CN109941263A - 用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109941263A
CN109941263A CN201811518131.3A CN201811518131A CN109941263A CN 109941263 A CN109941263 A CN 109941263A CN 201811518131 A CN201811518131 A CN 201811518131A CN 109941263 A CN109941263 A CN 109941263A
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engine
light
tooth
starter
starting
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Granted
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CN201811518131.3A
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CN109941263B (zh
Inventor
金英民
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
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    • F02N2200/124—Information about road conditions, e.g. road inclination or surface
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置和方法，其中，根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置可以包括：点火开关，其包括多个触点；斜度检测器，其配置成检测车辆所在道路的道路斜度；电量状态检测器，其配置成检测高压电池的SOC；轻型混合动力起动机&发电机，其包括定子和布置在定子内侧的转子，并且起动所述发动机或者通过发动机的输出产生电力；起动机，其能够独立于所述MHSG，起动所述发动机；MHSG轮，其与所述转子一体地旋转；MHSG位置检测器，其配置成检测所述MHSG的位置；以及控制器，其配置成基于所述MHSG位置检测器的信号，确定预定汽缸的上止点。

Description

用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于2017年12月18日在韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2017-0174562号并要求该申请的优先权权益，通过引用将其全部内容引入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置和方法。
背景技术
正如本领域普遍已知的，混合动力电动车辆利用内燃机和电池电源一起作为动力。混合动力电动车辆有效地结合内燃机的扭矩和电动机的扭矩。
根据发动机与电动机之间的功率分配比，混合动力电动车辆可以分为重型和轻型。在轻型的混合动力电动车辆(在下文中称为轻型混合动力电动车辆)的情况下，使用配置成起动发动机或者根据发动机的输出产生电力的轻型混合动力起动机&发电机(MHSG)来代替交流发电机。在重型的混合动力电动车辆的情况下，除了配置成起动发动机或者产生电力的集成起动机&发电机(ISG)之外，还使用配置成产生驱动扭矩的驱动电动机。
MHSG可以根据车辆的行驶状态辅助发动机的扭矩，并且可以通过再生制动给电池(例如，48V电池)充电。因此，可以改善轻型混合动力电动车辆的燃料效率。
轻型混合动力电动车辆包括起动机和作为用于起动发动机的电动机使用的MHSG。当在斜度非常大的道路上由起动机起动发动机的时候，存在起动发动机所需要时间增加的问题。
公开于背景技术部分的上述信息仅仅旨在加深对本发明背景技术的理解，因此其可以包含的信息并不构成在一些国家已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面旨在提供一种用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置和方法，该装置和方法具有在道路斜度较高的情况下改善发动机的起动性能的优点。
根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置可以包括：点火开关，其包括多个触点；斜度检测器，其配置成检测车辆所在道路的道路斜度；电量状态(SOC)检测器，其配置成检测高压电池的电量状态(SOC)；轻型混合动力起动机&发电机(MHSG)，其包括定子和布置在定子内侧的转子，并且起动所述发动机或者通过发动机的输出产生电力；起动机，其能够独立于所述MHSG，起动所述发动机；MHSG轮，其与所述转子一体地旋转；MHSG位置检测器，其配置成检测所述MHSG的位置；以及控制器，其配置成基于所述MHSG位置检测器的信号，确定预定汽缸的上止点(TDC，top dead center)，其中，所述控制器配置成，当道路斜度大于预定斜度并且所述高压电池的SOC大于预定SOC的时候时，操作所述MHSG和所述起动机，以起动所述发动机。
在操作所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机和所述起动机以起动所述发动机之前，所述控制器可以操作所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机，以将所述发动机的凸轮轴旋转到预定位置。
当道路斜度等于或者小于所述预定斜度的时候，所述控制器可以操作所述起动机，以起动所述发动机。
当道路斜度大于所述预定斜度并且所述高压电池的SOC等于或者小于所述预定SOC的时候，所述控制器可以操作所述起动机，以起动所述发动机。
所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机轮可以在其圆周上具有至少三个齿，并且所述至少三个齿的尺寸彼此不同，所述至少三个齿中的任意两个齿之间的间隔彼此不同。
所述至少三个齿可以包括第一齿、第二齿以及第三齿，所述第一齿的正向齿面(positive flank)至负向齿面(negative flank)之间的距离、所述第二齿的正向齿面至负向齿面之间的距离以及所述第三齿的正向齿面至负向齿面之间的距离可以彼此不同；所述第一齿的负向齿面至所述第二齿的正向齿面之间的距离、所述第二齿的负向齿面至所述第三齿的正向齿面之间的距离以及所述第三齿的负向齿面至所述第一齿的正向齿面之间的距离可以彼此不同。
孔可以布置在轻型混合动力起动机&发电机轮的中央处，所述转子的旋转轴穿过所述孔。
所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机可以用所述高压电池的电力操作，所述起动机用低压电池的电力操作。
所述装置可以进一步包括：转换器，其能够将所述高压电池的电力转换成低压，并且将低压供应至所述低压电池或者所述起动机。
当从N挡位切换到D挡位所花费的时间大于第一预定时间的时候，所述控制器可以操作所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机，以辅助所述发动机的扭矩。
根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的方法可以包括以下步骤：将由斜度检测器检测的车辆所在道路的道路斜度与预定斜度进行比较；当道路斜度大于预定斜度的时候，将由SOC检测器检测的高压电池的电量状态与预定SOC进行比较；以及由控制器操作能够起动发动机或者通过发动机的输出产生电力的轻型混合动力起动机&发电机，以及能够起动发动机的起动机，从而在高压电池的SOC大于预定SOC的时候起动发动机。
所述方法可以进一步包括：在操作所述起动机用以起动所述发动机的步骤之前，由所述控制器操作所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机(MHSG)，使得所述发动机的凸轮轴的位置达到预定位置。
所述方法可以进一步包括：当道路斜度等于或者小于所述预定斜度的时候，由所述控制器操作所述起动机，以起动所述发动机。
所述方法可以进一步包括：当道路斜度小于所述预定斜度并且所述高压电池的SOC小于所述预定SOC的时候，由所述控制器操作所述起动机，以起动所述发动机。
所述方法可以进一步包括：确定从N挡位切换到D挡位所花费的时间是否大于第一预定时间；以及当从N挡位切换到D挡位所花费的时间大于所述第一预定时间的时候，由控制器操作所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机，以辅助发动机的扭矩。
根据本发明的示例性实施方案，MHSG和起动机在道路斜度非常大的情况下同时操作，从而改善发动机的起动性。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的轻型混合动力电动车辆的原理图。
图2是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的MHSG的分解立体图。
图3是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的MHSG轮的截面图。
图4A至图4E是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置的视图。
图5是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的方法的流程图。
应当理解，附图不一定是按照比例绘制，而是呈现各种特征的简化表示，以对本发明的基本原理进行说明。本申请所公开的具体设计特征(包括例如具体尺寸、方向、位置和形状)将部分地由具体所要应用和使用的环境来确定。
在这些图形中，贯穿附图的多幅图形，相同的附图标记表示本发明的相同的或等同的部件。
具体实施方式
下面将详细参考本发明的各个实施方案，这些实施方案的示例呈现在附图中并描述如下。尽管本发明将与示例性的实施方案相结合进行描述，应当理解本说明书并非旨在将本发明限制为这些示例性的实施方案。相反，本发明旨在不但覆盖这些示例性的实施方案，而且覆盖可以被包括在本发明的精神和由所附权利要求所限定的范围之内的各种选择形式、修改形式、等价形式及其它实施方案。
在下面的详细描述中，将参考所附附图对本申请的示例性的实施方案进行更为全面的描述，在这些附图中显示了本发明的示例性实施方案。然而，本发明不限于本文所描述的示例性的实施方案，并且可以以各种不同的方式进行修改。
为了清楚地描述本发明的示例性的实施方案，与描述不相关的部分将会省略，并且在说明书中相同的附图标记指代相同或类似的元件。
由于将附图中的每一个部件任意地示出以便于描述，因此，本发明不特别限于附图中示出的部件。
图1是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的轻型混合动力电动车辆的原理图。
如图1所示，根据本发明的示例性实施方案的轻型混合动力电动车辆包括发动机10、变速器20、轻型混合动力起动机&发电机(MHSG)30、起动机40、高压电池50、低压电池52、转换器54、差速器装置60和车轮65。
发动机10燃烧燃料和空气，以将化学能转化为机械能。可以控制点火正时、空气量、燃料量以及空气/燃料比，以产生发动机10的燃烧扭矩。
关于轻型混合动力电动车辆的扭矩传递，从发动机10产生的扭矩传递至变速器20的输入轴，并且从变速器20的输出轴输出的扭矩经由差速器装置60传递至车轴。车轴使车轮60旋转，使得轻型混合动力电动车辆通过从发动机10产生的扭矩行驶。
变速器20可以是自动变速器或者手动变速器。自动变速器基于轻型混合动力电动车辆的速度和加速踏板的位置，通过操作多个电磁阀来控制液压压力，从而操作目标挡位的挡位齿轮，并且自动执行换挡。在手动变速器的情况下，当驾驶员踩踏离合器踏板并且将换挡杆移动至期望的挡位时来执行换挡。
MHSG30将电能转换成机械能或者将机械能转换成电能。换而言之，MHSG30根据发动机10的输出来起动发动机10或者产生电力。另外，MHSG30可以辅助发动机10的扭矩。发动机10的扭矩可以作为主扭矩使用，MHSG30的扭矩可以作为辅助扭矩使用。MHSG30可以通过皮带32连接至发动机10的曲轴12和凸轮轴14。
起动机40起动所述发动机10。起动机40可以直接连接至发动机10的曲轴12。
高压电池50可以向MHSG30供应电力，并且可以通过MHSG30回收的电力来充电。高压电池50可以是具有48V电压的锂离子电池，但是本发明不限于此。
低压电池52可以向电力负载(例如，前照灯和空气调节器)或者起动机40供应低压电流。低压电池52可以是12V电池。
转换器54可以是DC-DC转换器，其将从高压电池50供应的电压转换成低压，并且将低压电压供应至低压电池52。低压电池52可以通过从高压电池50供应的电力来充电。
图2是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的MHSG的分解立体图，以及图3是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的MHSG轮的截面图。
参考图2和图3，根据本发明的示例性实施方案的MHSG30可以包括：转子31、定子32、第一壳体33a、第二壳体33b、第三壳体33c、电源模块34、控制模块35、MHSG轮300以及MHSG位置检测器96(例如，传感器等)。
旋转轴31a联接至转子31的中央，并且转子31布置在定子32的内侧，使得转子31的外圆周与定子32的内圆周距离预定间隔。转子31可旋转地布置在定子32的内侧。
定子32包括定子铁芯32a和线圈32b，所述定子铁芯32a包括电工钢板，所述线圈32b围绕定子铁芯32a缠绕。线圈32b电连接至电源模块34，以接收来自电源模块34的电流。当电流从电源模块34施加至线圈32b的时候，转子31通过磁力线旋转，并且MHSG30产生扭矩。
第一壳体33a与第二壳体33b联接，以形成可以布置转子31和定子32的空间。定子32可以固定地安装在第二壳体33b的内侧。
第二壳体33b与第三壳体33c联接，以形成可以布置电源模块34和控制模块35的空间。电源模块34和控制模块35可以固定地安装在第三壳体33c的内侧。
电源模块34根据控制模块35的控制信号向定子32的线圈32b施加电流。
控制模块35根据控制器80(参考图4A至图4E)的控制信号控制电源模块34的操作，并且控制施加至定子32的线圈32b的电流。另外，控制模块35接收MHSG位置检测器96的信号，并且将与其相对应的信号发送至控制器80。
控制器80可以是执行软件指令的电路，从而执行下文中描述的各种功能。
MHSG轮300与转子31一体地旋转。孔340形成在MHSG轮300的中央处，并且转子31的旋转轴31a可以固定成穿透孔340。在MHSG轮300的圆周上至少形成三个齿310、320和330。多个齿310、320和330的尺寸以及它们之间的间隔可以彼此不同。
至少三个齿310、320和330中的每一个包括正向齿面(positive flank)和负向齿面(negative flank)。这里，正向齿面是齿沿着MHSG轮300的旋转方向开始的部分，负向齿面是齿沿着MHSG轮300的旋转方向结束的部分。
第一齿310的正向齿面312与负向齿面314之间的距离b’，第二齿320的正向齿面322和负向齿面324之间的距离d’，以及第三齿330的正向齿面332和负向齿面334之间的距离f’可以彼此不同。另外，第一齿310的负向齿面314与第二齿320的正向齿面322之间的距离c’，第二齿320的负向齿面324与第三齿330的正向齿面332之间的距离e’，以及第三齿330的负向齿面334与第一齿310的正向齿面312之间的距离a’可以彼此不同。
MHSG位置检测器96检测至少三个齿310、320和330的位置(即，MHSG轮300的位置)，并且将与其相对应的信号发送至控制模块35。MHSG位置检测器96可以固定地布置在电源模块34处。
图4A至图4E是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置的视图。
如图4A至图4E所示，根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于起动发动机的装置可以包括：点火开关72、斜度检测器74(例如，传感器等)、SOC检测器76(例如，传感器等)、MHSG轮300、MHSG位置检测器96、控制器80、MHSG30以及起动机40。
点火开关72可以包括多个触点。多个触点可以包括OFF触点、ACC触点、ON触点以及START触点。当选择OFF触点的时候，发动机关闭。当选择ACC触点的时候，可以使用附件设备，例如收音机。当选择ON触点的时候，可以使用使用电池50的电压的电子设备。当选择START触点的时候，发动机10起动。点火开关72的触点可以通过起动钥匙或起动按钮来选择。
斜度检测器74检测车辆所在道路的道路斜度，并且将与其相对应的信号发送至控制器80。
当斜度检测器74在发动机起动期间检测道路斜度，并且确定车辆所在道路的道路斜度等于或者大于指定的角度或者坡度角度的时候，控制器80可以执行步骤用于利用MHSG的扭矩来辅助发动机扭矩的扭矩。
SOC检测器76检测电池50的电量状态(SOC)，并且将与其相对应的信号发送至控制器80。
曲轴轮100安装至发动机10的曲轴12，使得曲轴轮100与曲轴12一体地旋转，并且多个齿110形成在曲轴轮100的圆周上。所述多个齿110的尺寸和间隔是相同的，并且导向槽115形成在曲轴轮100的部分上，以检测曲轴12的参考位置。
曲轴位置检测器92(例如，传感器等)检测多个齿110的位置(即，曲轴12的位置)，并且将与其相对应的信号发送至控制器80。控制器80可以基于曲轴位置检测器92的信号确定发动机10的旋转速度。
凸轮轴轮200安装至发动机10的凸轮轴14，使得凸轮轴轮200与凸轮轴14一体地旋转，并且在凸轮轴轮200的圆周上形成具有不均匀间隔的多个齿210、220和230。所述多个齿210、220和230的尺寸以及它们之间的间隔可以彼此不同。
凸轮轴位置检测器94检测齿210、220和230的位置(即，凸轮轴14的位置)，并且将与其相对应的信号发送至控制器80。控制器80可以基于凸轮轴位置检测器94的信号检测预定汽缸16的上止点(TDC)。在四缸发动机的情况下，预定汽缸16可以是第一汽缸，并且当曲轴12旋转两次的时候，凸轮轴14可以旋转一次。
MHSG轮300安装至MHSG30，使得MHSG轮300与MHSG30一体地旋转，并且在MHSG30的圆周上形成至少三个齿310、320和330。多个齿310、320和330的尺寸以及它们之间的间隔可以彼此不同。另外，MHSG轮300的齿310、320和330的间隔与凸轮轴轮的齿210、220和230相差预定角度差(x3-x2)。
MHSG位置检测器96检测至少三个齿310、320和330的位置(即，MHSG轮300的位置)，并且将与其相对应的信号发送至控制模块35。控制模块35将信号发送至控制器80。控制器80可以基于MHSG位置检测器96的信号检测预定汽缸16的上止点(TDC)。
控制器80可以基于曲轴位置检测器92、凸轮轴位置检测器94以及MHSG位置检测器96的信号，来控制MHSG30的操作。另外，控制器80可以基于点火开关72、斜度检测器74以及SOC检测器76的信号，来控制MHSG30和起动机40的操作。控制器80可以用由预定的程序执行的一个或者多个处理器来实现，并且预定的程序可以包括用于执行包括在会在下面描述的根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的方法中的每一个步骤的一系列命令。
在下文中，将参考图2至图5详细描述根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的方法。
图5是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的方法的流程图。
参考图2至图5，在步骤S100中，控制器80确定是否选择了点火开关72的START触点。
当在步骤S100中没有选择点火开关72的START触点的时候，控制器80完成根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的方法。
当在步骤S100中选择了点火开关72的START触点的时候，控制器80在步骤S110中将通过斜度检测器74检测到的道路斜度与预定斜度进行比较。预定斜度可以由本领域普通技术人员确定，以确定是否满足发动机10处在陡峭的上坡条件。例如，预定斜度可以是10度。
当斜度检测器74在发动机起动期间检测道路斜度，并且确定车辆所在道路的道路斜度等于或者大于指定的角度或者坡度角度的时候，控制器80可以执行步骤用于利用MHSG的扭矩来辅助发动机扭矩的扭矩。
当在步骤S110中道路坡度等于或者小于预定坡度的时候，控制器80在步骤S120中操作起动机40，以起动发动机10。
当在步骤S110中道路斜度大于预定斜度的时候，控制器80在步骤S130中将高压电池50的SOC与预定SOC进行比较。预定SOC可以由本领域普通技术人员确定，以确定高压电池50是否可以完全放电。
当在步骤S130中高压电池50的SOC等于或者小于预定SOC的时候，控制器80在步骤S120中操作起动机40，以用低压电池52的电力起动发动机10。换而言之，当高压电池50处于不足以操作MHSG的状态的时候，如果MHSG30和起动机40同时操作以起动发动机10，则高压电池50可能会被完全放电，因此控制器80可以仅操作起动机40，以起动发动机10。
当在步骤S130中高压电池50的SOC大于预定SOC的时候，控制器80在步骤S140中操作MHSG30，使得发动机10的凸轮轴14的位置变成预定位置。可以由本领域普通技术人员考虑起动的效率和燃烧安全性，来确定预定位置。因为在起动发动机10的时候凸轮轴14的位置处在预定位置处，所以可以从指定的汽缸开始燃料喷射，没有延迟时间地起动发动机10。
当凸轮轴14的位置变成预定位置的时候，在步骤S150中，控制器80操作MHSG30和起动机40，以起动发动机10。因此，可以改善发动机10在道路斜度非常高的时候的起动性。
当在步骤S150中结束发动机起动的时候，控制器80在步骤S160中确定从N挡位(即，空挡)切换到D挡位(即，前进挡)所花费的时间是否大于第一预定时间。
当在步骤S160中从N挡位切换到D挡位所花费的时间大于第一预定时间的时候，控制器80在步骤S170中操作MHSG30，以辅助发动机的扭矩。
在这种情况下，MHSG的第一预定时间和辅助扭矩可以确定为由本领域普通技术人员确定的值，该值对于防止车辆在发动机起动之后和向前移动之前在上坡道路上向后移动是必要的。
例如，第一预定时间可以是0.3秒，或者可以基于道路的斜度进行不同地设定。
例如，MHSG的辅助扭矩可以是25Kgf.m或者300～400N.m，或者可以基于道路的斜度进行不同地设定。
在现有技术中，当车辆在上坡道路上起动并且从N挡位切换至D挡位所花费的时间变得更长的时候，车辆在发动机扭矩变成足够向前移动之前会向后移动，这给驾驶员造成危险和不便。
在本发明的示例性实施方案中，当车辆在坡度陡峭的上坡道路上起动的时候，可以操作MHSG以辅助发动机扭矩，从而可以防止车辆在发动机起动之后和向前移动之前向后移动，因此可以改善车辆的安全性。
如上所述，根据本发明的示例性实施方案，当车辆在坡度陡峭的道路上的时候，可以改善发动机10的起动性。
为了方便解释和精确限定所附权利要求，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”、“上面”、“下面”、“上面的”、“下面的”、“向上”、“向下”、“前”、“后”、“背后”、“内侧”、“外侧”、“向内”、“向外”、“内部”、“外部”、“内部的”、“外部的”、“向前”、“向后”被用于参考附图中所显示的这些特征的位置来描述示例性具体实施方案的特征。
前面对本申请具体示例性实施方案所呈现的描述是出于说明和描述的目的。前面的描述并不旨在成为穷举的，也并不旨在把本发明限制为所公开的精确形式，显然，根据上述教导很多改变和变化都是可能的。选择示例性实施方案并进行描述是为了解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的其它技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种示例性实施方案及其不同选择形式和修改形式。本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等价形式所限定。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置，所述装置包括：
点火开关，其包括多个触点；
斜度检测器，其配置成检测车辆所在道路的道路斜度；
电量状态检测器，其配置成检测高压电池的电量状态；
轻型混合动力起动机&发电机，其包括定子和布置在定子内侧的转子，所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机配置成起动发动机或者通过发动机的输出产生电力；
起动机，其配置成独立于所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机来起动所述发动机；
轻型混合动力起动机&发电机轮，其与所述转子一体地旋转；
轻型混合动力起动机&发电机位置检测器，其配置成检测所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机的位置；以及
控制器，其配置成基于所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机位置检测器的信号，确定预定汽缸的上止点，
其中，所述控制器配置成，当道路斜度大于预定斜度并且所述高压电池的电量状态大于预定电量状态的时候时，操作所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机和所述起动机，以起动所述发动机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置，其中，在操作所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机和所述起动机以起动所述发动机之前，所述控制器操作所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机，以将所述发动机的凸轮轴旋转到预定位置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置，其中，当道路斜度等于或者小于所述预定斜度的时候，所述控制器操作所述起动机，以起动所述发动机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置，其中，当道路斜度大于所述预定斜度并且所述高压电池的电量状态等于或者小于所述预定电量状态的时候，所述控制器操作所述起动机，以起动所述发动机。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置，其中，所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机轮在其圆周上具有至少三个齿，并且所述至少三个齿的尺寸彼此不同，所述至少三个齿中的任意两个齿之间的间隔彼此不同。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置，其中，所述至少三个齿包括第一齿、第二齿以及第三齿，
所述第一齿的正向齿面至负向齿面之间的距离、所述第二齿的正向齿面至负向齿面之间的距离以及所述第三齿的正向齿面至负向齿面之间的距离彼此不同；
所述第一齿的负向齿面至所述第二齿的正向齿面之间的距离、所述第二齿的负向齿面至所述第三齿的正向齿面之间的距离以及所述第三齿的负向齿面至所述第一齿的正向齿面之间的距离彼此不同。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置，其中，孔布置在轻型混合动力起动机&发电机轮的中央处，所述转子的旋转轴穿过所述孔。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置，其中，所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机用所述高压电池的电力操作，所述起动机用低压电池的电力操作。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置，进一步包括：转换器，其配置成将所述高压电池的电力转换成低压，并且将低压供应至所述低压电池或者所述起动机。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的装置，其中，当从N挡位切换到D挡位所花费的时间大于第一预定时间的时候，所述控制器操作所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机，以辅助所述发动机的扭矩。
11.一种用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
将由斜度检测器检测的车辆所在道路的道路斜度与预定斜度进行比较；
当道路斜度大于预定斜度的时候，将由电量状态检测器检测的高压电池的电量状态与预定电量状态进行比较；以及
由控制器操作能够起动发动机或者通过发动机的输出产生电力的轻型混合动力起动机&发电机，以及能够起动发动机的起动机，从而在高压电池的电量状态大于预定电量状态的时候起动发动机。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的方法，进一步包括：在操作所述起动机用以起动所述发动机的步骤之前，由所述控制器操作所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机，从而使得所述发动机的凸轮轴的位置达到预定位置。
13.根据权利要求11所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的方法，进一步包括：当道路斜度等于或者小于所述预定斜度的时候，由所述控制器操作所述起动机，以起动所述发动机。
14.根据权利要求11所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的方法，进一步包括：当道路斜度小于所述预定斜度并且所述高压电池的电量状态小于所述预定电量状态的时候，由所述控制器操作所述起动机用以起动所述发动机。
15.根据权利要求11所述的用于起动轻型混合动力电动车辆的发动机的方法，进一步包括：
确定从N挡位切换到D挡位所花费的时间是否大于第一预定时间；以及
当从N挡位切换到D挡位所花费的时间大于所述第一预定时间的时候，由控制器操作所述轻型混合动力起动机&发电机，以辅助发动机的扭矩。
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