CN109942107B - Softening treatment method of high-salinity wastewater - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a softening treatment method of high-salinity wastewater, which comprises the steps of firstly softening the high-salinity wastewater to obtain effluent pretreatment sodium carbonate, and obtaining a waste sodium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 5-30% of sodium carbonate; adding ferrous salt and a flocculating agent into the solution, settling and separating precipitates, adding the supernatant, the alkali, the flocculating agent and the flocculating agent into high-salt wastewater for softening, and recycling the effluent part in the step (1). The method uses the waste sodium carbonate as a byproduct in the preparation of the butanediol by the pretreatment of the high-salinity wastewater softening effluent as a softening agent for softening the high-salinity wastewater, and has the advantages of good softening effect, low treatment cost, no influence on the quality of the crystallized salt and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a softening treatment method of high-salinity wastewater.
Background
In recent years, modern coal chemical industry such as coal gas, coal olefin, coal oil and the like in China is rapidly developed, and a plurality of large-scale coal chemical engineering projects are built in northwest and north China areas with rich coal resources. However, because of the lack of water resources in the regions, the nation requires that the coal chemical engineering project forcefully promotes the recycling of the water, and the near zero emission of the wastewater is realized. The high cost of wastewater treatment becomes one of the important factors restricting the development of coal chemical engineering projects.
The first step of the treatment process of near zero emission of the high-salinity wastewater in the coal chemical industry is generally to add chemicals to soften and remove hardness so as to prevent scaling and blockage of the subsequent process. Commonly used softening agents are sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and the like. According to the operation experience of part of established projects, because the adding amount is large, the cost of the softening agent is high and accounts for about 20 percent of the treatment cost of the whole high-salinity wastewater near zero emission, and the low-cost softening is an important means for reducing the treatment cost of the wastewater.
Patent CN106186433A discloses a method for load flocculation and hardness removal of saline wastewater, which comprises the following steps: selecting the gray calcareous soil for developing the quaternary loess matrix to construct a heavy medium carrier; adding heavy media carriers into the salt-containing wastewater, and uniformly stirring; then adding a softening agent into the salt-containing wastewater, and continuously stirring; adding coagulant aid into the salt-containing wastewater, and uniformly stirring; and sending the salt-containing wastewater into a clarification tank for sedimentation. According to the invention, the limestone soil type developed by the quaternary loess mother material is selected to construct the heavy medium carrier, and meanwhile, a plurality of reagents such as a softening agent, a coagulant aid and the like are added, so that the softening cost is still high.
Patent CN104973717A discloses a method for advanced treatment of salt-containing wastewater, wherein a magnesium agent or iron salt is selected for desiliconization of wastewater, and the conditions of the magnesium agent desiliconization are as follows: the pH value of the magnesium agent desiliconization is 10.1-10.3, and alkali is added into a treatment system to ensure the pH value; adding a coagulant when the magnesium agent or the iron salt is desilicated, wherein the dosage of the coagulant is as follows: when the magnesium agent is used for desiliconization, the used coagulant is iron salt, and the addition amount of the iron salt is 0.2-0.35 mmol/L; water temperature: heating to 25-40 deg.C by a heater including a heat exchanger; then enters a high-density sedimentation tank, namely a clarifier, for clarification. In the method, due to the introduction of the magnesium agent or the iron salt, the usage amount of the softener and the coagulant which need to be added is increased, and the softening cost is still higher.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a softening treatment method of high-salinity wastewater. The method uses the waste sodium carbonate as a byproduct in the preparation of the butanediol by the pretreatment of the high-salinity wastewater softening effluent as a softening agent for softening the high-salinity wastewater, and has the advantages of good softening effect, low treatment cost, no influence on the quality of the crystallized salt and the like.
The softening treatment method of the high-salinity wastewater provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of waste sodium carbonate: softening the effluent of the high-salinity wastewater to pre-treat the waste sodium carbonate to obtain a waste sodium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 5-30 percent of sodium carbonate;
(2) flocculation, sedimentation and separation: adding ferrous salt and a flocculating agent into the solution obtained in the step (1), settling and separating precipitates, and sending supernatant to subsequent softening treatment;
(3) softening the wastewater: and (3) adding the supernatant obtained in the step (2), alkali, a coagulant and a flocculant into high-salt wastewater together, softening, and recycling the effluent part in the step (1).
In the invention, the waste sodium carbonate in the step (1) is a waste sodium carbonate solid byproduct in the process of producing 1,4 Butanediol (BDO), and the purity of the waste sodium carbonate solid is more than 90 percent and is generally about 95 percent. The purity is not high, so that the external marketing is difficult; meanwhile, the metal ions contain high-toxicity metal ions such as chromium and the like, so that the application of the metal ions is limited. If the method is directly used for softening the high-salinity wastewater, the quality of the recycled water and the crystallized salt is influenced, and the softening effect is poor.
In the invention, the softened effluent of the high-salinity wastewater in the step (1) is the wastewater after softening the high-salinity wastewater, and the total hardness is generally lower than 500mg/L, preferably lower than 350 mg/L; the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions is lower than 100mg/L, and the total alkalinity is 600-1200 mg/L.
In the invention, the waste sodium carbonate is pretreated by softening the effluent of the high-salinity wastewater in the step (1), the stirring speed is 50-400r/min, and the treatment time is 1-2h, so that the waste sodium carbonate is fully dissolved. The prepared waste sodium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 5-30% is yellow-green and contains a large amount of insoluble suspended matters.
In the present invention, the ferrous salt in the step (2) is at least one of ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, polyaluminum ferric chloride, etc., and ferrous sulfate is preferred. The addition amount of Fe2+The molar ratio to total chromium is from 3:1 to 30:1, preferably from 9:1 to 25: 1. Ferrous salt is added in the step (2), hexavalent chromium can be reduced into trivalent chromium, and insoluble substances are formed through hydrolysis; on the other hand, insoluble substances can be promoted to form flocs and generate insoluble precipitates to be removed. And simultaneously, the excessive added iron can be further removed by utilizing the high pH value condition of the softened effluent of the high-salinity wastewater.
In the invention, the flocculant in the step (2) is PAM, and the adding amount is generally 0.1-2mg/L, preferably 0.5-1 mg/L.
In the invention, after the precipitate in the step (2) is settled and separated, the supernatant mainly contains sodium carbonate and is sent to a subsequent softening treatment section, and the obtained precipitate is further treated as solid waste. After the treatment, the removal rate of the total chromium is more than 85 percent, the removal rate of suspended matters is more than 92 percent, and the supernatant is colorless and transparent and can be directly used for the subsequent softening treatment of the high-salinity wastewater.
In the invention, the supernatant obtained in the step (2), alkali, coagulant and flocculant are added into high-salt wastewater for softening treatment, wherein the alkali is at least one of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and the like, and the pH of the wastewater is adjusted to 10-11.5; the coagulant is inorganic coagulant, such as at least one of aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, aluminum potassium sulfate, sodium aluminate, ferric sulfate, polyaluminium chloride (PAC), etc., and the addition amount is 20-100 mg/L; the flocculant is organic polymer flocculant, such as Polyacrylamide (PAM), and the addition amount is 0.5-5 mg/L.
In the invention, the high-salinity wastewater generated in the step (3) is high-salinity wastewater generated in the processes of coal gas, coal olefin, coal oil and the like, and has a large total hardness variation range, generally 300-3000mg/L, along with different gasification processes and coal types; the total content of calcium and magnesium ions is 100-1200mg/L, the total alkalinity is generally more than 300mg/L, and softening pretreatment is needed before concentration treatment or zero emission treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) ferrous salt is added into the waste sodium carbonate solution, so that the reduction and coagulation effects are achieved, the reduction and precipitation of hexavalent chromium can be simultaneously realized in an alkaline environment, the whole treatment process is simple and easy to implement, the cost is low, and the implementation is convenient.
(2) The high pH value condition of softened effluent is utilized to remove impurities such as magnesium and the like, excessive added Fe and original insoluble substances in a system, and the supernatant can be directly used for softening high-salt-content wastewater, so that the influence on sodium carbonate adding setting and subsequent processes is reduced, and the consumption of fresh water can be reduced.
(3) After the waste sodium carbonate is pretreated and flocculated and separated, the high-toxicity heavy metals such as chromium and the like are prevented from entering a subsequent high-salt wastewater treatment system, and the quality of recycled water and crystallized salt is not influenced.
(4) Realizes the resource utilization of the waste sodium carbonate as the byproduct in the preparation of the 1, 4-butanediol, can efficiently soften the salt-containing wastewater, and reduces the purchase cost and the softening operation cost of the medicament.
Detailed Description
The process of the present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples. The embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed implementation modes and specific operation processes are given, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited by the following embodiments.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are, unless otherwise specified, conventional in the art. The experimental materials used in the following examples were purchased from a conventional biochemical reagent store unless otherwise specified.
The pH value is measured by a method of measuring the pH value of water by a glass electrode method (GB/T6920), suspended matters are measured by a method of measuring the weight of suspended matters in water by a method (GB/T11901), and metal ions are measured by a method of microwave digestion/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Example 1
The purity of the waste sodium carbonate solid as a byproduct in BDO production of certain coal chemical enterprises is 95 percent. The total hardness of high-salinity wastewater generated by a certain coal chemical industry enterprise is 190mg/L, the calcium content is 43mg/L, the magnesium content is 25mg/L, and the total alkalinity is 876 mg/L.
Softening the effluent of high-salinity wastewater to pretreat the waste sodium carbonate, stirring for 1h at 200r/min to obtain a solution with the mass concentration of the sodium carbonate of 10 percent, wherein the solution is yellow-green, and a large amount of insoluble substances are arranged on the surface layer and the bottom of the water surface after standing. The solution has high concentrations of suspended substances and Cr and is strong in alkalinity, and the main indexes are shown in table 1.
Adding ferrous sulfate into 10% waste sodium carbonate solution according to Fe2+Added in a molar ratio of 24:1 to total chromium. And adding a flocculating agent PAM with the adding amount of 1mg/L, fully stirring, standing and settling, wherein the index change of the treated supernatant is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 analysis results before and after pretreatment of waste sodium carbonate solution
The purified supernatant is colorless and transparent, the concentration of Cr and suspended matters is greatly reduced, wherein the Cr removal rate is 95.9 percent, the suspended matter removal rate is 98 percent, and the concentration of Fe is not obviously increased.
Adding the supernatant, sodium hydroxide, polyaluminium chloride and PAM into the high-salinity wastewater for softening treatment, wherein the mass concentration of the sodium carbonate is 200mg/L, the addition of the polyaluminium chloride is 50mg/L, the addition of the PAM is 1mg/L, adding the sodium hydroxide to ensure that the pH value is =11.5, fully stirring, reacting, standing and clarifying. The water quality of the raw water and the effluent after the reaction are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 analysis results of high salt-containing wastewater and softened effluent of certain coal chemical enterprises
The purified waste alkali solution is adopted, the softening effect is equivalent to that of the conventional soda ash softening, and the requirement of subsequent concentration or near zero emission treatment is met.
Example 2
The purity of the waste sodium carbonate solid as a byproduct in BDO production of certain coal chemical enterprises is 95 percent. The total hardness of high-salinity wastewater generated by a certain coal chemical industry enterprise is 131mg/L, the calcium content is 21mg/L, the magnesium content is 20mg/L, and the total alkalinity is 571 mg/L.
Softening the effluent of high-salinity wastewater to pretreat the waste sodium carbonate, stirring for 1h at 100r/min to obtain a solution with the mass concentration of the sodium carbonate of 5 percent, wherein the solution is yellow green, and a large amount of insoluble substances are arranged on the surface layer and the bottom of the water surface after standing. The solution has high concentrations of suspended substances and Cr and is strong in alkalinity, and the main indexes are shown in Table 3.
Adding ferrous chloride into 5% waste sodium carbonate solution according to Fe2+The molar ratio of the chromium to the total chromium is 10: 1. And adding a flocculating agent PAM with the adding amount of 0.5mg/L, fully stirring, standing and settling, wherein the index change of the treated supernatant is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 analysis results before and after pretreatment of waste sodium carbonate solution
The purified supernatant is colorless and transparent, the concentration of Cr and suspended matters is greatly reduced, wherein the Cr removal rate is 86.4 percent, the suspended matter removal rate is 93.4 percent, and the concentration of Fe is not obviously increased.
Adding the supernatant, sodium hydroxide, aluminum sulfate and PAM into the high-salinity wastewater for softening treatment, wherein the using amount of the supernatant is that the mass concentration of sodium carbonate is 150mg/L, the adding amount of polyaluminium chloride is 30mg/L, and the adding amount of PAM is 0.5 mg/L; and adding sodium hydroxide to ensure that the pH is =10.5, fully stirring the mixture for reaction, and standing the mixture for clarification. The water quality of the raw water and the effluent after the reaction are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 analysis results of high salt-containing wastewater and softened effluent of certain coal chemical enterprises
The purified waste alkali solution is adopted, the softening effect is equivalent to that of the conventional soda ash softening, and the requirement of subsequent concentration or near zero emission treatment is met.
Example 3
The purity of the waste sodium carbonate solid as a byproduct in BDO production of certain coal chemical enterprises is 95 percent. The total hardness of high-salinity wastewater generated by a certain coal chemical industry enterprise is 315mg/L, the calcium content is 77mg/L, the magnesium content is 30mg/L, and the total alkalinity is 1185 mg/L.
Softening the effluent of high-salinity wastewater to pretreat the waste sodium carbonate, stirring for 2 hours at the speed of 300r/min to obtain a solution with the mass concentration of the sodium carbonate of 20 percent, wherein the solution is yellow green, and a large amount of insoluble substances are arranged on the surface layer and the bottom of the water surface after standing. The solution has high concentrations of suspended substances and Cr, is strong in alkalinity, and has main indexes shown in Table 5.
Adding polyaluminum ferric chloride into 20% waste sodium carbonate solution according to Fe2+The molar ratio to total chromium is 15: 1. And adding a flocculating agent PAM with the dosage of 1mg/L, fully stirring, standing and settling, wherein the index change of the treated supernatant is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 analysis results before and after pretreatment of waste sodium carbonate solution
The purified supernatant is colorless and transparent, the concentration of Cr and suspended matters is greatly reduced, wherein the Cr removal rate is 92.4 percent, the suspended matter removal rate is 96.9 percent, and the concentration of Fe is not obviously increased.
Adding the supernatant, sodium hydroxide, polyaluminium chloride and PAM into the high-salinity wastewater for softening treatment, wherein the using amount of the supernatant is that the mass concentration of sodium carbonate is 900mg/L, the adding amount of the polyaluminium chloride is 90mg/L, and the adding amount of the PAM is 2 mg/L; and adding sodium hydroxide to ensure that the pH is =11, fully stirring the mixture to react, and standing the mixture for clarification. The water quality of the raw water and the effluent after the reaction are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 analysis results of high salt-containing wastewater and softened effluent of certain coal chemical enterprises
The purified waste alkali solution is adopted, the softening effect is equivalent to that of the conventional soda ash softening, and the requirement of subsequent concentration or near zero emission treatment is met.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: the 10 percent waste sodium carbonate solution is directly used for softening treatment of high-salinity wastewater (i.e. flocculation, sedimentation and separation are omitted). Two main problems are found in the experimental process: (1) insoluble substances in the waste sodium carbonate solution block equipment and pipelines of a sodium carbonate feeding system. (2) The quality of the recycled water and the crystallized salt generated by a subsequent near zero emission system can be influenced when Cr in the waste sodium carbonate solution enters high-salinity water, and particularly the identification of the quality of the crystallized salt can be influenced.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: the waste sodium carbonate is pretreated by fresh water to obtain a 10% waste sodium carbonate solution. Compared with the softened effluent, the obtained supernatant has higher Fe concentration, and has certain influence on the quality of the water fed into a sodium carbonate feeding system and a subsequent process.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: only ferrous salt is added into the 10 percent waste sodium carbonate solution. Can remove chromium in the waste alkali and can coagulate and precipitate most insoluble substances. However, in the experimental process, insoluble substances are found to be small in floc, the sedimentation rate is slow, and part of the insoluble substances float to the surface of the solution to form scum, so that the solid-liquid separation time is long, and a slag scraping device is possibly required to be additionally configured.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that: the wastewater is softened without adding the supernatant after treatment. In the experimental process, the calcium ion removal effect is found to be poor due to the insufficient alkalinity of the wastewater.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that: the softening treatment of the high-salinity wastewater does not add alkali to adjust the pH value. The effect of removing magnesium ions is found to be poor in the experimental process.
Claims (13)
1. A softening treatment method of high-salinity wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of waste sodium carbonate: softening the effluent of the high-salinity wastewater to pre-treat the waste sodium carbonate to obtain a waste sodium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 5-30 percent of sodium carbonate; the waste sodium carbonate is a byproduct waste sodium carbonate solid in the process of producing 1,4 butanediol;
(2) flocculation, sedimentation and separation: adding ferrous salt and a flocculating agent into the solution obtained in the step (1), settling and separating precipitates, and sending supernatant to subsequent softening treatment;
(3) softening the wastewater: and (3) adding the supernatant obtained in the step (2), alkali, a coagulant and a flocculant into high-salt wastewater together, softening, and recycling the effluent part in the step (1).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the purity of the waste sodium carbonate obtained in the step (1) is more than 90%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the softened effluent of the high-salinity wastewater in the step (1) is wastewater obtained by softening the high-salinity wastewater, the total hardness is lower than 500mg/L, the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions is lower than 100mg/L, and the total alkalinity is 500-1200 mg/L.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), high-salinity wastewater is adopted to soften effluent to pretreat waste sodium carbonate, the stirring speed is 50-400r/min, and the treatment time is 1-2h, so that the waste sodium carbonate is fully dissolved.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the ferrous salt in the step (2) is at least one of ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride and polyaluminum ferric chloride.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the ferrous salt in the step (2) is ferrous sulfate.
7. The method of claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein: the ferrous salt in the step (2) is added in an amount that Fe is added2+The molar ratio to the total chromium is 3:1 to 30: 1.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the ferrous salt in the step (2) is added in an amount that Fe is added2+The molar ratio to the total chromium is from 9:1 to 25: 1.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) the flocculating agent in the step (2) is PAM, and the adding amount is 0.1-2 mg/L.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the adding amount of the flocculating agent in the step (2) is 0.5-1 mg/L.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein: the alkali in the step (3) is at least one of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and the pH of the wastewater is adjusted to 10-11.5; the coagulant is an inorganic coagulant, and the addition amount is 20-100 mg/L; the flocculant is an organic polymer flocculant, and the addition amount is 0.5-5 mg/L.
12. The method according to claim 1 or 11, characterized in that: the coagulant in the step (3) is at least one of aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, aluminum potassium sulfate, sodium aluminate, ferric sulfate and polyaluminium chloride; the flocculant is polyacrylamide.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein: the high-salinity wastewater generated in the step (3) is high-salinity wastewater generated in the processes of coal gas, coal olefin and coal oil, and the total hardness is 300-3000mg/L according to the gasification process and the coal type; the total content of calcium and magnesium ions is 100-1200mg/L, the total alkalinity is more than 300mg/L, and softening pretreatment is needed before concentration treatment or zero emission treatment.
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| CN1227192A (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-09-01 | 曾兆祥 | Compound coagulant for waste water treatment and its usage |
| CN102603092A (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2012-07-25 | 四川仁智石化科技有限责任公司 | Treating method for desalting high-salt-content waste water in oil and gas field |
| CN104058536A (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-24 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Zero discharge method of stainless steel cold rolling acidic waste water concentrated liquid |
| CN105000726A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-10-28 | 波鹰(厦门)科技有限公司 | Method for treating and recycling high-salt oil-field wastewater |
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| CN1227192A (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-09-01 | 曾兆祥 | Compound coagulant for waste water treatment and its usage |
| CN102603092A (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2012-07-25 | 四川仁智石化科技有限责任公司 | Treating method for desalting high-salt-content waste water in oil and gas field |
| CN104058536A (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-24 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Zero discharge method of stainless steel cold rolling acidic waste water concentrated liquid |
| CN105000726A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-10-28 | 波鹰(厦门)科技有限公司 | Method for treating and recycling high-salt oil-field wastewater |
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