CN109934586B - Electronic transaction method, device, system and medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electronic transaction method, equipment, a system and a medium. The method relatively ensures confidentiality of transaction details between the transaction initiating terminal and the transaction responding terminal. In addition, the invention also provides electronic transaction equipment, a system and a medium, and the beneficial effects are the same as those described above.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of electronic commerce, and in particular, to a method, apparatus, system, and medium for electronic transaction.
Background
With the rapid development of the internet, electronic commerce is in a rapid development period, so that selecting an appropriate transaction mode is very important for electronic commerce transactions.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of electronic transaction communications in prior art electronic commerce. As shown in fig. 1, in the current electronic transaction of electronic commerce, mainly related to a transaction initiating terminal, a bank terminal and a transaction responding terminal, when the transaction begins, firstly, the transaction initiating terminal initiates a transaction request containing amount information and transaction detail information to the bank terminal, then the bank terminal learns the object which needs to be transacted with the transaction initiating terminal, namely the transaction responding terminal, according to the transaction request, and then the bank terminal forwards the transaction request to the transaction responding terminal to interact with the transaction responding terminal, when the transaction responding terminal can meet the transaction request of the transaction initiating terminal, authorization information is sent to the bank terminal to inform the bank terminal of corresponding change of account amount between the transaction initiating terminal and the transaction responding terminal according to the amount information, and corresponding products are provided to the transaction initiating terminal.
However, in the current electronic transaction process, the transaction request sent by the transaction initiating terminal to the bank terminal is completely transparent to the bank terminal, so that the bank terminal can learn the specific content of the transaction between the transaction initiating terminal and the transaction responding terminal according to the transaction detail information.
Therefore, the electronic transaction method is provided to ensure confidentiality of transaction detail information between the transaction initiating terminal and the transaction responding terminal, and is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electronic transaction method, equipment, a system and a medium, so as to ensure confidentiality of transaction detail information between a transaction initiating end and a transaction responding end.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an electronic transaction method, applied to a transaction initiator, comprising:
generating transaction detail information in a transaction request into N-particle state information, and combining the N-particle state information with shared entangled state particles of a transaction initiating end, a bank end and a transaction responding end to generate mixed particle states; wherein N is a positive integer;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out particle measurement on a plurality of first target particles in a mixed particle state, generating first collapse results of particles except the first target particles in the mixed particle state, sending the first collapse results to a bank end, carrying out single particle measurement on single second target particles in the first collapse results through the bank end, generating second collapse results of particles except the second target particles in the first collapse results, sending the second collapse results to a transaction response end, carrying out unitary operation on the second collapse results through the transaction response end, and reducing N particle state information.
Preferably, the value of N is in particular 2;
accordingly, the particle measurement is in particular a Bell measurement.
Preferably, combining the N particle state information with shared entangled state particles at a transaction initiation end, a bank end, and a transaction response end, generating a mixed particle state includes:
and combining the N-state information with the W-state particles which are entangled and shared by the transaction initiating end, the bank end and the transaction responding end to generate a mixed particle state.
Preferably, the transaction request also contains amount information;
accordingly, the method further comprises:
and sending the amount information to a bank end, so as to acquire authorization of the amount information from a transaction response end through the bank end, and correspondingly modifying the account amounts of the transaction initiation end and the transaction response end according to the amount information.
In addition, the invention also provides a transaction initiating terminal device, which comprises:
the particle mixing module is used for generating transaction detail information in the transaction request into N particle state information, and combining the N particle state information with shared entangled state particles of a transaction initiating end, a bank end and a transaction responding end to generate mixed particle states; wherein N is a positive integer;
the measuring and transmitting module is used for carrying out particle measurement on a plurality of first target particles in the mixed particle state, generating first collapse results of particles except the first target particles in the mixed particle state, sending the first collapse results to the bank end, carrying out single particle measurement on single second target particles in the first collapse results through the bank end, generating second collapse results of particles except the second target particles in the first collapse results, sending the second collapse results to the transaction response end, carrying out unitary operation on the second collapse results through the transaction response end, and reducing N particle state information.
In addition, the invention also provides an electronic transaction system, which comprises:
the transaction initiating terminal is used for generating transaction detail information in the transaction request into N particle state information, and combining the N particle state information with shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiating terminal, the bank terminal and the transaction responding terminal to generate mixed particle states; wherein N is a positive integer; carrying out particle measurement on a plurality of first target particles in the mixed particle state, generating first collapse results of particles except the first target particles in the mixed particle state, and sending the first collapse results to a bank end;
the bank end is used for measuring single particles of a single second target particle in the first collapse result, generating a second collapse result of particles except the second target particle in the first collapse result, and sending the second collapse result to the transaction response end;
and the transaction response end is used for unitary operation on the second collapse result and restoring N particle state information.
The invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the electronic transaction method as described above.
According to the electronic transaction method provided by the invention, firstly, transaction details in a transaction request are generated into N-particle state information, the N-particle state information is combined with shared entangled state particles of a transaction initiating end, a bank end and a transaction responding end to generate a mixed particle state, N is a positive integer, then more than one target particle in the mixed particle state is subjected to particle measurement, so that a first collapsed result of particles except the first target particle in the mixed particle state is obtained, the first collapsed result is sent to the bank end, then single particle measurement is carried out on a single second target particle in the first collapsed result through the bank end, so that a second collapsed result of particles except the second target particle in the first collapsed result is generated, then the second collapsed result is sent to the transaction responding end, the second collapsed result is restored into N-particle state information through the transaction responding end to realize the purpose that the transaction initiating end sends transaction details to the transaction responding end. In the process of transmitting the transaction detail information from the transaction initiating terminal to the transaction responding terminal, the bank terminal can only receive the collapse result of the transaction detail information after particle collapse, so that the specific content of the transaction detail information can not be directly obtained, and the confidentiality of the transaction detail between the transaction initiating terminal and the transaction responding terminal is relatively ensured. In addition, the invention also provides electronic transaction equipment, a system and a medium, and the beneficial effects are the same as those described above.
Drawings
For a clearer description of embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of electronic transaction communications in prior art electronic commerce;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an electronic transaction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic transaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
The core of the invention is to provide an electronic transaction method to ensure confidentiality of transaction detail information between a transaction initiating terminal and a transaction responding terminal. Another core of the present invention is to provide an electronic transaction device, system and medium.
In order to better understand the aspects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Example 1
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an electronic transaction method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic transaction method provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to the transaction initiating terminal. Referring to fig. 2, the electronic transaction method includes the following specific steps:
step S10: generating transaction detail information in the transaction request into N-particle state information, and combining the N-particle state information with shared entangled state particles of a transaction initiating end, a bank end and a transaction responding end to generate mixed particle states.
Wherein N is a positive integer.
It should be noted that, in this step, transaction detail information that needs to be kept secret from a bank end in a transaction request is generated into N-particle state information, where N is a positive integer, that is, the transaction detail information may be converted into information in a single-particle state form, or the transaction detail information may be converted into information in a multi-particle state form that a plurality of particles are entangled with each other.
Step S11: the method comprises the steps of carrying out particle measurement on a plurality of first target particles in a mixed particle state, generating first collapse results of particles except the first target particles in the mixed particle state, sending the first collapse results to a bank end, carrying out single particle measurement on single second target particles in the first collapse results through the bank end, generating second collapse results of particles except the second target particles in the first collapse results, sending the second collapse results to a transaction response end, carrying out unitary operation on the second collapse results through the transaction response end, and reducing N particle state information.
After the mixed particle state is generated, the transaction initiating terminal performs particle measurement on a plurality of first target particles in the mixed particle state, the plurality of first target particles in the step perform particle measurement, specifically, particle measurement is performed on more than one first target particle, and in addition, specific modes adopted in the particle measurement in the step can comprise single particle measurement, bell measurement, GHZ measurement and von neumann measurement, and the specific adopted measurement mode is determined according to the total number of the first target particles. After the transaction initiating terminal measures more than one first target particle, particles except the first target particle in the mixed particle state can collapse to generate a first collapse result, and the first collapse result contains relevant information of the particles except the first target particle in the mixed particle state, so that the transaction initiating terminal is equivalent to performing primary segmentation processing on the mixed particle state and sending the obtained first collapse result to the bank terminal, and the bank terminal cannot directly acquire N particle state information generated by transaction detail information.
After receiving the first collapse result received by the transaction initiating terminal, the bank terminal carries out single particle measurement on a single second target particle in the first collapse result, so that after carrying out single particle measurement, other particles except the second target particle in the first collapse result can collapse to generate a second collapse result, and the bank terminal is equivalent to further dividing on the basis of the first collapse result and sending the generated second collapse result to the transaction responding terminal. It should be noted that, since the measurement result generated after the single particle measurement is composed of a single particle, it is difficult for the bank end to derive and restore the N particle state information by using the measurement result generated by performing the single particle measurement on the single second target particle, so that confidentiality of the N particle state information to the bank end is relatively ensured.
After the transaction response end receives the second collapse result transmitted by the bank end, unitary operation can be performed on the second collapse result, and N particle state information is restored. Since unitary operation is a technical content pointed out by those skilled in the art, it is not described in detail herein. In addition, after the transaction response end restores to obtain the N particle state information, the product required by the transaction initiating end can be known according to the N particle state information, and further the corresponding product is provided for the transaction initiating end.
According to the electronic transaction method provided by the invention, firstly, transaction details in a transaction request are generated into N-particle state information, the N-particle state information is combined with shared entangled state particles of a transaction initiating end, a bank end and a transaction responding end to generate a mixed particle state, N is a positive integer, then more than one target particle in the mixed particle state is subjected to particle measurement, so that a first collapsed result of particles except the first target particle in the mixed particle state is obtained, the first collapsed result is sent to the bank end, then single particle measurement is carried out on a single second target particle in the first collapsed result through the bank end, so that a second collapsed result of particles except the second target particle in the first collapsed result is generated, then the second collapsed result is sent to the transaction responding end, the second collapsed result is restored into N-particle state information through the transaction responding end to realize the purpose that the transaction initiating end sends transaction details to the transaction responding end. In the process of transmitting the transaction detail information from the transaction initiating terminal to the transaction responding terminal, the bank terminal can only receive the collapse result of the transaction detail information after particle collapse, so that the specific content of the transaction detail information can not be directly obtained, and the confidentiality of the transaction detail between the transaction initiating terminal and the transaction responding terminal is relatively ensured.
Example two
On the basis of the above examples, the present invention also provides the following series of preferred embodiments.
As a preferred embodiment, the value of N is specifically 2;
accordingly, the particle measurement is in particular a Bell measurement.
In this embodiment, the value of N is 2, that is, in this embodiment, the transaction initiator device generates transaction detail information into two-particle state information, and further combines the two-particle state information with the shared entangled-state particles to generate a mixed particle state. The embodiment converts the transaction detail information into the two-particle state information, has higher particle entanglement compared with the single-particle state information, can relatively ensure the overall stability in the transmission process, and ensures the integrity and usability of the transaction detail information.
In addition, as a preferred embodiment, combining the N-particle state information with the shared entangled state particles at the transaction initiation end, the bank end, and the transaction response end, generating the mixed particle state includes:
and combining the N-state information with the W-state particles which are entangled and shared by the transaction initiating end, the bank end and the transaction responding end to generate a mixed particle state.
Because the W-state particles with the shared entanglement are considered to be in the form of the current relatively stable particle entanglement, the N-state information is combined with the W-state particles with the shared entanglement at the transaction initiating end, the bank end and the transaction responding end to generate a mixed particle state, so that the transmission of the N-state information is realized based on the W-state particles with the shared entanglement, and the overall stability of the transmission process can be relatively ensured.
In addition to the above-described series of embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the transaction request further includes amount information;
accordingly, the method further comprises:
and sending the amount information to a bank end, so as to acquire authorization of the amount information from a transaction response end through the bank end, and correspondingly modifying the account amounts of the transaction initiation end and the transaction response end according to the amount information.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the transaction request includes the amount information in one step, unlike the transaction detail information, the amount information is a data content that does not need to be kept secret by the bank end, and after the bank end forwards the transaction request of the transaction initiating end to the transaction responding end and receives the authorization information of the transaction responding end, the bank end can correspondingly modify the account amounts of the transaction initiating end and the transaction responding end according to the amount information, so as to complete the amount change of both sides of the transaction in the transaction process. This embodiment further ensures the overall integrity of the electronic transaction process.
Example III
The technical solution of the present invention will be described below by way of a specific example of a scenario, and it should be mainly described that this example is only a specific implementation manner based on the overall concept of the present invention, but the implementation manner based on the overall concept of the present invention is not limited to this specific implementation manner.
Suppose there are electronic transaction participants Peter (transaction initiating side), bob (banking side) and David (transaction responding side). Peter needs to send a transaction request to David through Bob, and firstly, transaction detail information needing to be kept secret for Bob in the transaction request is converted into unknown double-particle state information, as follows:
|φ M >=α|00> 12 +β|11> 12 where |α| 2 +|β| 2 =1;
Assuming Peter, bob and David share entangled W-state particles as follows:
wherein particles 1 and 3 are given to Peter, particle 2 is given to Bob, and particles 4 and 5 are given to David. The five-particle state thus produced is:
peter performs Bell measurements on particles 1 and 3, and particles of Bob and David collapse. Bob and David determine the state of their particles based on Peter's measurements.
Two control NOT operations were performed between Peter and Bob. First, particle 2 is a control qubit, and particle 4 is a target qubit; then particle 4 acts as the control qubit and particle 2 acts as the target qubit.
The result of the first control of the NOT operation is:
|T> 1 245 :
the result of the second control NOT operation is:
|T> 2 245 :
if Peter's measurement is |Φ - > 13 Then Bob and David states are:
if Bob's particle 2 measurement is |0> 2 Then particle 5 of David would collapse |t> 45 =(α|01>-β10>) 45 So David must perform oneOperation (unitary operation) to obtain |T> 45 =(α|00>+β|11>) 45 。
For other cases, the relationship between Peter, bob measurements and David operation is listed in table 1.
Table 1 relationship table between Peter, bob measurements and David operation
The Pauli matrix used therein is as follows:
example IV
The embodiments of the electronic transaction method are described in detail hereinabove, and the present invention further provides an electronic transaction device corresponding to the method, and since the embodiments of the device portion and the embodiments of the method portion correspond to each other, the embodiments of the device portion refer to the description of the embodiments of the method portion, which is not repeated herein.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic transaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic transaction device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the particle mixing module 10 is configured to generate N particle state information from transaction detail information in the transaction request, and combine the N particle state information with shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiating end, the bank end and the transaction responding end to generate a mixed particle state; wherein N is a positive integer;
the measurement transmission module 11 is configured to perform particle measurement on a plurality of first target particles in a mixed particle state, generate a first collapse result of particles except the first target particles in the mixed particle state, send the first collapse result to the bank end, perform single particle measurement on a single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank end, generate a second collapse result of particles except the second target particle in the first collapse result, and send the second collapse result to the transaction response end, perform unitary operation on the second collapse result through the transaction response end, and restore N-particle state information.
According to the electronic transaction device provided by the invention, the transaction details in the transaction request are firstly generated into N-particle state information, the N-particle state information is combined with shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiating end, the bank end and the transaction responding end to generate mixed particle states, N is a positive integer, and then more than one target particle in the mixed particle states is subjected to particle measurement, so that first collapsed results of particles except the first target particle in the mixed particle states are obtained, the first collapsed results are sent to the bank end, and then single particle measurement is carried out on single second target particles in the first collapsed results through the bank end, so that second collapsed results of particles except the second target particles in the first collapsed results are generated, the second collapsed results are sent to the transaction responding end, the second collapsed results are restored into N-particle state information through the transaction responding end to realize the purpose that the transaction initiating end sends transaction details to the transaction responding end. In the process of transmitting the transaction detail information from the transaction initiating terminal to the transaction responding terminal, the bank terminal can only receive the collapse result of the transaction detail information after particle collapse, so that the specific content of the transaction detail information can not be directly obtained, and the confidentiality of the transaction detail between the transaction initiating terminal and the transaction responding terminal is relatively ensured.
In addition, the invention also provides an electronic transaction system, which comprises:
the transaction initiating terminal is used for generating transaction detail information in the transaction request into N particle state information, and combining the N particle state information with shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiating terminal, the bank terminal and the transaction responding terminal to generate mixed particle states; wherein N is a positive integer; carrying out particle measurement on a plurality of first target particles in the mixed particle state, generating first collapse results of particles except the first target particles in the mixed particle state, and sending the first collapse results to a bank end;
the bank end is used for measuring single particles of a single second target particle in the first collapse result, generating a second collapse result of particles except the second target particle in the first collapse result, and sending the second collapse result to the transaction response end;
and the transaction response end is used for unitary operation on the second collapse result and restoring N particle state information.
According to the electronic transaction system provided by the invention, the transaction details in the transaction request are firstly generated into N-particle state information, the N-particle state information is combined with shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiating end, the bank end and the transaction responding end to generate mixed particle states, N is a positive integer, and then more than one target particle in the mixed particle states is subjected to particle measurement, so that first collapsed results of particles except the first target particle in the mixed particle states are obtained, the first collapsed results are sent to the bank end, and then single particle measurement is carried out on single second target particles in the first collapsed results through the bank end, so that second collapsed results of particles except the second target particles in the first collapsed results are generated, the second collapsed results are sent to the transaction responding end, the second collapsed results are restored into N-particle state information through the transaction responding end to realize the purpose that the transaction initiating end sends transaction details to the transaction responding end. In the process of transmitting the transaction detail information from the transaction initiating terminal to the transaction responding terminal, the bank terminal can only receive the collapse result of the transaction detail information after particle collapse, so that the specific content of the transaction detail information can not be directly obtained, and the confidentiality of the transaction detail between the transaction initiating terminal and the transaction responding terminal is relatively ensured.
The invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the electronic transaction method as described above.
The computer readable storage medium provided by the invention is characterized in that firstly, transaction details in a transaction request are generated into N-particle state information, the N-particle state information is combined with shared entangled state particles of a transaction initiating end, a bank end and a transaction responding end to generate mixed particle states, N is a positive integer, then more than one target particle in the mixed particle states is subjected to particle measurement, so that first collapsed results of particles except the first target particle in the mixed particle states are obtained, the first collapsed results are sent to the bank end, then single particle measurement is carried out on single second target particles in the first collapsed results through the bank end, so that second collapsed results of particles except the second target particles in the first collapsed results are generated, then the second collapsed results are sent to the transaction responding end, the second collapsed results are restored into N-particle state information through unitary operation of the transaction responding end, and the purpose of sending transaction details to the transaction responding end is achieved. In the process of transmitting the transaction detail information from the transaction initiating terminal to the transaction responding terminal, the bank terminal can only receive the collapse result of the transaction detail information after particle collapse, so that the specific content of the transaction detail information can not be directly obtained, and the confidentiality of the transaction detail between the transaction initiating terminal and the transaction responding terminal is relatively ensured.
The electronic transaction method, the electronic transaction device, the electronic transaction system and the electronic transaction medium provided by the invention are described in detail. In the description, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described by the differences from other embodiments, so that the same similar parts among the embodiments are mutually referred. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
It should also be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Claims (7)
1. An electronic transaction method applied to a transaction initiating terminal, comprising the following steps:
generating transaction detail information in a transaction request into N-particle state information, and combining the N-particle state information with shared entangled state particles of a transaction initiating end, a bank end and a transaction responding end to generate a mixed particle state; wherein N is a positive integer;
performing particle measurement on a plurality of first target particles in the mixed particle state, generating a first collapse result of particles except the first target particles in the mixed particle state, sending the first collapse result to the bank end, performing single particle measurement on a single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank end, generating a second collapse result of particles except the second target particle in the first collapse result, sending the second collapse result to the transaction response end, performing unitary operation on the second collapse result through the transaction response end, and restoring the N particle state information.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the value of N is in particular 2;
correspondingly, the particle measurement is in particular a Bell measurement.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining the N-state information with the shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiating side, banking side, and transaction responding side to generate a mixed-state particle state comprises:
and combining the N particle state information with the W state particles which are entangled and shared by the transaction initiating terminal, the bank terminal and the transaction responding terminal to generate the mixed particle state.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transaction request further comprises monetary information;
accordingly, the method further comprises:
and sending the amount information to the bank end, so as to acquire authorization of the amount information from the transaction response end through the bank end, and correspondingly modifying the account amounts of the transaction initiating end and the transaction response end according to the amount information.
5. A transaction initiation device, comprising:
the particle mixing module is used for generating transaction detail information in a transaction request into N particle state information, and combining the N particle state information with shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiating terminal, the bank terminal and the transaction responding terminal to generate a mixed particle state; wherein N is a positive integer;
the measurement transmission module is used for carrying out particle measurement on a plurality of first target particles in the mixed particle state, generating a first collapse result of particles except the first target particles in the mixed particle state, sending the first collapse result to the bank end so as to carry out single particle measurement on a single second target particle in the first collapse result through the bank end, generating a second collapse result of particles except the second target particle in the first collapse result, sending the second collapse result to the transaction response end so as to carry out unitary operation on the second collapse result through the transaction response end, and restoring the N particle state information.
6. An electronic transaction system, comprising:
the transaction initiating terminal is used for generating transaction detail information in the transaction request into N particle state information, and combining the N particle state information with shared entangled state particles of the transaction initiating terminal, the bank terminal and the transaction responding terminal to generate mixed particle states; wherein N is a positive integer; performing particle measurement on a plurality of first target particles in the mixed particle state, generating a first collapse result of particles except the first target particles in the mixed particle state, and sending the first collapse result to the bank end;
the bank end is used for carrying out single particle measurement on a single second target particle in the first collapse result, generating a second collapse result of particles except the second target particle in the first collapse result, and sending the second collapse result to the transaction response end;
and the transaction response end is used for unitary operation of the second collapse result and restoring the N particle state information.
7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that it has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the electronic transaction method according to any of claims 1 to 4.
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