CN109943026A - A kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109943026A
CN109943026A CN201910110592.5A CN201910110592A CN109943026A CN 109943026 A CN109943026 A CN 109943026A CN 201910110592 A CN201910110592 A CN 201910110592A CN 109943026 A CN109943026 A CN 109943026A
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polyester
degradation
phase
storage material
change heat
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CN109943026B (en
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孙义明
胡晓利
王军
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Wuhan Bo Ming Low Carbon Industry Ltd By Share Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to becoming material and its hot technical field of memory, spy is related to a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material and preparation method thereof.The present invention carries out multistage degradation to polyester using the method for supercritical water, obtains the low molecular weight polyester of various molecular weights or fusing point, and constituted a kind of gradient phase-change heat-storage material with this, which has multiple solid liquid phase heights.

Description

A kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gradient phase-change heat-storage materials and preparation method thereof, specifically different solid using two groups or more The phase-change material of liquid phase height forms a kind of composite phase-change material of multiphase height, belongs to phase-change material and its hot memory technology neck Domain.
Background technique
Phase-change thermal storage realizes isothermal heat accumulation using Process of absorption or liberation of heat of the material at fusing point, relative to sensible heat heat accumulation mode, efficiency It is higher.
The intensity of sunshine of solar energy is different in Various Seasonal, different regions, different division of day and night, to solar energy heat-storage material Generated temperature is also just different, if absorbed heat using single phase-change material, the temperature value for being difficult to each period can It is enough farthest close to transformation temperature, in this way, phase-change material is just difficult to work in transformation temperature, when more heat accumulation have to by Heat accumulation is completed according to inefficient sensible heat mode, if using a kind of composite phase-change material with multiple transformation temperatures, each phase The accounting of sensible heat can utmostly be reduced, most efficiently heat accumulation farthest close to phase transformation working condition by becoming component, Currently, such technical method is more rare both at home and abroad.
Chinese patent CN106221676A discloses a kind of " phase change heat storage material and its preparation process of multiphase height ", Principle is to mix the phase-change material of a variety of different transformation temperatures, constitutes a kind of classification phase-change material with multiple phase transition temperatures; Chinese patent CN106634856A discloses a kind of " two gradient phase change heat storage materials of one kind and preparation method thereof ", goal of the invention It is that performance complement is achieved the purpose that, which, which does not refer to, passes through difference by the compound of the phase-change materials of two kinds of different performances Phase transition temperature completes phase transformation heat exchange in each temperature spot.Chinese patent CN106675525A discloses a kind of a kind of " two-phase change The phase-change material for cold storage and preparation method of point ", the purpose of the invention is so that its operating temperature is begun by two-phase height composite material Eventually between two phase transition temperatures, which, which does not refer to, yet completes the heat of transformation in each temperature spot by different phase transition temperatures Exchange.
The phase-change material for a variety of different transformation temperatures that above-mentioned patent uses all is inhomogeneous, different transformation temperatures without unit Close phase-change material, due to multiple material not homogeneity, there are problems that it is incompatible between material caused by micro-crack, which can hinder Hinder the conduction of hot-fluid, reduces thermal conductivity.Homogeneity phase-change material does not mix, and due to respectively different molecular structures, may be used also Crystallization can be influenced, and then influences degree of supercooling.This requires when selecting nucleating agent or corresponding a variety of phase-change materials selections A variety of difference nucleating agents or the nucleating agent of selection all have nucleating effect to a variety of inhomogeneous phase-change materials, this is allowed for The range that phase-change material is selected becomes smaller.
The transformation temperature for the phase-change material that above-mentioned patent uses all is fixed and invariable, and user can not freely select as needed It selects.Substantially in accordance with specified phase transition temperature look for phase-change material be it is very difficult, the phase transition temperature of phase-change material is general And can not change, if it is possible to change the phase transformation temperature points of material by controlling, namely change the molten of material Point, so that it may phase transition temperature needed for meeting user more accurately.
On the other hand, Chinese patent CN105509528A discloses " a kind of multistage gradient phase-change cold-storage device ", is to pass through knot Structure designs to obtain a kind of structure of multiphase height, particularly as being successively to arrange the phase change layer of multistage different phase transition temperatures from top to bottom Column get up, realize heat transferring medium successively with phase change layers at different levels exchange heat, in this way, when fluid heat transfer medium in heat transfer process for into Heat exchange is gone, its own temperature constantly changes, and just carries out with the phase-transition heat-storage layer of multilayer difference phase transformation temperature points efficient Phase-change heat-exchange;Chinese patent CN108413796A discloses " a kind of temperature gradient energy storage heat exchanger ", and equally it is also with more The structure that a heat accumulation splinting layer gathers into folds realizes gradient heat exchange.Chinese patent CN106940148A discloses a kind of " change gradient point Shape truss core reinforced transformation is heat sink ", principle is that phase transformation sandwich is arranged successively as array according to change Gradient methods, is improved Heat exchange efficiency, basic structure are also to be laminated according to direction of heat flow;Above-mentioned patent is not all modified phase-change material, And transformation temperature is changed with this.
Chinese patent CN200810058354 discloses a kind of " process of supercritically degrading plastic with xylol ", is to adopt Polyethylene etc. is degraded into oil product with overcritical dimethylbenzene, it is therefore an objective to which waste plastic is degraded into oil product.Chinese patent CN200910081359 discloses " a kind of depolymerization method of Waste Polyester ", is using supercritical methanol, 220-280 °C of condition Under, polyester is degraded into rutgers monomer, it is therefore an objective to recycle waste and old polyester.Chinese patent CN1189537C is used Polyethylene degradation under conditions of 380-500 DEG C, is become oil product, Chinese patent CN1247742C is using overcritical by supercritical water Degradation of polypropylene under conditions of 380-450 DEG C, is become oil product by water.
The molecular weight of polyester polymers is generally 2~30,000, belongs to crystalline plastic, 255~260 DEG C of fusing point or so, drops Solution monomer rutgers can be used for the raw material of polyester.Theoretical crystallization enthalpy 140KJ/kg.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material and Preparation method.The present invention carries out multistage degradation to polyester using the method for supercritical water, obtains various molecular weights or fusing point Low molecular weight polyester, and a kind of gradient phase-change heat-storage material is constituted with this, which has multiple solid-liquid phase changes Point.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase transformation is stored up Hot material, it is characterised in that: including two or more different molecular weight polyester.
According to a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material as described above, it is characterised in that: polyester point Son amount is between 1000~8000.
According to a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material as described above, it is characterised in that: polyester material Expect for two or more the polyester in molecular weight 1200, molecular weight 2500, molecular weight 5500, molecular weight 5500.
According to a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material as described above, it is characterised in that: polyester Particle is 3-5mm.
The invention also discloses a kind of preparation method of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material, feature exists In: polyester is added in reaction kettle, in reaction kettle plus water, temperature are 370~420 DEG C, and heated sealed is reacted 5~30 minutes, is obtained To the polyester of different molecular weight;
By two or more polyester composition gradient phase-change heat-storage material, it is fixed that thermal conducting agent, antioxidant and auxiliary is added Shape agent disperses 5-20 minutes in 150-170 DEG C of reaction kettle, takes out cooling and is broken into 3-5mm particle.
According to a kind of preparation method of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material as described above, feature exists In: thermal conducting agent is one of graphite powder, foamed aluminium, carbon dust or a variety of, additive amount 1-10%.
According to a kind of preparation method of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material as described above, feature exists In: antioxidant is one of phenthazine, salicylate, BHA or a variety of, additive amount 0.5-2%.
According to a kind of preparation method of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material as described above, feature exists In: auxiliary shaping agent is one of attapulgite, perlite, foamed aluminium, expanded graphite or a variety of, additive amount 1-10%.
A kind of preparation method of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material, it is characterised in that: according to institute as above The preparation method for the degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material stated prepares polyester gradient phase-change thermal storage as described above Material.
The medicine have the advantages that
Since more gradient phase-change materials contain multiple transformation temperatures, each temperature during heat accumulation has corresponding close phase Height heat accumulating makes heat transfer and heat accumulation process farthest close to phase transformation heat exchange, reaches efficient heat transfer and heat accumulation.
Simultaneously as homogeneity, different transformation temperatures multiple phase-change materials have good compatibility, farthest subtract It is small mutually separate caused by heat-insulated crack, improve the heating conduction of material.
Due to homogeneity, different transformation temperatures multiple phase-change materials in heterogeneity disperse mixing and always at least exist one group Solids fraction, the molecular material of high phase transition temperature form the netted form continuous or discrete similar to the solid phase of sponge, i.e. material certainly Body also may be constructed a kind of setting material, slow down leaking or being lost for low melting point liquid phase component.
Since the molecular structure of multiple phase-change materials of homogeneity, different transformation temperatures is identical, high melting point component is made to also serve as ground The self-induction crystallization nucleation of melting point component allows material of the invention to reduce or save nucleating agent, i.e., material of the invention It can be with spontaneous nucleation.
Compared with other low-molecular weight polymers, polyester is relatively easy to hydrolyze, and degradation is more easier.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is preparation flow figure of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In the present invention, percentage is weight percentage.
Homogeneity is same substance, and molecular structure is identical, but molecular weight is different.
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, embodiments of the present invention is further illustrated, and the process of the embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings, The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, it is intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be understood as to this hair Bright limitation, any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement for being made all within the spirits and principles of the present invention etc., should be included in It within scope of the presently claimed invention, is not addressed in detail in the technical program, is well-known technique.
As shown in Figure 1, polyester 100kg is added in reaction kettle according to required transition temperature range, water is added in reaction kettle 30~50kg, temperature are 370~420 DEG C, and heated sealed is reacted 5~30 minutes, and the low molecule of molecular weight 1000~8000 is obtained Weight polyester.By control reaction temperature and reaction time, the polyester of available different molecular weight and its different molecular weight distribution.
The low molecular weight polyester that the purifying of above-mentioned low molecular weight polyester can be obtained by required molecular weight, can also save pure Chemical industry skill, preferably saves purifying process.
By the low molecular weight polyester composition gradient phase-change heat-storage material of two or more fusing points, be added 2~10% it is thermally conductive Agent, 0.5~2% antioxidant, auxiliary shaping agent 1~10% disperse 5-20 minutes in 150-170 DEG C of reaction kettle, take out 3-5mm particle is cooled down and be broken into, a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material can be obtained.
Thermal conducting agent of the invention is one of graphite powder, foamed aluminium, carbon dust or a variety of, preferred foams aluminium.Additive amount 1- 10%.
Antioxidant of the invention is one of phenthazine, salicylate, BHA or a variety of, preferably salicylate.Additive amount 0.5-2%.
Auxiliary shaping agent of the invention be one of attapulgite, perlite, foamed aluminium, expanded graphite or a variety of, it is excellent Select attapulgite.Additive amount 1-10%.
Embodiment one:
Polyester 100kg is added in reaction kettle, in reaction kettle plus water 50kg, temperature are 400 DEG C, and heated sealed reacts 30 points Clock removes water and is dried to obtain molecular weight 1200, the low molecular weight polyester that 61 DEG C of fusing point.
Polyester 100kg is added in reaction kettle, in reaction kettle plus water 40kg, temperature are 385 DEG C, and heated sealed reacts 20 points Clock removes water and is dried to obtain molecular weight 2500, the low molecular weight polyester that 77 DEG C of fusing point.
Polylactic acid 100kg is added in reaction kettle, in reaction kettle plus water 30kg, temperature are 375 DEG C, heated sealed reaction 10 Minute, remove water and be dried to obtain molecular weight 5500, the low molecular weight polyester that 86 DEG C of fusing point.
The low molecular weight polyester of above-mentioned three kinds of fusing points is pressed into equal proportion composition gradient phase-change heat-storage material, 2% bubble is added Foam aluminium, 0.5% salicylate, 3% expanded graphite are added in 100 DEG C of reaction kettle and disperse 15 minutes, take out cooling and break It is broken into as 3-5mm particle, a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material can be obtained.
It is not more than 80 DEG C using temperature.
60~85 DEG C of the phase transition temperature of actual measurement, average phase change enthalpy 109KJ/kg.
Embodiment two:
Polyester 100kg is added in reaction kettle, in reaction kettle plus water 50kg, temperature are 400 DEG C, and heated sealed reacts 30 points Clock removes water and is dried to obtain molecular weight 1200, the low molecular weight polyester that 61 DEG C of fusing point.
Polyester 100kg is added in reaction kettle, in reaction kettle plus water 40kg, temperature are 385 DEG C, and heated sealed reacts 20 points Clock removes water and is dried to obtain molecular weight 2500, the low molecular weight polyester that 77 DEG C of fusing point.
Polylactic acid 100kg is added in reaction kettle, in reaction kettle plus water 30kg, temperature are 375 DEG C, heated sealed reaction 10 Minute, remove water and be dried to obtain molecular weight 5500, the low molecular weight polyester that 86 DEG C of fusing point.
The low molecular weight polyester of above-mentioned three kinds of fusing points is pressed into equal proportion composition gradient phase-change heat-storage material, 5% carbon is added Powder, 0.5% phenthazine, 3% attapulgite are added in 100 DEG C of reaction kettle and disperse 15 minutes, take out cooling and are broken into For 3-5mm particle, a kind of hydrothermal degradation polylactic acid gradient phase-change heat-storage material can be obtained.
It is not more than 80 DEG C using temperature.
61~86 DEG C of the phase transition temperature of actual measurement, average phase change enthalpy 110KJ/kg.
Embodiment three:
Polyester 100kg is added in reaction kettle, in reaction kettle plus water 50kg, temperature are 400 DEG C, and heated sealed reacts 30 points Clock removes water and is dried to obtain molecular weight 1200, the low molecular weight polyester that 61 DEG C of fusing point.
Polyester 100kg is added in reaction kettle, in reaction kettle plus water 40kg, temperature are 385 DEG C, and heated sealed reacts 20 points Clock removes water and is dried to obtain molecular weight 2500, the low molecular weight polyester that 77 DEG C of fusing point.
Polyester 100kg is added in reaction kettle, in reaction kettle plus water 30kg, temperature are 375 DEG C, and heated sealed reacts 10 points Clock removes water and is dried to obtain molecular weight 5500, the low molecular weight polyester that 86 DEG C of fusing point.
The low molecular weight polyester of above-mentioned three kinds of fusing points is pressed into 1:2:3 composition gradient phase-change heat-storage material, 8% graphite is added Powder, 2% BHA, 6% perlite are added in 100 DEG C of reaction kettle and disperse 15 minutes, take out cooling and are broken into 3-5mm A kind of hydrothermal degradation polylactic acid gradient phase-change heat-storage material can be obtained in particle.
It is not more than 80 DEG C using temperature.
60~86 DEG C of the phase transition temperature of actual measurement, average phase change enthalpy 108KJ/kg.
The present invention is compound by the phase-change material of a variety of fusing points, and relative to a variety of Heterogeneous Composite phase-change materials, a variety of homogeneities are multiple The molecular structure for closing phase-change material is identical, and compatibility is more preferable from each other, is easy to be uniformly mixed into the disperse form for homogeneous, can To form a kind of uniform grain alloy morphology similar in metal alloy, each component sufficiently dissolves each other, phase domain is tiny, adjacent to each other, high The solid phase homogeneity particle of fusing point can become the nucleating agent of low melting point liquid phase component, farthest reduce crystallization degree of supercooling.
In use, if being no more than the highest component of fusing point in gradient phase-change material component using temperature, namely at least A kind of component remains solid phase, then is equivalent to the solia particle for being uniformly mixed into homogeneity in the liquid phase, plays to liquid phase A kind of compatibility thickening effect, it is possible to reduce or stabilization setting agent needed for saving phase-change material.
Most homogenous metals, inorganic non-metallic are impossible to have multiple fusing points, and crystalline polymer is an example Outside.The crystalline polymer molecular structure of different molecular weight is identical, and molecular weight is different, and fusing point is also different in a certain range, benefit It is with this characteristic, the homogeneity polymer of different molecular weight is compound, then the available gradient phase-change material with These characteristics.
In order to obtain the polymer of different molecular weight, the molecular weight of final product can be controlled in polymerization.If obtained To the polymer of a variety of different molecular weights, the above method is with regard to more troublesome.
It degrades using to ready-made polymer, obtains the oligomer of different molecular weight by controlling degradation process, be to obtain Obtain the good method of different molecular weight homogeneity polymer.The oligomer generated in degradation process is generally not unimodal molecular weight, and It is the composition in normal distribution.By control degradation condition, adjustable molecular weight distribution, from a cost perspective, wide point The oligomer of son amount distribution is more in line with the gradient requirement of gradient phase-change material, it keeps gradient lattice thinner, so, it is grasped in degradation In work, it is preferred beneficial for the measure of wide molecular weight distribution.
It is high in the polyester polymers phase transition temperature temperature of nature routine, it is difficult to it is used for phase-change heat-storage material, and it is of the invention Method reduce the molecular weight of polyester polymers, reduce its phase transition temperature, the fields such as solar energy equipment can be suitable for, Realize its purpose for capableing of functionization.And polyester is relatively easy to hydrolyze, degradation is more easier, even if a large amount of use, to environment Influence it is smaller.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material, it is characterised in that: not including two or more Same molecular weight polyester.
2. a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: polyester Molecular weight is between 1000~8000.
3. a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: polyester Material is molecular weight 1200, molecular weight 2500, molecular weight 5500, two or more the polyester in molecular weight 5500.
4. a kind of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: polyester Particle be 3-5mm.
5. a kind of preparation method of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material, it is characterised in that: polyester is added anti- It answers in kettle, in reaction kettle plus water, temperature are 370~420 DEG C, and heated sealed is reacted 5~30 minutes, and the poly- of different molecular weight is obtained Ester;
By two or more polyester composition gradient phase-change heat-storage material, thermal conducting agent, antioxidant and auxiliary shaping agent is added, Disperse 5-20 minutes in 150-170 DEG C of reaction kettle, take out cooling and is broken into 3-5mm particle.
6. a kind of preparation method of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material according to claim 5, special Sign is: thermal conducting agent is one of graphite powder, foamed aluminium, carbon dust or a variety of, additive amount 1-10%.
7. a kind of preparation method of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material according to claim 5, special Sign is: antioxidant is one of phenthazine, salicylate, BHA or a variety of, additive amount 0.5-2%.
8. a kind of preparation method of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material according to claim 5, special Sign is: auxiliary shaping agent is one of attapulgite, perlite, foamed aluminium, expanded graphite or a variety of, additive amount 1- 10%.
9. a kind of preparation method of degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material, it is characterised in that: according to claim 5 Preparation method to the described in any item degradation by supercritical water polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage materials of claim 8 prepares claim 1 to polyester gradient phase-change heat-storage material as claimed in claim 3.
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