CN109934586B - An electronic transaction method, device, system and medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an electronic transaction method, equipment, system and medium. This method relatively ensures the confidentiality of the transaction details between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder. In addition, the present invention also provides an electronic transaction device, system and medium, and the beneficial effect is the same as that described above.

Description

An electronic transaction method, device, system and medium

technical field

The present invention relates to the field of electronic commerce, in particular to an electronic transaction method, equipment, system and medium.

Background technique

With the rapid development of the Internet, e-commerce is in a period of rapid development, so choosing an appropriate transaction method is very important for e-commerce transactions.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of electronic transaction communication in electronic commerce in the prior art. As shown in Figure 1, in the current electronic transactions of e-commerce, it mainly involves the transaction initiator, the bank and the transaction response. Information transaction request, and then the bank side learns the object that needs to be traded with the transaction initiator according to the transaction request, that is, the transaction response side, and then the bank side forwards the transaction request to the transaction response side to interact with the transaction response side, when the transaction When the responder can meet the transaction request of the transaction initiator, it will send authorization information to the bank to inform the bank to change the account amount between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder according to the amount information, and provide corresponding products to Transaction originator.

However, in the current electronic transaction process, the transaction request sent by the transaction initiator to the bank is completely transparent to the bank, so the bank can learn the details of the transaction between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder based on the transaction details. Specifically, since the bank terminal is a third-party device for both the transaction initiator and the transaction responder, the current electronic transaction method is difficult to ensure the confidentiality of transaction details between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder.

It can be seen that providing an electronic transaction method to ensure the confidentiality of the transaction details between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an electronic transaction method, device, system and medium to ensure the confidentiality of transaction details between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an electronic transaction method, which is applied to the transaction initiator, including:

Generate the transaction details in the transaction request as N particle state information, and combine the N particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank and transaction response end to generate a mixed particle state; where N is a positive integer;

Particle measurement is performed on a plurality of first target particles in the mixed particle state, the first collapse result of particles other than the first target particle in the mixed particle state is generated, and the first collapse result is sent to the bank terminal, so that the bank terminal can The single second target particle in the first collapse result performs single particle measurement, generates the second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and sends the second collapse result to the transaction response end to pass the transaction The response end performs unitary operation on the second collapse result to restore N particle state information.

Preferably, the value of N is specifically 2;

Correspondingly, the particle measurement is specifically the Bell measurement.

Preferably, the N particle state information is combined with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, the bank end and the transaction response end to generate a mixed particle state including:

Combine the N particle state information with the shared entangled W state particles of the transaction initiator, bank and transaction response end to generate a mixed particle state.

Preferably, the transaction request also includes amount information;

Correspondingly, the method further includes:

Send the amount information to the bank to obtain authorization for the amount information from the transaction responder through the bank, and modify the respective account amounts of the transaction initiator and the transaction responder according to the amount information.

In addition, the present invention also provides a transaction initiator device, including:

The particle mixing module is used to generate the transaction details in the transaction request into N particle state information, and combine the N particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank end and transaction response end to generate a mixed particle state; , N is a positive integer;

The measurement transmission module is used to perform particle measurement on multiple first target particles in the mixed particle state, generate the first collapse result of particles other than the first target particle in the mixed particle state, and send the first collapse result to the bank terminal , to perform single-particle measurement on a single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank terminal, generate the second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and send the second collapse result to the transaction The response terminal is to perform a unitary operation on the second collapse result through the transaction response terminal to restore the N particle state information.

In addition, the present invention also provides an electronic transaction system, including:

The transaction initiator is used to generate the transaction details in the transaction request into N-particle state information, and combine the N-particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank end, and transaction response end to generate a mixed particle state; , N is a positive integer; perform particle measurement on multiple first target particles in the mixed particle state, generate the first collapse result of particles other than the first target particle in the mixed particle state, and send the first collapse result to the bank terminal ;

The bank terminal is used to perform single particle measurement on a single second target particle in the first collapse result, generate the second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and send the second collapse result to the transaction response end;

The transaction response terminal is used to perform unitary operation on the second collapse result and restore N particle state information.

In addition, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned electronic transaction method are realized.

In the electronic transaction method provided by the present invention, firstly, the transaction details in the transaction request are generated into N-particle state information, and the N-particle state information is combined with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiation end, the bank end, and the transaction response end to generate mixed particles state, N is a positive integer, and then carry out particle measurement on more than one target particle in the mixed particle state, so as to obtain the first collapse result of particles other than the first target particle in the mixed particle state, and store the first collapse result Send it to the bank terminal, and then perform single particle measurement on the single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank terminal, so as to generate the second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and then the second collapse result The second collapse result is sent to the transaction response terminal, so that the second collapse result can be unitary operated through the transaction response terminal, and the second collapse result can be restored to N particle state information, and then the transaction initiator can send transaction details to the transaction response terminal. the goal of. During the process of transmitting transaction details from the transaction initiator to the transaction response, the bank can only receive the collapse result of the transaction details after particle collapse, so it cannot directly know the specific content of the transaction details, so it is relatively guaranteed The confidentiality of transaction details between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder. In addition, the present invention also provides an electronic transaction device, system and medium, and the beneficial effect is the same as that described above.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. As far as people are concerned, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of electronic transaction communication in electronic commerce in the prior art;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an electronic transaction method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of an electronic transaction device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The core of the present invention is to provide an electronic transaction method to ensure the confidentiality of the transaction details between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder. Another core of the present invention is to provide an electronic transaction device, system and medium.

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Embodiment one

Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an electronic transaction method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic transaction method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the transaction initiator. Please refer to Figure 2, the specific steps of the electronic transaction method include:

Step S10: Generate the transaction details in the transaction request as N-particle state information, and combine the N-particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank and transaction responder to generate a mixed particle state.

Wherein, N is a positive integer.

It should be noted that in this step, the transaction details that need to be kept secret from the bank in the transaction request are generated into N particle state information, where N is a positive integer, which means that the transaction details can be converted into single particle state information , or convert the transaction details into information in the form of multi-particles entangled with each other. On this basis, since the transaction details in the transaction request need to be sent from the transaction initiator to the transaction response through the bank, so The shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank terminal and transaction response terminal in this step are equivalent to establishing the communication correlation between the transaction initiator, bank terminal and transaction response terminal in this method, and then in order to transfer the N particle state information from The transaction initiator transmits to the transaction responder. In this step, the N particle state information is combined with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank and transaction responder to generate a mixed particle state.

Step S11: Carry out particle measurement on multiple first target particles in the mixed particle state, generate the first collapse result of the particles in the mixed particle state except the first target particle, and send the first collapse result to the bank terminal to pass The bank end performs single-particle measurement on the single second target particle in the first collapse result, generates the second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and sends the second collapse result to the transaction response end, To perform unitary operation on the second collapse result through the transaction response terminal to restore N particle state information.

After the mixed particle state is generated, the transaction initiator performs particle measurement on the multiple first target particles in the mixed particle state. The target particle is used for particle measurement. In addition, the specific methods used for particle measurement in this step can include single particle measurement, Bell measurement, GHZ measurement, and von Neumann measurement. The specific measurement method should be based on the total number of the first target particles. depends. After the transaction initiator performs particle measurement on more than one first target particle, the particles in the mixed particle state other than the first target particle will collapse to generate the first collapse result, because the first collapse result contains the mixed particle state The relevant information of other particles except the first target particle, so the transaction initiator is equivalent to performing a segmentation process on the mixed particle state, and sends the obtained first collapse result to the bank, so the bank cannot directly obtain N-particle state information generated from transaction details.

After the bank end receives the first collapse result received by the transaction initiator, it will measure the single second target particle in the first collapse result, and then after the single particle measurement, the first collapse result except the first Particles other than the second target particle will collapse to generate a second collapse result, and then the bank end is equivalent to further dividing on the basis of the first collapse result, and sends the generated second collapse result to the transaction response end. It should be noted that since the measurement results generated after the single-particle measurement are composed of a single particle, it is difficult for the bank to deduce and restore the N-particle state information from the measurement results generated by the single-particle measurement of a single second target particle. Relatively ensure the confidentiality of the N particle state information to the bank.

After the transaction response terminal receives the second collapse result from the bank terminal, it can perform unitary operation on the second collapse result to restore N particle state information. Since the unitary operation is a technical content referred to by those skilled in the art, details are not described here. In addition, after the transaction responder restores and obtains the N-particle state information, it can learn the products required by the transaction initiator according to the N-particle state information, and then provide the corresponding products to the transaction initiator.

In the electronic transaction method provided by the present invention, firstly, the transaction details in the transaction request are generated into N-particle state information, and the N-particle state information is combined with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiation end, the bank end, and the transaction response end to generate mixed particles state, N is a positive integer, and then carry out particle measurement on more than one target particle in the mixed particle state, so as to obtain the first collapse result of particles other than the first target particle in the mixed particle state, and store the first collapse result Send it to the bank terminal, and then perform single particle measurement on the single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank terminal, so as to generate the second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and then the second collapse result The second collapse result is sent to the transaction response terminal, so that the second collapse result can be unitary operated through the transaction response terminal, and the second collapse result can be restored to N particle state information, and then the transaction initiator can send transaction details to the transaction response terminal. the goal of. During the process of transmitting transaction details from the transaction initiator to the transaction response, the bank can only receive the collapse result of the transaction details after particle collapse, so it cannot directly know the specific content of the transaction details, so it is relatively guaranteed The confidentiality of transaction details between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder.

Embodiment two

On the basis of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides the following series of preferred implementation manners.

As a preferred embodiment, the value of N is specifically 2;

Correspondingly, the particle measurement is specifically the Bell measurement.

It should be noted that the value of N in this embodiment is 2, that is, in this embodiment, the transaction initiator device generates the transaction details information as two-particle state information, and then combines the two-particle state information with the shared entangled state particles, Generate hybrid particle states. This embodiment converts the transaction details information into two-particle state information, which has higher particle entanglement than single-particle state information, can relatively ensure the overall stability in the transmission process, and ensure the integrity and security of transaction details information. availability.

In addition, as a preferred implementation, the N particle state information is combined with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank end and transaction response end to generate a mixed particle state including:

Combine the N particle state information with the shared entangled W state particles of the transaction initiator, bank and transaction response end to generate a mixed particle state.

Considering that the shared entangled W-state particles are currently relatively stable particle entangled state forms, in this embodiment, the N-particle state information is combined with the shared entangled W-state particles at the transaction initiator, bank and transaction response end to generate a mixed Particle state, in order to realize the transmission of N particle state information based on shared entangled W state particles, which can relatively guarantee the overall stability of the transmission process.

On the basis of the series of implementations above, as a preferred implementation, the transaction request also includes amount information;

Correspondingly, the method further includes:

Send the amount information to the bank to obtain authorization for the amount information from the transaction responder through the bank, and modify the respective account amounts of the transaction initiator and the transaction responder according to the amount information.

It should be noted that the transaction request in this embodiment includes the amount information in the first step, which is different from the transaction details in that the amount information is data content that does not need to be kept secret from the bank, and the bank forwards the transaction request from the transaction initiator After reaching the transaction responder and receiving the authorization information from the transaction responder, the account amounts of the transaction initiator and the transaction responder can be modified accordingly according to the amount information, so as to complete the amount change between the two parties during the transaction. This embodiment further ensures the overall integrity of the electronic transaction process.

Embodiment three

The technical solution of the present invention is described below through a specific scene embodiment. Not only this one, so this implementation does not specifically limit the present invention.

Assume that there are electronic transaction participants Peter (transaction initiator), Bob (bank end) and David (transaction response end). Peter needs to send a transaction request to David through Bob. First, the transaction details that need to be kept secret from Bob in the transaction request are converted into unknown two-particle state information, as shown below:

|φ _M >=α|00> ₁₂ +β|11> ₁₂ , where |α| ² +|β| ² ＝1;

Suppose Peter, Bob and David share the entangled W-state particles as follows:

Among them, particles 1 and 3 are given to Peter, particles 2 are given to Bob, and particles 4 and 5 are given to David. The resulting five-particle state is:

Peter performs a Bell measurement on particles 1 and 3, and Bob's and David's particles collapse. Bob and David determine the state of their particles based on Peter's measurements.

Two controlled NOT gate operations are performed between Peter and Bob. First, particle 2 is used as the control qubit, particle 4 is used as the target qubit; then particle 4 is used as the control qubit, and particle 2 is used as the target qubit.

The result of the first control NOT operation is:

|T> ¹ ₂₄₅ :

The result of the second control NOT operation is:

|T> ² ₂₄₅ :

If Peter's measurement is |Φ ^- > ₁₃ , then the states of Bob and David are:

操作(酉操作)才能得到|T>₄₅＝(α|00>+β|11>)₄₅。If the measurement of Bob's particle 2 is |0> ₂ , then David's particle 5 will collapse |T> ₄₅ = (α|01>-β10>) ₄₅ , so David must perform a

operation (unitary operation) to get |T> ₄₅ ＝(α|00>+β|11>) ₄₅ .

For other cases, the relationship between the measurement results of Peter and Bob and the operation of David is listed in Table 1.

Table 1 The relationship between the measurement results of Peter and Bob and the operation of David

The Pauli matrix used in it is as follows:

Embodiment four

The embodiment of the electronic transaction method has been described in detail above, and the present invention also provides an electronic transaction device corresponding to the method. Since the embodiment of the device part corresponds to the embodiment of the method part, the part of the device For the embodiments, please refer to the description of the embodiments in the method part, which will not be repeated here.

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of an electronic transaction device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic transaction equipment provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

The particle mixing module 10 is used to generate the transaction detail information in the transaction request into N particle state information, and combine the N particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank end and transaction response end to generate a mixed particle state; Wherein, N is a positive integer;

The measurement transmission module 11 is used to perform particle measurement on multiple first target particles in the mixed particle state, generate the first collapse result of particles other than the first target particle in the mixed particle state, and send the first collapse result to the bank Terminal, to perform single particle measurement on a single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank terminal, generate the second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and send the second collapse result to The transaction response terminal is used to perform unitary operation on the second collapse result through the transaction response terminal to restore N particle state information.

The electronic transaction device provided by the present invention first generates the transaction details in the transaction request as N-particle state information, and combines the N-particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank and transaction response end to generate mixed particles state, N is a positive integer, and then carry out particle measurement on more than one target particle in the mixed particle state, so as to obtain the first collapse result of particles other than the first target particle in the mixed particle state, and store the first collapse result Send it to the bank terminal, and then perform single particle measurement on the single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank terminal, so as to generate the second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and then the second collapse result The second collapse result is sent to the transaction response terminal, so that the second collapse result can be unitary operated through the transaction response terminal, and the second collapse result can be restored to N particle state information, and then the transaction initiator can send transaction details to the transaction response terminal. the goal of. During the process of transmitting transaction details from the transaction initiator to the transaction response, the bank can only receive the collapse result of the transaction details after particle collapse, so it cannot directly know the specific content of the transaction details, so it is relatively guaranteed The confidentiality of transaction details between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder.

In addition, the present invention also provides an electronic transaction system, including:

The transaction initiator is used to generate the transaction details in the transaction request into N-particle state information, and combine the N-particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank end, and transaction response end to generate a mixed particle state; , N is a positive integer; perform particle measurement on multiple first target particles in the mixed particle state, generate the first collapse result of particles other than the first target particle in the mixed particle state, and send the first collapse result to the bank terminal ;

The bank terminal is used to perform single particle measurement on a single second target particle in the first collapse result, generate the second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and send the second collapse result to the transaction response end;

The transaction response terminal is used to perform unitary operation on the second collapse result and restore N particle state information.

The electronic transaction system provided by the present invention firstly generates the transaction details in the transaction request as N-particle state information, and combines the N-particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiation end, the bank end and the transaction response end to generate mixed particles state, N is a positive integer, and then carry out particle measurement on more than one target particle in the mixed particle state, so as to obtain the first collapse result of particles other than the first target particle in the mixed particle state, and store the first collapse result Send it to the bank terminal, and then perform single particle measurement on the single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank terminal, so as to generate the second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and then the second collapse result The second collapse result is sent to the transaction response terminal, so that the second collapse result can be unitary operated through the transaction response terminal, and the second collapse result can be restored to N particle state information, and then the transaction initiator can send transaction details to the transaction response terminal. the goal of. During the process of transmitting transaction details from the transaction initiator to the transaction response, the bank can only receive the collapse result of the transaction details after particle collapse, so it cannot directly know the specific content of the transaction details, so it is relatively guaranteed The confidentiality of transaction details between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder.

In addition, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned electronic transaction method are realized.

The computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention firstly generates the transaction details in the transaction request as N-particle state information, and combines the N-particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiation end, the bank end, and the transaction response end to generate In the mixed particle state, N is a positive integer, and then the particle measurement is performed on more than one target particle in the mixed particle state, so as to obtain the first collapse result of particles other than the first target particle in the mixed particle state, and the first The collapse result is sent to the bank terminal, and then the single particle measurement is performed on the single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank terminal, so as to generate the second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and then Send the second collapsed result to the transaction response terminal to perform unitary operation on the second collapsed result through the transaction response terminal, restore the second collapsed result to N particle state information, and then realize the transaction initiator to send the transaction to the transaction response terminal Purpose of details. During the process of transmitting transaction details from the transaction initiator to the transaction response, the bank can only receive the collapse result of the transaction details after particle collapse, so it cannot directly know the specific content of the transaction details, so it is relatively guaranteed The confidentiality of transaction details between the transaction initiator and the transaction responder.

The electronic transaction method, device, system and medium provided by the present invention have been introduced in detail above. Each embodiment in the description is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other. As for the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for relevant details, please refer to the description of the method part. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

It should also be noted that in this specification, relative terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that these entities or operations There is no such actual relationship or order between the operations. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.

Claims (7)

1. An electronic transaction method applied to a transaction initiator, characterized in that it comprises: Generating the transaction detail information in the transaction request as N particle state information, and combining the N particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank end, and transaction response end to generate a mixed particle state; wherein, N is a positive integer; performing particle measurement on multiple first target particles in the mixed particle state, generating a first collapse result of particles other than the first target particle in the mixed particle state, and sending the first collapse result to The bank terminal is used to perform single-particle measurement on a single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank terminal, and generate a second particle of a particle other than the second target particle in the first collapse result. collapse the result, and send the second collapse result to the transaction response terminal, so that the transaction response terminal performs unitary operation on the second collapse result to restore the N particle state information. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the value of N is specifically 2; Correspondingly, the particle measurement is specifically a Bell measurement. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the combining the N particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank end and transaction response end to generate a mixed particle state comprises: Combining the N particle state information with the shared entangled W state particles of the transaction initiator, the bank and the transaction responder to generate the mixed particle state. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transaction request also includes amount information; Correspondingly, the method further includes: Sending the amount information to the bank terminal, so as to obtain authorization for the amount information from the transaction response terminal through the bank terminal, and modify the transaction initiator and the transaction correspondingly according to the amount information Responder's respective account amount. 5. A transaction initiator device, characterized in that it comprises: The particle mixing module is used to generate the transaction details in the transaction request into N particle state information, and combine the N particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank end and transaction response end to generate a mixed state information. Particle state; Wherein, N is a positive integer; a measurement transmission module, configured to perform particle measurement on a plurality of first target particles in the mixed particle state, generate a first collapse result of particles in the mixed particle state other than the first target particles, and send the The first collapse result is sent to the bank terminal, so as to perform single particle measurement on the single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank terminal, and generate The second collapse result of particles other than particles, and send the second collapse result to the transaction response terminal, so as to perform unitary operation on the second collapse result through the transaction response terminal, and restore the N particle state information . 6. An electronic trading system, characterized in that it comprises: The transaction initiator is used to generate the transaction details in the transaction request into N-particle state information, and combine the N-particle state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiator, bank end, and transaction response end to generate a mixed Particle state; wherein, N is a positive integer; particle measurement is performed on a plurality of first target particles in the mixed particle state, and a first collapse result of particles other than the first target particles in the mixed particle state is generated, and sending the first collapse result to the bank; The bank terminal is used to perform single-particle measurement on a single second target particle in the first collapse result, generate a second collapse result of particles other than the second target particle in the first collapse result, and Send the second collapse result to the transaction response end; The transaction response terminal is used to perform a unitary operation on the second collapse result to restore the N particle state information. 7. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is realized. The steps of the transaction method.

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