CN109945624B - Chinese-medicinal material drying device - Google Patents
Chinese-medicinal material drying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109945624B CN109945624B CN201910206659.5A CN201910206659A CN109945624B CN 109945624 B CN109945624 B CN 109945624B CN 201910206659 A CN201910206659 A CN 201910206659A CN 109945624 B CN109945624 B CN 109945624B
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine drying device which comprises a cube box body, a plurality of layers of conveying belts arranged in the cube box body, a protection device arranged below each layer of conveying belts, a rake arranged right above each layer of conveying belts, a feed inlet arranged at the top of one end of the cube box body, a discharge outlet arranged at the other end of the cube box body, a moisture discharging opening arranged at the position 1/2 of the same end of the cube box body as the feed inlet, a plurality of fan groups arranged on the cube box body and on the vertical side surface adjacent to the discharge outlet, an air supply outlet arranged between two adjacent fan groups, a gearbox with an air return opening arranged behind the cube box body arranged on the side wall of the cube box body, and a conveying device arranged at the left of the drying device. The drying device is used for drying traditional Chinese medicinal materials, such as: radix codonopsis pilosulae, radix asparagi, fructus cannabis and the like, improves the drying efficiency and is not influenced by the internal humidity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of drying equipment, in particular to a high-efficiency heat pump type drying device.
Background
The drying of Chinese herbal medicine is the first link in the Chinese herbal medicine processing process, the drying of Chinese herbal medicine is mainly natural drying, the occupied area is large, the drying period is long, the production efficiency is low, uneven quality and layering of the dried medicinal materials are easily caused in the drying process, the quality of the medicinal materials is reduced, labor and time are wasted, the labor intensity of manpower is increased, the appearance of the Chinese herbal medicine is easily cracked, the efficacy is easily lost, the internal structure of the medicinal materials is easily damaged in the drying process, and the original quality of the medicinal materials is reduced.
The traditional Chinese medicine drying box in the prior art has the following defects: because the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are generally stacked and stacked on the supporting plate of the dried garden, the air permeability is poor, the drying hot air is difficult to penetrate the materials of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the drying efficiency is low, the drying time is long, and the drying effect is uneven; and the long-time drying can lead to the temperature rise of the supporting plate, which affects the drug property of the traditional Chinese medicine materials. The invention patent application with publication number 107655277A is a Chinese medicinal material stigma croci drying oven, and the electric heating rod on the drying table is used for rapidly drying medicinal materials, so that the drying efficiency is improved, the dried medicinal materials are good in quality, but the influence of the initial quality of the medicinal materials on the drying effect is ignored, the internal structure of the medicinal materials is easily damaged, and the quality is reduced to influence the medicinal properties.
The invention patent application with publication number 107726791A discloses a traditional Chinese medicine low-temperature drying device, two-stage drying is carried out through two parts of a drying chamber and a hot air circulation unit, waste heat after drying is recycled, and an upper-feeding and lower-returning air supply mode is adopted, so that the drying efficiency is higher, the humidity of the dried traditional Chinese medicine is uniform, and the drying device has the advantages of simple structure, controllable drying temperature, practicability and the like. But this air supply mode causes the air temperature difference in the vertical direction, causes chinese-medicinal material drying inhomogeneous, has reduced the drying quality, and drying effect is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problems: the invention provides the traditional Chinese medicine drying device which can effectively improve the drying efficiency and the drying quality of the traditional Chinese medicine, improve the energy utilization rate, reduce the energy consumption and is environment-friendly.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine drying device, which comprises a cube box body, a plurality of layers of conveying belts arranged in the cube box body, a protection device arranged below each layer of conveying belts, a rake arranged right above each layer of conveying belts, a feed inlet arranged at the top of one end of the cube box body, a discharge outlet arranged at the other end of the cube box body, a moisture discharging outlet arranged at the position 1/2 of the same end of the cube box body as the feed inlet, a plurality of fan groups arranged on the cube box body and on the vertical side surface adjacent to the discharge outlet, an air supply outlet arranged between two adjacent fan groups, and an air return opening arranged on the side wall of the cube box body.
Further, in the device of the present invention, three or more than three conveyor belts with odd layers are installed inside the cubic box, and when the number of the conveyor belts is n=3, the functional relationship between the width M and the height H of the cubic box is: h=m; when the number of layers N of the conveyor belt is more than 3, the functional relation between the width M and the height H of the cubic box body is as follows: h=0.24×n×m, the function of the length L 3 of the lowermost conveyor belt and the length L 1 of the cubic box is: l 3＝0.98*L1, the remaining conveyor length L 2 as a function of the length L 1 of the cube box: l 2＝0.95*L1, protector is concave tray, does not have the baffle at the direction of transfer both ends, and protector is 0.01 + -0.005 m apart from the conveyer belt downside, and protector width a 1 is with conveyer belt width a 2's functional relation: a 1＝1.125*a2 -0.025, guard height b 1 as a function of belt thickness b 2: b 1＝1.28*b2.
Further, in the device of the invention, the moisture discharging openings are uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction, and each moisture discharging opening is provided with a third air valve.
Further, in the device of the present invention, the side length c of the square-shaped moisture draining port has a function relationship with the width M of the cubic box body of c=0.06×m, the number n 2＝[0.0148*M*H/c2 +0.5 of the moisture draining ports, the spacing d 6＝(H-1.05-n2*c)/(n2 -1 of the moisture draining ports, and the distance d 7 =0.82×h from the lower boundary of the moisture draining ports to the bottom of the cubic box body.
Further, in the device of the present invention, the moisture draining port is circular, and the function relationship between the diameter d v and the width M of the cubic box body is d v =0.0849×m, the number n 2＝[0.0148*M*H/dv 2 +0.5 of the moisture draining ports, the distance d 6＝(H-1.05-n2*dv)/(n2 -1 between the moisture draining ports and the bottom of the cubic box body is d 7 =0.82×h.
Further, in the device of the invention, the air supply port is provided with the first air valve, the air return port is provided with the second air valve, the included angle between the first air valve and the second air valve and the horizontal direction is kept between 0 and 15 degrees, the air supply speed and the air return speed are controlled to be fixed below 0.5m/s, the air return port is provided with the filter screen, the sizes of the air supply port and the air return port are equal, the functional relation between the width a 4 of the air supply port and the air return port and the length L 1 of the cube box body is a 4＝0.0265*L1 +0.01, the functional relation between the height b 4 of the air supply port and the air return port and the height H of the cube box body is b 4 =0.308×H, the number of the air supply port and the air return port is equal, and the number of the air supply port is n 1＝0.04*H*L1/(a4*b4.
Further, in the device of the invention, the air supply opening and the air return opening are arranged on the same side wall of the cube box body, the air supply opening is arranged between two adjacent air return openings, the interval between the air supply opening and the two adjacent air return openings is d 1＝(L1-2n1*a4-2)/(2n1 -1, and the distance between the air supply opening and the lower boundary of the air return opening is d 2 =0.07 x h+0.05 from the bottom of the cube box body.
Further, in the device of the present invention, the air supply port and the air return port are disposed in the same side wall of the cubic box in a vertically corresponding manner, the vertical interval d 3 = 0.1 x h between the air supply port and the air return port, the interval d 4＝(L1-n1*a4)/(n1 +1 between each group of air supply ports and the air supply port adjacent to the horizontal side, and the lower boundary of the lowest layer of air supply port is separated from the bottom d 5 = 0.1 x h +0.03 of the cubic box (1).
Further, in the device of the present invention, the air supply port is disposed on one side wall of the cube box, the air return port is disposed on the opposite side wall of the cube box, the air supply port corresponds to the air return port one by one, the air supply port is disposed at a position lower than the air return port, the lower boundary of the air supply port is d 5 =0.1×h+0.03 from the bottom of the cube box, the lower boundary of the air return port is d 8 =0.508×h+0.03 from the bottom of the cube box, and the distance between two adjacent air supply ports is the same as the distance between two adjacent air return ports, and is d 4＝(L1-n1*a4)/(n1 +1.
Further, in the device of the present invention, the air supply opening is disposed on one side wall of the cube box, the air return openings are disposed on opposite side walls of the cube box, the air supply openings are in one-to-one correspondence with the air return openings, the air return openings are disposed at positions lower than the positions of the air supply openings, the lower boundary of the air return openings is d 5 = 0.1 x h+0.03 from the bottom of the cube box, the lower boundary of the air supply openings is d 8 = 0.508 x h+0.03 from the bottom of the cube box, and the distances between two adjacent air supply openings are the same as the distances between two adjacent air return openings, and are d 4＝(L1-n1*a4)/(n1 +1.
Further, in the device of the invention, the air return opening is provided with the filter screen, and when the air returns, the air in the drying device is filtered.
Furthermore, in the device, the moisture discharge ports are distributed at equal intervals in the horizontal direction, and a third air valve is arranged at each moisture discharge port (4).
Further, in the device of the invention, the moisture discharging ports are connected with the fan and are arranged at the 1/2 upper position of the opposite end face of the feed port, the moisture discharging ports are distributed at equal intervals in the horizontal direction, the humidity expected value in the drying device is 14%, when the humidity is higher than the expected value, the moisture discharging is started, and each moisture discharging port is provided with a third air valve which can be completely and continuously adjusted from 0% to 100%, and the humidity gradient of the evaporating surface of the medicinal material is increased by reducing the relative humidity in the cubic box body, so that the evaporation of water is accelerated.
Further, in the device of the present invention, the side length c of the square-shaped moisture draining port has a function relationship with the width M of the cubic box body of c=0.06×m, the number n 2＝[0.0148*M*H/c2 +0.5 of the moisture draining ports, the spacing d 6＝(H-1.05-n2*c)/(n2 -1 of the moisture draining ports, and the distance d 7 =0.82×h from the lower boundary of the moisture draining ports to the bottom of the cubic box body.
Further, in the device of the present invention, the moisture draining port is circular, and the function relationship between the diameter d v and the width M of the cubic box body is d v =0.0849×m, the number n 2＝[0.0148*M*H/dv 2 +0.5 of the moisture draining ports, the distance d 6＝(H-1.05-n2*dv)/(n2 -1 between the moisture draining ports and the bottom of the cubic box body is d 7 =0.82×h.
Further, in the device of the invention, the rake is arranged right above each layer of conveyor belt, wherein k rake is arranged right above the lowest layer of conveyor belt, j is greater than k, the rake interval distance d 8 = (0.11-0.12) is equal to L, and the distance d 9 = (0.05-0.06) is equal to L from the medicine material inlet end of the conveyor belt, so that the medicine material is distributed more uniformly, the medicine material is dried fully, the medicine material is prevented from being dried unevenly, and the quality is prevented from being reduced.
Furthermore, in the device of the invention, the fan group is positioned at one side of the air supply outlet, every four fans are in a group, and each group of fans is distributed in a shape of a Chinese character 'Tian', so that forced convection is carried out on air flow in the device.
Furthermore, in the most preferred embodiment 1 of the device of the present invention, the air supply mode is that the air is supplied from the same side and returned from the side, the air supply opening and the air return opening are uniformly distributed on the same horizontal line of the side of the cubic box body provided with the fan group, and the air is supplied with constant air quantity. The distance d 1＝(L1-2n1*a4-2)/(2n1 -1 between the air supply port and the air return port is d 2 =0.07×h+0.05 from the lower boundary of the air port to the bottom of the cube box.
Further, in the preferred embodiment 2 of the device of the present invention, the air supply mode is that the air supply is performed by upper and lower air supply ports on the same side, the air supply ports are distributed vertically on the same side, the air supply ports are located above, the air return ports are located below, the air supply ports are uniformly distributed on one side of the cube box body where the fan group is installed, the air supply is performed with constant air volume, the upper and lower intervals d 3 = 0.1 x h between the air supply ports and the air return ports, the intervals d 4＝(L1-n1*a4)/(n1 +1 between each group of air supply ports and the air return ports), and the lower boundary of the air return ports is distant from the bottom d 5 = 0.1 x h +0.03 of the cube box body.
Further, in the preferred embodiment 3 of the present invention, the air supply mode is that the air is blown back from top to bottom on the opposite side, the air supply ports and the air return ports are distributed from top to bottom on the opposite side, the air supply ports are located above, the air return ports are located below, the air supply ports and the air return ports of each group are spaced by d 4＝(L1-n1*a4)/(n1 +1), the lower part of the air return ports are spaced from the bottom of the cube box by d 5 =0.1xh+0.03, and the lower boundary of the air supply ports is spaced from the bottom of the cube box by d 6 =0.2xh+0.03.
Further, in embodiment 4 of the present invention, the air supply mode is that the air supply is performed in a downward and upward mode, the air supply and return openings are distributed in a vertical and upward mode, the air supply openings are located in a lower direction, the air return openings are located in an upper direction, each group of air supply openings and air return openings are spaced by d 4＝(L1-n1*a4)/(n1 +1), the lower boundary of the air supply opening is spaced from the bottom of the cube box by d 5 =0.1xh+0.03, and the lower boundary of the air return opening is spaced from the bottom of the cube box by d 6 =0.2xh+0.03.
In all the calculation formulas and functional relations of the invention, the unit of the brought numerical value is meter.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the existing traditional Chinese medicine drying device, the invention has the following advantages:
The invention provides a relative relation between the size of a cubic box body and the number of layers and the length of a conveying belt, and limits the number of layers of the conveying belt, in the conventional heat pump drying device, the volume and the number of layers of the conveying belt are fixed, if the number of layers of the conveying belt is too large or too small, the volume of the cubic box body is not limited, the waste of occupied area and the dissipation of hot air in the upper space of the drying device are brought about, the volume of the cubic box body is changed by changing the number of layers of the conveying belt, the occupied area can be saved, the natural convection in the cubic box body, the combined action of heat pumping, return air quasi-laminar flow (turbulent flow) and the heat radiation of the lower air supply air are fully utilized, the temperature in the drying device is controlled within an effective range, and the difference between the temperature of a heat pump of a feeding hole and a discharging hole and the environment temperature is within 10 ℃, and the internal structure of medicinal materials can be prevented from being damaged.
Compared with the existing drying device without a protecting device or with a fixed size, the invention provides the relative relation between the protecting device and the conveyor belt, and the effect of preventing medicinal materials from falling off can not be achieved because the protecting device is prevented from being too wide or too narrow.
In the existing heat pump drying device, the areas of the air supply opening and the air return opening are fixed values, and the speed of the air return opening is higher than that of the air supply opening, so that when the air quantity is the same, the area of the air return opening is higher than that of the air supply opening, and the air supply opening is fixed, so that the air velocity can not meet the requirements of the air velocity required by the drying devices with different sizes, the medicinal materials can be blown away due to the excessive air velocity, the uneven air flow structure in the drying devices can be caused due to the excessive air velocity, and the air supply velocity and the air return velocity can be more suitable by determining the sizes of the air supply opening and the air return opening by the size of the drying devices, so that the condition of excessive or excessively small air velocity can be avoided.
The humidity discharging port is arranged at the 1/2 upper position of the opposite end face of the feeding port, is uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction, the expected value of the internal humidity of the drying device is 14%, and when the humidity is greater than the expected value, the humidity discharging is started, and the humidity discharging port is provided with an air valve, so that the humidity discharging port can be completely and continuously adjusted from 0% to 100%. In the existing drying device, the moisture discharging port is positioned at the middle position of the side surface adjacent to the feeding port or the middle position opposite to the feeding port, when the moisture content in the wet air is constant, the temperature of the wet air is increased, the relative humidity value is increased, meanwhile, the moisture evaporation rate is increased due to the temperature increase, the relative humidity is increased due to the increase of the moisture content in the air, hot air and water vapor diffuse upwards and the water vapor in the air diffuse to a low-temperature part along with hot air, the temperature close to the discharging port is higher than the temperature of an outdoor air dry bulb through experimental measurement, the opposite temperature of the discharging port is close to the temperature of the outdoor air dry bulb, so the water vapor gathers towards the opposite end face of the discharging port, the relative humidity value of the position is increased, the moisture discharging port is arranged at the end face, the moisture discharging time can be reduced, the moisture discharging efficiency is increased, the drying efficiency is indirectly increased, and the moisture discharging port of the existing drying device can not reach the optimal effect of moisture discharging.
In the existing drying device, the fans are positioned at the top of the cube box body, so that forced convection cannot be performed on the air flow structures of the air supply port and the air return port in time, the hot air flow in the upper space is disturbed, the drying effect is reduced, the forced convection is performed on the air flow structures in the drying device by making the fan groups at the same side as the air supply port and the air return port, the coking of medicinal materials is avoided, the quality is reduced, and the drying is uneven.
The invention discloses 4 different air supply and return modes, namely the same side air supply and return mode, the same side upper air supply and lower air supply and return mode, the different side upper air supply and lower air supply and upper air supply mode and different side lower air supply and return mode, and different types of air supply modes can be selected according to specific implementation conditions.
Compared with the existing drying device with the filter screen only arranged in front of the condenser and the evaporator, the invention solves the problem that small-diameter particles in the drying device cannot be filtered out to cause medicinal material pollution. According to the invention, the transmission speed of the crawler belt is controlled by adopting the gearbox, when the humidity of the medicinal materials to be dried is higher and the stacking thickness is larger, the running speed of the crawler belt can be reduced, so that the drying time is prolonged, and the drying effect is improved; when the humidity of the medicinal materials to be dried is low and the stacking thickness is moderate, the crawler belt running speed can be increased, and the drying efficiency is improved.
The bamboo rake is arranged on each layer of crawler belt device, so that medicinal materials are uniformly dispersed, and the thickness is kept uniform. The water is dispersed faster and dried more fully by raking once at intervals, so that the situation of excessive drying or incomplete drying is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the external structure of a drying device for Chinese medicinal materials
FIG. 2 is a front view showing the internal structure of the drying apparatus for Chinese medicinal materials
Fig. 3 is a side view showing the internal structure of the drying device for Chinese medicinal materials
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of fan units of the drying device for Chinese medicinal materials
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the same side up-feed and down-feed wind returning mode
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a different side up-feed and down-feed wind returning mode
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a different side down-feed and up-return air-feed mode
The meaning of the symbols in the drawings is as follows: 1-cube box, 2-feed inlet, 3-discharge outlet, 4-moisture discharging outlet, 5-observation outlet, 6-air supply outlet, 7-air return outlet, 8-conveyer, 9-gearbox, 10 a-first air valve, 10 b-second air valve, 10 c-third air valve, 11-conveyer belt, 12-fan group, 13-rake, 14-protector.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is more specifically described below by combining examples:
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a drying device for Chinese medicinal materials comprises a cube box body 1, five layers of conveyor belts 11 arranged in the cube box body 1, a protection device 14 arranged below the whole conveyor belts 11 of each layer, a rake 13 arranged right above the conveyor belts 11 of each layer and not equidistant, a vertical side fan group 12 arranged adjacent to a discharge hole 3, an air supply opening and an air return opening arranged on the same side as the fan group, 3 observation openings 5 arranged opposite to the fan group 12, a feed inlet 2 arranged at one end of the top of the cube box body 1, a lower discharge hole 3 arranged at the other end of the cube box body 1, 4 moisture discharging openings 4 arranged at the position 1/2 above the same end of the feed inlet 2, a conveyor 12 arranged outside the cube box body 1, and a gearbox 13 arranged behind the cube box body 1.
The effect of the invention is verified through a test, a TESTO type thermal anemometer is selected to collect wind speed data in the verification test, a CHINO VT type thermocouple temperature sensor is selected to collect temperature data, a VAISALA HMT type temperature and humidity sensor is selected to collect humidity data, the air flow rate in a heat and mass exchange area is measured through the anemometer in the test process, and the hot air temperature is measured through the thermocouple. When the thermal anemometer is adopted to collect test data in real time, the average value of 30s is recorded as single wind speed measurement data of a single measuring point, each measuring point is recorded 5 times, and the average value is taken as the wind speed value and the temperature value of the measuring point after the extreme value is removed. In the test process of the invention, the measuring point distribution is carried out on the drying device model, the distance between adjacent measuring points is 0.5m in the height direction of the internal heat and mass exchange area, the measuring point distribution is carried out at the positions of Z=0 mm, Z=0.5 mm, Z=1.0 mm, Z=1.5 mm, Z=2.0 mm and Z=2.5 m, the distance between adjacent measuring points is 2m in the length direction of the internal heat and mass exchange area, the measurement point distribution was performed at x=0m, x=2m, x=4m, x=6m, x=8, x=10m, x=12m, x=14m, x=16m, x=18, x=20m, x=22m, x=24m, x=26m, and the measurement point distribution was performed at y=0mm, y=0.5 mm, y=1.0 mm, y=1.5 mm, y=2.0 mm, and y=2.5 m, respectively, with a total of 504 measurement points being arranged in the test in the width direction of the internal heat and mass exchange region. The height direction Z=1.5m, Z=2.0m and Z=2.5m of the humidity measuring points are adopted, the total number of the humidity measuring points is 252, data are recorded every 20min, the instantaneous temperature and the instantaneous humidity of 4 measuring points are recorded once, and the change time of each measuring instrument is 10s. The experiment shows the heat loss and the dehumidifying efficiency respectively by the arithmetic average difference of the temperature of each layer of measuring point and the inverse of the total time length required by the dehumidifying of the fan, and the evaluation index of the experiment is as follows: non-uniformity coefficientWhere v i denotes the speed of a single measurement point i in each layer,/>The average speed of each layer of measuring points is indicated, and the larger the value is, the more uneven the airflow organization distribution is; pressure drop coefficient/>Where p i denotes the static pressure of a single site i in each layer,/>The average static pressure of air supply at each layer of measuring point is larger, so that the higher the air supply efficiency of the air supply duct under the structure is.
In the heat pump drying device with the number of layers of the conveying belt being less than three, if the drying requirement of the invention is to be met, the occupied area is at least 2 times that of the invention, the number of the heat pump devices is at least 2 times that of the heat pump devices adopted by the invention, and the natural convection inside the cubic box cannot be fully utilized due to the excessive number of the heat pump devices and the overlarge occupied area, so that the air flow inside the drying device is unevenly distributed, the unevenly distributed coefficient is 5 times that of the invention, the pressure drop coefficient is 1/12 of the invention, the heat loss rate is 3 times that of the invention, and then the inside of the drying device is locally overheated, the internal structure of medicinal materials is damaged, and the medicinal property is lowered.
In the existing drying device, the area of the air return opening is larger than that of the air supply opening, so that when the air quantity is the same, the speed of the air return opening is larger than that of the air supply opening, and the air supply opening and the air return speed are different, so that air flow disturbance occurs in the drying device, the air flow organization distribution is unreasonable, the non-uniformity coefficient is 3 times that of the invention, the pressure drop coefficient is 1/8 that of the invention, the heat loss rate is 3 times that of the invention, and the phenomenon that medicinal materials are sucked away can be caused because the air return speed is larger than 2 m/s.
In the existing drying device, the moisture discharging port is positioned at the middle position of the side surface adjacent to the feeding port or the middle position opposite to the feeding port, and as the two surfaces are not the positions with the minimum dryness in the drying device, the humidity of the position of the uppermost layer conveyor belt and the positions of the rest conveyor belts far away from the discharging port is larger than the moisture discharging expected value, and the humidity of medicinal materials in the part is increased compared with that of medicinal materials in other parts.
In the existing drying device, a filter screen is only arranged in front of a condenser and an evaporator, and the filter screen is not arranged at the air return opening, so that small-diameter particles existing in the drying device cannot be filtered, the sent air flow is polluted, and further medicinal materials are polluted.
The existing heat pump drying device is not provided with a fan inside, and internal air convection is forced by only the pressure difference brought by an air supply port and an air return port, so that the convection effect is poor, the air flow inside the device is not uniform, the non-uniformity coefficient is 4 times that of the invention, the pressure drop coefficient is 1/9 that of the invention, and the medicinal materials are easy to coke and the quality is reduced.
The air inlet inside the existing drying device is not provided with an air valve, so that the air supply and return speed and temperature cannot be adjusted under the same air quantity condition, the air supply temperature is constant, the air supply temperature cannot be adjusted within a certain range according to the proper temperature required by the quality of medicinal materials, and the invention can improve the original drying efficiency by 25% when the medicinal materials with the same humidity are dried.
In a most preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention, the return air mode is the same side return air mode. The flow velocity is larger at the middle position of the upper part of the drying device, and the flow velocity is smaller at the two ends of the upper part of the drying device; the air supply opening of the drying device has a higher air speed, and the air speed is smaller at the position opposite to the air supply opening. The air flow rate at the lower part of the air supply port is attenuated along with the reduction of the height of the drying device, and the air flow tissue distribution of the air return port on the horizontal plane is relatively uniform. In the whole, the air flow velocity in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is relatively uniform in the form of the same-side-feeding side returning air. Compared with the existing side-feeding side-returning air mode, the arrangement method can ensure that the air supply jet flow is fully mixed with the air in the cubic box body before reaching the drying area, the speed field and the temperature field tend to be uniform and stable, the non-uniformity coefficient is 1/8 of that of the existing side-feeding side-returning air mode, the pressure drop coefficient is 11 times that of the existing side-feeding side-returning air mode, and the heat loss rate is 1/3 of that of the existing side-feeding side-returning air mode, so that the uniformity of the air flow and the temperature of the working area can be ensured.
When the outdoor temperature is in a high-temperature and high-humidity state, namely the temperature of the air dry bulb is more than 33 ℃ and less than 45 ℃, the temperature of the air wet bulb is more than 27 ℃ and less than 29 ℃, the included angle between the first air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 0 degree, and the included angle between the second air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 0 degree to 7 degrees. When the outdoor temperature is in a low-temperature medium-humidity state, namely the temperature of the air dry bulb is more than 18 ℃ and less than 23 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70% -80%, the included angle between the first air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 0 degrees, and the included angle between the second air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 30% -45 degrees.
In a preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention, the air supply mode is the same side up-feed and down-feed. The upper and lower intervals of the air return openings are 0.24m, the lower parts of the air return openings are 0.24m away from the bottom of the cube box body, and the intervals of each group of air return openings are 3.76m. The air flow speed is higher at the horizontal plane where the air supply port is located, the speed is slightly attenuated at the horizontal plane, the air flow speed is reduced at the lower part of the horizontal plane where the air supply port is located, and the air flow speed in the horizontal direction is uniform. In the whole, the form of upward and downward returning wind on the same side is distributed uniformly in the horizontal direction and uniform in the vertical direction. Compared with the existing upward and downward air returning mode, the arrangement method can form a parallel flow type, has less vortex and uniform section speed field, can effectively improve the condition of larger air flow velocity difference in the vertical direction, has a non-uniform coefficient of 1/5 of that of the existing upward and downward air returning mode, has a pressure drop coefficient which is 8 times that of the existing upward and downward air returning mode, and has a heat loss rate of 1/3 of that of the existing upward and downward air returning mode.
When the outdoor temperature is in a high-temperature and high-humidity state, namely the temperature of the air dry bulb is more than 33 ℃ and less than 45 ℃, the temperature of the air wet bulb is more than 27 ℃ and less than 29 ℃, the included angle between the first air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 0 DEG, and the included angle between the second air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 5-10 deg. When the outdoor temperature is in a low-temperature medium-humidity state, namely the temperature of the air dry bulb is more than 18 ℃ and less than 23 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70% -80%, the included angle between the first air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 0 degrees, and the included angle between the second air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 30% -45 degrees.
In a preferred embodiment 3 of the present invention, the air blowing mode is the off-side up-down-back. Every group send back the wind gap 3.76m, and supply-air inlet downside is apart from cube box bottom 1.21m, evenly distributed is equipped with fan group one side at cube box, and the return air inlet downside is apart from cube box bottom 0.24m, evenly distributed is equipped with viewing aperture one side at cube box. The speed at the top and the bottom of the drying device is smaller in a decreasing trend, the air flow rate at the position opposite to the return air inlet is lower, and the speed uniformity of the section at the same position in the vertical direction is relatively better; on the horizontal plane, the air flow rate is seriously attenuated along the direction away from the air supply port, and the uniformity of the air flow rate is general. Compared with the existing different-side up-and-down return mode, the method can effectively solve the problem that the air velocity of the cross section at the same position in the vertical direction is uneven, the air velocity at the positions close to the air supply opening and the air return opening is overlarge, the uneven coefficient is 1/4 of that of the existing different-side up-and-down return air mode, the pressure drop coefficient is 8 times that of the existing different-side up-and-down return air mode, and the heat loss rate is 1/2 of that of the existing different-side up-and-down return air mode.
When the outdoor temperature is in a high-temperature and high-humidity state, namely the temperature of the air dry bulb is more than 33 ℃ and less than 45 ℃, the temperature of the air wet bulb is more than 27 ℃ and less than 29 ℃, the included angle between the first air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 0 degree, and the included angle between the second air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 0 degree to 7 degrees. When the outdoor temperature is in a low-temperature medium-humidity state, namely the temperature of the air dry bulb is more than 18 ℃ and less than 23 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70% -80%, the included angle between the first air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 0 degrees, and the included angle between the second air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 30% -45 degrees.
In embodiment 4 of the present invention, the air supply mode is the off-side down-feed and up-return. The air overall wind speed is higher in the vertical direction in the middle of the drying device, the air flow speed in the non-main flow area is lower, and under the air supply condition, the air flow speed on the same vertical section is more uneven. The air return interval of each group is 3.76m, the lower side of the air supply opening is 0.24m away from the bottom of the cube box body, the air return opening is uniformly distributed on one side of the cube box body where the fan group is arranged, the lower side of the air return opening is 1.21m away from the bottom of the cube box body, compared with the existing different side lower-feeding upper-returning air supply mode, the arrangement method can effectively improve the condition that the air flow velocity difference in the vertical direction is large, the non-uniformity coefficient is 1/2 of the existing different side lower-feeding upper-returning air supply mode, the pressure drop coefficient is 3 times of the existing different side lower-feeding upper-returning air supply mode, and the heat loss rate is 1/2 of the existing different side lower-feeding upper-returning air supply mode.
When the outdoor temperature is in a high-temperature and high-humidity state, namely the temperature of the air dry bulb is more than 33 ℃ and less than 45 ℃, the temperature of the air wet bulb is more than 27 ℃ and less than 29 ℃, the included angle between the first air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 0-5 degrees, and the included angle between the second air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 0-9 degrees. When the outdoor temperature is in a low-temperature medium-humidity state, namely the temperature of the air dry ball is more than 18 ℃ and less than 23 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70% -80%, the included angle between the first air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 0-15 degrees, and the included angle between the second air valve and the horizontal direction is regulated to be 30-45 degrees.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a chinese-medicinal material drying device, its characterized in that, this drying device includes cube box (1), sets up multilayer conveyer belt (11) in cube box (1), set up protector (14) in every layer of conveyer belt (11) below, arrange in the feed inlet (2) of cube box (1) one end top directly over (13) of every layer of conveyer belt (11), set up discharge gate (3) of the other end on cube box (1), set up on cube box (1) with feed inlet (2) with wet discharging port (4) of 1/2 upper side department, wet discharging port (4) are equidistant distributed in the horizontal direction, every wet discharging port (4) department all is equipped with third blast gate (10 c), be provided with a plurality of fan groups (12) with adjacent vertical side of discharge gate (3) on cube box (1), be provided with supply-air mouth (6) between two adjacent fan groups (12), be provided with on the lateral wall of cube box (1) back to 7 on the side wall of same one end (2), be equipped with in order to carry three-layer function (3) in order to be three-layer height when cube box (1) is three-layer height (11) and three-layer height, and three-layer function (1) are equipped with in order to take the height (11). H=m; when the layer number N of the conveyor belt (11) is more than 3, the function relation of the width M and the height H of the cube box body (1) is as follows: h=0.24×n×m, and the function of the length L 3 of the lowermost conveyor belt (11) and the length L 1 of the cube container (1) is: l 3＝0.98*L1;
K bamboo rake (13) are arranged right above the lowest layer conveyor belt (11), and the function relation between the interval distance of the bamboo rake (13) and the length L 3 of the conveyor belt (11) is as follows: d 8＝(0.11～0.12)*L3, d 9＝(0.05～0.06)*L3 away from the medicine inlet end of the conveyor belt (11), wherein the function relationship between the length L 2 of the rest conveyor belt (11) and the length L 1 of the cube box body (1) is as follows: l 2＝0.95*L1, j bamboo rake (13) are arranged right above each layer of the rest conveyor belt (11), and j is greater than k, the interval distance between the bamboo rake (13) is (0.11-0.12) L 2, and the interval distance between the bamboo rake and the medicinal material inlet end of the conveyor belt (11) is (0.05-0.06) L 2;
the protection device (14) is a concave tray, partition plates are arranged at two ends of the conveying direction, the distance between the protection device (14) and the lower side surface of the conveying belt is 0.01+/-0.005 m, and the functional relation between the width a 1 of the protection device (14) and the width a 2 of the conveying belt (11) is as follows: a 1＝1.125*a2 -0.025, the height b 1 of the guard (14) as a function of the thickness b 2 of the conveyor belt (11) is: b 1＝1.28*b2, a first air valve (10 a) is arranged on the air supply opening (6), a second air valve (10 b) is arranged on the air return opening (7), the included angle between the first air valve (10 a) and the second air valve (10 b) and the horizontal direction is kept at 0-15 degrees, the air supply and return speeds are controlled to be fixed below 0.5m/s, a filter screen is arranged at the air return opening (7), the size of the air supply opening (6) is equal to that of the air return opening (7), the functional relation between the width a 4 of the air supply opening (6) and the air return opening (7) and the length L 1 of the cube box (1) is a 4＝0.0265*L1 +0.01, the functional relation between the height b 4 of the air supply opening (6) and the air return opening (7) and the height H of the cube box (1) is b 4 =0.308×H, the number of the air supply opening (6) and the air return opening (7) is equal, and the number n 1＝0.04*H*L1/(a4*b4 of the air supply openings (6);
The moisture discharging ports (4) are circular, the functional relation between the diameter d v and the width M of the cubic box body (1) is d v =0.0849×M, the number n 2＝[0.0148*M*H/dv 2 +0.5 of the moisture discharging ports (4) is equal to d 6＝(H-1.05-n2*dv)/(n2 -1, and the distance d 7 =0.82×H from the lower boundary of the moisture discharging ports (4) to the bottom of the cubic box body (1).
2. The drying device for Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the air supply opening (6) and the air return opening (7) are arranged on the same side wall of the cube box body (1), the air supply opening (6) is arranged between two adjacent air return openings (7), the intervals between the air supply opening (6) and the two adjacent air return openings (7) are d 1＝(L1-2n1*a4-2)/(2n1 -1), and the distance between the air supply opening (6) and the lower boundary of the air return opening (7) and the bottom of the cube box body (1) is d 2 = 0.07 x h+0.05.
3. The drying device for Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the air supply opening (6) and the air return opening (7) are correspondingly arranged up and down on the same side wall of the cubic box body (1), the up-down interval d 3 = 0.1 x h between the air supply opening (6) and the air return opening (7), the interval d 4＝(L1-n1*a4)/(n1 +1 between each group of air supply openings (6) and the air supply opening (6) adjacent to the horizontal side, and the lower boundary of the lowest layer of air supply opening is d 5 = 0.1 x h +0.03 away from the bottom of the cubic box body (1).
4. The traditional Chinese medicine drying device according to claim 1, wherein the air supply opening (6) is arranged on one side wall of the cube box body (1), the air return openings (7) are arranged on the opposite side wall of the cube box body (1), the air supply openings (6) are in one-to-one correspondence with the air return openings (7), the arrangement positions of the air supply openings (6) are lower than the positions of the air return openings (7), the lower boundary of the air supply openings (6) is far from the bottom d 5 =0.1xH+0.03 of the cube box body (1), the lower boundary of the air return openings (7) is far from the bottom of the cube box body by 0.508 xH+0.03, and the distance between two adjacent air supply openings (6) is the same as the distance between two adjacent air return openings (7), and is d 4＝(L1-n1*a4)/(n1 +1.
5. The drying device for Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the air supply opening (6) is arranged on one side wall of the cube box body (1), the air return openings (7) are arranged on the opposite side wall of the cube box body (1), the air supply openings (6) are in one-to-one correspondence with the air return openings (7), the arrangement positions of the air return openings (7) are lower than the positions of the air supply openings (6), the distance between the lower boundary of the air return openings (7) and the bottom of the cube box body (1) is 0.1 x H+0.03, the distance between the lower boundary of the air supply openings (6) and the bottom of the cube box body is 0.508 x H+0.03, and the distances between two adjacent air supply openings (6) and the two adjacent air return openings (7) are the same, and d 4＝(L1-n1*a4)/(n1 +1.
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| CN103453746A (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2013-12-18 | 南京神鹏机械设备有限公司 | Multilayer mesh belt type drying machine adopting hot air circulation |
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