CN109937000A - Portable spirometer - Google Patents
Portable spirometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109937000A CN109937000A CN201780064843.XA CN201780064843A CN109937000A CN 109937000 A CN109937000 A CN 109937000A CN 201780064843 A CN201780064843 A CN 201780064843A CN 109937000 A CN109937000 A CN 109937000A
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- spirometer
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
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- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/087—Measuring breath flow
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
- A61B5/14552—Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
- G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
- G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
- G01F1/44—Venturi tubes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/6845—Micromachined devices
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- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0242—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution
- A61B2560/0247—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution for compensation or correction of the measured physiological value
- A61B2560/0252—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution for compensation or correction of the measured physiological value using ambient temperature
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0242—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution
- A61B2560/0247—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution for compensation or correction of the measured physiological value
- A61B2560/0257—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution for compensation or correction of the measured physiological value using atmospheric pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0271—Thermal or temperature sensors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
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- A61B2562/028—Microscale sensors, e.g. electromechanical sensors [MEMS]
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- A61B2562/029—Humidity sensors
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- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02438—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to spirometer (1), it includes the thermal fluid flow sensor (13 based on MEMS, 13.1,13.2), it is used for the fluid flow in response to generating during air-breathing or expiration and generates signal and microcontroller (14), is used for according to flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) signal generated calculates fluid flow.Spirometer (1) may be connected to other equipment, such as smart phone or personal computer or suitable for collection, storage, analysis, exchange and/or any other computing unit for showing data.Invention further describes purposes of the spirometer (1) in passage measurement user's lung function and/or monitoring lung function at any time.In addition, spirometer (1) can provide in systems together with air quality measuring device and computing unit, air quality measuring device is used to determine the air quality at interested position；Computing unit is used to collect, analyze and be associated with the geolocation data of the user's lung function data obtained from spirometer (1) and air quality data and the optionally described position.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Portable lung measurement locking equipment living or spirometers, and determine that lung function is joined using the equipment
Several methods.
Background technique
Spirometry is for according to the amount with air inhalable and exhalation under the conditions of exerting oneself or eupnea
The relevant lung function parameter of (volume) and/or speed (flow or flow velocity) come determine or assess lung function most common test it
One.The main signal measured in spirometry can be volume and/or flow.As a result it (is risen, liter/second) with initial data
With prediction (i.e. with the predicted value with the patient with similar parameter (such as height, age, gender, weight and sometimes ethnic)
It is relevant) percentage offer.Due to can get a variety of publications of predicted value, explanation as a result may be slightly different, but general
For, it is as a result most normally, as a result >=80% to be usually also considered as normal close to 100% prediction.In general, result is into one
Step is shown as figure, i.e., so-called lung capacity figure or pneumotachogram, and (volume is in Y-axis for display volume-time curve
On, to be upgraded to unit, and the time in X-axis, in seconds) and/or flow-volume ring (describe airflow rate in Y-axis and
The total volume for sucking or breathing out in X-axis).
Spirometry is various obstructive or restrictive lung disease the important tool of assessment, these diseases such as asthma, slow
Property obstructive lung disease (COPD), bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and cystic fibrosis (CF), because with so-called
Spirometer (i.e. for measure ventilation, air pass in and out lung movement device) can identify abnormal ventilating mode,
I.e. obstructive and limitation sexual norm.
The lung function parameter that spirometry and/or spirometer determination can be used includes for example: lung capacity (VC；
The volume breathed out after most deep sucking)；Forced vital capacity (FVC；The lung capacity determined by the forced expiration of effort to greatest extent)；
Slow vital capacity (SVC)；Forced expiratory flow (FEF), Peak expiratory flow (PEF；Highest forced expiratory flow, with peak value stream
Meter metering)；Forced expiratory volume (FEVX；First in X seconds firmly under the conditions of the air capacity that breathes out；Such as FEV1=1
The volume firmly breathed out after second)；Forced breath time (FET), inspired vital capacity (IVC；The largest body that maximum sucks after exhaling
Product)；Forced suction lung capacity (FIVC)；Remaining volume (RV；The remaining air capacity of lung after maximum is exhaled；Sometimes based on total
The percentage of lung volume indicates)；Total lung volume (TLC；Lung volume after maximum sucking；The sum of VC and RV)；Tidal volume (TV；Peace
The air capacity of lung is passed in and out when quiet breathing)；Air-breathing or exhalation capacity (IRV and ERV；It can be from air-breathing terminal horizontal or corresponding
The sucking of expiration terminal horizontal or the maximum capacity that correspondingly breathes out)；Gulp capacity (IC；The summation of IRV and TV)；Function is remaining
Capacity (FRC；The volume of expiration end lung)；It extrapolates volume (EVOL), estimates lung age (ELA)；Maximal breathing capacity (MVV；
Also referred to as maximal breathing capacity)；And other.
As described above, carrying out test program using spirometer.These known various types of equipment, from simple machinery
Operate all-electronin operation；The equipment uses many different measuring principles, such as water-level gauge, and " windmill " type rotor is (also referred to as
For turbine) or pressure sensor.Most of traditional spirometers measure film, capillary by (such as using differential pressure pick-up)
Pressure difference before and after the flowing limitation of pipe or the other forms with known resistance, or assessed by the rotation of turbine
Fluid flow.In the past, increases and make great efforts so that portable devices and/or hand-held, allow patient or user oneself to carry out will pass through
The more detailed and simple monitoring to such as therapeutic efficiency is realized in spirometry measurement；Without going doctor's office or doctor
Institute is medical.Smart phones that are some or even being intended to may be connected to such as patient in these portable devices.
For example, the asma-1 equipment of Vitalograph is a kind of small handheld AAA battery supply set, with measurement and
Store PEF and FEV1Value.The equipment can pass through USB or bluetooth equipped with rotatable turbine and disposable mouthpiece
It is connected to mobile phone, PDA, PC or home hub.Unfortunately, which can only store the measured value of limited quantity (most
More 600), and it is not capable of measuring the parameter other than PEF and FEV1.In other words, which not can be carried out American Thoracic Society
(ATS) and European pneumatology can vital capacity determination standard defined in non-full vital capacity determination；Referring to
"Standardisation of spirometry"；Eur Respir J 2005；26:319-338 is (for example, these standards are fixed
24 ATS waveforms that justice spirometer must be identified correctly, some of them generate under 37 DEG C of higher temperature and high humility,
In addition, air-flow drag overall in 0-14.0L/s must < 0.15kPa/ (L/s)).
The Respi company that general headquarters are located at Baltimore (Baltimore) is committed to researching and developingSpirometer and
Respective breath data platform.The prototype 3D printing spirometer of Respi be intended to using smart phone (Apple's
The Lightning Connector of 5s) internal sensor as power supply and smart phone, to ensure in measurement process correctly
Body gesture.The equipment is furnished with rotary wings and laser sensor, per second to carry out thousands of measurements.Collected data are recognized
For based on such as pressure and temperature etc environmental condition and cloud on any information for collecting be adjusted so that can be into
The lasting patient-monitoring of row, individual vital capacity determination assessment, personalized Instant-Counseling and a large amount of population analyses.From MIR
The disposable mouthpiece of (Medical International Research) is for ensuring health.Although spirometer can be into
The full vital capacity determination of row (for example, not only peak flow measures), but it there is also various disadvantages；Such as smart mobile phone application
Program (or " app ") lacks the option for 6 seconds by breathing Operating Guideline patient at present.In addition, private adapter and/or nothing
Line communication mechanism will need withExcept other kinds of smart phone be used together that (Respi suggests using bluetooth
4.0)。
SpiroSmart was released in 2012, is the application program of mobile phone of a low cost, is used smart phoneIn built-in microphone execute vital capacity determination (i.e. FEV1, FVC, PEF and FEV1%).The app is intended for non-
Chronic disease management, and monitor air quality influence and/or allergic reaction.The app record user expiration and by Mike humorously
At audio data upload onto the server.Then, server is mixed using the physiological models of sound channel and the sound around user's head
Model is rung to calculate exhalation flow rate, and final result is then sent back into smart phone app.But system and app are lacked there are many
Point.According to inventor, there are the challenge of availability and training, the serious low patient of lung function may not generate any sound.
Other models may not be able to be generally applicable to according to the algorithm for the audio data creation collected on specific intelligence mobile phone model
Or brand.In addition, user is necessary to ensure that smart phone is always maintained at identical position (for example, the brachium apart from mouth by him
At degree) and it is in correct angle；And he is mouth enough to big.SpiroSmart (itself and dependence voice signal
The test of most of vital capacity determinations is identical) can only be used in quiet environment, and with it is complete for example in hospital environment
Vital capacity determination is compared, and smart phone not will record the sucking that (almost) do not hear usually.Smart phone app can not be real-time at present
Calculate all features；The flow-volume circulation for especially needing largely to calculate, so that analysis is completed in cloud (that is, numerical data
It is stored on one or more physical servers, the physical server is usually possessed by hosting company and managed).
As the alternative solution of SpiroSmart, calling service is can be used in the user for not possessing smart phone
(SpiroCall).In this case, the sound of vital capacity determination work is transmitted using standard telephone voice channel.Test
It can be used or carried out without using the SpiroCall whistle of simple 3D printing, the whistle is in user by that can produce when its expiration
Raw whirlpool, and its tone that resonates is changed according to flow velocity.Although the audio quality of voice communication channel declines, SpiroCall knot
A variety of regression algorithms are closed, it is possible to provide reliable lung function estimation.Then, server calculates lung function parameter, and user passes through hand
Text message on machine receives response.
Similar connectable device based on acoustics and smart phone isIt is portable " number auscultation
Device " and its relevant smart phone app, for recording respiration sound to detect and measure whoop, whoop is since respiratory tract is narrow
Typical sound and be one of cardinal symptom of asthma caused by narrow.Sensor is in eupnea 30 seconds
It is maintained at tracheae (exhaust tube).The app is then recorded and analysis breathing and by the measurement for the degree wheezed in the duration
Value returns to WheezeRATETM。WheezeRATETMHistorical record be stored in smart phone and be synchronized to cloud for check and with
Such as sanitarian is shared.But wheeze and do not verified well clinically, for monitoring treating asthma (neck
Domain lacks clinical guidelines), and the equipment is not capable of measuring spirometric parameters.
Medical International Research (MIR) provides the equipment for being widely used in measurement respiration parameter,
Some of them be it is portable, it is some to may be connected on mobile phone.For example, SmartEquipment is portable turbine flowmeter,
It may be selected using usual disposable of MIRTurbine and cardboard mouthpiece.The equipment can pass through bluetooth connection
To smart phone, stored on smart phone correspondingApplication program (being suitable for iOS and Android) and survey
The breath data obtained.The equipment can determine such as PEF and FEV1；But the equipment can not carry out complete vital capacity determination.
MIR'sWithII smart machine be portable, pocket size, it is independent (i.e.
Without computer) turbine flowmeter equipment, it is able to carry out complete vital capacity determination and stores up to 10000 lung capacity
Test.Equipment includes the main body of the approximate hand size with LCD touch screen display, built-in bi-directional digital whirlpool
Turbine (such as it is disposableTurbine) attachable flowmeter head and for FVC measured value BTPS turn
Change temperature sensor (i.e. best endeavors forced expiration when lung capacity, in the steam-laden environmental stress of body Gentle
It is lower to be indicated with liter).The difference of II smart machine is essentially consisted in be replaced using keyboardTouching
Screen is touched, and is that flowmeter head is permanently fixed.As the alternative solution of keyboard,II smart machine
Tablet computer (iPad can also be passed throughTM) operation.But smart phone connection is not provided.
Two devices optionally further comprise finger tip pulse oximeter, can pass through cable connection to the main body.
Built-in three-axis moving sensor is provided in equipment, with the oxygen saturation (%SpO2) that finger tip oximeter measures and to use
The body movement at family is associated.Data transmission, for example, it is related for operationThe personal computer of software
(PC) (or forSmart, a kind of MIR of the operation based on iOSThe iPad/iPad mini of app)
Data transmission can be realized by bluetooth or USB connection.Only when being connected to PC or iPad, corresponding software just be can be carried out in real time
Vital capacity determination and blood oxygen test；I.e. real-time curve is shown.Unfortunately, this increase in demand to such as tablet computer etc.
The cost of these equipment.
It is another portable pocket formula care and household spirometer in MIR product line, use can
Connection reusable bi-directional digital turbine and can be by USB line or bluetooth connection into the main body of personal computer (PC)
Small-sized touch screen；Then, data are extracted and send it to clothes by software application (WinspiroPro Home Care)
Business device.WithWithII smart machine is identical,It selectively further comprise that can lead to
Cable connection is crossed to close to the finger tip pulse blood oxygen instrument of main body and the built-in oxygen saturation levels (%SpO2) for will measure
It is linked to the three-axis moving sensor of the body movement of user.AlthoughEquipment itself is portable, but it cannot be single
It solely uses, smart phone can not be connected to, but needed using PC.
One common drawback of most of equipment listed above be using movable part, i.e. turbine or rotary wings, with
Measure gas flow.This needs regularly external calibration, for example, external calibration annual or half-yearly.In addition, most of also lack
Weary such as FEV6, the measurement spirometric parameters such as FRC, SVC, MVV or ERV option.
Portable battery running equipment using gas flow transducer without movable part is Thor Laboratories
SpiroTube mobile edition, have and PC (the storage ThorSoft lung diagnosis PC software) bluetooth connecting or USB connector
Lung function diagnosis and monitoring device.Bluetooth and WIFI connector can be used as option by SpiroTube be connected to iPad/iPhone,
Android intelligent, PDA device and the ready mobile device of any JAVA.SpiroTube uses proprietary IDEGENTM
Multipath measuring principle, wherein flow measurement depends on the quantity and energy of the gas molecule measured using ultrasonic wave and Doppler effect
Amount.The inner surface of flowtube is continuous and without any barrier, it is easily sterilized.
The equipment of another not movable part is the WING equipment of U.S. Sparo Labs, it can be inserted by earphone
Hole and smart phone carry out cable connection, and measure PEF (Peak expiratory flow) and FEV1(the appearance firmly breathed out after 1 second
Product).The data measured are synchronized to " cloud " in an encrypted form, and special intelligent application program of mobile phone can be used to be analyzed.It is unfortunate
, it is not capable of measuring in addition to PEF and FEV1Except other parameters (be the 25%- of FVC such as without forced vital capacity (FVC)
75% forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75), etc.).In other words, it not can be carried out American Thoracic Society (ATS) and Europe exhaled
Inhale full vital capacity determination defined in the vital capacity determination standard of association；Similar to for example above-mentioned asma-1 equipment.In addition, WING
(passing through earphone jack) runs on the battery of mobile phone, so that existing can not correct measurement if cell-phone battery electric-charge quantity is insufficient
The risk of data.
Alternatively, such as MEMSIC also proposed acceleration transducer (also referred to as accelerometer or gyro in the prior art
Instrument sensor), such as the thermal fluid flow sensor (MEMS based on MEMS；MEMS), it is used in Medical Devices
Flow measurement, Medical Devices include ventilator, sleep apnea equipment, spirometer etc.；MEMSIC is this kind of sensor
One of manufacturer.These thermal fluid flow sensors based on MEMS use temperature sensor, such as thermocouple, and pass through
The gas molecule of stratie heating.When being subjected to acceleration, the lesser molecule of density in heat gas is along acceleration
Direction is mobile, and the cooling and biggish molecule of density moves in opposite direction, to generate the acceleration by temperature sensor measurement
Ratio Temp is poor.However, with regard to known to the present inventor, it is this that the thermal fluid flow sensor based on MEMS is used in Medical Devices
Flow measurement design before be never converted into existing operable functional spirometer, that is to say, that Zhi Daoben
How whether invention, the unclear concept actual implementation and can realize accurate, reproducible or accurate lung capacity
Count flow measurement.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of improved portable spirometers, it overcomes prior art device
Disadvantage.Such as the equipment with more high measurement sensitivity, the personnel for needing not move through medicine training can be used, and be able to carry out
Full vital capacity determination, including FEV1, FVC, PEF and FEV1The measurement of the main vital capacity determination parameter such as % and FEV6、FRC、
The measurement of the parameters such as SVC, MVV or ERV.The theme as described in claim of the purpose through the invention, i.e., by using
It is realized based on the thermal fluid flow sensor of MEMS as the portable spirometer of measuring principle.Another mesh of the invention
Be to provide a kind of portable spirometer with the thermal fluid flow sensor based on MEMS, sensor portion in the device
Flow behavior in terms of be optimized, so as to carry out accurate and reproducible or accurate spirometer flow measurement.
Summary of the invention
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of portable electronic spirometers comprising: (a) tube-like interface pipe and
(b) main body.Tube-like interface pipe includes the proximal openings for being inserted into the mouth of user, distal openings, and is open it at the two
Between the main fluid passageway that extends.Tube-like interface pipe further includes the first lateral openings and the second lateral openings, and the second lateral openings are fixed
Position is being separated by fore-and-aft distance and current limiter, current limiter are positioned at first lateral openings with first lateral openings
In the main fluid passageway between second lateral openings.The main body include first fluid opening, can with it is described
First lateral openings of mouthpiece connect；Second fluid opening, can be with second lateral openings of the mouthpiece
Connection；And bypass fluid passage, extend between first fluid opening and second fluid opening.The main body is also
It including the thermal fluid flow sensor based on MEMS, is located at bypass fluid passage, in response to the by-pass
The fluid flow in body channel and generate signal；And the microcontroller being connect with the flow sensor, it uses
The fluid flow is calculated in the signal generated according to the flow sensor.One embodiment of the spirometer is for example being schemed
Describe in 2.
The current limiter in the spirometer can show flow resistance or impedance, at about 0.01kPa/ (L/s)
To in the range of about 0.2kPa/ (L/s), preferably in the range of about 0.01kPa/ (L/s) to about 0.15kPa/ (L/s), more
It is preferred that in the range of about 0.01kPa/ (L/s) to about 0.1kPa/ (L/s), fluid flow is 60SLM to 900SLM (or SLPM；
Standard liter/min)；And/or it can be adjusted or the fluid flow ratio that is configured so that in the bypass fluid passage is in institute
Stating the fluid flow in main fluid passageway is about 1:10 to about 1:200.Fluid flow i.e. in bypass channel can be about
In the range of 0.3SLM to about 90SLM.The current limiter can be perforated disc, have the cross relative to the main fluid passageway
Section orientation, such as the perforated disc present about 1 to about 100 perforation, or about 2 to about 100 perforation, or about 4 extremely
About 100 perforation, or about 15 to about 100 perforation (optionally round, ellipse or polygon, or be configured to round or oval
The sector of shape), and/or it is the position in the perforated disc of the main fluid passageway that total combined area range of all perforation, which is presented,
Set about the 26% to about 96% of the cross-sectional area at place, or about 39% to about 96%, or about 26% to about 72%.For example, current limliting
Device, which can be, has about 587mm2Total surface area perforated disc, it includes 55 perforation, perforation is configured to regular hexagon simultaneously
And about 175mm is presented2" perforated surface area ", or about 30% " perforated surface face of the total surface area for current limiter
Product "；Alternatively, it is about 587mm that current limiter, which can be total surface area,2Perforated disc, it includes 37 circular perforations and about 261mm2
" perforated surface area ", or about 45% " perforated surface area " of the total surface area for current limiter.
The main fluid passageway along the spirometer between the current limiter and first lateral openings
The distance of longitudinal axis is about 5mm to about 15mm, preferably from about 10mm, such as 10.0mm；And the current limiter and described second
The distance between lateral openings are about 25mm to about 45mm, preferably from about 34mm, such as 34.2mm.
The thermal fluid flow sensor based on MEMS of the spirometer can be bi-directional flow sensor, so as to
It can be measured for example during both air-breathing and expiration.The thermal fluid flow sensor based on MEMS may, for example, be packet
Monolithic complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) flow sensor of sensor chip is included, the chip includes the gas of encapsulation
Bubble, the micro-heater for heating the bubble, more than first a thermoelectric piles on the first side of the bubble and it is located at
More than second a thermoelectric piles of second side opposite with first side of the bubble.Such flow sensor also serves as
Temperature sensor, with the temperature for measuring breathing simultaneously.
The spirometer further includes acceleration transducer, is different from the thermal fluid flow sensing based on MEMS
Device, for example, 3 axle sensors, for each axis in three axis, sensitivity (So) is at least 973 countings/g ± 5%；In general,
The range of sensitivity is between 973 countings/g and 1075 countings/g；Such as 1024 countings/g.For example, this acceleration sensor energy school
Fluid flow just calculated.It is produced for example, the microcontroller of spirometer can be programmed to basis by the flow sensor
Raw signal and the fluid flow according to the signal calculating correction generated by the acceleration transducer.In addition, the acceleration
Sensor (similar to the thermal fluid flow sensor based on MEMS) can be used for the temperature of measurement breathing.
The spirometer can also include heart rate sensor, oximetry sensor, for measuring environment temperature
Temperature sensor, barometric pressure sensor and/or humidity sensor.Each of the one or more sensors can be with institute
Microcontroller direct or indirect connection is stated, enables the microcontroller from each of one or more of sensors
Receive signal.
The spirometer can also include communication device, preferred wireless communication device, and more preferable radio communication
Device.
The average energy consumption of the equipment during its operation can be presented in the spirometer, and the average energy consumption is total
No more than about 90mA, preferably no greater than about 50mA altogether.
In second aspect, the present invention provides a kind of method for measuring the health parameters of people experimenter, the health
Parameter is selected from: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV), Peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow (FEF),
Maximal breathing capacity (MVV), average expiration flow, slow vital capacity (SVC), functional residual capacity, FRC (FRC), expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
(ERV), maximum expiration speed, forced suction (FIV), forced suction lung capacity (FIVC), peak inspiration flow (PIF), or
Any combination of these parameters of person, this method include that the people experimenter by spirometer as described above carries out breathing operation
The step of.
In the third aspect, the present invention provides a kind of systems comprising:
The portable electronic spirometer according to the first aspect of the invention, and
- the first air quality measuring device comprising be suitable for calculating with the portable electronic spirometer and/or with individual
Unit carry out data exchange communication device, and equipped with the position for determining the first air quality measuring device at
Air quality one or more air quality sensors, the air quality sensor be preferably chosen from humidity sensor,
Temperature sensor, barometric pressure sensor, MOS type gas sensor (Metal-oxide-semicondutor), air-borne particle sensor,
Pollen sensor, ozone (O3) sensor, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor, sulfur dioxide (SO2) sensor and carbon monoxide
(CO) sensor, and optionally
Individual computing unit is suitable at least collecting and analyzing from the spirometer described according to the first aspect of the invention
And the data obtained from the first air quality measuring device.
Using the system, method according to a second aspect of the present invention can be supplemented with additional data, for example, with air matter
(pollutant, ozone, pollen etc.) relevant data and/or geolocation data are measured, to allow the health ginseng of people experimenter
Number (such as FVC, FEV, PEF, FIV, FIVC, PIF etc., as described above) is compared with these additional datas and/or is associated.
In other words, the fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method, wherein by leading to according to the first aspect of the invention
Cross one or more health parameters that spirometer carries out the people experimenter measurement people experimenter of breathing operation, the health ginseng
Number is selected from: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV), Peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow (FEF), most
Big expiratory positive airway pressure amount (MVV), average expiration flow, slow vital capacity (SVC), functional residual capacity, FRC (FRC), expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
(ERV), maximum expiration speed, forced suction (FIV), forced suction lung capacity (FIVC), peak inspiration flow (PIF), or
Any combination of these parameters of person；And wherein, one or more of health parameters with from institute according to a third aspect of the present invention
Air quality data derived from the system stated and optional geolocation data are compared and/or are associated.
Detailed description, embodiment and claim based on following, other objects of the present invention, aspect, useful reality
Applying scheme, application, beneficial effect and advantage will become obvious.
Appended drawing reference is summarized
1 spirometer, 14 microcontroller
2 tube-like interface pipe, 15 acceleration transducer
2.1 bite 15.1 3- axle sensors of front end
3 proximal openings, 16 heart rate sensor
4 distal openings, 17 oximetry sensor
5 main fluid passageway, 18 environment temperature sensor
6 first lateral openings, 19 barometric pressure sensor
7 second lateral openings, 20 humidity sensor
8 current limiter, 21 radio communications set
8.1 perforated disc, 21.1 bluetooth connection
8.2 21.2 NFC devices of perforation
8.3 ribs (multiple), 21.3 wlan device
8.4 outer ring, 22 cable communication device
9 main body, 22.1 usb communication device
10 first fluids, 23 optical signal transmitters of opening
11 second fluids, 23.1 signals of opening send LED
12 bypass fluid passage, 24 acoustic signal sending device
13 25 on/off button of heat based on MEMS
26 battery of flow sensor
13.1 bi-directional flow sensor, 27 mainboard
13.2 single chip CMOS flow sensors 28 breathe temperature sensor
Detailed description of the invention
Figure 1A-C shows the tube-like interface pipe of spirometer (1) with top view (A), side view (B) and perspective view (C)
(2) a embodiment.Mouthpiece (2) includes proximal end (3) and distal openings (4), between proximal end (3) and distal openings (4)
The main fluid passageway (5) of extension, the first and second sides are to opening (6 and 7) and current limiter (8), and current limiter (8) is perpendicular to channel
Longitudinal axis be located in main fluid passageway (5), and be located between two lateral openings (6 and 7).The embodiment shown in
In, current limiter (8) is the perforated disc (8.1) with 55 hexagonal penetration holes, as being seen in detail in Fig. 3 A.
Fig. 2 shows the perspective cross-sections of an embodiment of spirometer (1).With main fluid passageway (5), current limliting
Device (8) and the first and second sides, can to detachable main body (9) are shelved at the top of the tube-like interface pipe (2) of opening (6 and 7)
The bypass fluid passage (12) that disassembly main body (9) has the first and second fluid openings (10 and 11) and extends between them.
The thermal fluid flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) based on MEMS for also serving as breathing temperature sensor (28) is located at by-pass
The top side or upside in body channel (12).In the form shown in, the first and second fluid openings (10 and 11) are connected to tubulose and connect
First and second sides of mouthful pipe (2) are to opening (6 and 7).
Fig. 3 A, 3B, 3C and 3D show four embodiments of the spirometer (1) at the position of current limiter (8)
Cross section, more specifically, transversal at the position of the perforated disc (8.1) used in the specific embodiment of spirometer (1)
Face, with regular hexagon perforation (8.2；Fig. 3 A is 55 here) or circular perforations (8.2；Fig. 3 B is 37 here), or
Shape is round or oval the fan-shaped perforation (8.2, Fig. 3 C are 6 here) formed by (8.3) cutting of straight rib or does not advise
The then perforation (8.2, Fig. 3 D) of shape.
From Fig. 3 C as can be seen that shown in exemplary puncture disk (8.1) include outer ring (8.4), biggish outer diameter with
The internal diameter of the main fluid passageway (5) of spirometer (1) matches, and its lesser internal diameter defines that central opening (is retouched here
It is depicted as circle)；Center of multiple ribs (8.3) from the outer ring (8.4) towards the central opening extends, and in this way
It is overlapped at the center, so that round be entirely diametrically split by rib (8.3) at it.In other words, rib (8.3) is in two points
The outer ring (8.4) of place's contact perforated disc (8.1), to form the perforation that shape is circular sector.
Fig. 3 D shows another apertured disk (8.1), has the list formed by outer ring (8.4) and single rib (8.3)
The perforation (8.2) of a irregular shape, only partly cutting in outer ring (8.4) or passes through outer ring to single rib (8.3)
(8.4) central opening formed；That is, rib (8.3) only contacts at a point with outer ring (8.4), and opposite end is freely
's.
Fig. 4 show the mainboard (27) of an embodiment of spirometer (1) top view and sensor (13,13.1,
13.2,15,15.1,18,19,20,28), microcontroller (14), radio communications set (21,21.1), NFC device (21.2),
The position of cable communication device (22,22.1) and optical signal transmitter (23,23.1).
Fig. 5 illustrates in perspective view the another embodiment of the tube-like interface pipe (2) of spirometer (1).Mouthpiece (2) packet
Proximal end (3) and distal openings (4) are included, the main fluid passageway (5) extended between proximal end (3) and distal openings (4), first and
Two lateral openings (6 and 7) and current limiter (8), current limiter (8) are located in main fluid passageway perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in channel
(5) in, and it is located between two lateral openings (6 and 7).In the embodiment illustrated, current limiter (8) is with 6 perforation
(8.2) perforated disc (8.2), shape are circular sector, described round entirely diametrically to be cut by straight rib (8.3) at it
Point, as that can be seen in detail in fig. 3 c.
Definition
Unless this specification states otherwise or unless specific context is otherwise noted or requires otherwise, it is otherwise used herein
Following term or expression way should usually be explained as described in this section:
All technical terms used herein are interpreted as having normally understood with those skilled in the technology concerned
The identical meaning of meaning.
Word "include", "comprise" in the present description and claims and " containing " and similar expression Ying Yikai
Put and comprising meaning be construed to " including but not limited to ".
Singular " one ", "one" and "the" are understood to include plural referents.In other words, to the list of the disclosure
Number feature or all references of limitation should include corresponding Complex eigenvalues or limitation, and vice versa.Therefore, art " one ", "one"
There is meaning identical with the meaning of "at least one" or " one or more " with "the".For example, referring to that " ingredient " includes into
The mixture etc. divided.
Expressing " embodiment ", " embodiment ", " specific embodiment " etc. indicates special characteristic, attribute or characteristic,
Or feature, the specific group of attribute or characteristic or combination (as combined corresponding expression mentioned) are present in of the invention at least one
In embodiment.These expression that each place throughout the specification occurs are not necessarily referring to identical embodiment.In addition,
Special characteristic, attribute or characteristic can combine in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Unless otherwise indicated, context is indicated or is required, otherwise all percentages in digital background, number and/or ratio
Rate is interpreted as the sum relative to respective item.In addition, all percentage parts and/or ratio each mean the weight in total weight
Amount；Such as it unless otherwise indicated or context instruction or requires, otherwise ' %' be interpreted as ' wt.-%'.
Associated " substantially " with attribute or value, " about ", " approximation " (about), " substantially " (ca.) etc. includes definite belong to
Property or exact value, and be typically considered to belong to any category of the non-normal range that correlative technology field is received or variation range
Property or value.
All similar terms of ' front ' and designated position, orientation or direction, for example, "left", "right", " rear ", " after
Face ", " top ", " bottom ", "upper", "lower" etc. should refer to the orientation of spirometer or its component in normal operation condition
To understand." lateral " or the centre, center or central axis for " laterally " meaning away from equipment or part of appliance.
Term " sensor " and " energy converter " synonymous use herein, unless otherwise indicated, and refer to survey
Amount parameter (for example, power, temperature or sound) and the device for sending coherent signal to data analysis unit, coherent signal such as telecommunications
Number, it can be received, read, store and be analyzed by computer or similar data analysis unit.In this aspect, it will be understood that
Such as " from the signal of sensor ... acquisition " as wording strictly speaking refer to the signal for being transferred to computer, therefore not
It must be actual measurement parameter or measured variable, such as trigger the power of corresponding signal.
Term " spirometry " or " full spirometry " refer to during air-breathing or expiration and firmly or
It is relevant to the respiration capability of the lung of breathing object or lung function during peace and quiet breathing operation all to measure.These measurements both can be with
It is qualitative quantitatively to carry out.Therefore, terms used herein " spirometer " refer to the equipment for being able to carry out these measurements.
The example of the most common parameter measured in (complete) vital capacity determination is lung capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced suction
Forced expiratory volume (FEV) (such as the FEV of lung capacity (FIVC), fixed time interval in seconds1=the FEV in 1 second), use
Power expiratory gas flow (FEF), PEFR peak expiratory flow rate (PEF；Also referred to as peak flow), forced breath time (FET) and maximum autonomous logical
Tolerance (MVV；Also referred to as maximal breathing capacity).In other words, spirometry includes or measures comprising peak flow；Cause
This, it should be appreciated that spirometer according to the present invention is also used as peak flowmeter, is not limited solely to the function.Vice versa
The case where it is not necessarily effective；That is, peak flowmeter is not spirometer if being limited to the function of measurement peak flow.Together
Sample, although theoretically can by " spirometer " in the sense of the present invention for so-called excitation spirometer (a kind of technology,
Middle instruction subject slow air-breathing and optionally keeps it to breathe so as to lung inflation and keep small airway open repeatedly, such as
After pulmonary surgery or in bedridden patient), not each incentive spirometer has to carry out above-mentioned lung function parameter
Qualitative and quantitative measurment, therefore " spirometer " in meaning of the present invention is not necessarily qualified as, although title is similar.
Terms used herein " portable " refer to product, especially spirometer, and size and weight make them suitable
In the human user by the product it is additionally help in the case where it is comfortable and for a long time (such as whole day and/or daily) takes
Band；For example, simply with a hand holding it or placing it in the pocket of trousers or housing or carried in handbag.Cause
This, the term of such as pocket size and/or hand-held etc is understood to synonym.In general, having a size of from about 200 × 60 × 50mm
Or smaller and total weight is about 250g or lighter, preferably from about 150g or even about 100g or lighter product are considered portable
's.Term " portable " still means that, during use and/or " (on the go) whenever and wherever possible ", equipment can operate and nothing completely
Need connecting cable power supply and/or without being connected to fixed work station (such as dedicated docking station, personal computer etc.)；For example,
Portable spirometer of the invention does not need to measure in insertion power outlet to be able to carry out full lung capacity for user.In this hair
In the sense that bright, the usually used so-called bench device in clinical setting, especially desk-top spirometer is not considered as
" portable ".Although theoretically some in these bench devices still also can additionally not helped by human user
In the case of promoted and carried, but be usually not to be regarded as feeling comfortable in a longer period of time (such as a whole day), and/or will
It needs using special shell (such as suitcase) and/or uses both hands.
Any appended drawing reference in claim is not necessarily to be construed as the limitation to the embodiment indicated in any attached drawing.
Specific embodiment
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of portable electronic spirometers (1) comprising: (a) tube-like interface pipe
(2), have for the proximal openings (3) in the insertion registered permanent residence, distal openings (4), in proximal openings (3) and distal openings
(4) main fluid passageway (5) extended between, the first lateral openings (6), with the first lateral openings (6) be separated by it is certain longitudinal away from
The second lateral openings (7) and current limiter (8) from place, current limiter (8) are located at the first and second sides between opening (6 and 7)
Main fluid passageway (5) in；(b) main body (9) have can connect with the first lateral openings (6) of mouthpiece (2) first
Fluid openings (10), the second fluid opening (11) that can be connect with the second lateral openings (7) of mouthpiece (2), first and the
The bypass fluid passage (12) extended between two fluid openings (10 and 11) is located at bypass fluid passage (12) and sentences response bypass
Fluid flow in fluid channel (12) generates the thermal fluid flow sensor (13) based on MEMS of signal, and with fluid stream
The signal for being generated according to flow sensor (13) of quantity sensor (13) connection calculates the microcontroller (14) of fluid flow.
One embodiment of the spirometer (1) is for example shown in FIG. 2.
Optionally, tube-like interface pipe (2) and main body (9), which can disassemble each other, comes.Further, optionally, main body (9)
First fluid opening (10) and the first lateral openings (6) of mouthpiece (2) between and/or main body (9) second fluid opening
(11) connection between the second lateral openings (7) of mouthpiece (2) can be realized by snap-fit mechanism.Preferably, it connects
Mouthful pipe (2) be designed to only in one way or direction cooperation main body (9)；To prevent the dislocation and/or wrong group of two components
Dress.
It is about 115mm × 55mm × 45mm that one advantage of spirometer (1), which is size, weighs less than 100g, the equipment
It is light-weight, small in size, pocket size, hand-held, therefore user can easily carry (for example, in overcoat pocket, trouser pocket or hand
In bag), while making it possible to carry out with very high precision according to American Thoracic association (ATS), European pneumatology meeting is (referring to example
Such as Eur Respir J 1997；10:Suppl.24,2s–8s；Or " Standardisation of spirometry "；Eur
Respir J 2005；26:319-338) or ISO 26782:2009 (regulation to the people's for being more than 10 kilograms for assessing weight
The requirement of the spirometer of lung function) vital capacity determination standard defined in full spirometry；It is included in air-breathing and
Measurement during expiration the two, and the institute for providing spirometer used in hospital environment is functional.The equipment can also pass through
ERS realizes Peak expiratory flow inventory (see, for example, " Peak expiratory flow:conclusions and
recommendations of a Working Party of the European Respiratory Society”)。
The basic function of spirometer (1) include measurement exhale and aspiration fluid flow velocity, exhale and air-breathing time and
Respiratory capacity and inspiratory capacity, and all interested spirometer parameters are calculated, including most common: FVC, FEV1, PEF and
FEV1% and such as FEV6, FRC, SVC, MVV or ERV etc parameter, to assess user (such as with respiratory disease
Patient or sportsman) respiratory function.
In addition, spirometer (1) will continuously monitor local environment parameter, such as temperature, pressure and ambient air humidity, this
It will be described in further detail below.For example, this can by with scheduled monitoring frequency or monitoring interval (for example, each hour, every
Half an hour or per quart hour 10 seconds etc.) local environmental parameter is monitored to realize.Like this, the user of spirometer (1)
It not only measures and receives the spirometric data about his/her lung function, but also particular data point can be matched to for example
In the lung capacity time of measuring point or the environmental parameter near it.
Another advantage is that spirometer (1) can be used by layman, i.e., no such as current physician office
And/or make in the case where doctor required by most of spirometry tests or the staff of similar training in hospital environment
With；To provide them " household " spirometer that oneself can be used for user.It should be appreciated that in the present invention
Context in, user is not necessarily the patient with respiratory disease.For check the parameter of respiratory tract be also it is useful,
Such as the sportsman for regular exercise, enable them to the training progress for monitoring them and tracks their performance；Or it is right
In want assessment smoking cessation benefit smoker be also useful.
Advantageously, spirometer (1) may be coupled to the personal computer and/or smart phone of user, preferably pass through
Dedicated proprietary spirometer application program (' app') connection with proprietary and prediction algorithm；Or as iOS or Android
" add-on assemble " integrated in the available existing health care application program of smart phone.
It in addition, spirometer (1) of the invention is completely electronic, and does not include any movable part, such as rotate
Turbine swings cantilever, because they are commonly used to measure the fluid flow in prior art spirometer, it is fixed not need
The continually external calibration of phase ground.In addition, it was opened between spirometer (1) and equipment preparation use in the time less than 7 seconds
Interior quick unlatching.This is not only energy saving, so that battery life is saved, so that the equipment is suitble to by medical workers such as doctors
" whenever and wherever possible " it uses；For example, making an inspection tour, being used during visit to the parents of schoolchildren or young workers.
Thermal fluid flow sensor (13) based on MEMS provides high sensitivity for measurement of fluid flow, while by vibration
Dynamic intrinsic harmful sensibility；I.e. any flow measurement attempts itself all by when user moves spirometer during use
The influence of the non-flow coupled vibration of Shi Fasheng.This is practically without according to the current knowledge of inventor before may be and develops
Including one of based on the reason of the operable global function spirometer of the thermal fluid flow sensor of MEMS.The present invention is based on
Under have been surprisingly found that: it is accurate and reproducible or smart that the thermal fluid flow sensor (13) based on MEMS can enable to carry out
True (complete) lung capacity measuring flow measurement and different from many other devices, further such that can be carried out air-breathing and expiration lung
Mode as functional assessment is incorporated in portable electronic spirometer.This is accomplished by the following way: will be based on MEMS
Thermal fluid flow sensor (13) be located at bypass fluid passage (12) and provide current limiter (8) to reboot mainstream
The specific part of air-flow in body channel (5) is to bypass fluid passage (12).Thermal fluid flow sensor (13) based on MEMS
When being incorporated in spirometer (1) in this way, usually used not cocurrent flow in spirometer more portable than the prior art
Quantity sensor (such as energy converter (turbine) based on fan) provides higher precision, reproducibility and sensitivity.In addition, pass through by
It includes that bypass fluid in the main body (9) of spirometer (1) is logical that thermal fluid flow sensor (13) based on MEMS, which is placed on,
In road (12), it can protect from being directly exposed to may be damaged it or influencing the accuracy of measurement and/or the saliva of precision
Liquid and/or biologic grain.
Can by other than the thermal fluid flow sensor (13) based on MEMS also using being not connected to main fluid
Channel (5) is nor connected to the acceleration transducer (15) of bypass fluid passage (12), further increase precision, reproducibility and
Sensitivity.The acceleration transducer (15), it preferably includes in portable electronic spirometer (1), especially portable
Acceleration transducer (15) in the main body (9) of electronic meter for vital capacity (1), makes it possible to correct fluid flow calculated, this will
It is described in further detail below.Acceleration transducer (15) is also enabled to alert in the case where detecting movement during measurement and be used
Family, and if desired, instruction user corrects his/her position, and/or ignore in Long-term analysis the operation (example that mistake executes
Such as, there is the operation of substantive head movement)；To improve the quality of single operation and the Long-term analysis of lung function parameter
Quality.Finally, acceleration transducer (15) can also improve the spirometer flow measurement of spirometer (1) clinically relevantly
Sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility or accuracy.
In one embodiment, the bat of spirometer (1) meets ATS/ERS standard；That is, with lung of the invention
The difference of parameter and reference flow curve that meter (1) living determines is no more than permissible value (referring to " Standardisation of
spirometry"；Eur Respir J 2005；26:319-338, the accuracy test of spirometer in page 333；Or ISO
26782:2009, which specify the requirements to the spirometer for assessing weight > 10kg human body lung function).Even if low
Under the low flow velocity of 0.3L/sec, precision is also up to ± 3%.Repeatability, or, in other words, reproducibility or accuracy are
± 0.5%.
In fact, being passed in the spirometer (1) of the claimed invention using the thermal fluid flow based on MEMS
Sensor (13), and preferably, spirometer (1) has the acceleration transducer (15) being incorporated to, in addition to described based on MEMS's
Except thermal fluid flow sensor (13), acceleration transducer (15) is not connected to main fluid passageway (5), also other without connection
Road fluid channel (12), this makes equipment sensitive enough even to measure and move into tracheae or shifting by air caused by heartbeat
The minute movement of escape pipe, to realize the new medical application that can not be obtained with prior art spirometer in the past.
Another advantage of spirometer (1) of the invention (can be torn open each other especially for mouthpiece (2) and main body (9)
Unload the embodiment to come) it is, because it includes in main body (9) that the thermal fluid flow sensor (13) based on MEMS, which is located at,
At bypass fluid passage (12), mouthpiece (2) can be disassembled easily and safely from main body (9), without potentially damaging
The risk of the bad flow sensor (13), will not otherwise influence the accuracy and/or precision of its measurement.This overcomes
The limitation of prior art device only accurately places dismountable mouthpiece in prior art device (again)
Just ensure the correct function and accuracy and precision of flow sensor (for example, pressure sensor) into main body.Of the invention
Spirometer (1) include be designed to only in a manner of one or direction assembly main body (9) mouthpiece (2)；To prevent as described above
The only dislocation and/or mistake assembling of two components.
The main fluid passageway (5) of tube-like interface pipe (2) is normally partially configured to hollow circle tube or oval cylinder shape,
To be similar to the shape for the mouth that user opens when sucking or breathing out by main fluid passageway.Optionally, cylinder can be towards remote
End opening (4) is slightly tapered；For example, passing through the length of about 110mm to 120mm from the outer diameter of the about 31mm at proximal openings (3)
Degree is narrows gradually to the outer diameter of the about 29mm at distal openings (4).
In general, diameter of the main fluid passageway (5) at proximal openings (3) should be selected, it is expected with cosily to cooperate
The mouth at family simultaneously enables him/her to effectively seal against mouth (2) with lip.For example, for adult user, at proximal openings (3)
About the diameter of 30mm is suitable, and for baby or children, smaller diameter is suitable.It is alternatively possible to for user's
Tooth provides little groove or ridge, to improve the sealing between lip and mouthpiece (2).
In embodiment as shown in figs. 1 a-c, the front end (2.1) of tube-like interface pipe (2) includes proximal openings (3)
End, be configured to the integral part of tube-like interface pipe (2).Alternatively, which can be configured to tube-like interface pipe
(2) removable section, so that front end (2.1) part of mouthpiece (2) can be removed, so as in the lip of it and user
And/or it is cleaned after tongue contact, or abandon and replace it.Dismountable front end (2.1) can suffer from more convenient for cleaning
Disposable unit (if applicable) is used in person's environment.
As described above, current limiter (8) is the component part of spirometer (1), it is combined with bypass fluid passage (12),
The thermal fluid flow sensor (13 based on MEMS can be passed through；Or hereinafter also referred to as flow sensor (13)) logical to main fluid
Air-flow in road (5) carries out accurate, repeatable or accurate measurement.
Using current limiter (8) to guide some fluid streams, that is, the air stream for sucking or breathing out passes through main fluid passageway
(5) enter bypass fluid passage (12) and pass through flow sensor (13).This is critically important, because flow sensor (13) is very clever
It is quick；That is, flow passes by rebooting a part of fluid stream in main fluid passageway (5) by bypass fluid passage (12)
Sensor (13) can generate the signal for having high correlation with the fluid flow in main fluid passageway (5).In addition, flow sensing
For device (13) to vibration or noise-sensitive, vibration or noise may be as caused by the movement or acceleration of equipment；Therefore, by itself and master
Fluid channel (5) isolation also helps assure that accurate and accurate measurement of fluid flow.
In one embodiment, the current limiter (8) in spirometer (1) is shown in about 0.01kPa/ (L/s) to about
In the range of 0.2kPa/ (L/s), preferably in the range of about 0.01kPa/ (L/s) to about 0.15kPa/ (L/s), more preferably exist
Flow resistance or impedance in the range of about 0.01kPa/ (L/s) to about 0.1kPa/ (L/s), 60SLM to 900SLM (or
SLPM；Standard liter/min) fluid flow；And/or current limiter (8) is adjusted or is arranged so that in bypass fluid passage
(12) ratio of fluid flow and the fluid flow in main fluid passageway (5) in is about 1:10 to about 1:200.In other words,
Fluid flow in bypass channel (12) can be in the range of about 0.3SLM to about 90SLM.Therefore, flow resistance is 840SLM's
It is lower than maximum value 0.15kPa/ (L/s) under fluid flow, such as " Standardisation of spirometry " is (such as by beauty
Association, division of chest disease, state (ATS) or Europe breathing association (ERS) are in Eur Respir J 2005；Issued in 26:319-338) it is wanted
As asking.
In one embodiment, current limiter (8) is perforated disc (8.1), is had relative to the transversal of main fluid passageway (5)
Planar orientation, that is, fixing or motionless or immovable mechanical current limiter (8), perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of main fluid passageway (5)
Axis arrangement, and its diameter and the internal diameter of channel (5) match, to make fluid be only capable of flowing through the perforation of disk (8.1)
(8.2).In other words, the portable electronic spirometer (1) of the embodiment includes:
(a) tube-like interface pipe (2) have for the proximal openings (3) in the insertion registered permanent residence, distal openings (4), close
The main fluid passageway (5) extended between end opening (3) and distal openings (4), the first lateral openings (6), with the first side to opening
Mouthful (6) are separated by the second lateral openings (7) and current limiter (8) at certain fore-and-aft distance, and current limiter (8) is located at first and the
In main fluid passageway (5) between two lateral openings (6 and 7), wherein the current limiter (8) is perforated disc (8.1), with phase
For the transversal planar orientation of main fluid passageway (5)；And (b) main body (9), having can be with the first side of mouthpiece (2) to opening
The first fluid of mouth (6) connection is open (10), the second fluid opening that can be connect with the second lateral openings (7) of mouthpiece (2)
(11), the bypass fluid passage (12) extended between the first and second fluid openings (10 and 11) is located at bypass fluid passage
(12) the thermal fluid flow sensor based on MEMS that the fluid flow in response bypass fluid passage (12) generates signal is sentenced
(13,13.1,13.2), and with flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) connection for according to flow sensor (13,
13.1,13.2) signal generated calculates the microcontroller (14) of fluid flow.For example, with the venturi in traffic channel
Compare, perforated disc (8) is advantageous because it can be more easily replaced with for example adjust flow restriction value (such as at
People, children, baby).Optionally, mouthpiece (2) may include dedicated groove, in the transport and/or validity period of spirometer (1)
Between, perforated disc (8) may slide into interior to assemble or be fixed on mouthpiece (2) in the dedicated groove.Perforated disc (8) also allows
Maintain laminar air flow, this for avoid the uncertain turbulent flow in main fluid passageway (5) and bypass fluid passage (12) be to
It closes important.
In one embodiment, perforated disc (8.1) shows about 1 to about 100 perforation, or about 2 to about 100 perforation,
Or about 4 to about 100 perforation (8.2), or about 15 to about 100 perforation (8.2).For example, perforated disc (8.1) can show about
1 to about 24 perforation, or about 2 to about 21 perforation, or about 4 to about 18 perforation, or about 6 to about 12 perforation；Or about 30 to
About 85 perforation, or about 45 to about 70 perforation.These perforation (8.2) can be shaped as the sector of round or ellipse；Or
Their shape can be round, ellipse or polygon；Or they may show irregular shape.Optionally, more
It can be combined with each other in a kind of perforation of shape.Alternatively or additionally, these perforation (8.2) can show all perforation
(8.2) total combined area, the range of total combined area are main fluid passageways (5) at the position of perforated disc (8.1)
About the 26% Dao about 96% of cross-sectional area or about 39% to about 96% or about 26% to about 72%.In other words, perforated disc
(8.1) about the 26% to about 96% of cross-sectional area or about 39% to about 96% or about 26% to about 72% is aperture/wear
(area is also referred to as " perforation field " herein) in hole；For example, about 30% to about 96%, or about 39% to about 96% (such as
About 39%, or about 76%, or about 96%), or about 30% to about 60%, or from about 30% to about 50% (for example, about 30%), or
About 40% to about 50% (for example, about 43% or about 45%) is aperture/perforation.
For showing wearing for multiple round or hexagonal penetration holes (for example, in the range of about 15 to about 100 perforation)
Porose disc (8.1), from about 30% to about 60% lesser " perforation field " value is more common, but is not exclusively in this way.For presenting
The perforated disc (8.1) of less but bigger perforation out, from about 60% to about 96% biggish " perforation field " value is more common, but
It is not exclusively in this way.
For all embodiments, " perforation field " can by adjust the quantity of perforation and/or adjust perforation size or
Surface area controls.For these embodiments, middle punch is shaped by rib (8.3) or multiple ribs (8.3), and " perforation field " can
It is controlled by adjusting the quantity of rib and/or adjusting size or the surface area of rib.
In one embodiment, current limiter (8) is that have about 35 to about 80, or about 45 to about 70 perforation (8.2)
Perforated disc (8.1), show account for the total surface area of perforated disc (8.1) about 26% to about 96% " perforated surface face
Product ".In another embodiment, current limiter (8) is that have about 587mm2Total surface area and 55 perforation (8.2)
Perforated disc (8.1), shows about 175mm2" perforated surface area " or account for perforated disc (8.1) total surface area pact
30% " perforated surface area ".In another specific embodiment, perforation (8.2) is configured to regular hexagon, as shown in Fig. 3 A
Describe to example property.
In another embodiment, current limiter (8) is that have about 587mm2Total surface area and 37 perforation
(8.2) perforated disc (8.1), shows about 262mm2" perforated surface area " or account for the total surface face of perforated disc (8.1)
" the perforated surface area " of long-pending about 45%.In another specific embodiment, perforation (8.2) is configured to circular shape, such as schemes
Illustratively describe in 3B.
In another embodiment, current limiter (8) is perforated disc (8.1), and middle punch is shaped as round or ellipse
Circular sector, the sector are formed by rib or multiple ribs (8.3), cutting round or ellipse opening, entire straight across it
Diameter forms the fan-shaped perforation (8.2) that shape is round or oval.Round or ellipse opening can be by main fluid passageway
(5) internal cross section is formed.Alternatively, perforated disc (8.1) may include outer ring (8.4), the biggish outer diameter of outer ring (8.4) with
The internal diameter of the main fluid passageway (5) of spirometer (1) matches, and its lesser internal diameter limits central opening (for example, round
Or elliptical openings).In this embodiment, rib or multiple ribs (8.3) can extend from outer ring (8.4), and each rib (8.3) exists
Ring (8.4) are contacted at two points, so that round or ellipse central opening is to be split by rib (8.3) across its entire diameter
, and form forming and be round or oval fan-shaped perforation (8.2) (as illustratively described in Fig. 3 C).In addition, replacing
Dai Di, rib or multiple ribs (8.3) can extend from the outer ring (8.4) towards the center of the central opening, but each rib
(8.3) outer ring (8.4) only are contacted at a point, thus only partially rather than fully cutting central opening, and formed
The perforation (8.2) of irregular shape, as illustratively described in Fig. 3 D.
In the case where perforation is shaped as the sector of round or ellipse, round or ellipse described in cutting and it is crossed over
The rib (8.3) of entire diameter can have a width of about 0.1mm to about 4mm, or about 1mm is to the width of about 3mm, or about 1.5mm is extremely
The width of the width of about 2.5mm, such as 1.9mm, 1.95mm or 2mm.These ribs (8.3) can be straight, such as such as Fig. 3 C institute
Describe.
The embodiment (for example, as Fig. 3 D is discribed) of entire diameter is not extended across for rib or multiple ribs (8.3),
The rib or multiple ribs even can be wider；For example, about 0.1mm to about 15mm, or about 1mm to about 12mm, or about 1.5mm is to about
10mm, or about 1.7mm to about 8mm, or about 2mm to about 6mm.The rib or these ribs (8.3) can be straight, as Fig. 3 D describes
's.In addition, rectangular shape can be presented in the rib or these ribs (8.3), also as Fig. 3 D is discribed.
In one embodiment, current limiter (8) is that have about 587mm2Total surface area and by rib (8.3) cutting
The perforated disc (8.1) of 1-6 perforation (8.2) out, and it shows about 232-562mm2" perforated surface area " or account for
" the perforated surface area " of the about 39-96% of the total surface area of perforated disc (8.1).In another specific embodiment, current limliting
Device (8) is that have about 587mm2Total surface area and 1-6 perforation (8.2) perforated disc (8.1), the perforation (8.2) by
Rib (8.3) is syncopated as and disk (8.1) shows about 447mm2" perforated surface area " or account for the total surfaces of perforated disc (8.1)
" the perforated surface area " of about the 76% of area.In a more particular embodiment, current limiter (8) is that have about 587mm2It is total
The perforated disc (8.1) of surface area and 2-6 perforation (8.2), perforation (8.2) shape the sector being round or oval；For example,
6 perforation (8.2) are opened by 3 rib (8.3) cuttings extended from outer ring (8.4), as exemplary discribed in Fig. 3 C.
The embodiment that the size and shape of perforation (8.2) are limited using rib or multiple ribs (8.3) can be preferably,
Because with the signal of limited noise in the very smooth air-flow and main fluid passageway that they allow to have very little turbulent flow
(5).In addition, they are generally easy to prepare using such as molding or 3D printing technique.
" perforation field " about perforated disc (8.1), it should be understood that the area additionally depends on bypass fluid passage
(12) size, or adjusted relative to the size.It is larger if it is the cross-sectional area of bypass fluid passage (12), then it can be with
More air are rebooted here；Therefore, bigger " perforation field " should be also presented in perforated disc (8.1).Implement one
In scheme, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of " perforation field " and bypass fluid passage (12) of perforated disc (8.1) is about 150 to about
In the range of 350, such as 250.It should be appreciated, however, that as long as current limiter (8) causes the fluid stream in bypass fluid passage (12)
Amount is in about 1:10 to about 1:200 and/or bypass fluid passage (12) than the ratio of the fluid flow in main fluid passageway (5)
Fluid flow be about 0.3SLM to about 90SLM, " perforation field " of perforated disc (8.1) is transversal with bypass fluid passage (12)
The precision ratio of face area just has lower correlation.
Perforated disc (8.1) can be prepared by the technology of any perforation for being adapted to provide for desired shape and size,
The perforation is to provide range and wears needed for the flow resistance or impedance of about 0.01kPa/ (L/s) to about 0.2kPa/ (L/s)
Hole；And/or the ratio of the fluid flow in fluid flow ratio main fluid passageway (5) in bypass fluid passage (12) is caused to be about
Required for 1:10 to about 1:200.This can for example by using for example using such as laser cutting machine or water jet cutting machine,
Perforation (8.2) is cut or is die cut in disk (8.1) and realized by die-cutting machine, formed punch etc..Alternatively, disk (8.1) can mould or
Otherwise " positively (positively) " is formed, such as is formed by 3D printing technique.In other words, term " perforation "
The synonymous use with " opening " or " hole " etc. herein, is not meant to imply that and necessarily involves the specific of cutting, punching or punching press
Preparation method is also not meant to imply by removing material from blank disk and forms the similar techniques of perforation.
In order to advantageously allow for perforated disc (8.1) being molded as a single-piece, surveyed compared in such as industrial gasses flow
Those, modify to it used in amount application.In one embodiment, current limiter (8) is perforated disc (8.1), width
Or with a thickness of about 2mm to 4mm.In another embodiment, perforated disc (8.1) is molding or 3D printing, and is showed
The width or thickness of about 1mm to 4mm.In yet another embodiment, perforated disc (8.1) shows the width or thickness of about 1mm to 4mm
Degree, about 587mm2Total surface area and 2 to 6 perforation (8.2), it is described perforation (8.2) shape be round or oval
Sector, opened with rib (8.3) cutting of width about 1.5mm to about 2.5mm (such as 1.9mm or 2mm)；And account for perforated disc
(8.1) " the perforated surface area " of the about 39-96% (such as 76%) of total surface area.With round or ellipse is cut into
The perforated disc (8.1) of the straight rib of fan-shaped (such as being divided into 6 sectors) may be preferably as they are generally easy to mold or print
Brush.
In one embodiment, the main fluid along spirometer (1) between current limiter (8) and the first lateral openings (6)
The distance of the longitudinal axis in channel (5) is about 5mm to about 15mm, and preferably from about 8mm is to about 12mm, such as 10.0mm；Current limliting
The distance between device (8) and the second lateral openings (7) are about 25mm to about 45mm, preferably from about 30mm to about 40mm, such as
34.2mm.It should be understood, however, that as long as current limiter (8) causes the fluid flow ratio mainstream in bypass fluid passage (12)
The ratio of fluid flow in body channel (5) is the fluid stream in about 1:10 to about 1:200 and/or bypass fluid passage (12)
Amount is that about 0.3SLM to about 90SLM, current limiter (8) and the first and second sides just have to the accurate spacing between opening (6 and 7)
Lower correlation.
In one embodiment, the thermal fluid flow sensor (13) based on MEMS of spirometer (1) is bidirectional traffics
Sensor (13.1), so as to for example be measured in air-breathing and during exhaling.In this configuration, based on the hot-fluid of MEMS
Body flow sensor (13,13.1) can determine all relevant vital capacity determination parameters: FVC, FEV1, FEV1%、PEF、
FEF25-75%、FET、EVOL、ELA、VC、IVC、IC、ERV、FEV1/FVC%、FEV0.5、FEV0.5/FVC%、FEV0.75、FEV0.75/
FVC%、FEV2、FEV2/ FVC%, FEV3、FEV3/FVC%、FEV6、FEV1/FEV6%、FEF25%、FEF0.50%、FEF0.75%、
FEF75-85、FIVC、FIV1、FIV1/FIVC%、FIF0.25%、FIF50%.The parameter most often assessed is FVC, FEV, FEV1、PEF。
In a more particular embodiment, the thermal fluid flow sensor (13) based on MEMS is single chip CMOS flow sensing
Device (13.2；Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) comprising sensor chip, which includes the bubble of encapsulation, for adding
The micro-heater of thermal, more than first a thermoelectric piles positioned at the first side of bubble, and more than second heat positioned at bubble second side
Pile, second side are opposite with the first side.In preferred embodiments, thermoelectric pile be symmetrically positioned at micro-heater upstream and
Downstream, according to the temperature difference, can a) count so that thermoelectric pile is poor by displays temperature there are fluid stream or air-flow
Fluid operator flow, and can b) determine exhalation temperature；That is, this single chip CMOS flow sensor (13.2) also serves as breathing temperature
It spends sensor (26).Sensor chip can be installed along on printed circuit board with such as microcontroller (14), such as Fig. 4 institute
Show.
In a particular embodiment, thermal fluid flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) and microcontroller based on MEMS
(14) communication is realized by so-called spi bus (serial peripheral interface).
Thermal fluid flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2)-based on MEMS or hereinafter referred to as flow sensor (13,
13.1,13.2)-be located at bypass fluid passage (12), to be produced in response to the fluid flow in bypass fluid passage (12)
Raw signal.As described above, bypass fluid passage (12) extends to second fluid opening (11) from first fluid opening (10), because
This-be connected to each other as long as the main body (9) of tube-like interface pipe (2) and spirometer (1)-as long as also from the first of tube-like interface pipe (2)
Lateral openings (6) extend to the second lateral openings (7), so that mentioning between main fluid passageway (5) and bypass fluid passage (12)
For being in fluid communication.In one embodiment, bypass fluid passage (12) has parallel orientation and in the vertical of main fluid passageway (5)
Extend on part.This can for example find out in Fig. 2.
In one embodiment, spirometer (1) further includes acceleration transducer (15), is different from flow sensor
(13,13.1,13.2), as depicted in, for example, fig. 4.In other words, the portable electronic spirometer (1) of the embodiment includes:
(a) tube-like interface pipe (2) have for the proximal openings (3) in the insertion registered permanent residence, distal openings (4), close
The main fluid passageway (5) extended between end opening (3) and distal openings (4), the first lateral openings (6), with the first side to opening
Mouthful (6) are separated by the second lateral openings (7) and current limiter (8) at certain fore-and-aft distance, and current limiter (8) is located at first and the
In main fluid passageway (5) between two lateral openings (6 and 7)；(b) main body (9), having can be with the first of mouthpiece (2)
The first fluid of lateral openings (6) connection is open (10), the second that can be connect with the second lateral openings (7) of mouthpiece (2)
Body is open (11), the bypass fluid passage (12) extended between the first and second fluid openings (10 and 11), is located at by-pass
Sentence the thermal fluid flow based on MEMS that the fluid flow in response bypass fluid passage (12) generates signal in body channel (12)
Sensor (13,13.1,13.2), acceleration transducer (15,15.1), be different from based on MEMS heat flow sensor (13,
13.1,13.2), and with flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) connection for according to flow sensor (13,
13.1,13.2) signal generated calculates the microcontroller (14) of fluid flow.
It should be appreciated that the acceleration transducer (15) is preferably incorporated in spirometer (1) and/or as spirometer
(1) integral part, usually as a part of spirometer main body (9), such as on a printed circuit；In other words, add
Velocity sensor (15) is not provided separately with spirometer (1) or is arranged external in spirometer (1).Select this to be provided to ensure that
Acceleration transducer (15) with flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) difference while, still with flow sensor (13,
13.1,13.2) it is exposed to identical or closely similar external action (such as temperature, movement, vibration etc.)；And/or, it is ensured that it is reached
To sensitivity match with sensitivity needed for high-precision vital capacity determination.With flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) phase
Together, the acceleration transducer (15) and microcontroller (14) direct or indirect connection are come so that microcontroller (14) can receive
The signal of acceleration sensor (15).Acceleration transducer (15) for example can with such as flow sensor (13,13.1,
13.2) it is installed along on printed circuit board with microcontroller (14), as depicted in fig. 4.However, with flow sensor (13,
13.1,13.2) different, which is not attached on main fluid passageway (5), is nor connected to bypass fluid
Channel (12), to generate mainly signal relevant to vibration caused by the movement or acceleration by spirometer (1) or noise.
In a preferred embodiment, which includes:
(a) tube-like interface pipe (2) have for the proximal openings (3) in the insertion registered permanent residence, distal openings (4), close
The main fluid passageway (5) extended between end opening (3) and distal openings (4), the first lateral openings (6), with the first side to opening
Mouthful (6) are separated by the second lateral openings (7) and current limiter (8) at certain fore-and-aft distance, and current limiter (8) is located at first and the
In main fluid passageway (5) between two lateral openings (6 and 7), wherein the current limiter (8) is that have relative to main fluid passageway
(5) perforated disc (8.1) of transversal planar orientation；(b) main body (9), having can be with the first lateral openings of mouthpiece (2)
(6) first fluid connected is open (10), the second fluid opening that can be connect with the second lateral openings (7) of mouthpiece (2)
(11), the bypass fluid passage (12) extended between the first and second fluid openings (10 and 11) is located at bypass fluid passage
(12) the thermal fluid flow sensor based on MEMS that the fluid flow in response bypass fluid passage (12) generates signal is sentenced
(13,13.1,13.2), acceleration transducer (15,15.1) are different from flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2), Yi Jiyu
The signal for being generated according to flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) of flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) connection
Calculate the microcontroller (14) of fluid flow.
Current limliting perforated disc (8.1) in above-mentioned preferred embodiment can be any one previously described perforated disc
It (8.1), preferably include about 2 to about 100 perforation, or about 4 to about 100 perforation (8.2), or about 15 to about 100 are worn
The perforated disc (8.1) in hole (8.2)；For example, having about 587mm2Total surface area and " perforated surface area " be about 175mm2's
55 hexagonal penetration holes (8.2), or " perforated surface area " is about 262mm237 circular perforations (8.2), or " perforated surface
Area " is about 447mm2The perforated disc (8.1) of 6 fan-shaped perforation (8.2) that is round or oval of forming.
As described above, flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) by the movement or acceleration of spirometer (1) to for example being led
The vibration of cause or noise are very sensitive.Therefore, additional acceleration transducer (15) is not connected to main fluid passageway (5), also not
Bypass fluid passage (12) are connected to, and are incorporated in spirometer (1), especially the main body (9) in spirometer (1)
Interior, this makes it possible to correct fluid flow be calculated, because they detect the relevant vibration of this non-flow or noise,
And it can be subtracted from the fluid flow signal that flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) generate, and/or make it possible to test
The measurement of card flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) is carried out under conditions of suitable (such as without apparent noise).
In one embodiment, the microcontroller (14) of spirometer (1) be programmed to according to by flow sensor (13,
13.1,13.2) fluid flow of the signal and the signal calculating correction generated by acceleration transducer (15) that generate.It is specific one
In embodiment, microcontroller (14) and flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) and acceleration transducer (15,
15.1) it both connects, and is programmed to according to the signal of flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) generation and according to acceleration
Spend the fluid flow that the signal that sensor (15,15.1) generate calculates correction.
In a more particular embodiment, acceleration transducer (15) is 3 axle sensors (15.1), in three axis
Each, sensitivity (So) is at least 973 countings/g ± 5%；In general, the range of sensitivity is in 973 countings/g and 1075 countings/g
Between；Such as 1024 countings/g；For example, the MMA8491QR1 unit provided by Freescale Semidconductors.It should
MMA8491QR1 unit is the low pressure being accommodated in 3 × 3mm shell, 3 axis of multifunctional digital, 14 ± 8g acceleration
Meter, and universal internal IC bus (I can be passed through2C bus) or I2C interface is communicated with microcontroller (14).It is covered
The acceleration range of every axis ± 8, and can be from sensor readings, sensitivity 1mg/LSB.
It was surprisingly found that using the heat based on MEMS in the spirometer of the claimed invention (1)
Flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) and the acceleration transducer (15,15.1) combined and perforated disc (8.1) current limliting
Device is that spirometer (1) of the invention provides very high precision.In fact, it keeps equipment sensitive enough, it might even be possible to survey
The small movements that the air of tracheae is passed in and out as caused by heartbeat are measured, thus not only can be carried out expected complete vital capacity determination,
And it is able to achieve no new medical use before prior art spirometer；For example, carrying out the full vital capacity determination of high-precision
Meanwhile patient heartbeats' frequency can be monitored.It, in the past cannot be real using the mancarried device of the prior art according to the knowledge of inventor
Now so high precision, the mancarried device have the current limliting of known resistance by (for example, using differential pressure pick-up) measurement
Pressure difference before and after device assesses fluid flow by the rotation of turbine.
In addition, the equipment can be easily manufactured and manufacturing cost is low, it is enable to provide low price, lightweight, section
Energy but high-precision portable electronic spirometer (1) do not need big and/or weight energy source.
In one embodiment, acceleration transducer (15,15.1) is also used to measure the temperature of breathing；Similar to being based on
The thermal fluid flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) of MEMS.
In one embodiment, except acceleration transducer (15,15.1), electronic meter for vital capacity (1) further includes top
Spiral shell instrument.Gyroscope detects the level orientation of spirometer (1), and can be used for detecting during lung capacity surveys measurement operation and set
Standby non-vertical orientation.This, which makes it possible to alert user automatically, corrects his/her position, to further improve the matter of single operation
The Long-term analysis of amount and lung function parameter；The matter of especially unmanned supervision and/or the vital capacity determination operation of layman
Amount.
In one embodiment, spirometer (1) further includes heart rate sensor (16), oximetry sensor (17；?
Referred to as pulse oximetry sensor or SpO2 sensor), for measuring the temperature sensor (18) of environment temperature, atmospheric pressure
Force snesor (19) and/or moisture transducer (20；Also referred to as humidity sensor).In the one or more sensor (16-20)
Each directly or indirectly connect with microcontroller (14) so that microcontroller (14) can be from one or more sensors
Each of (16-20) receives signal.
In one embodiment, heart rate sensor (16) and oximetry sensor (17) are filled included in the same sensing
In setting, i.e. combination sensor for example as shown in Figure 2.In one embodiment, which is come from by reflection
(usually red (about 600-750nm) and infrared ray (about 780nm-1mm) be simultaneously for the light wave of two kinds of different wave lengths of blood vessel tissue
Emit the light of (that is, reflection or scattering) with the measurement of receptor photodiode to operate.In general, these combination sensors allow two
Kind operation mode: SpO2 (the red and interchangeable unlatching of infrared diode) or only heart rate (only infrared diode unlatching).More
In the embodiment of body, combined heart rate and oximetry sensor (16,17) are provided by Maxim Integrated
MAX30100 module.The system includes red diode, infrared diode and photodiode, and including I2C (TWI) number
The filter block and digital signal processing unit of interface.Communication with sensor allows to control the sampling parameter of two light emitting diodes
And electric current, thus a possibility that providing dynamic calibration output signal amplitude.Sample frequency range corresponds in 50Hz to 1kHz
Diode from 200 μ s to the lighting hours of 1600 μ s.
Optionally, oximetry sensor (17) (or combined heart rate and oximetry sensor (16,17)) quilt
It is contained in (1) main body (9) of spirometer, so that, when hand-held spirometer (1), being used during air-breathing and/or operation of exhaling
The finger at family covers blood oxygenation sensor (17) naturally, as shown in Figure 2.
In one embodiment, spirometer (1) includes all three environmental sensors, i.e. temperature sensor, atmospheric pressure
Force snesor and humidity sensor (18-20).In a more particular embodiment, one in these environmental sensors (18-20)
A or whole is provided 3.3V and via public I2C bus is communicated with microcontroller (14).
In one embodiment, temperature sensor (18) and humidity sensor (20) are included in the same sensing device,
Combination sensor i.e. as depicted in fig. 4；In one embodiment, combination sensor is the number provided by Sensirion
Word sensor SHT21D (version 3) allows to be up to 2Hz in 12 Measurement Resolution down-sampling frequencies.
In one embodiment, barometric pressure sensor (19), which is selected from, can measure at least about 800hPa to about 1100hPa,
Or any sensor of about 0.8 bar (bar) pressure to about 1.1bar；Preferably, it is specially designed for the sensing of mobile application
Device, such as piezoresistive pressure sensor.In a particular embodiment, barometric pressure sensor (19) is the number provided by Bosch
Word BMP280 sensor.
Positioning of three environmental sensors (18,19,20) on mainboard (27) is shown in FIG. 4.These environmental sensors
(18,19,20) can for example be used for the BTPS conversion (BTPS: saturation body temperature pressure) of FVC measured value；I.e. steam-laden,
Under body temperature and environmental pressure, lung capacity when best endeavors forced expiration is indicated with being upgraded to unit, is such as surveyed by ATS lung capacity
Required by calibration is quasi-, so as to be compared under different temperature, pressure and damp condition；I.e. environmental condition standardizes
(see, for example, " Standardisation of spirometry "；Eur Respir J 2005；26:319–338).
In one embodiment, microcontroller (14) is with the so-called on piece on printed circuit board (PCB) as depicted in fig. 4
The form of system (SoC) unit provides, and printed circuit board (PCB) is also referred to as mainboard (27).In a particular embodiment, microcontroller
Device (14) is nRF51822-QFAC (rev.3) the SoC unit that can be obtained from Nordic Semiconductor, and is provided
There is ARM Cortex-M0 core comprising BLE radio module, built-in 256kB flash memory and 32kBRAM.
In one embodiment, spirometer (1) further includes communication device, preferred wireless communication device, and more preferably
Radio communications set (21), so as to spirometer (1) is connected to user personal computer and/or smart phone or appoint
What he is suitable for the computing unit of collection, storage, analysis, exchange and/or display data.Communication device is for exchanging and passing through lung
Meter (1) living, the related data of fluid flow preferably generated by the microcontroller (14) of spirometer (1).
It is wirelessly connected or especially radio connection can operate during measurement, so that real-time display be allowed to measure day
Phase.Alternatively, spirometer (1) can later point be connected to user personal computer and/or his intelligence electricity
Any measuring and storage data are transmitted or are copied to computer and/or smart phone from spirometer (1) by words.?
In one specific embodiment, radio communications set (21) is bluetooth connection (21.1), for example, bluetooth 4.0 connects.In another tool
In body embodiment, radio communications set (21) is so-called near-field communication (NFC) device (21.2) or WLAN
(WLAN) device (21.3).Optionally, different types of radio communications set (21) can combine in an equipment, for example,
Bluetooth connection (21.1) and NFC device (21.2) together, as Fig. 4 mainboard (27) on it is discribed.
The parameter measured is digitized, and the personal computer and/or smart phone or any of user are then wirelessly transmitted to
Other computing units are suitable for collection, storage, analysis, exchange and/or display data, long-range optionally by one or more
Data server (also referred to as ' cloud ') carry out.About cloud, it should be appreciated that lungs different from other prior art devices, of the invention
Cloud (but not needing it operate equipment can) can be used also to execute measurement and/or obtain result in meter (1) living；All meters
Calculation is all locally completed on smart phone.
Alternatively, or except radio communications set (21,21.1,21.2,21.3), lung capacity
Counting (1) can also include cable communication device (22), such as USB connection (22.1) via universal serial bus.
These communication devices (wireless or use cable connection) can be further used for firmware update.
In one embodiment, spirometer (1) further includes RAM (random access memory) and flash memory, is surveyed to store
Measure data.
As described above, spirometer (1) may be coupled to the personal computer and/or his smart phone of user, to divide
The spirometry data that analysis, visualization and storage measure；Preferably by using proprietary and prospective medicine algorithm dedicated
Spirometer application program (' app') carry out；Or as other available existing health care applications of iOS or Android phone
" add-on assemble " integrated in program, such as GoogleFit, HealthKit, CareKit etc. (are used as connection electronic third-party
The individual of accessory and the application program of central data collection point, electronic third-party accessory are used for medical treatment and general body-building purpose,
Middle user can for example create the medical ID with important medical details).
The vertical application specially enjoyed is used to receive the signal from spirometer (1), real-time measurement and analysis as a result, aobvious
Show parameter appropriate, stores past as a result, providing diagnosis support, generation is beaten for saving paper/computer format log
Printed text part (such as PDF), and may be selected to send result to doctor.By means of portable electronic spirometer (1) and relevant
Application program, user therefore can by ratio such as in hospital environment it is for example achievable in a manner of in the way of more dense cooperation
(close-meshed manner) tracks their personal breathing parameter and responsiveness and adequacy to drug.
In one embodiment, the collected data (up to 1,000,000 result) from spirometer (1) are to remember
The form of the history of record is stored in the local internal database of application program so that even if in the case where user is offline data
It is also easy to be used by user.If user has unloaded application program, the database also will be deleted；But Android's is standby
The CloudKit of part and iOS service allow user to copy persistence application data to long-range cloud storage, to be application
Program data and setting provide restoration point.When executing factory reset or being converted to new equipment, system can reinstalled
Automatically restore Backup Data when application program, so that user is without reappearing pervious data or setting.Alternatively, or in addition to this
Except ground storage, " selection is added " option of cloud storage as user can also be provided.
Optionally, using spirometer (1) measure and collect data can further with geodata and multiple users
Data combination, then on the remote server concentrate analysis, so as under conditions of given area and time be such as asthma
Patient or autopath create the map of specific change.Frame, the frame are provided by the data that this geo-location is collected
It is for creation analysis knowledge, data are associated with specific region, and-in the case where thinking suitable situation-it is used for given area
User and/or doctor in domain provide the knowledge, for example, personal computer and/or smart phone to be sent to them
It is provided about the form of imminent acute attack and/or the alarm of increased allergy risk.It will be user with anonymous way
This optional function is provided and this optional function is supplied to user.
Spirometer (1) can also provide a user stimulus messages, carry out self-management so as to guide them.It can be with
Immediate feedback is provided a user when executing spirometer measurement (for example, the sense of hearing or vision), so that can indicate and/or promote
User carries out desired lung capacity measurement breathing operation, such as quickly exhales at the time of correct.This is considered as spirometer
Unique distinction because how correct during actual measurement or breathing operation will not train user for other commercially available spirometers
Ground executes vital capacity determination, and/or what improves in next operation.The feedback and/or motivator are particularly helpful to nothing
Supervision uses.
In addition, spirometer (1) can be with prediction based on the data mining and machine learning algorithm that include in dedicated app
Mode identify may, clinical and environmental pattern associated with for example imminent asthma attack and/or progression of disease (such as
Temperature, pressure and ambient air humidity).Finally, therefore user can eliminate or at least reduce because acute and chronic deterioration is drawn
The serious hospitalization risen.However, as described above, the inspection of respiration parameter may also facilitate the training that sportsman monitors them
Progress or smoker monitor the benefit of smoking cessation.
In one embodiment, spirometer (1) is operated with long-life batteries, and the long-life batteries such as lithium ion polymerize
Object (LiPo) battery or lithium ion (LiOn) battery.Compared with small size and rapid charge, LiPo battery has higher capacity.
In one embodiment, battery is the LiPo battery for the 3.7V/300mAh that can be charged (again)；For example, LP-402933-IS-
3 batteries have the built-in NTC10 kilo-ohms of thermistor and transistor for preventing overload.When spirometer (1) is connected, low voltage difference
(LDO) type voltage-stablizer then provide 150mA continuous current and 3.3V DC output voltage for example to microcontroller (14) and
All the sensors (13,15-20).In one embodiment, voltage-stablizer is mono- by the TPS706 of Texas Instrument (TI) offer
Member.In addition, if the voltage of certain components of guiding spirometer (1) is no more than particular value, (such as microcontroller (14) is adopted
The voltage of sample is no more than 1.2V), then it can use divider.
In one embodiment, battery by induction NFC charging system and/or passes through USB or mini USB connector
(22.1) it charges.In a particular embodiment, the basic module of wireless charging module is mono- by the 5W of Texas Instrument (TI) offer
First (BQ51050B), charges to maximum voltage 4.2V.Receiving coil (Wurth Elektronik coil 760308103205)
It is connected to the unit, inductance is 11 μ H.The unit includes LiPo and LiOn battery charger, has and uses NTC thermistor
The function of (10kohm) monitoring temperature.It additionally provides a possibility that selecting priority for charging source；For example, if passing through connection
Mini USB port provide USB charging, then charhing unit will stop wireless charging and be switched to USB charging.In another specific reality
It applies in scheme, the basic element of character of charging module is the BQ24040 unit provided by Texas Instrument (TI), LiPo and LiOn battery fills
Electric appliance charges to the voltage of 4.2V.Maximum charging current is 800mA, and for 300mAh battery (such as in lung capacity
Count (1) an embodiment used in battery) equipment, maximum charge initial charge current default value be 300mA.
It is responsible for the module of detection charging source (such as wirelessly and USB) also according to needing to execute automatic starting lung during charging
The task of meter (1) living, notifies user's charged state will pass through LED (23.1)；That is, user is without going through ON/OFF (ON/
OFF) button (25) manually boots spirometer (1) to check charged state.Microcontroller (14) is filled using the module to check
Power supply and state, and user can also be provided this information to by app.After charging complete, equipment will be automatically shut down.
In one embodiment, the main body (9) of spirometer (1) is further equipped with optics (23) and/or acoustics (24) signal
Sending device provides such as open/close state, battery status etc. using relevant information to user.In a specific embodiment
In, the main body (9) of spirometer (1) is equipped with light emitting diode (LED), such as is arranged in the groups of indigo plant at the top of main body (9)
Color LED (23.1), as depicted in Figure 2.LED shows specific status information, such as equipment starting, data transmission, battery electricity
Amount deficiency (such as the flashing of all diodes) or battery charging state (such as diode continuous illumination).
In a more particular embodiment, directly controlling for these LED is provided by TLC59108 unit.Each diode is only
The electric current (being specifically dependent upon luminous intensity) of about 5mA is consumed, and microcontroller (14) is capable of providing the largest of about electric current of 120mA.It is micro-
Controller (14) can also use built-in PWM module (pulse width modulation) that brightness of illumination is arranged, and setting has specific frequency
The diode flash pattern of rate and illumination ON/OFF duration.
In one embodiment, spirometer (1) shows the average energy of no more than about 90mA in total during its operation
Amount consumption or current drain.Preferably, even if all light emitting diodes (LED) are all illuminated, average energy consumption is also no more than
About 50mA.On average, about 120 can be operated in stand-by mode equipped with the spirometer (1) of the 300mAh battery newly to charge
It, can operate single user about 56 days, and when for example in the office of doctor for that can operate about 5.6 when multiple patients
It.The estimation time continuously to run without interruption in one-shot battery charging is about 6 hours.In other words, lung capacity of the invention
Meter (1) not only allows for carrying out lung capacity measurement with very high precision, and has high energy efficiency simultaneously, to reduce to valuableness
And the demand of heavy energy source.
The main component with user's skin contact of spirometer (1), i.e. tube-like interface pipe (2) and main body (9), Ke Yiyou
Any biocompatible materials preparation comprising biocompatible polymer.In one embodiment, use is biocompatible
PolyJet photopolymer (MED610) is a kind of rigid medical material, suitably exceeds chronic skin contact and most in 30 days
Long 24 hours short-term mucosal contacts, and be suitable for rapid prototyping and make.MED610 has high-dimensional stability and colourless
Lightness.Also polycarbonate-ISO (PC-ISO) can be used, be a kind of high-strength thermoplastic material, respective pure form is biology
It is compatible and can pass through γ radiation or ethylene oxide (sterilizing methods ET0) sterilizing.PC-ISO is commonly used in packaged pharmaceuticals and doctor
Treat the manufacture of instrument.
As previously mentioned, the front end of tube-like interface pipe, the i.e. end including proximal openings are optionally configured to tube-like interface
The removable section of pipe, to allow to remove the front end portion of mouthpiece；For example, being connect in the lip and/or tongue with user
It cleaned, abandoned and is replaced after touch.In this disposable front end portion (or other disposable portions needed for more patients setting
Point) in the case where, material may also include simpler biocompatible materials, such as cardboard.Alternatively or additionally, mouthpiece
Detachable front end portion airborne particle, saliva drop and/or thin can be removed equipped with one or more filters
Bacterium；To further decrease the risk for polluting the sensitively thermal fluid flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) based on MEMS.This
Kind filter tip-mouthpiece inexpensive can obtain, therefore can be each patient's replacement in more patient environmentals.
Optionally further, spirometer can be supplied to user together with nose clip, to enable a user to carry out lung
Block nose when measurement living.In one embodiment, nose clip and spirometer are provided as external member, external member optionally further comprising
About spirometer and/or the proper use of readable specification of nose clip.In second aspect, the present invention provides one kind for surveying
The method for measuring the health parameters of people experimenter, these health parameters are selected from:
A) forced vital capacity (FVC),
B) forced expiratory volume (FEV), such as the forced expiratory volume (FEV in 1 second1),
C) Peak expiratory flow (PEF),
D) forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75) of forced expiratory flow (FEF), the e.g. 25%-75% of FVC,
E) maximal breathing capacity (MVV),
F) average expiration flow,
G) slow vital capacity (SVC),
H) functional residual capacity, FRC (FRC),
I) expiratory reserve volume (ERV) (ERV),
J) maximum expiration speed,
K) forced suction (FIV in forced suction (FIV), such as 1 second1),
L) forced suction lung capacity (FIVC),
M) peak inspiration flow (PIF),
Or any combination of these parameters (for example, air-breathing Tiffeneau value: FIV1/FIVC), this method include the people by
The step of examination person carries out breathing operation by portable electronic spirometer (1) as described above.Actual breathing operates and shows
There is the spirometer of technology to execute identical；Concrete condition will depend on practical lung function parameter to be determined.Example can be
Such as by " the Standardisation of published by American Thoracic association (ATS) or European respiratory system association (ERS)
Spirometry " is (referring to Eur Respir J 2005；26:319-338) or ISO 26782:2009 (regulation is for for commenting
Estimate the requirement of the spirometer of the lung function of the people more than 10 kilograms) in find.
In addition to complete vital capacity determination, spirometer (1) provides further potential answer under various clinical settings
With or purposes.For example, spirometer (1) can be used for dyspneic antidiastole；I.e. the equipment allows to distinguish cardiogenic breathing
It is difficult to have difficulty in breathing with respiratory system.When patient allows access into emergency ward because of pectoralgia and expiratory dyspnea, this is usually by being preced with
Shape cerebral arterial insufficiency (ischemic), heart failure (stethemia) or bronchial obstruction (COPD) cause.In general, about 30% ischemic
The significant overlapping of property heart disease (coronary artery disease) patient and COPD patient hinders antidiastole.Spirometer (1) makes
It will appreciate that spirometer parameter will be abnormal in this case with the presence or absence of apparent obstruction.Therefore, if spirometric parameters just
Often, and cardiac parameters are not, then pectoralgia and other symptoms are most likely cardiogenic, and vice versa, and symptom is likely to prop up
Caused by tracheae.If respiration parameter and cardiac parameters are neither normal, pectoralgia and expiratory dyspnea are supplied by coronary artery
Caused by blood deficiency (ischemic), heart failure (stethemia) or the combination of bronchial obstruction (COPD).
In this aspect, it should be appreciated that such antidiastole can also be carried out using prior art device.However,
The common desk-top spirometer of hospital is usually quite big, needs the longer set-up time.In contrast, small handheld lung capacity
It is more practical to count (1), and needs the shorter set-up time, it is made to be more suitable for first aid and/or intensive care unit.
In addition, spirometer (1) is used for hospital during can assessing before the tube drawing to breathing patient, this is to prevent tube drawing
One key factor of failure.Spirometer (1) can be used for autonomous respiration effect to determine intubated patient in the following manner:
Or by flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) directly apply to intubation and/or by by spirometer (1) be intubated couple,
So that when closing ventilator, measurement passes through fluid flow caused by autonomous respiration.
In addition, the assessment of sudden cardiac arrest patient needs to assess the electrical activity and Hemodynamics function of heart, blood is dynamic
Mechanics function is assessed usually using pulse.However, in the trouble with peripheral arterial disease and/or with serious periphery oedema
In person, although heart has the function of good Hemodynamics, it is likely difficult to feel pulse.Spirometer (1) makes it possible to
By (discreet) air movement very careful in sensing lung caused by heartbeat and tracheae come the receipts of indirect assessment heart
Contracting.
In the third aspect, the present invention provides a kind of system, which includes:
Portable electronic spirometer (1) according to the first aspect of the invention, and
- the first air quality measuring device comprising be suitable for the portable electronic spirometer (1) and/or with it is individual
Computing unit carries out the communication device of data exchange, and equipped with for determining the position of the first air quality measuring device
One or more air quality sensors of the air quality at place are set, the air quality sensor is preferably chosen from humidity sensor
Device, temperature sensor, barometric pressure sensor, MOS type gas sensor (Metal-oxide-semicondutor), air-borne particle sensing
Device, pollen sensor, ozone (O3) sensor, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor, sulfur dioxide (SO2) sensor and carbon monoxide
(CO) sensor, and optionally
Individual computing unit, suitable at least collect and analyze spirometer (1) according to the first aspect of the invention and from
The data that the first air quality measuring device obtains.
It is related with the lung function reduction of health adult and children known to air pollution, and to different acute and chronic lungs
Sick (such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis and cystic fibrosis (CF)) has an adverse effect.Air is dirty
Dye can trigger lung cells reaction, so as to cause cytotoxicity, inflammation and mutagenesis.Compared with the bronchial epithelial cells of health, come
The oxidation that the particulate matter of airborne much relatively low-doses is induced from the bronchial epithelial cell of the patient with tuberculosis
It stress be highly sensitive with Apoptosis.It therefore, is still progression of disease to the kickback of oxidative stress caused by air pollution
With the basis of deterioration.This pathomechanism is confirmed in observational study, should be studies have shown that putting down in the year of air pollution exposure
Horizontal a possibility that reducing and deteriorate with lung function, increases related.Pulmonary exacerbation can seriously affect Disease Spectrum, to lung function,
Quality of life, health department cost have a negative impact.
In particular, particulate matter (PM), pollen, ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide
(CO) it has been confirmed as unhealthful major pollutants.For example, the death rate or disease incidence (daily and at any time) increase with it is sudden and violent
Being exposed to high concentration may be inhaled (2.5-10 μm of coarse granule；) and (≤2.5 μm of inhalable fine grained PM10；PM2.5 exist between)
Close quantitative relationship.In fact, PM10 and PM2.5 pollution can have an impact health at very low concentrations；
In fact, not finding such threshold value, i.e., Health cost is not observed below such threshold value.Thus, for example the world
The guide that health organization (WHO) is issued aims at alap PM concentration, and suggests that annual maximum average value is 10 μ g/m3
(PM2.5) or 20 μ g/m3(PM10), 24 hours maximum average values are 25 μ g/m3(PM2.5) or 50 μ g/m3(PM10)。
In addition, excessive ozone (O in air3) human health can be made a significant impact.It can cause breathing problem, draw
Asthma is sent out, lung function is reduced and causes pulmonary disease.In Europe, it is one of air pollutants of greatest concern at present.It is some
European Studies is reported that 10 μ g/m of the every increase of ozone exposure3, daily mortality rising 0.3%, deaths from heart disease rate rises
0.4%.The 8 hourly average maximum value of guideline recommendation is 100 μ g/m3。
Epidemiological study shows that the symptom of asthmatic children bronchitis increases and is exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NO for a long time2)
It is related.When short-term concentration is more than 200 μ g/m3, it is even toxic, leads to air flue extensive inflammation.The guideline recommendation 1 hour flat
Equal maximum value is 200 μ g/m3。
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) it will affect respiratory system and lung function, so as to cause respiratory inflammation, and cause to cough,
Mucous secretion increases, and asthma and chronic bronchitis exacerbation and respiratory tract infection risk increase.Studies have shown that being as short as 10 points
The exposure duration of clock has increased Change of Pulmonary Function of Patients with Asthma and the changed ratio of Respiratory symptoms.In SO2Pollution
Under the level down to 0.25ppm bronchoconstriction can occur for the asthmatic subjects moved in air in a few minutes.
Lung function parameter such as FEV1 is in response to being only exposed to 0.4ppm SO2To 1.0ppm SO2And it reduces.In addition, the death rate and due to the heart
Admission rate is in SO caused by popular name for2Level is higher than 24 hours maximum average values, the 20 μ g/m suggested3Or 10 minutes suggested are maximum flat
500 μ g/m of mean value3When increasing daily.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is still the strongest air pollutants of the second largest correlation for causing asthma to be hospitalized.
First air quality measuring device is for generating data relevant to air quality (or lacking air quality), example
Such as, and at any given time, at the position of the first air quality measuring device, such as spirometer (1) is being used
In the family of subject, the property and/or the relevant data of degree of air pollutants (ozone, pollen, particulate matter etc.).
For this purpose, the first air quality measuring device includes passing selected from humidity sensor, temperature sensor, atmospheric pressure
Sensor, MOS type gas sensor (Metal-oxide-semicondutor), air-borne particle sensor, pollen sensor, ozone (O3) pass
Sensor, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor, sulfur dioxide (SO2) one of sensor and carbon monoxide (CO) sensor or a variety of
Sensor.(in other words, each measurand uses a sensor) can be provided separately in these sensors.Alternatively, may be used
With combination sensor, so that a sensor is used for multiple measurands.Be described below the exemplary of these sensors and
Non-limiting embodiments.
In one embodiment, humidity sensor, temperature sensor and pressure sensor can provide in combination.
In a particular embodiment, sensor isBME280 sensor, a kind of low-power consumption, small-sized (2.5 × 2.5 ×
0.93mm), high-performance combination, Digital Humidity-pressure-and temperature sensor.Humidity sensor is within the scope of very wide temperature
The response time being exceedingly fast and high overall precision are provided.Pressure sensor is absolute pressure sensor, with high precision and
Resolution ratio and extremely low noise.Integrated temperature sensor is by optimization, to realize lowest noise and highest resolution.Its is defeated
It is used for the temperature-compensating of pressure and humidity sensor out, and can also be used for estimation environment temperature.
In one embodiment, MOS type gas sensor isTGS8100 air quality sensor, packet
Include the integrated heater on sensor chip and silicon substrate with Metal-oxide-semicondutor (MOS) layer.Sensor pocket exists
In standard surface mount ceramic package, and only need the heater power consumption of 15mW.There are detectable gas (such as hydrogen,
Ethyl alcohol, carbon monoxide (CO), iso-butane, methane, smoke from cigarette, kitchen odor etc.) in the case where, sensor conductance rate is according to sky
Gas concentration in gas and increase.The variation of conductivity can be converted into believing corresponding to the output of gas concentration by simple circuit
Number.
In one embodiment, air-borne particle sensor isGP2Y1030AU0F, a kind of airborne grain of high sensitivity
Sub- sensor (also referred to as dust sensor), using built-in miniature computer and can detecte for example particulate matter (such as PM2.5 and
PM10 the optical sensor system of optical sensor) is operated.Infrared light-emitting diode (IRED) and phototransistor are diagonal
Ground is arranged in the sensor, anti-by the DEP driven particle capture of such as dust and/or smoke from cigarette etc to be detected using sensor
The light penetrated, sensor can distinguish both dust and smoke from cigarette by the pulse mode of output voltage.
In one embodiment, ozone (O3) sensor be small size (15 × 15 × 3mm) printing ozone sensor, example
Such as the 3SP-O3-20 sensor of SPEC sensor (SPEC sensors).
In one embodiment, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor is electrochemical sensor, such as Figfaro FECS42-
20 sensors.
In one embodiment, sulfur dioxide (SO2) sensor is amperometric sensors, also mentioned by SPEC sensor
For；That is, a kind of generation and SO at work (or sensing) electrode2The proportional current electrochemical sensing of the percent by volume of gas
Device.Other than work (or sensing) electrode and its to electrode, sensor further includes reference electrode, to improve stability, noise
Than and the response time.
In a preferred embodiment, the first air quality measuring device be not only responsible for by its built-in sensors generate with
The relevant data of air quality also serve as the cradle or Docking station of at least portable electronic spirometer (1), preferably
It is near-field communication (NFC) recharging base.Like this, spirometer (1) only needs to be placed on the top of the first air quality measuring device
It charges in portion；For example, overnight.
Other than the sensor for determining air quality, the first air quality measuring device further include microcontroller and
Communication device, preferably wireless communication device, and be further preferably bluetooth connection, such as bluetooth 4.0.Specific real
It applies in scheme, microcontroller is the nRF51422-CEAA produced by Nordic Semiconductor comprising there is 256kB
32 of flash memory and 32kB RAMCortexTMM0 central processing unit (CPU) and inserted 2 .4GHz transmitting-receiving
Device.Microcontroller allowsLow-power consumption (BLE；It is formerly referred to as Bluetooth Smart) and ANTTMIt is wirelessly connected.
Ceramic antenna for bluetooth 2.4GHz, which is used to improve, to be received and more stable connection.
As described above, individually computing unit is suitable at least collecting and analyzing from spirometer (1) and the first air quality
The data that measuring device obtains.The purposes of independent computing unit is data for allowing to obtain from spirometer (1) and from first
The data (and optionally other data) that air quality measuring device obtains are compared and/or correlation, deeper to obtain
The pathogenesis of such as respiratory disease is seen clearly on ground；For example, with the lung capacity pulmonary function test (pft) that will be run by spirometer (1)
Poor outcome number of days it is associated with the air quality data measured in these number of days by the first air quality measuring device.
For this purpose, in one embodiment, individual computing unit includes dividing with for executing data collection and data
The microcontroller (for example, microcontroller of so-called system on chip (SoC) unit form on printed circuit board (PCB)) of analysis
The communication device of coupling；With data storage device (for example, random access memory (RAM) and/or flash memory), so as to store to
Collected and/or analysis the data that few spirometer (1) and the first air quality measuring device obtain (shortly after that claim respectively
For " spirometer data " and " the first air quality data ") and other optional data.
In addition, individually computing unit generally includes to be suitable for and the user of present system (such as the use of spirometer (1)
Family, his/her doctor or caregiver) communication interface, and to user provide about any " spirometer data " and " first
The information of air quality data " and by comparing and/or association " spirometer data " and " the first air quality data " obtain
The information obtained.In one embodiment, which is visual displays.
In one embodiment, individual computing unit includes wireless communication device, preferably radio communications set；
Such as bluetooth connection or near-field communication (NFC) device.
In one embodiment, individual computing unit is personal computer (including laptop computer and hand-held PC)
And/or smart phone.
In another embodiment, which may include two or more independent computing units, be optionally individual
The form of computer (including laptop computer and hand-held PC) and/or smart phone.
In one embodiment, individual computing unit is also communicably coupled to one or more remote data servers.
The remote server can be used for storing and analyzing " spirometer data " and " the first air quality data ", by comparing and/
Or information and other optional data that association " spirometer data " and " the first air quality data " obtains.
In a preferred embodiment, proprietary software is provided on independent computing unit and/or long-range date server
Application program (" app "), to execute the comparison and/or association of at least " spirometer data " and " the first air quality data ".
In a particular embodiment, app is also programmed to execute further task, such as shows to the user of present system
Information that " spirometer data ", " the first air quality data " and/or comparison from them and/or correlation obtain (for example,
By the interfaces of one or more computing units to the graphic rendition of data)；The data and letter are monitored over time
Breath and the drug of user；Create the printable file format of any data analysis result；It sends to remind or alert to user and lead to
Know (such as related with administration time point, smoke warning etc.)；And/or with health care provider (such as doctor, nursing staff,
The other users (optionally in the form of anonymous) of health care organisation and/or " app ") shared information.
Optionally, system as described above further includes nose clip, to allow user to stop nose when carrying out lung capacity measurement
Son.Still optionally further, which further includes the readable explanation about proper use of spirometer and/or nose clip.
In one embodiment, system as described above further includes the second air quality measuring device, be suitable for it is portable
Formula electronic meter for vital capacity (1) and/or data exchange is carried out with individual computing unit, and equipped with one or more air matter
Quantity sensor is preferably chosen humidity sensor, temperature sensor, barometric pressure sensor, MOS type gas sensor (gold
Category-Oxidc-Semiconductor), air-borne particle sensor, pollen sensor, ozone (O3) sensor, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensing
Device, sulfur dioxide (SO2) sensor and carbon monoxide (CO) sensor, to determine at the second air quality device location measurement
Air quality.Other than the first air quality measuring device, or optionally replace the first air quality measuring device (example
Such as, when advancing), the second air quality measuring device can also be used.About selected sensor, can apply and needle
To identical regulation described in above-mentioned first air quality measuring device.
Different from usually more static the first air quality measuring device (for example, it is arranged in user family), second is empty
Gas quality measurement apparatus can be easier to carry, because it is smaller than the first equipment and more compact.For example, the second air quality is surveyed
Amount equipment can have the size for allowing for example to be connected to key chain, and the first air quality measuring device can have similar to outside
The size and shape (for example, about 7cm-17cm long and about 4cm-8cm wide) of hard disk drive.Like this, if using lung capacity
The subject for counting (1) wants to determine air quality, then the second air quality measuring device can be used for example in travelling, or
The equipment can at work, in automobile or any other it is interested place use.Second air quality can also be measured
Equipment is placed on outside.
In one embodiment, the independent computing unit of system as described above is also collected and analyzed from the second air quality
The data that measuring device obtains.In such a case, it is possible to identical in a manner of the data obtained with processing from the first equipment
Mode handles the data (referred to as " the second air quality data ") obtained from the second air quality measuring device；Such as with ' lung
Meter data living ' be compared and/or be associated.
In one embodiment, individual computing unit can be used at least obtaining from the first air quality measuring device
The geo-location of air quality data and the air quality data optionally obtained from the second air quality measuring device.It can be with
Geographic positioning functionality is provided for all users, is provided preferably in the form of anonymous, to retain the privacy of each user.Based on this
Function, system of the invention can be provided a user for example (for example, about that may influence their lung function and/or exhale
Inhale healthy smog, pollen and/or other anaphylactogens) warning, and/or create the geographical map of all users and given any
The variation for the respective lung function and/or respiratory health situation of fixing time.Therefore, use can be provided by the data that geo-location is collected
The frame of the even knowledge of further analysis of the data provided by constructing, for example, with specific region, particular weather phenomenon etc.
Correlation.
It means that method according to a second aspect of the present invention can by using system according to a third aspect of the present invention
To be supplemented with additional data, such as data related with air quality (pollutant, ozone etc.) and/or geolocation data, from
And allow the health parameters (such as FVC, FEV or PEF) by people experimenter associated with these additional datas.
In other words, in fourth aspect, the present invention provides a kind of for measuring the one or more health of people experimenter
The method of parameter, the health parameters are selected from: (a) forced vital capacity (FVC), (b) forced expiratory volume (FEV), such as the use in 1 second
Expiratory volume (FEV1), (c) Peak expiratory flow (PEF), (d) forced expiratory flow (FEF), the e.g. 25%-75% of FVC
Forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75), (e) maximal breathing capacity (MVV), (f) average expiration flow, (g) slow vital capacity
(SVC), (h) functional residual capacity, FRC (FRC), (i) expiratory reserve volume (ERV) (ERV), (j) maximum expiration speed, (k) forced suction
(FIV), the forced suction (FIV such as in 1 second1), (l) forced suction lung capacity (FIVC), (m) peak inspiration flow
(PIF) or any combination of these parameters (for example, air-breathing Tiffeneau value: FIV1/FIVC), this method includes the people
The step of subject carries out breathing operation by spirometer (1) as the first aspect of the present invention as described above；Wherein,
One or more of health parameters and the air quality data derived from the system as described above as third aspect present invention
It is related to optional geolocation data.
Claims (24)
1. a kind of portable electronic spirometer (1) comprising:
(a) tube-like interface pipe (2), have
Proximal openings (3) for being inserted into the mouth of user,
Distal openings (4),
The main fluid passageway (5) extended between the proximal openings (3) and the distal openings (4),
- the first lateral openings (6),
- the second lateral openings (7) are located in and are separated by fore-and-aft distance with first lateral openings (6), and
Current limiter (8), the mainstream being positioned between first lateral openings (6) and second lateral openings (7)
In body channel (5)；With
(b) main body (9), have
First fluid is open (10), can connect with first lateral openings (6) of the mouthpiece (2),
Second fluid is open (11), can connect with second lateral openings (7) of the mouthpiece (2),
Bypass fluid passage (12) extends between first fluid opening (10) and second fluid opening (11),
Thermal fluid flow sensor (13) based on MEMS, is located at bypass fluid passage (12), in response to institute
It states the fluid flow in bypass fluid passage (12) and generates signal, and
The microcontroller (14) connecting with the flow sensor (13), is used for according to the flow sensor (13)
The signal of generation calculates the fluid flow.
2. spirometer according to claim 1 further includes communication device, the communication device be used for by described
What spirometer (1) generated, the fluid flow preferably generated by the microcontroller (14) of the spirometer (1) is related
The exchange of data.
3. spirometer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the current limiter (8) shows flow resistance about
In the range of 0.01kPa/ (L/s) to about 0.2kPa/ (L/s), preferably in about 0.01kPa/ (L/s) to about 0.15kPa/ (L/
S) in the range of, more preferably in the range of about 0.01kPa/ (L/s) to about 0.1kPa/ (L/s), fluid flow be 60SLM extremely
900SLM。
4. spirometer (1) according to any one of claim 1 to 3, wherein the current limiter (8) is adjusted or structure
It causes so that fluid flow of the fluid flow ratio in the main fluid passageway (5) in the bypass fluid passage (12) is about
1:10 to about 1:200.
5. spirometer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the current limiter (8) is perforated disc
(8.1), there is the transversal planar orientation relative to the main fluid passageway (5).
6. spirometer (1) according to claim 5, wherein
The perforated disc (8.1) has about 1 to about 100 perforation (8.2), or about 2 to about 100 perforation, or about 4
To about 100 perforation (8.2), or about 15 to about 100 perforation (8.2), and/or
Wherein total combined area of all perforation (8.2) is the position in the perforated disc (8.1) of the main fluid passageway (5)
About the 26% to about 96% of the cross-sectional area at place, or about 39% to about 96%, or about 26% to about 72% are set, and
Wherein the perforation (8.2) is optionally circular, oval or polygon；Or forming is round or oval
Sector；Or show irregular shape.
7. spirometer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the current limiter (8) and described first
The distance of the longitudinal axis along the main fluid passageway (5) between lateral openings (6) is about 5mm to about 15mm, preferably from about
8mm to about 12mm；And the distance between the current limiter (8) and second lateral openings (7) are about 25mm to about 45mm,
Preferably from about 30mm to about 40mm.
8. spirometer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal fluid flow based on MEMS
Sensor (13) is bi-directional flow sensor (13.1).
9. spirometer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal fluid flow based on MEMS
Sensor (13) is the single chip CMOS flow sensor (13.2) for including sensor chip, the chip include encapsulation bubble,
For heating the micro-heater of the bubble, more than first a thermoelectric piles on the first side of the bubble and being located at described
More than second a thermoelectric piles of second side opposite with first side of bubble.
10. spirometer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims further includes acceleration transducer (15),
Different from the thermal fluid flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) based on MEMS.
11. spirometer (1) according to claim 10, wherein the acceleration transducer (15) is 3 axle sensors
(15.1), for each axis in three axis, sensitivity (So) is at least 973 countings/g ± 5%.
12. spirometer (1) according to claim 11, wherein the microcontroller (14) is programmed to according to by described
Flow sensor (13,13.1,13.2) generate signal and according to the letter generated by the acceleration transducer (15,15.1)
Number calculate correction fluid flow.
13. spirometer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, further include with one in lower sensor or
It is multiple:
(a) heart rate sensor (16),
(b) oximetry sensor (17),
(c) for measuring the temperature sensor (18) of environment temperature,
(d) barometric pressure sensor (19),
(e) humidity sensor (20)；
Wherein each of one or more of sensors (16-20) directly or indirectly connect with the microcontroller (14)
It connects, so that the microcontroller (14) can receive signal from each of one or more of sensors.
14. spirometer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, further includes wireless communication device, preferably without
Line communication means (21).
15. spirometer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the equipment during its operation flat
Equal energy consumption no more than about 90mA, preferably no greater than about 50mA in total.
16. a kind of method for measuring the health parameters of people experimenter, the health parameters are selected from:
(a) forced vital capacity,
(b) forced expiratory volume,
(c) Peak expiratory flow,
(d) forced expiratory flow (FEF),
(e) maximal breathing capacity (MVV),
(f) average expiration flow,
(g) slow vital capacity (SVC),
(h) functional residual capacity, FRC (FRC),
(i) expiratory reserve volume (ERV) (ERV),
(j) maximum expiration speed,
(k) forced suction (FIV),
(l) forced suction lung capacity (FIVC),
(m) peak inspiration flow (PIF),
Or any combination of these parameters, this method include that the people experimenter passes through described in any one of claim 1-15
Spirometer (1) carry out breathing operation the step of.
17. a kind of system comprising:
Portable electronic spirometer (1) according to any one of claim 2 to 15, and
- the first air quality measuring device comprising be suitable for the portable electronic spirometer (1) and/or with it is individual
Computing unit carries out the communication device of data exchange, and equipped with for determining the position of the first air quality measuring device
One or more air quality sensors of the air quality at place are set, the air quality sensor is preferably chosen from humidity sensor
Device, temperature sensor, barometric pressure sensor, MOS type gas sensor (Metal-oxide-semicondutor), air-borne particle sensing
Device, pollen sensor, ozone (O3) sensor, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor, sulfur dioxide (SO2) sensor and carbon monoxide
(CO) sensor, and optionally
Individual computing unit is suitable at least collecting and analyzing from the spirometer according to claim 2 to 15 (1)
And the data obtained from the first air quality measuring device.
18. system according to claim 17, wherein the first air quality measuring device also serve as it is at least described just
Take the cradle of formula electronic meter for vital capacity (1), preferably near-field communication (NFC) cradle.
19. system described in 7 or 18 according to claim 1, wherein the first air quality measuring device includes wireless communication
Device；It is preferred that bluetooth connection.
20. system described in any one of 7 to 19 according to claim 1, wherein the system also includes the surveys of the second air quality
Equipment is measured, the second air quality measuring device is suitable for counting with the portable electronic spirometer (1) and/or with individual
It calculates unit and carries out data exchange, and equipped with one or more air quality sensors, to determine the second air matter
Air quality at the position of measurement equipment, the air quality sensor are preferably chosen from humidity sensor, temperature sensing
Device, barometric pressure sensor, MOS type gas sensor (Metal-oxide-semicondutor), air-borne particle sensor, pollen sensing
Device, ozone (O3) sensor, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor, sulfur dioxide (SO2) sensor and carbon monoxide (CO) sensor.
21. system according to claim 20, wherein the individual computing unit is also collected and analyzed from described second
The data that air quality measuring device obtains.
22. system described in any one of 7 to 21 according to claim 1, wherein the individual computing unit can be used for from
The geo-location for at least described air quality data that the first air quality measuring device obtains, and optionally from described
The geo-location for the air quality data that second air quality measuring device obtains.
23. according to the method for claim 16, wherein using being obtained according to claim 1 to spirometer described in 15 (1)
The one or more of health parameters obtained and the air derived from system described according to claim 1 any one of 7 to 22
Qualitative data is related to the optionally described geolocation data.
24. a kind of method for measuring one or more health parameters of people experimenter, the health parameters are selected from:
A) forced vital capacity (FVC),
B) forced expiratory volume (FEV),
C) Peak expiratory flow (PEF),
D) forced expiratory flow (FEF),
E) maximal breathing capacity (MVV),
F) average expiration flow,
(g) slow vital capacity (SVC),
H) functional residual capacity, FRC (FRC),
I) expiratory reserve volume (ERV) (ERV),
(j) maximum expiration speed,
(k) forced suction (FIV),
L) forced suction lung capacity (FIVC),
M) peak inspiration flow (PIF),
Or any combination of these parameters, this method include the people experimenter by according to claim 1 any one of -15
The spirometer (1) carries out the step of breathing operation；
Wherein, one or more of health parameters with derived from system described according to claim 1 any one of 7 to 22
Air quality data is related to optional geolocation data.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL41919416 | 2016-10-20 | ||
| PLP.419194 | 2016-10-20 | ||
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| EP17461593.0 | 2017-08-18 | ||
| PCT/EP2017/076710 WO2018073343A2 (en) | 2016-10-20 | 2017-10-19 | Portable spirometer |
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| EP (1) | EP3528697B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2020500049A (en) |
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| CN113558659A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-29 | 重庆安酷科技有限公司 | High-precision ultrasonic lung function detector and detection method thereof |
| CN118680545A (en) * | 2024-08-29 | 2024-09-24 | 湖南欧讯医疗科技有限公司 | Tidal volume detecting system and device |
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| CN113558659A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-29 | 重庆安酷科技有限公司 | High-precision ultrasonic lung function detector and detection method thereof |
| CN113558659B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-07-04 | 重庆安酷科技有限公司 | High-precision ultrasonic lung function detector and detection method thereof |
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| KR20190065316A (en) | 2019-06-11 |
| US20190254534A1 (en) | 2019-08-22 |
| US20230213368A1 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
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| US11540726B2 (en) | 2023-01-03 |
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| RU2019108767A3 (en) | 2021-01-18 |
| JP2020500049A (en) | 2020-01-09 |
| ES2961744T3 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
| BR112019007685A2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
| AU2017347595B2 (en) | 2023-07-20 |
| IL265939A (en) | 2019-05-30 |
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