimization target; the optimization result shows that the rigidity and the bearing capacity can be improved and the structure weight can be effectively reduced by adopting the structure of combining the spherical shell skin with the internal filling lattice. 2) Establishing a finite element model based on a skin of a triangular shell unit and a rectangular shell unit and an internal one-dimensional beam unit simulation lattice, and searching the optimal distribution of the skin thickness, wherein the specific optimization method is that the first-order frequency is not lower than 85Hz as the constraint, the thickness of each shell unit is taken as the design variable, the variable range of the shell unit thickness design variable considering the manufacturing constraint is 0.5-3 mm, and the lightest weight of the integral finite element model is the optimization target; the optimized result is the skin lattice spherical shell with continuously changed skin thickness at different positions.
The design method for manufacturing the metal skin lattice structure in an additive mode can obtain a light, high-rigidity and large-bearing spherical shell structure.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A metal skin lattice structure, comprising:
the space lattice structure is filled inside the skin; the skin and the space lattice structure form a spherical shell structure;
a fixing part is arranged on the peripheral wall of the spherical shell structure and is arranged on the skin; the space lattice structure is used for bearing the storage box;
the thicknesses of the skins at different positions of the spherical shell structure are not completely the same;
the thickness of the skin at different positions of the spherical shell structure is 0.5mm-3 mm.
2. The metal skin lattice structure of claim 1,
the space lattice structure comprises a plurality of lattice cells, and each lattice cell comprises a plurality of rod pieces which are distributed and connected along the diagonal line of a cube.
3. The metal skin lattice structure of claim 1,
the spherical shell structure has an upper skin on which the tank is mounted.
4. The metal skin lattice structure of claim 3,
the tank mounting interface is disposed on the upper skin.
5. The metal skin lattice structure of claim 3,
and the upper skin is also provided with a plurality of structural hoisting interfaces.
6. A design method for manufacturing a metal skin lattice structure in an additive mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining a skin lattice spherical shell structure with continuously changed skin thicknesses at different parts by adopting a finite element simulation method;
manufacturing the skin lattice spherical shell structure by adopting a metal additive manufacturing process; the skin lattice spherical shell structure comprises a skin and a space lattice structure, and the space lattice structure is filled in the skin;
machining an installation interface of the storage tank and a structural hoisting interface of the upper skin of the skin lattice spherical shell structure by adopting a machining method; and machining a structure fixing interface on the outer peripheral wall skin of the skin lattice spherical shell structure by adopting a machining method.
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| CN107891634A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-04-10 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of double covering cylindrical shell structures of the composite dot-matrix interlayer containing metal inner lining for bearing internal pressure and its preparation technology |
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