CN109943415B

CN109943415B - Oil composition for candles

Info

Publication number: CN109943415B
Application number: CN201711381040.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许淑芳; 魏茂林; 徐学兵; 张虹; 毕艳兰
Original assignee: Wilmar Shanghai Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co Ltd
Current assignee: Wilmar Shanghai Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-12-20
Filing date: 2017-12-20
Publication date: 2024-02-02
Anticipated expiration: 2037-12-20
Also published as: CN109943415A

Abstract

The invention provides a grease composition for candles, which comprises the following components of C48 and C54, wherein the sum of the contents of C50 and C52 is less than or equal to 46% and the sum of the contents of C50 and C52 is more than or equal to 50% based on the total mass of triglyceride. The candle manufactured by the grease composition still keeps an oil-seepage-proof state after being placed for 24 hours under a stability test at 35 ℃, and has good appearance, no cracking, no frosting and no oil seepage.

Description

Oil composition for candles

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of grease, in particular to a grease composition for candles.

Background

Along with the development of petrochemical industry, paraffin, a processing product of the paraffin, becomes an important raw material source of candles. However, petroleum resources are nonrenewable, and paraffin candles easily emit black smoke when burned, pollute the environment and endanger human health. In addition, international crude oil prices have increased in recent years, and paraffin prices have increased, and these factors have prompted the use of environmentally friendly renewable vegetable waxes in candles.

Compared with paraffin wax, the vegetable wax has the advantages of green, environmental protection, regeneration, long combustion time, no black smoke and the like; compared with stearic acid, the water-based emulsion is a neutral substance, has no corrosion to equipment and no harm to human body; in contrast to the beeswax, the present invention, it is cheaper.

The current use of vegetable waxes in candles has focused mainly on hybrid candles and on the modification of waxes, as in patent US8021443 by the addition of alpha-olefin polymers, and a certain amount of paraffin or additives such as microcrystalline wax, glyceride, sorbitol ester, fatty acid methyl ester and the like improve the properties of hydrogenated vegetable oil so as to reduce the phenomena of oil seepage, frosting and the like, but the paraffin microcrystalline wax belongs to paraffin type non-renewable resources. The wax material obtained by epoxidation, ring opening and esterification of the double bond of fatty acid through a chemical modification method in WO/2008/140952 can be seen to increase the melting point range and improve the melting crystallization peak on a DSC curve, but the reaction process is extremely complicated and complicated.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the researchers of the invention obtain the grease composition for the vegetable oil-based candles through research experiments.

In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a grease composition for candles, wherein, the sum of the contents of C48 and C54 is less than or equal to 46 percent, and the sum of the contents of C50 and C52 is more than or equal to 50 percent based on the total mass of the triglyceride.

In one or more embodiments, the sum of the amounts of C48 and C54 in the grease composition is 30-46%, such as 30-40% or 34-40%, based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

In one or more embodiments, the sum of the amounts of C50 and C52 in the grease composition is 50% to 80%, such as 50% to 70% or 55% to 65%, based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the triglyceride in the oil composition satisfies the following conditions: the ratio of (C48+C54) to (C50+C52) is less than or equal to 0.72.

In one or more embodiments, the triglycerides in the oil and fat composition satisfy the condition: the ratio of (C48+C54) to (C50+C52) is 0.1-0.7, e.g. 0.2-0.6 or 0.3-0.6 or 0.4-0.6.

In one or more embodiments, the C48 content is 0.8 to 30%, such as 1 to 20% or 4 to 20% or 5 to 18% or 7 to 16% or 8 to 15% by total mass of the triglycerides, in certain embodiments.

In one or more embodiments, the C50 content is 10-40%, such as 20-40% or 20-35% or 22-31% or 22-30% or 23-29% or 24-28% based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

In one or more embodiments, the C52 content is 15-50%, such as 20-45% or 25-43% or 30-40% by total mass of the triglycerides.

In one or more embodiments, the C54 content is 5-45%, such as 10-40% or 15-35% or 20-35% or 25-30% by total mass of the triglycerides.

In the present invention, C48 means that the total carbon chain length of the fatty acid portion of the triglyceride is 48; c54 is fatty acid of triglyceride the total carbon chain length of the fraction was 54; c50 means that the total carbon chain length of the fatty acid portion of the triglyceride is 50; c52 means that the total carbon chain length of the fatty acid portion of the triglyceride is 52.

In one or more embodiments, the C16:0 (palmitic acid) content is 25% to 45% and C18:0 (stearic acid) is less than or equal to 35% based on the total amount of fatty acid groups.

In one or more embodiments, the oil and fat composition contains one or more of hydrogenated cottonseed oil, palm stearin, and hydrogenated soybean oil.

In one or more embodiments, the hydrogenated cottonseed oil has a melting point of 50 to 56 ℃, such as 51 to 55 ℃ or 52 to 54 ℃.

In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the iodine value of the hydrogenated cotton seed oil is 20-45gI ₂ 100g, e.g. 20-40gI ₂ 100g or 30-40g I ₂ /100g。

In one or more embodiments, the hydrogenated cottonseed oil is present in an amount of 25 to 90%, such as 50 to 90% or 50 to 80% or 60% to 80% or 60 to 70% by weight of the total mass of the oil and fat composition.

In one or more embodiments, the palm stearin is present in an amount of 10 to 50%, such as 20 to 40% or 25 to 40% or 30 to 50% or 30 to 40% based on the total mass of the fat composition.

In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a grease composition for improving cracking or bloom in candles.

In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wax material comprising the grease composition of the present invention.

In one or more embodiments, the wax material comprises the grease composition and base oil of the present invention.

In one or more embodiments, the base oil is selected from one or more of vegetable oils or modified oils thereof, animal oils or modified oils thereof.

In one or more embodiments, the vegetable oil is one or more of palm oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, rice oil, corn oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, shea butter, linseed oil.

In one or more embodiments, the animal fat is one or more of lard, tallow, chicken and duck fat.

In one or more embodiments, the base oil is selected from one or more of hydrogenated cottonseed oil, cottonseed oil stearin, palm stearin, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, hydrogenated sunflower oil, rice bran oil, corn oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, shea butter, linseed oil, tallow.

In the present invention, the base oil may be a single oil seed fraction or transesterification of the above-mentioned oils, or may be a mixed oil obtained by at least one modification of the above-mentioned oils, or may be an oil obtained by subjecting a mixture of plural oils of the above-mentioned oils to at least one modification treatment.

In one or more embodiments, the wax material further comprises pigments, fragrances, emulsifiers.

In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the emulsifier comprises one or any combination of monoglyceride, diglyceride, polyglycerol ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, rice bran wax, bayberry wax, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, and fatty acid.

In a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a candle comprising the grease composition of the invention.

In one or more embodiments, the candle is a container wax, a composite wax.

In one or more embodiments, the composite wax is a combination candle with a paraffin shell on the outside and a vegetable wax on the inside.

The candle manufactured by the grease composition still keeps an oil-seepage-free state after being placed for 24 hours under a stability test at 35 ℃, has good appearance, and is free from cracking and frosting.

Detailed Description

It is understood that within the scope of the present invention, the above-described technical features of the present invention and technical features specifically described below (e.g., in the examples) may be combined with each other to constitute a preferred technical solution.

The invention prepares the oil composition for the candle by matching the oil raw materials,

grease composition

A grease composition for candles, wherein the sum of the contents of C48 and C54 is less than or equal to 46% and the sum of the contents of C50 and C52 is more than or equal to 50% based on the total mass of triglyceride.

In certain embodiments, the sum of the amounts of C48 and C54 in the grease composition is 30-46%, such as 30-40% or 34-40%, based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

In certain embodiments, the oil and fat composition comprises, based on the total mass of the triglycerides, the sum of the contents of C50 and C52 is 50% to 80%, for example 50% to 70% or 55% to 65%.

In certain embodiments, the triglycerides in the oil and fat composition satisfy the condition: the ratio of (C48+C54) to (C50+C52) is less than or equal to 0.72.

In certain embodiments, the triglycerides in the oil and fat composition satisfy the condition: the ratio of (C48+C54) to (C50+C52) is 0.1-0.7, e.g. 0.2-0.6 or 0.3-0.6 or 0.4-0.6.

In certain embodiments, the C48 content is 0.8-30%, such as 1-20% or 4-20% or 5-18% or 7-16% or 8-15% based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

In certain embodiments, the C50 content is 10-40%, such as 20-40% or 20-35% or 22-31% or 22-30% or 23-29% or 24-28% based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

In certain embodiments, the C52 content is 15-50%, such as 20-45% or 25-43% or 30-40% by total mass of the triglycerides.

In certain embodiments, the C54 content is 5-45%, such as 10-40% or 15-35% or 20-35% or 25-30% by total mass of the triglycerides.

In the present invention, C48 means that the total carbon chain length of the fatty acid portion of the triglyceride is 48; c54 means that the total carbon chain length of the fatty acid portion of the triglyceride is 54; c50 means that the total carbon chain length of the fatty acid portion of the triglyceride is 50; c52 means that the total carbon chain length of the fatty acid portion of the triglyceride is 52.

In the present invention, c48+c54 refers to the sum of C48 and C54 triglycerides; C50+C52 means C50 and C52 sum of triglycerides.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, the C16:0 (palmitic acid) content is 25% to 45% and C18:0 (stearic acid) is less than or equal to 35% based on the total amount of fatty acid groups.

In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the oil and fat composition contains one or more of hydrogenated cottonseed oil, palm stearin, and hydrogenated soybean oil.

In certain embodiments, the hydrogenated cottonseed oil has a melting point of 50 to 56 ℃, such as 51 to 55 ℃ or 52 to 54 ℃.

In certain embodiments, the hydrogenated cottonseed oil has an iodine number of 20 to 45gI ₂ 100g, e.g. 20-40gI ₂ 100g or 30-40g I ₂ /100g。

In certain embodiments, the composition comprises, based on the total mass of the grease composition, the hydrogenated cottonseed oil is present in an amount of 25 to 90%, for example 50 to 90% or 50 to 80% or 60% to 80% or 60 to 70%.

In certain embodiments, the palm stearin is present in an amount of 10 to 50%, such as 20 to 40% or 25 to 40% or 30 to 50% or 30 to 40% by total mass of the fat composition.

In certain embodiments, the wax material comprises the grease composition of the present invention and a base oil.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in some embodiments, the base oil is one or more selected from vegetable oil or modified oil thereof, animal oil or modified oil thereof.

In certain embodiments, the vegetable oil is one or more of palm oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, rice oil, corn oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, shea butter, linseed oil.

In certain embodiments, the animal fat is one or more of lard, tallow, chicken and duck fat.

In certain embodiments, the base oil is selected from one or more of hydrogenated cottonseed oil, cottonseed oil stearin, palm stearin, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, hydrogenated sunflower oil, rice bran oil, corn oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, shea butter, linseed oil, tallow.

In the present invention, the modification includes, but is not limited to, fractionation, transesterification, hydrogenation.

In certain embodiments, the wax material may include at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: additives to enhance wax fusion, colorants, fragrances (perfumes), migration inhibitors, free fatty acids, surfactants, co-surfactants, emulsifiers, and combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, the additive(s) may comprise more than about 30 wt.%, more than about 5 wt.%, or more than about 0.1 wt.% of the wax composition.

In certain embodiments, one or more dyes or pigments, i.e., colorants, may be added to the wax to provide a desired shade to the candle.

In certain embodiments, the wax material includes from about 0.001 wt% to about 2 wt% colorant. The colorant is pigment, pigment and/or dye. The pigment, such as a toner in the form of a fine powder suspended in a liquid medium such as mineral oil, is preferably used in the form of fine particles suspended in a natural oil such as a vegetable oil such as palm oil or soybean oil, or the pigment is typically a finely ground toner so that the wick of a candle ultimately formed from the pigment-covered wax particles does not clog as the wax burns. The dye is oil-soluble dye such as azo dye and anthraquinone dye.

In further embodiments, one or more perfumes (superfum), fragrances, essential oils, or other fragrance oils (herein "perfumes") may be added to the wax material to provide a desired odor to the wax composition.

In certain embodiments, the wax material comprises from about 1% to about 15% by weight fragrance. Colored fragrances (colorants and fragrances) may also generally include liquid carriers that vary depending on the type of color or fragrance imparting ingredient employed.

In certain embodiments, it is preferred to use liquid organic carriers for colored fragrances (colorants and fragrances) because such carriers are compatible with petroleum-based waxes and related organic materials. As a result, such colored fragrances (colorants and fragrances) tend to be readily absorbed into the wax composition material.

In certain embodiments, the fragrance may be an air freshener, insect repellent, or mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, the air freshener fragrance is a liquid fragrance comprising one or more volatile organic compounds. Most conventional fragrance materials are volatile essential oils. The flavour may be a synthetically formed material or a naturally derived oil such as the following: bergamot, bitter orange, lemon, mandarin orange, caraway (caraway), cedar leaf, clove leaf, cedar wood, geranium, lavender, orange (mandarin), oregano, kumquat (petigrin), white cedar, patchouli, hybrid lavender, orange flower, rose, and the like.

In certain embodiments, the perfume may be selected from a wide variety of chemicals such as aldehydes, ketones, esters, alcohols, terpenes, and the like. The perfume may be relatively simple in composition or may be a complex mixture of natural and synthetic chemical components. Typical perfuming (staged) oils may comprise ingredients comprising exotic ingredients such as sandalwood oil woody/earth (earth) base of musk cat's, patchouli oil etc. The sesame oil may have a light floral fragrance, such as rose extract or violet extract. The sesame oil may also be formulated to provide a desired fruit odor, such as lime, lemon, or orange (mandarin orange, orange).

In some embodiments of the present invention, in some embodiments, the perfume may comprise a synthetic type perfume composition alone or in combination with a natural oil; other artificial liquid fragrances include geraniol, geranyl acetate, eugenol, isoeugenol, linalool, linalyl acetate, phenethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl ionone, isobornyl acetate, and the like. The fragrance may also be a liquid formulation comprising an insect repellent such as citronellal, or a therapeutic agent such as eucalyptus oil (eucalyptol) or menthol.

In certain embodiments, the wax material may include from about 0.1 wt% to about 5.0 wt% migration inhibitor (such as polymerized alpha olefin). In certain embodiments, the wax composition can include from about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight of the migration inhibitor.

In certain embodiments, the wax material may include a surfactant. In certain embodiments, the wax composition can include more than about 25 wt% surfactant, more than about 10 wt% or more than about 1 wt% surfactant. A non-limiting list of surfactants includes: polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan tristearate.

In certain embodiments, co-surfactants may be added to improve the microstructure (texture) and/or stability (shelf life) of the emulsified wax composition.

In certain embodiments, the wax material may include more than about 5% by weight co-surfactant.

In certain embodiments, the wax material may include more than about 0.1 wt% co-surfactant.

In certain embodiments, the wax composition may include an emulsifier. Emulsifiers for waxes are typically synthesized using a base catalyzed process after which the emulsifier can be neutralized.

In certain embodiments, the emulsifier may be neutralized by: an organic acid, an inorganic acid, or a combination thereof is added to the emulsifier. Non-limiting examples of organic and inorganic neutralizing acids include: citric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, carboxylic acids, and other phosphates, nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, iodides, nitrides, and combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, the wax material may include wax components of non-vegetable oil origin, including but not limited to biological waxes such as beeswax, lanolin, shellac wax, chinese wax (shellac wax) and spermaceti, various types of vegetable waxes such as carnauba, candelilla, japan, ouricury, rice bran, jojoba, castor, bayberry, sugarcane, and corn waxes), and synthetic waxes such as polyethylene waxes, fischer-tropsch waxes, chlorinated naphthalene waxes, chemically modified waxes, substituted amide waxes, montan (lignite) waxes, alpha olefins and polymerized alpha olefin waxes; paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, and the like.

In certain embodiments, the wax material can include more than about 1 wt.%, or more than about 10 wt.%, or more than about 25 wt.% of the non-vegetable oil-derived wax component.

In certain embodiments, the wax material is a wick.

In a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a candle, the candles comprise the grease composition of the present invention.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in some embodiments, the candle is container wax and (3) compounding wax.

In certain embodiments, the container wax is not limited in shape, such as glass wax (cylindrical, square, heart-shaped), fire retardant material tea wax, aluminum box tea wax, horseshoe container wax, and the like.

In certain embodiments, the composite wax is a combination candle with a paraffin shell on the outside and a vegetable wax on the inside.

While the invention has been described in terms of various modifications and alternative forms, various embodiments thereof have been described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of these various embodiments is not intended to limit the invention, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Further, while the invention will be described with reference to the following non-limiting examples, it will of course be understood that the invention is not limited thereto since modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings.

Raw material source

Cottonseed oil, palm stearin (ST, melting point 54 ℃), hydrogenated soybean oil (melting point 52 ℃), perhydrogenated soybean oil (melting point 68 ℃) and Hard ST (melting point 60.4 ℃) were purchased from the Yihaijiali group

In the following examples or comparative examples, HCSO-46 represents hydrogenated cottonseed oil having a melting point of about 46℃, HCSO-49 represents hydrogenated cottonseed oil having a melting point of about 49℃, and so on.

Preparation of hydrogenated cottonseed oil grease:

the hydrogenated cottonseed oil is prepared under laboratory conditions, with nickel pricat9910 type catalyst, the addition amount is 0.5%, the reaction temperature is 170 ℃, the hydrogen pressure is 40psi, the hydrogenation time is about 1-6h, and the melting point is about 46-62 ℃, and the iodine value is about 0-55gI ₂ 100g of hydrogenated cottonseed oil.

Detection method

The detection method of TAG refers to AOCS Ce 5-86.

FAC detection method is determined according to preparation of GB/T17376 animal and vegetable oil fatty acid methyl ester and gas chromatographic analysis method of GB/T17377 animal and vegetable oil fatty acid methyl ester

Candle making

Heating and melting raw oil (the raw materials of the components are calculated by weight, the mass ratio is shown in table 1) and uniformly mixing to obtain candle liquid, and pouring the candle liquid at 65-85 ℃ into a cup-shaped glass container, and cooling and molding at room temperature.

Table 1 the compositions and compositions of the oils and fats in examples and comparative examples

Candle testing

Appearance evaluation: after the candles were cooled and molded for 48 hours, the candles were scored for appearance, and for appearance, bloom, cracking, oil bleeding, and the like, according to the appearance evaluation criteria set forth in Table 2. The intensity and the obvious degree of frosting, cracking and oil seepage are classified into 0-10 grades. Candles that did not bloom, did not crack, or did not bleed oil were scored as 0 and candles that did bloom over a large area, did crack severely, or had liquid oil oozed out at room temperature were scored as 10.

TABLE 2 appearance evaluation criteria reference

Scoring criteria	Oil seepage	Frosting or sanding	###
				0-1	Oil-seepage-free	Smooth surface	No crack
2-4	Slight greasy feel	Sporadic frosting or sanding	Minor cracking
				5-7	Severe greasy feel	More pronounced bloom or sand formation	Obvious crack
8-10	Obvious liquid oil precipitation	Integral bloom or unevenness	Annular cracking or breaking

Thermal stability test: after cooling and molding the candles for 48 hours, a thermal stability test was performed. Placing candles with different formulas into an oven, starting timing after the oven reaches 38 ℃, after 24 hours, the heat stability was evaluated, the candles without oil bleeding were scored as 0, and the apparent liquid oil exudation was scored as 10. The lower the score, the better the thermal stability of the candle.

The results of the appearance evaluation and the thermal stability evaluation are shown in table 3. Wherein the bloom/sanding level and cracking level scoring is an appearance evaluation scoring; the degree of oil bleed was scored for heat stability evaluation.

Table 3 appearance rating and heat stability rating of candles

	Degree of bloom/sand formation	Degree of cracking	Degree of oil bleeding	Total score
					Example 1	0	0	0	0
Example 2	0	0	0	0
					Example 3	0	0	1	1
Example 4	1	0	0	1
					Example 5	1	0	0	1
Example 6	1	1	0	2
					Example 7	1	0	1	2
Comparative example 1	2	1	2	5
					Comparative example 2	2	1	2	5
Comparative example 3	2	1	2	5
					Comparative example 4	3	0	2	5
Comparative example 5	3	0	2	5
					Comparative example 6	7	10	0	17
Comparative example 7	10	8	0	18
					Comparative example 8	8	1	1	10
Comparative example 9	6	4	0	10
					Comparative example 10	4	0	6	10
Comparative example 11	5	3	0	8
					Comparative example 12	5	1	2	8
Comparative example 13	1	6	0	7
					Comparative example 14	1	8	0	9
Comparative example 15	5	5	0	10

Claims

1. A grease composition for candles, wherein the sum of the contents of C48 and C54 is less than or equal to 46%, the sum of the contents of C50 and C52 is more than or equal to 50%, the content of C50 is 10-40%, the content of C52 is 15-50%, the ratio of (C48+C54) to (C50+C52) is less than or equal to 0.72, the content of C48 is 4-20%, the content of C16:0 (palmitic acid) is 25-45%, the content of C18:0 (stearic acid) is less than or equal to 35% based on the total weight of fatty acid groups, and the grease composition contains one or more of hydrogenated cotton seed oil, palm stearin and hydrogenated soybean oil.

2. The oil-and-fat composition according to claim 1, wherein the oil-and-fat composition has a C48 content of 5 to 18% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

3. The oil-and-fat composition according to claim 1, wherein the oil-and-fat composition has a C48 content of 7 to 16% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

4. The oil-and-fat composition according to claim 1, wherein the oil-and-fat composition has a C48 content of 8 to 15% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

5. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C50 content is 20 to 40% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

6. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C50 content is 20 to 35% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

7. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C50 content is 22 to 31% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

8. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C50 content is from 23 to 29% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

9. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C50 content is 24 to 28% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

10. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C52 content is 20 to 45% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

11. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C52 content is 25 to 43% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

12. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C52 content is 30 to 40% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

13. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C54 content is 5 to 45% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

14. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C54 content is 10 to 40% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

15. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C54 content is 15 to 35% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

16. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C54 content is 20 to 35% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

17. The fat or oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C54 content is 25 to 30% by mass based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

18. The oil-and-fat composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the oil-and-fat composition contains 25 to 90% hydrogenated cottonseed oil based on the total mass of the oil-and-fat composition.

19. The oil and fat composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hydrogenated cottonseed oil is present in an amount of 50 to 90% by weight based on the total mass of the oil and fat composition.

20. The oil and fat composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hydrogenated cottonseed oil is present in an amount of 50 to 80% by weight based on the total mass of the oil and fat composition.

21. The oil and fat composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hydrogenated cottonseed oil is present in an amount of 60 to 80% by weight based on the total mass of the oil and fat composition.

22. The oil and fat composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hydrogenated cottonseed oil is present in an amount of 60 to 70% by weight based on the total mass of the oil and fat composition.

23. The fat composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, the fat and oil composition contains 10-50% of palm stearin by weight of the total mass of the fat and oil composition.

24. The fat composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the palm stearin is present in an amount of 20 to 40% by weight based on the total mass of the fat composition.

25. The fat composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the palm stearin is present in an amount of 25 to 40% by weight based on the total mass of the fat composition.

26. The fat composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the palm stearin is present in an amount of 30 to 50% by weight based on the total mass of the fat composition.

27. The fat composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the palm stearin is present in an amount of 30 to 40% by weight based on the total mass of the fat composition.

28. Use of a fat composition for improving cracking or bloom of candles, wherein the fat composition comprises, by weight of the total amount of triglycerides, not more than 46% of the sum of the contents of C48 and C54, not less than 50% of the sum of the contents of C50 and C52, not more than 0.72 of the ratio of (c48+c54) to (c50+c52), 4 to 20% of C48, 10 to 40% of C50, 15 to 50% of C52, 25 to 45% of c16:0 (palmitic acid) and not more than 35% of c18:0 (stearic acid), based on the total amount of fatty acid groups, and wherein the fat composition comprises one or more of hydrogenated cottonseed oil, palm stearin and hydrogenated soybean oil.

29. Use of the fat composition according to claim 28 for improving cracking or frosting of candles, characterized in that the fat composition has a C48 content of 5-18% by total mass of triglycerides.

30. Use of the oil and fat composition according to claim 28 for improving cracking or frosting of candles, characterized in that the C48 content of the oil and fat composition is 7-16% based on the total mass of the triglycerides.

31. Use of the oil and fat composition according to claim 28 for improving cracking or frosting of candles, characterized in that the oil and fat composition has a C48 content of 8-15% based on the total mass of triglycerides.

32. A wax material, comprising the grease composition according to any one of claims 1 to 27.

33. The wax of claim 32, wherein the wax comprises a base oil.

34. The wax of claim 33, wherein the base oil is selected from one or more of hydrogenated cottonseed oil, cottonseed oil stearin, palm stearin, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, hydrogenated sunflower oil, rice bran oil, corn oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, shea butter, linseed oil, tallow, and transesterified oils.

35. The wax of any of claims 32-34, wherein the wax comprises one or more of a pigment, a fragrance, and an emulsifier.

36. A wax as in claim 35, wherein, the emulsifier comprises one or more of monoglyceride, span65, span60, fatty acid methyl ester, and Cera flava.

37. A candle comprising the grease composition of any one of claims 1-27 or the wax material of any one of claims 32-36.

38. The candle of claim 37, wherein the candle is a container wax, a composite wax.