CN109946300B - Cut tobacco processing resistance detection characterization method based on image method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for detecting and characterizing the processing resistance of cut tobacco based on an image method measures the number average length of the cut tobacco by using a machine vision method, can be respectively used for detecting and characterizing the processing resistance of the cut tobacco in two working procedures of pneumatic conveying and roller drying of the cut tobacco, and characterizes the processing resistance of the cut tobacco by using the change of the number average length of the cut tobacco before and after the pneumatic conveying and roller drying working procedures. The invention has the advantages that: a) the provided characterization method can intuitively embody the processing resistance of the cut tobacco; b) the method for measuring the characteristic size of the cut tobacco by using the image method is efficient, convenient and accurate. The characterization method for the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is simple and convenient to calculate, and can clearly show the crushing degree of the cut tobacco after the processes of air conveying, roller processing and the like, so that the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is reflected: the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is represented by the ratio S of the number average lengths of the cut tobacco before and after the working procedure, the closer the S is to 1, the smaller the crushing degree of the cut tobacco after processing is, and the stronger the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is; in the same way, the smaller the S is, the poorer the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tobacco processing, and particularly relates to a cut tobacco processing resistance detection characterization method based on an image method.
Background
The tobacco shred is the main component of cigarette, and the processing process of the tobacco shred of the finished cigarette mainly comprises the steps of shredding, screening, warming and humidifying, drying the tobacco shred, blending the tobacco shred and the like. In the production and processing process of tobacco products, the size distribution of tobacco shreds is the key point of physical quality control of the products in the cigarette production process, the tobacco shreds are broken into pieces in different degrees in the processing process, the broken tobacco shreds directly influence the tobacco shred structure and further influence the physical quality of cigarettes, such as increase of the cut tobacco shred dropping amount and the empty head rate of the end parts (influence of temperature on the broken rate and the size distribution uniformity of finished tobacco shreds) (Zhao Liang, etc.). In recent years, with the improvement of equipment strength and technical level in the cigarette industry, the requirement on the quality stability of cigarettes is remarkably improved, and the influence of the tobacco shred processing resistance problem on the physical characteristics of the cigarettes is more and more serious, particularly in the aspects of consumption reduction, the quantity of tobacco shreds falling from the end part, the change rate of the whole tobacco shred processing rate and the like (influence of drying parameters of a warming and humidifying roller on the tobacco shred processing resistance in Tanzui and the like). Therefore, the processing resistance of the cut tobacco indirectly influences the cigarette quality, reduces the breakage of the cut tobacco in the processing process, improves the structure distribution of the cut tobacco, and is an effective way for improving and stabilizing cigarette products. In the processing process of the tobacco shreds, especially in the air conveying and roller drying processes of the tobacco shreds, the tobacco shreds are gradually broken under different external force actions, so that the processing resistance of the subsequent processes of the tobacco shreds is poor, and the rolling effect of cigarettes is influenced.
At present, the change condition of the whole tobacco shred rate in the cigarette processing process is adopted in China to reflect the processing resistance of the tobacco shred. 2016 edition "cigarette processing Specification" specifies the definition of the rate of change of the whole filament rate, namely: the ratio of the percentage of the whole tobacco shred after passing through some steps to the percentage of the whole tobacco shred before passing through some steps is expressed as percentage. The definition of the whole silk rate is shown in 2016 edition cigarette technical Specification, page 174, appendix, F.4.8, and the determination method of the whole silk rate is shown in tobacco industry standard YC/T178-2003. However, the method of reflecting the processing resistance of the cut tobacco by using the change rate of the whole tobacco shred ratio has some problems: firstly, the crushing degree of the tobacco shreds with larger structural difference cannot be represented by the change of the whole shred rate; secondly, the existing whole silk rate test operation process is greatly influenced by human factors; thirdly, the sampling is difficult, and the tobacco shred processing process is influenced.
The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring the crushing degree of tobacco shreds by a screening method (patent name: a method and a device for measuring the crushing degree of the tobacco shreds, publication number: CN 101694435A). The method simulates the crushing process of the tobacco shreds by designing a novel tobacco shred crushing device, and obtains the characteristic size change rule of the tobacco shreds before and after passing through the device by using the screening method, thereby representing the anti-crushing capacity of the tobacco shreds. However, the screening method needs to perform multi-step data analysis and fitting on the measured data to obtain the characteristic length of the cut tobacco representing the cut tobacco structure.
In recent years, with the development of optical detection and computer image processing techniques, machine vision methods have been developed in research level and application level in the fields of industry, agriculture, medicine, military and the like. For example, the invention relates to a method for measuring roundness of a workpiece by using machine vision (patent publication No. CN 108072331A), and relates to a four-rotor flying robot target locking and tracking system based on machine vision (patent publication No. CN 108196576A). The machine vision method is mainly applied to the field of tobacco processing, and mainly focuses on selection and impurity removal of raw materials (for example, Liu Yong and the like, the invention of a combined light perspective-based visual identification and detection method for stem content and stem content in tobacco leaves, an authorization notice number: CN 102339385B) and morphological detection (for example, the invention of Zhu Wen Kui and the like, the invention of a determination method for quantitatively detecting the rate of coarse stems and the rate of long and short stems in tobacco stems based on X-ray transmission images, and a publication number: CN 108007945A). At present, no one can rapidly and conveniently measure the form change and the characteristic dimension of the same batch of cut tobacco before and after processing by a machine vision method so as to judge the processing resistance of the cut tobacco.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the application background and the prior art, the invention provides a new method for representing the processing resistance of cut tobacco, which comprises the following steps: the number average length of the cut tobacco is measured by a machine vision method, and the number average length is used for replacing the currently common characteristic length (the integral size of the cut tobacco is measured by the size of the cut tobacco corresponding to the mass ratio of 0.5 on a sieve). The processing resistance of the cut tobacco is represented by the change of the number average length of the cut tobacco before and after key working procedures such as air conveying, roller drying and the like.
The invention aims to solve the problem that the characteristic dimension of cut tobacco for representing the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is difficult to determine. Compared with the traditional screening method, the method does not need to perform data analysis, fitting and other work, the number average length of the tobacco shreds to be detected can be directly obtained by using machine vision detection equipment, unnecessary working steps are omitted, and the operation efficiency is improved. In addition, on the premise of random sampling by a quartering method, the number average length of the cut tobacco can reflect the physical characteristics of the cut tobacco of the whole batch of the cut tobacco compared with the characteristic length of the cut tobacco, so that the cut tobacco measured by the method has higher stability of the processing resistance.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution,
a cut tobacco processing resistance detection characterization method based on an image method can be used for cut tobacco processing resistance detection characterization of two procedures of air conveying and roller drying of cut tobacco respectively, and the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is characterized by the change of the number average length of the cut tobacco before and after the air conveying and roller drying procedures, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) a tobacco shred pneumatic conveying process:
(1.1) taking 100-800 g of tobacco shreds at the inlet of an air conveying device, and balancing the tobacco shreds under a constant temperature and humidity environment until the moisture content is 11-13%;
(1.2) repeatedly using 8-20 g of tobacco shred samples with balanced water by a quartering method;
(1.3) discretely paving tobacco shred samples on a sample clamping panel of a detection system (the clamping panel is an object stage of a tobacco shred imaging system, the bottom of the clamping panel is a black square metal panel, the clamping panel is covered by transparent glass, the tobacco shreds sampled by a quartering method are discretely paved on the black metal panel, then the black metal panel is covered by the glass, and the black square metal panel is placed into the imaging system through a rail), so that the panel is fully paved and the tobacco shreds are not overlapped;
(1.4) placing the sample clamping panel into an imaging field of a detection system for detection (see figure 1), and automatically acquiring an image by an imaging system (CCD camera: Charge Coupled Device);
(1.5) the image processing system in the computer uses an image segmentation algorithm to process the acquired image, and extracts the imaged tobacco shred skeleton:
(1.6) pushing the tobacco shreds from one end to the other end by taking pixel points as units, sequentially connecting pixel points corresponding to the sequence in the long edges at two sides of the skeleton image, identifying and positioning middle pixel points of the connecting line, combining the middle pixel points into a tobacco shred shape characteristic line, wherein the width of the middle pixel points is 1 pixel point, the length of the middle pixel points is n or more than 5 pixel points, the characteristic line with n or less than 4 pixel points is considered as the broken tobacco shreds, and the length of the line is the length L of the tobacco shreds without detection;
(1.7) calculating the number average length L of tobacco shred samples before air blowing according to the following formula0a：
In the above formula, N is the total number of tobacco shreds of the detected sample, LiThe length of the ith tobacco shred;
(1.8) taking 100-800 g of tobacco shreds at the outlet of an air conveying device, and balancing the tobacco shreds in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment until the moisture content is 11-13%;
(1.9) repeating the steps (1.2) to (1.7) to obtain the number average length of the tobacco shred samples after roller processing:
in the above formula, M is the total number of tobacco shreds of the detected sample, LjThe length of the jth cut tobacco;
(1.10) calculating the cut tobacco processing resistance by adopting the following formula:
wherein: sWind powerThe processing resistance of the tobacco shreds in the air conveying process is zero; l is0a、L0bThe number average length of the tobacco shreds in unit mm before and after the tobacco shreds are conveyed by wind;
(2) a roller drying procedure:
(2.1) before roller drying, taking 50-1000 g of tobacco shreds, and balancing the tobacco shreds in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment until the moisture content is 11-13%;
(2.2) repeating the steps (1.2) - (1.7) in the step (1), wherein the sampling quantity of the cut tobacco is changed to 5-30 g after balancing, and the number average length of the cut tobacco before roller drying is obtained:
in the above formula, P is the total number of tobacco shreds in the sample, LkThe length of the kth cut tobacco;
(2.3) after drying in a roller, taking 50-1000 g of tobacco shreds, and balancing the tobacco shreds in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment until the water content is 11-13%; (ii) a
(2.4) repeating the steps (1.2) - (1.7) in the step (1), wherein the sampling quantity of the cut tobacco is changed to 5-30 g after balancing, and the length of the cut tobacco after roller drying is obtained:
in the above formula, R is the total number of tobacco shreds of the detection sample, LtThe length of the tth cut tobacco is shown;
(2.5) calculating the processing resistance of the cut tobacco in the roller drying process by using the following formula:
wherein: sRollerThe processing resistance of the cut tobacco processed by a roller is unitless; l is0c、L0dThe average length of the tobacco shreds in unit mm before and after the tobacco shreds are dried by a roller.
The invention has the advantages that: a) the provided characterization method can intuitively embody the processing resistance of the cut tobacco; b) the method for measuring the characteristic size of the cut tobacco by using the image method is efficient, convenient and accurate. The characterization method for the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is simple and convenient to calculate, and can clearly show the crushing degree of the cut tobacco after the processes of air conveying, roller processing and the like, so that the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is reflected: the closer S is to 1, the smaller the crushing degree of the cut tobacco after processing is, and the stronger the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is; in the same way, the smaller the S is, the poorer the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tobacco shred detection system by an image method.
In fig. 1: 1. camera 2, camera lens 3, LED light source 4 sample clamping device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of cut tobacco length in a graph using an iterative algorithm.
Detailed Description
The principle and operation of the present invention are further explained as follows:
firstly, a tobacco shred pneumatic conveying process:
1) sampling is needed before and after the air conveying device, and the sampling amount is 100 g-800 g;
2) after sampling, the cut tobacco is placed for 48 hours in a constant temperature and humidity environment, the water content of the sample is balanced to 11% -13%, and 8 g-20 g of cut tobacco is taken out by a quartering method for multiple times;
3) as shown in fig. 1, a sample holding Device 4 is placed in an imaging field of the system through a guide rail for detection, an LED light source 3 of the imaging system emits visible light, and a CCD camera 1 (Charge Coupled Device) photographs a sample to obtain an image;
4) performing quantitative analysis on tobacco shred pixels in the acquired image through a computer image processing system, counting the gray distribution difference of Color components between a target and a background, performing segmentation processing in an image Color space by using a threshold segmentation method based on an RGB (Red-Green-Blue Color Model) component difference value to extract target tobacco shreds, meanwhile, judging whether the central pixel is positioned on the boundary of a connected domain by comparing the gray values of four connected positions and the central pixel by adopting a connected domain detection method, performing skeletonization on each tobacco shred target region by adopting an iterative algorithm, and determining a tobacco shred geometric skeleton;
5) the extracted imaged tobacco shred skeleton is shown in figure 2, pixel points are taken as units to be pushed from one end of the tobacco shred to the other end of the tobacco shred, sequentially corresponding pixel points in sequence in long edges at two sides of the skeleton image are connected, and middle pixel points of the connecting line are identified and positioned, the middle pixel points are combined into a tobacco shred shape characteristic line (the width is 1 pixel point, the length is n which is more than or equal to 5 pixel points, the characteristic line of n which is less than or equal to 4 pixel points is considered to be broken tobacco shreds and is not detected) shown by a dotted line in figure 2, the length of the line is the length L of a single tobacco shred, and the length result of each tobacco shred is directly displayed in a system window shown in figure one;
6) respectively calculating the number average length L of the tobacco shreds before air conveying according to the following formula0aNumber average length L of tobacco shreds after air conveying0bProcessing resistance S of tobacco shreds in air conveying processWind power：
Secondly, a roller drying process:
1) sampling is needed before and after the roller drying device, and the sampling amount is 50 g-1000 g;
2) after sampling, the cut tobacco is placed for 48 hours in a constant temperature and humidity environment, the water content of the sample is balanced to 11% -13%, and 5 g-30 g of cut tobacco is taken out by a quartering method for multiple times;
3) the sample clamping Device 4 is placed in an imaging field of the system through a guide rail for detection, an LED light source 3 of the imaging system emits visible light, and a CCD camera 1 (Charge Coupled Device) photographs a sample to obtain an image;
4) performing quantitative analysis on tobacco shred pixels in the acquired image through a computer image processing system, counting the gray distribution difference of Color components between a target and a background, performing segmentation processing in an image Color space by using a threshold segmentation method of an RGB (Red-Green-Blue Color) component difference value to extract target tobacco shreds, meanwhile, judging whether the central pixel is positioned on the boundary of a connected domain by comparing the gray values of four connected positions and the central pixel by adopting a connected domain detection method, performing skeletonization on each tobacco shred target region by adopting an iterative algorithm, and determining a tobacco shred geometric skeleton;
5) the extracted imaged tobacco shred skeleton is shown in figure 2, pixel points are taken as units to be pushed from one end of the tobacco shred to the other end of the tobacco shred, sequentially corresponding pixel points in sequence in long edges on two sides of the skeleton image are connected, middle pixel points of the connecting line are identified and positioned, the middle pixel points are combined into a dotted line, the line is a tobacco shred shape characteristic line, the width is 1 pixel point, the length is n which is more than or equal to 5 pixel points, the characteristic line of n which is less than or equal to 4 pixel points is considered as the broken tobacco shred, the broken tobacco shred is not detected, and the length of the line is the length L of a single tobacco shred;
6) the number average length L of the tobacco shred samples before roller drying is obtained according to the following formula0c: number average length L of cut tobacco after roller dryingodAnd the processing resistance S of the cut tobacco in the drying process of the rollerRoller：
Example 1:
sampling 200g of tobacco shred samples of the same batch, dividing the sampled tobacco shreds into 10 groups by a quartering method after the moisture of the tobacco shreds is balanced, wherein each group is 10 g; after the tobacco shreds of the batch of samples are conveyed by air, all the tobacco shreds are collected at the outlet of an air conveying pipe, 200g of tobacco shreds are sampled from the tobacco shreds, and the sampled tobacco shreds are divided into 10 groups of 10g of tobacco shreds each group by a quartering method after the moisture of the tobacco shreds is balanced. By using the characterization method for the processing resistance of the cut tobacco, the cut tobacco with the width less than 0.6mm and the length range more than the number average length +/-3 Be is rejectedCounting the number average length L before pneumatic conveying of tobacco shreds of each batch of samples0aNumber-average length L after air blowing0bThe cut tobacco processing resistance is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 characterization result of the cut tobacco pneumatic conveying process workability resistance
Similarly, 200g of cut tobacco of the batch is sampled from the cut tobacco, and the sampled cut tobacco is divided into 10 groups by a quartering method after the moisture of the cut tobacco is balanced, wherein each group contains 10g of cut tobacco; after the tobacco shreds of the batch of samples are conveyed by air, all the tobacco shreds are collected at the outlet of an air conveying pipe, 200g of tobacco shreds are sampled from the tobacco shreds, and the sampled tobacco shreds are divided into 10 groups of 10g of tobacco shreds each group by a quartering method after the moisture of the tobacco shreds is balanced. The crushing degree of the cut tobacco was measured by a cut tobacco sieving method, and the obtained results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 tobacco shred pneumatic conveying process crushing degree screening method characterization result
The processing resistance of the tobacco shreds in the air conveying process is reduced along with the increase of the length of the tobacco shreds of the sample, which is consistent with the conclusion obtained by a screening method.
Example 2:
sampling 200g of tobacco shred samples of the same batch, dividing the sampled tobacco shreds into 10 groups by a quartering method after the moisture of the tobacco shreds is balanced, wherein each group is 15 g; after the batch of sample tobacco shreds are dried by a roller, all tobacco shred samples are collected at a discharge port of the roller, the samples are 200g, and after the moisture of the tobacco shreds is balanced, the sampled tobacco shreds are divided into 10 groups by a quartering method, wherein each group is 15 g. Using the characterization method for the cut tobacco processing resistance, the cut tobacco with the cut tobacco width smaller than 0.6mm and the length range larger than the number average length +/-3 Be is removed, and the average length L of each batch of sample cut tobacco before roller drying is counted0cNumber average length L after roller drying0dThe cut tobacco processing resistance is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 characterization results of the workability resistance of the tobacco shred pneumatic conveying process
Similarly, 200g of cut tobacco of the batch is sampled from the cut tobacco, and the sampled cut tobacco is divided into 10 groups by a quartering method after the moisture of the cut tobacco is balanced, wherein each group is 15 g; after the batch of sample tobacco shreds are dried by a roller, all tobacco shred samples are collected at a discharge port of the roller, 200g of the tobacco shred samples are sampled from the tobacco shred samples, and after the moisture of the tobacco shreds is balanced, the sampled tobacco shreds are divided into 10 groups by a quartering method, wherein each group is 15 g. The crushing degree of the cut tobacco was measured by a cut tobacco sieving method, and the obtained results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 tobacco shred roller drying procedure crushing degree screening method characterization result
The processing resistance of the cut tobacco after the roller drying procedure is reduced along with the increase of the length of the cut tobacco of the sample, which is consistent with the conclusion obtained by the screening method.
In conclusion, the method establishes a characterization method of the cut tobacco processing resistance based on an image method, the closer the cut tobacco processing resistance S is to 1, the smaller the crushing degree of the cut tobacco after processing is, the stronger the cut tobacco processing resistance is; similarly, the smaller the S is, the lower the processing resistance of the tobacco shreds is. Combining example 1 with example 2, the cut tobacco processing resistance is reduced along with the increase of the characteristic size of the cut tobacco, and the air conveying process of the cut tobacco is larger than the broken tobacco generated by roller processing. The method has important significance for improving the detection efficiency of the processing resistance in the tobacco processing process, guiding the index improvement of the tobacco processing process technology and strengthening the comprehensive control of the cigarette quality.
Claims (1)
1. A cut tobacco processing resistance detection characterization method based on an image method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the detection and characterization method can be used for detecting the processing resistance of the cut tobacco in the two procedures of air conveying and roller drying of the cut tobacco respectively, and the processing resistance of the cut tobacco is characterized by the change of the number average length of the cut tobacco before and after the air conveying and roller drying procedures, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) a tobacco shred pneumatic conveying process:
(1.1) taking 100-800 g of tobacco shreds at the inlet of an air conveying device, and balancing the tobacco shreds under a constant temperature and humidity environment until the moisture content is 11-13%;
(1.2) repeatedly using 8-20 g of tobacco shred samples with balanced water by a quartering method;
(1.3) discretely paving the tobacco shred samples on a sample clamping panel of the detection system to ensure that the panel is fully paved and the tobacco shreds are not overlapped;
(1.4) placing the sample clamping panel into an imaging field of a detection system for detection, and automatically acquiring an image by the imaging system, wherein the imaging system is a CCD camera;
(1.5) the image processing system in the computer uses an image segmentation algorithm to process the acquired image, and extracts the imaged tobacco shred skeleton:
(1.6) pushing the tobacco shreds from one end to the other end by taking pixel points as units, sequentially connecting pixel points corresponding to the sequence in the long edges at two sides of the skeleton image, identifying and positioning middle pixel points of the connecting line, combining the middle pixel points into a tobacco shred shape characteristic line, wherein the width of the middle pixel points is 1 pixel point, the length of the middle pixel points is n or more than 5 pixel points, the characteristic line with n or less than 4 pixel points is considered as the broken tobacco shreds, and the length of the line is the length L of the tobacco shreds without detection;
(1.7) calculating the number average length L of tobacco shred samples before air blowing according to the following formula0a：
In the above formula, N is the total number of tobacco shreds of the detected sample, LiThe length of the ith tobacco shred;
(1.8) taking 100-800 g of tobacco shreds at the outlet of an air conveying device, and balancing the tobacco shreds in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment until the moisture content is 11-13%;
(1.9) repeating the steps (1.2) to (1.7) to obtain the number average length of the tobacco shred samples after roller processing:
in the above formula, M is the total number of tobacco shreds of the detected sample, LjThe length of the jth cut tobacco;
(1.10) calculating the cut tobacco processing resistance by adopting the following formula:
wherein: sWind powerThe processing resistance of the tobacco shreds in the air conveying process is zero; l is0a、L0bThe number average length of the tobacco shreds in unit mm before and after the tobacco shreds are conveyed by wind;
(2) a roller drying procedure:
(2.1) before roller drying, taking 50-1000 g of tobacco shreds, and balancing the tobacco shreds in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment until the moisture content is 11-13%;
(2.2) repeating the steps (1.2) - (1.7) in the step (1), wherein the sampling quantity of the cut tobacco is changed to 5-30 g after balancing, and the number average length of the cut tobacco before roller drying is obtained:
in the above formula, P is the total number of tobacco shreds in the sample, LkThe length of the kth cut tobacco;
(2.3) after drying in a roller, taking 50-1000 g of tobacco shreds, and balancing the tobacco shreds in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment until the water content is 11-13%; (ii) a
(2.4) repeating the steps (1.2) - (1.7) in the step (1), wherein the sampling quantity of the cut tobacco is changed to 5-30 g after balancing, and the length of the cut tobacco after roller drying is obtained:
in the above formula, R is the total number of tobacco shreds of the detection sample, LtThe length of the tth cut tobacco is shown;
(2.5) calculating the processing resistance of the cut tobacco in the roller drying process by using the following formula:
wherein: sRollerThe processing resistance of the cut tobacco processed by a roller is unitless; l is0c、L0dThe average length of the tobacco shreds in unit mm before and after the tobacco shreds are dried by a roller.
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