CN109933909B - Method for determining full three-dimensional blowing loss of reversing turbine with incomplete blocking at exhaust side - Google Patents
Method for determining full three-dimensional blowing loss of reversing turbine with incomplete blocking at exhaust side Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A reverse turbine full three-dimensional blowing loss determination method with an exhaust side not completely blocked belongs to a calculation method of blowing loss of a reverse turbine. At present, the blowing loss of the reversible turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked can not be calculated. According to the invention, a calculation model is established according to the blocking height of the outlet side baffle; importing the calculation domain into a grid division program, and defining names of an upper outlet surface and a lower outlet surface; after the calculation grid is imported into a full three-dimensional flow field calculation program, setting a reverse rotation speed of a calculation domain and the surface of a blade according to a right-hand rule, and setting boundary conditions; then calculating the surface torque and power of the blade; and changing the reverse rotation speed for recalculation, fitting the obtained data of the rotation speed and the power, and obtaining a relationship curve and a functional relationship between the blowing loss and the rotation speed when the reversing turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked is reversed. The invention obtains and simplifies the calculation method of the functional relation between the rotating speed and the blowing loss when the reversing turbine which is not completely blocked at the exhaust side reverses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for calculating the blowing loss of a reversing turbine, in particular to a method for determining the full three-dimensional blowing loss of the reversing turbine without completely blocking an exhaust side.
Background
Gas turbines have been favored by various countries since their birth due to their high power density and rapid response. The gas turbine, one of the main power plants of a ship, has a great disadvantage that the gas turbine cannot be directly reversed. At present, the reversing problem of the gas turbine in China is realized by a variable pitch propeller. While variable pitch propellers use conventional gearboxes and provide balanced thrust control, they suffer from certain limitations and some disadvantages. First, it delivers an upper limit on power, which is costly to exceed. Secondly, the size and weight of the variable pitch propeller, shafting and bearings which are matched with the high-power gas turbine are much larger than those of the conventional fixed pitch propeller, and the variable pitch propeller is more expensive. The larger size of the underwater components compared to fixed pitch propellers results in a 10% increase in hull drag at full power and a 6% increase in drag at cruise operation, and the complex construction of the pitch propellers, the difficulty of maintenance, especially on high power gas turbines, makes the design and system more complex. The advent of reversible gas turbines has fundamentally solved these problems, namely gas turbines having both forward and reverse capability, with reverse power being provided directly by the gas turbine.
The reversing function of the gas turbine is realized through a reversing turbine, a moving blade of the turbine consists of double layers of blades, an inner layer of blade is a forward turbine blade, an outer layer of blade is a reversing turbine blade, the two layers of blades are connected into a whole, and power is output through a turbine disc and a shaft. When all gas flows pass through the inner layer blades, the turbine blades for forward turning work, and the turbine blades for backward turning work in a reverse way; when the gas flow completely flows through the outer layer blades, the reverse turbine blades work, and the forward turbine blades are reversed. Obviously, when the unit is operated, one layer of turbine blades is always in a reverse rotation state, and particularly, the unit is in a forward operation state for a long time, at the moment, the reverse turbine blades can cause extra blast loss, and the service power and the efficiency of the unit are reduced. To this end, the reversible turbine is provided with a baffle or cap structure that reduces windage losses.
At present, the conventional turbine blade aerodynamic calculation process in the prior art mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a three-dimensional solid model of a blade body part of a blade according to the blade profile coordinate information of the turbine blade, and establishing a three-dimensional solid model of a meridian flow channel according to the turbine meridian flow channel and the number of blades; and (3) performing Boolean difference calculation with the three-dimensional blade solid model on the basis of the meridian flow channel three-dimensional solid model to obtain a full three-dimensional calculation domain. And then, importing the calculation domain into a mesh division program, defining different surfaces for the three-dimensional calculation domain, dividing meshes, and outputting a mesh file which can be used by the full three-dimensional flow field calculation. And then importing the grid file into a full three-dimensional flow field calculation program, defining a boundary type and a boundary condition, setting a calculation method, and starting three-dimensional calculation until the calculation is converged. And finally, post-processing the calculation result of the full three-dimensional flow field to obtain the pneumatic parameters such as the inverse power, the efficiency and the like.
Due to the fact that the flow inside the turbine blade cascade is relatively disordered due to the particularity of the rotation direction of the reversible turbine, and the complexity of a baffle plate or a cap structure for reducing the blowing loss, the blowing loss calculation cannot be carried out when the reversible turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked in the conventional pneumatic calculation process of the turbine blades rotates reversely.
Regarding the problem of the air blowing loss of the reversing turbine, few researchers at home and abroad research the air blowing loss problem, and reports on the air blowing loss of the reversing turbine are not found yet. In order to solve the problem that the blowing loss can not be calculated when the reverse rotation of the reverse rotatable turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked, a relation curve and a function relation between the reverse rotation speed of the reverse rotatable turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked and the blowing loss are obtained. A method of determining the full three-dimensional blow-by loss of a reverse turbine with an exhaust side that is not fully blocked is desired.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the blowing loss can not be calculated when a reversing turbine with an incompletely blocked exhaust side reverses, and provides a method for determining the full three-dimensional blowing loss of the reversing turbine with the incompletely blocked exhaust side.
The method for determining the full three-dimensional blowing loss of the reversing turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked comprises the following steps:
Arranging an outlet side baffle at the top of the downstream of a movable blade outlet, wherein the surface of the outlet side baffle is parallel to the section of an outlet surface, and dividing the outlet surface of the reverse turbine movable blade into an upper outlet surface and a lower outlet surface according to the position capable of being blocked by the outlet side baffle, thereby establishing a three-dimensional calculation domain model;
step two, importing the three-dimensional computation model into a grid division program, setting the name of an upper outlet surface and the name of a lower outlet surface of the three-dimensional computation domain, and dividing a full three-dimensional computation grid;
step three, after the calculation grid obtained in the step two is led into a full three-dimensional flow field calculation program, on the basis of the full three-dimensional flow field calculation setting of the conventional turbine movable blade, a three-dimensional calculation domain and the blade surface are set with reverse rotation speed according to the right-hand rule, the upper outlet surface is set as a wall surface boundary condition, the lower outlet surface is set as a free outflow boundary condition, the inlet surface is set as a wall surface boundary condition, and full three-dimensional flow field calculation is started;
step four, after the calculation in the step three is converged, calculating the torque of the pressure acting on the surface of the blade relative to the rotating shaft, and taking the product of the torque and the rotating angular velocity of the movable blade as the power at the rotating speed, namely the blowing loss at the rotating speed;
Step five, changing the size of the rotating speed in the step three, and recalculating the blowing loss in different rotating speed states;
and step six, fitting the rotating speed and the blowing loss data obtained in the step four and the step five to obtain a relationship curve and a function relationship expression of the blowing loss and the rotating speed when the reversing turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked reverses.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
on the basis of fully utilizing the conventional turbine full three-dimensional flow field calculation method and flow, the method is combined with the structural characteristics of the reversible turbine without complete blocking on the exhaust side, and reorganizes model processing, grid division, calculation boundary condition setting and post-processing in the full three-dimensional flow field calculation process, so that the calculation method for acquiring the rotating speed and blowing loss function relation formula during reversing of the reversible turbine except for the test is obtained, and the problem that the blowing loss cannot be calculated during reversing of the reversible turbine without complete blocking on the exhaust side is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a meridional view of a reversible turbine with exhaust side not fully blocked;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of windage loss calculation during reverse rotation of a reversible turbine with exhaust side not fully blocked;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of computational boundaries of a reversible turbine bucket computational domain;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a rotational speed versus windage loss as a function of reverse rotation of a reversible turbine;
Detailed Description
The first specific implementation way is as follows:
the method for determining the full three-dimensional blowing loss of the reverse turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked comprises the following steps:
on the basis of a conventional turbine movable blade full-three-dimensional flow field calculation domain, considering that the blast loss of a reversible turbine is weakened, arranging an outlet side baffle plate at the downstream top of a movable blade outlet, wherein the surface of the outlet side baffle plate is parallel to the cross section of an outlet surface, and dividing the outlet surface of the reversible turbine movable blade into an upper outlet surface and a lower outlet surface according to the position capable of being blocked by the outlet side baffle plate, so that a three-dimensional calculation domain model is established;
step two, importing the three-dimensional computation model into a mesh partitioning program (such as ICEM) and setting the names of the upper exit surfaces of the three-dimensional computation domain as follows: the names of OUT _ SHANG and lower exit facets are: OUT _ XIA, dividing a full three-dimensional computational grid;
step three, after the calculation grid obtained in the step two is led into a full three-dimensional flow field calculation program (such as ANSYS CFX) and on the basis of the setting of the full three-dimensional flow field calculation of the conventional turbine movable blade, setting a three-dimensional calculation domain and the blade surface to reverse rotation speed according to the right-hand rule, setting an upper outlet surface as a wall surface boundary condition (wall), setting a lower outlet surface as a free outflow boundary condition (openning), setting an inlet surface as the wall surface boundary condition (wall), and starting the full three-dimensional flow field calculation;
Step four, after the calculation in the step three is converged, calculating the torque of the pressure acting on the surface of the blade relative to the rotating shaft, and taking the product of the torque and the rotating angular velocity of the movable blade as the power at the rotating speed, namely the blowing loss at the rotating speed;
step five, changing the size of the rotating speed in the step three, and recalculating the blowing loss in different rotating speed states;
and step six, fitting the rotating speed and the blowing loss data obtained in the step four and the step five to obtain a relation curve and a function relation of the blowing loss and the rotating speed when the reversing turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked reverses.
The second embodiment is as follows:
in the method for determining the three-dimensional blowing loss of the reversing turbine in which the exhaust side is not completely blocked according to the present embodiment, in the first step, the shape of the outlet-side damper is a circular ring formed by a plurality of fan-shaped plates, and the dividing position of the outlet-side damper is usually within 20% of the height of the movable blades of the reversing turbine.
The third concrete implementation mode:
the method for determining the air blowing loss function of the reversing turbine with the incompletely blocked exhaust side in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
on the basis of a conventional turbine movable blade full-three-dimensional flow field calculation domain, considering that the blast loss of a reversible turbine is weakened, arranging an outlet side baffle plate at the downstream top of a movable blade outlet, wherein the surface of the outlet side baffle plate is parallel to the cross section of an outlet surface, and dividing the outlet surface of the reversible turbine movable blade into an upper outlet surface and a lower outlet surface according to the position capable of being blocked by the outlet side baffle plate, so that a three-dimensional calculation domain model is established;
Step two, importing the three-dimensional calculation model into a mesh partitioning program (such as ICEM and the like), and setting the names of upper exit surfaces of the three-dimensional calculation domain as follows: the names of OUT _ SHANG and lower egress planes are as follows: OUT _ XIA, dividing a full three-dimensional computing grid;
step three, after the calculation grid obtained in the step two is led into a full three-dimensional flow field calculation program (such as ANSYS CFX) and on the basis of the setting of the full three-dimensional flow field calculation of the conventional turbine movable blade, setting a three-dimensional calculation domain and the blade surface to reverse rotation speed according to the right-hand rule, setting an upper outlet surface as a wall surface boundary condition (wall), setting a lower outlet surface as a free outflow boundary condition (openning), setting an inlet surface as the wall surface boundary condition (wall), and starting the full three-dimensional flow field calculation;
step four, after the calculation in the step three is converged, calculating the torque of the pressure acting on the surface of the blade relative to the rotating shaft, and taking the product of the torque and the rotating angular velocity of the movable blade as the power at the rotating speed, namely the blowing loss at the rotating speed;
fifthly, changing the rotating speed in the step three, and recalculating the blowing loss in different rotating speed states;
step six, fitting the data of the rotating speed and the blowing loss obtained in the step four and the step five to obtain a relation curve and a function relation of the blowing loss and the rotating speed when the reversing turbine capable of reversing with the exhaust side not completely blocked is reversed;
And step seven, changing the height of the baffle plate on the outlet surface side of the movable blade in the step one to change the dividing position, and repeating the step one to the step six to obtain a functional relation expression of the blowing loss, the outlet area and the rotating speed when the reversing turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked is reversed.
The fourth concrete implementation mode is as follows:
in the method for determining the full three-dimensional blowing loss of the reversing turbine with an incompletely blocked exhaust side in the embodiment, in the first step, the outlet side baffle is in a ring shape formed by a plurality of fan-shaped plates, and the dividing position of the outlet side baffle is within 20% of the height of the movable blades of the reversing turbine.
Example 1:
the method for determining the full three-dimensional blowing loss of the reversing turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked comprises the following steps of establishing a conventional calculation model, dividing a full three-dimensional flow field calculation grid and calculating the full three-dimensional flow field (see figure 1) of the reversing turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked, and the following steps (see figure 2) are also included in the process:
(1) when a calculation model is established, dividing the outlet surface of the reversing turbine movable blade into an upper outlet surface and a lower outlet surface according to the blocking height of an outlet side baffle 1 (shown in figure 1);
(2) as shown IN fig. 3, after the computation domain is imported into the mesh partitioning program, for the three-dimensional computation domain definition plane, the names of the upper exit plane 2 are defined as OUT _ SHANG, the name of the lower exit plane 3 is defined as OUT _ XIA, the name of the entrance plane 4 is defined as IN _ WALL, the names of the two side periodic planes 5 and 6 are respectively PER _1 and PER _2, the name of the lower end WALL plane 7 is defined as HUB, the name of the upper end WALL plane 8 is defined as SHROUD, and the name of the BLADE surface 9 is defined as BLADE;
(3) After a computational grid is imported into a full three-dimensional flow field computational program, setting a reverse rotation speed of a computational domain and a blade surface according to a right hand rule, setting an upper outlet face 2 as a wall boundary condition (wall), setting a lower outlet face 3 as a free outflow boundary condition (open), setting an inlet face 4 as the wall boundary condition (wall), setting periodic faces 5 and 6 as a rotational periodic boundary condition (periodic property), setting a lower end wall face 7 as the wall boundary condition (wall), setting an upper end wall face 8 as the wall boundary condition (wall), and setting a blade surface 9 as the wall boundary condition (wall);
(4) after the calculation convergence, calculating the surface torque and power of the blade;
(5) changing the reverse rotation speed, and repeating the step (4) to obtain the power in different rotation speed states;
(6) by sorting and fitting the data of the rotating speed and the power obtained in the steps (4) to (5), a relationship curve and a functional relation between the blowing loss (the magnitude of the loss power) and the rotating speed when the reversing turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked is reversed can be obtained, and as shown in fig. 4, the ordinate in the figure represents the blowing loss.
By adopting the calculation method, the relation curve and the function relation of the rotating speed and the blowing loss when the reversing turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked rotates can be obtained.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore intended that all such changes and modifications be considered as within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for determining the full three-dimensional blowing loss of the reversing turbine with an incompletely blocked exhaust side is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
arranging an outlet side baffle at the downstream top of a movable blade outlet, wherein the surface of the outlet side baffle is parallel to the cross section of an outlet surface, and dividing the outlet surface of the reversing turbine movable blade into an upper outlet surface and a lower outlet surface according to the position capable of being blocked by the outlet side baffle, thereby establishing a three-dimensional calculation domain model;
step two, importing the three-dimensional computation model into a grid division program, setting the name of an upper outlet surface and the name of a lower outlet surface of the three-dimensional computation domain, and dividing a full three-dimensional computation grid;
step three, after the calculation grid obtained in the step two is led into a full three-dimensional flow field calculation program, on the basis of the full three-dimensional flow field calculation setting of the conventional turbine movable blade, a three-dimensional calculation domain and the blade surface are set with reverse rotation speed according to the right-hand rule, the upper outlet surface is set as a wall surface boundary condition, the lower outlet surface is set as a free outflow boundary condition, the inlet surface is set as a wall surface boundary condition, and full three-dimensional flow field calculation is started;
Step four, after the calculation in the step three is converged, calculating the torque of the pressure acting on the surface of the blade relative to the rotating shaft, and taking the product of the torque and the rotating angular velocity of the movable blade as the power at the rotating speed, namely the blowing loss at the rotating speed;
step five, changing the size of the rotating speed in the step three, and recalculating the blowing loss in different rotating speed states;
and step six, fitting the rotating speed and the blowing loss data obtained in the step four and the step five to obtain a relationship curve and a function relationship expression of the blowing loss and the rotating speed when the reversing turbine with the exhaust side not completely blocked reverses.
2. The method of determining the full three-dimensional blowing loss of a reverse turbine whose exhaust side is not fully blocked according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the outlet side baffle is in a ring shape formed by a plurality of fan-shaped plates, and the dividing position of the outlet side baffle is positioned within 20% of the height of the reversing turbine movable blade.
3. The method for determining the full three-dimensional blowing loss of the reversing turbine with an incompletely blocked exhaust side is characterized by comprising the following steps: the blast loss function determination method is realized by the following steps:
arranging an outlet side baffle at the top of the downstream of a movable blade outlet, wherein the surface of the outlet side baffle is parallel to the section of an outlet surface, and dividing the outlet surface of the reverse turbine movable blade into an upper outlet surface and a lower outlet surface according to the position capable of being blocked by the outlet side baffle, thereby establishing a three-dimensional calculation domain model;
Step two, importing the three-dimensional computation model into a grid division program, setting the name of an upper outlet surface and the name of a lower outlet surface of the three-dimensional computation domain, and dividing a full three-dimensional computation grid;
thirdly, after the calculation grid obtained in the second step is imported into a full three-dimensional flow field calculation program, on the basis of the full three-dimensional flow field calculation setting of the conventional turbine movable blade, a three-dimensional calculation domain and the blade surface are set to reverse rotation speed according to the right-hand rule, an upper outlet face is set to be a wall surface boundary condition, a lower outlet face is set to be a free outflow boundary condition, an inlet face is set to be a wall surface boundary condition, and full three-dimensional flow field calculation is started;
step four, after the calculation in the step three is converged, calculating the torque of the pressure acting on the surface of the blade relative to the rotating shaft, and taking the product of the torque and the rotating angular velocity of the movable blade as the power at the rotating speed, namely the blowing loss at the rotating speed;
fifthly, changing the rotating speed in the step three, and recalculating the blowing loss in different rotating speed states;
step six, fitting the data of the rotating speed and the blowing loss obtained in the step four and the step five to obtain a relationship curve and a function relationship formula of the blowing loss and the rotating speed when the reversing turbine which is not completely blocked at the exhaust side is reversed;
And step seven, changing the height of the baffle plate on the outlet surface side of the movable blade in the step one, and repeating the step one to the step six to obtain a functional relation expression of the blowing loss, the outlet area and the rotating speed when the reversing turbine which is not completely blocked on the exhaust side is reversed.
4. The method for determining the full three-dimensional blowing loss of the reverse turbine whose exhaust side is not completely blocked according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the first step, the outlet side baffle is a ring formed by a plurality of fan-shaped plates, and the dividing position of the outlet side baffle is positioned within 20% of the height of the reversing turbine moving blade.
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